EP1485209B1 - Systeme de dosage a racle - Google Patents
Systeme de dosage a racle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1485209B1 EP1485209B1 EP03720149A EP03720149A EP1485209B1 EP 1485209 B1 EP1485209 B1 EP 1485209B1 EP 03720149 A EP03720149 A EP 03720149A EP 03720149 A EP03720149 A EP 03720149A EP 1485209 B1 EP1485209 B1 EP 1485209B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- doctor
- holder
- bed
- metering
- groove
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
- B05C11/02—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface ; Controlling means therefor; Control of the thickness of a coating by spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to the coated surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
- B05C11/02—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface ; Controlling means therefor; Control of the thickness of a coating by spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to the coated surface
- B05C11/023—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface
- B05C11/025—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface with an essentially cylindrical body, e.g. roll or rod
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
- D21H25/08—Rearranging applied substances, e.g. metering, smoothing; Removing excess material
- D21H25/12—Rearranging applied substances, e.g. metering, smoothing; Removing excess material with an essentially cylindrical body, e.g. roll or rod
Definitions
- the invention relates to a doctor metering system for a device for Coating a material web, in particular paper or board web, with a Doctor rod (3) as a metering element, which held in a groove of a doctor bed (4) is mounted in a fixable in the context of the system holder (6),
- the application system for application a liquid coating material in excess and a subsequent Have metering with a doctor rod as dosing, the Excess of coating material down to the desired coating weight scrape off again.
- the application and dosing takes place either directly on the web or indirectly first to a web deflecting roller, which subsequently passes the metered film of coating material to the web.
- a doctor metering system of the generic type is described in DE-A 3022955 described.
- the squeegee rod is made of rubber-elastic in a squeegee bed Material held in one with the machine frame standing holder is stored.
- the squeegee bed is supported by a pressure hose, so that the thickness of the metered film on the roller or the web limited by the pressure in the Pressure hose varies.
- In the squeegee bed are two parallel to the squeegee bar extending and the squeegee rod open Spülkanäle arranged in the one Rinsing liquid, e.g.
- roller scraper systems in which the doctor bed of a Pressure hose is supported, are referred to as roller scraper systems. She are used for direct dosing on the web in an area where this is supported by a counter-roller. There are also so-called roll doctor systems known in which the web in a free-running area around the Doctor rod is guided. In these systems, the doctor bed is without Pressure hose attached in a rigid holder.
- the squeegee bars are usually made of steel with a diameter between 6 mm - 40 mm made.
- Pigmentstreichmaschine very are abrasive, it is known to increase the wear resistance Coat the squeegee bars on their surface with wear-resistant materials.
- squeegee bars with a smooth outer surface or Doctor blades with circumferential grooves used.
- the lateral surface turns in operation a small gap to be coated Path through which the coating material in the desired amount passes.
- Squeegee bars with circumferential grooves are located at the dosing on the web or Roll on. The remaining coating weight is primarily due to the groove cross section determined by which the coating material can pass.
- the known Doctor beds are made with exact dimensions. Since the squeegee beds a relative have large cross-section, they are required to reach the required Dimensional accuracy produced in a casting process and / or the required Dimensional accuracy is achieved by machining. The production is thus both material and ferramentintensive.
- the rotating doctor blade during operation causes considerable wear the doctor bed.
- the material- and production-intensive doctor beds must therefore be exchanged at regular intervals.
- the exchange causes significant costs.
- the roll doctor metering system according to the German Patent Application 10045515 a holder with a groove into which the doctor bed can be used with the inserted doctor rod.
- the squeegee bed is as run as small as possible wearing part.
- the invention is therefore based on the object, a doctor metering system according to the DE 10045515 to improve so that the doctor bed with inserted doctor rod can be easily replaced.
- the doctor bed is as small as possible wearing part executed, it therefore requires less material than the known doctor beds.
- the holder is not a wearing part. He can thus more expensive, for example by cutting Processing, to be produced. It can be designed to be universal can be used and different squeegee for Rakelstangen with can accommodate different diameters.
- the Division of the system for holding the doctor bar in two parts, namely doctor bed and Halter the use of different material combinations to the Improve operating behavior of the dosing system. So can the squeegee bed particularly elastic for improved sealing behavior over the Squeegee and particularly wear-resistant while the holder made of a harder material, hence its increased rigidity Prevents vibrations of the dosing system.
- the design of the holder in the manner of a clip with a pressure hose, the against a staple leg and so the groove walls of the holding against each other presses, allows the groove of the holder for a change of the doctor bed to to relax by lowering the pressure in the clamping hose.
- the Dosing system is the clamping tube under pressure to the doctor bed with the to hold in place inserted doctor rod.
- the inventive design of the metering system has the further advantage that can be regulated by the pressure in the clamping tube, the voltage with the squeegee rod is held in the squeegee bed.
- the voltage dependent Friction of the doctor rod during its rotation in the doctor bed can thus be on set the lowest possible values.
- Coating devices can be so doctoring rods with low Insert diameters (10 mm - 12 mm) driven at the ends, without the torsional forces becoming too large.
- can be disturbing Vibrations of the doctor bar during operation are prevented by the damping of the system is changed by the pressure in the clamping hose.
- the system advantageously has an additional actuator, with the operating behavior with the hose pressure as a manipulated variable positive can be influenced.
- the dosing system shown in the figures is part of a device for Coating a paper or board web 1 with a coating color. It is preferably one so-called roller scraper system, in which the web 1 in the area of Metering system is supported by a counter-roller 2. Likewise, the squeegee metering system be used for indirect dosing, in which a Pre-applied film of coating material is first applied to a roller and then delivered by this to the web. Another Possible use exists in so-called roll doctor systems in which the Track in a free section without support by a roller over the Doctor rod is guided.
- the doctor metering system contains a metering element as a doctor bar 3, the a doctor bed 4 partially open to the web 1 by means of a rotary drive is rotatably mounted.
- the lateral surface of the doctor bar 3 is either smooth or provided with circumferential grooves. Its diameter is 6mm - 25 mm. preferred Diameter are 9.75 mm, 10.00 mm, 12.00 mm, 12.7 mm, 13.65 mm, 15.00 mm, 15.87 mm and 16.00 mm.
- the axial length of the doctor bar 3 corresponds to the Working width of the coating device, which can be up to 10 m.
- the squeegee rod is made of stainless steel and its outer surface is wear-resistant coated, for example, chrome-plated or with ceramic coated.
- the doctor bed 4 is preferably made of an at least limited elastic Material made. In one embodiment, it is made of an elastomer (Rubber or plastic), preferably made of polyurethane. The hardness of the Material from which the doctor bed 4 is made is then 50 Shore A to 65 Shore D, preferably between 85 Shore A and 95 Shore A. The material is thus relatively elastic, so that the bed 4 sealingly against the doctor rod. 3 can create to prevent penetration of coating color in the bed 4. On known manner, the doctor bed 4, a groove 18, in which the doctor rod. 3 is inserted, wherein the doctor bed 4, the doctor bar 3 in an angular range of at least 180 °, so that the doctor bar 3 is held securely.
- Rubber or plastic preferably made of polyurethane.
- the hardness of the Material from which the doctor bed 4 is made is then 50 Shore A to 65 Shore D, preferably between 85 Shore A and 95 Shore A.
- the material is thus relatively elastic, so that the bed 4 sealingly against the doctor rod. 3 can create to prevent penetration of coating color in the bed
- doctor bed 4 made of polyethylene.
- the Machining to the required dimensional accuracy then takes place in a cutting Method, in particular by milling.
- the ratio of the cross-sectional area (measured in mm 2 ) of the doctor bed (4) to the diameter (measured in mm) of the doctor bar (3) is less than 60 mm, preferably less than 30 mm.
- the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the doctor bed (4) to the diameter of the doctor bar (3) is preferably 10 mm to 25 mm.
- the doctor bed 4 is above the working width of the coating device, so the length of the doctor bar 3 configured with a constant cross-section.
- at least one to the squeegee rod 3 towards open channel 5 is incorporated, is introduced into the water during operation as a lubricant and cleaning agent.
- the doctor bed 4 is in an open towards the web 1 groove 18 of a holder. 6 removably inserted, as shown particularly clearly in Figure 3.
- the Cross-sectional area of the groove 18 is adapted to the outer contour of the doctor bed 4, so that it is securely held by friction or positive locking.
- Prefers becomes the opening of the groove 18 of the holder 6 of at least one projection 19, preferably of two projections 19, limited, and the doctor bed 4 has a corresponding number (in the embodiments two) adapted shaped Broadening 20, which is the insertion of the doctor bed 4 in the holder. 6 be moved behind the projection 19 or the projections 19, so that the Doctor bed 4 after insertion into the holder 6 positively in this is clamped.
- the holder 6 is made of a plastic material, such as polyethylene or Polyurethane made.
- the hardness of the material is 50 Shore A to 65 Shore D. He is like a clip with at least one backwards extending clip legs 13, and a hinge point 15 designed.
- the the Doctor bed 4 receiving retaining groove 18 forms the clamp mouth. At the back of the holder 6 is on a staple leg 13, a groove walls of the retaining groove 18 pressing against each other clamping tube 16 arranged with compressed air can be acted upon.
- the holder 6 with two to the rear extending clip legs 13, 14 designed.
- the clamping tube 16 is arranged between the two clip legs 13,14.
- the holder 6 contains only one Clamp leg 13.
- the clamping tube 16 is supported on the main part of the Holder 6, in which the groove 18 is incorporated, He presses the staple leg 13 for clamping the doctor bed 3 upwards and thus the upper groove wall of Garrnut 18 down.
- the radial to the doctor bar 3 in the direction of Klemmschlauch 16 measured thickness of the holder 6 at the vulnerability - in Figure 1, the distance between the slot 17 and the doctor bed 4 - is 0.5 mm to 10 mm, preferably 1 mm to 3 mm. This ensures a sufficient Elasticity of the staple legs 13,14.
- the holder 6 is in a known manner with his foot 8 on a support beam 7 as Part of the frame of the dosing releasably attached.
- the holder 6 is provided with a rotatable clamping element 9 clamped across the working width of the coating apparatus extending in an open towards the foot 8 groove of an angled bearing part 10th is arranged, which is bolted to the support beam 7.
- the foot 8 widens a fastening part 21, which by means of screws 22 on the support beam. 7 is screwed.
- the pressure hose 12 is on top of vertical part of the bearing part 10 fixed, in the embodiment of FIG 2 and 3 at the back of the holder. 6
- the doctor bed 4 with the inserted doctor bar 3 is at standstill in the groove 18 of the holder 6 used while the clamping tube 16 is depressurized.
- the staple leg 13 is biased so that the groove 18 automatically opens without pressure in the clamping tube 16 something.
- Inserting the doctor bed 4 compressed air is introduced into the clamping tube 16.
- the pressure will be like this chosen that on the one hand a secure hold of the bed 4 and the rod. 3 is guaranteed, on the other hand, the friction of the doctor bar 3 sufficiently low is. If vibrations occur during operation, the pressure for damping is varied.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
- Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
Claims (11)
- Système de dosage à racle pour un dispositif de revêtement de bandes de matière (1), en particulier de bandes de papier ou de carton, avec une barre de racle (3) comme élément de dosage, qui est maintenue dans une rainure d'un sommier de racle (4) qui est placé dans un support (6) à fixer dans le bâti du système,
caractérisé en ce quela barre de racle (3) présente un diamètre de moins de 25 mm,le sommier de racle (4) est inséré de façon amovible dans une rainure (18) du support (6) dans la face avant de celui-ci, le rapport entre la surface de la section transversale du sommier de racle (4) (mesurée en mm2) et le diamètre de la barre de racle (3) (mesuré en mm) étant inférieur à 60 mm, de préférence inférieur à 30 mm,le support (6) est fabriqué en une matière plastique et est configuré à la manière d'une pince avec au moins une branche de pince (13, 14) s'étendant vers l'arrière et une zone d'articulation (15), la rainure (18) du support recevant le sommier de racle (4) formant l'ouverture de la pince, etun tuyau de pinçage (16) pressant les parois de rainure de la rainure du support (18) l'une contre l'autre est disposé sur une branche (13) de la pince. - Système de dosage à racle selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un tuyau de pression (12) prenant appui sur le cadre du système et pressant le support (6) en direction du sommier de racle (4) est disposé sur la face arrière du support (6).
- Système de dosage à racle selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le rapport entre la surface de la section transversale (mesurée en mm2) du sommier de racle (4) et le diamètre (mesuré en mm) de la barre de racle (3) vaut de 10 mm à 25 mm.
- Système de dosage à racle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre de la barre de racle (3) est inférieur ou égal à 16 mm et la surface de la section transversale du sommier de racle (4) vaut de 100 mm2 à 400 mm2.
- Système de dosage à racle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture de la rainure (18) du support (6) est limitée par au moins une saillie (19), de préférence par deux saillies (19), et le sommier de racle (4) présente un nombre correspondant d'élargissements (20), qui se déplacent derrière la saillie (19) ou les saillies (19) lors de l'introduction du sommier de racle (4) dans le support (6).
- Système de dosage à racle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le sommier de racle (4) entoure une barre de racle insérée (3) sur au moins 180°.
- Système de dosage à racle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le sommier de racle (4) et/ou le support (6) est fabriqué à partir d'un élastomère, de préférence de polyuréthane, avec une dureté comprise entre 50 Shore A et 65 Shore D.
- Système de dosage à racle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le sommier de racle (4) et/ou le support (6) est fabriqué en polyéthylène, qui a été usiné par enlèvement de copeaux.
- Système de dosage à racle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le sommier de racle est fabriqué en un matériau élastique.
- Système de dosage à racle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la zone d'articulation (15) est formée par une région du support (6) entre le tuyau de pinçage (16) et la rainure de support (18) sous la forme d'une zone affaiblie d'épaisseur réduite.
- Système de dosage à racle selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur du support (6) mesurée radialement à la barre de racle (3) en direction du tuyau de pinçage (16) vaut dans la zone affaiblie de 0,5 mm à 10 mm, de préférence de 1 mm à 3 mm.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10211302 | 2002-03-13 | ||
DE10211302 | 2002-03-13 | ||
PCT/DE2003/000738 WO2003078077A1 (fr) | 2002-03-13 | 2003-03-07 | Systeme de dosage a racle |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1485209A1 EP1485209A1 (fr) | 2004-12-15 |
EP1485209B1 true EP1485209B1 (fr) | 2005-08-03 |
Family
ID=27815644
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03720149A Expired - Lifetime EP1485209B1 (fr) | 2002-03-13 | 2003-03-07 | Systeme de dosage a racle |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6911085B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1485209B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4376633B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR100977822B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1325175C (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE301006T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2003223848A1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE10390987D2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2003078077A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010142513A1 (fr) * | 2009-06-08 | 2010-12-16 | Metso Paper, Inc. | Ensemble socle de tige |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005033407A1 (fr) * | 2003-10-09 | 2005-04-14 | Btg Umv Coating Systems Aktiebolag | Support pour berceau de barrette tournante |
FI119390B (fi) | 2003-12-22 | 2008-10-31 | Metso Paper Inc | Sauvakehto filmi-, päällystys- tai patosauvaa varten |
SE526497C2 (sv) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-09-27 | Akeboose Internat Ab | Rakelbladssystem, rakelbladinspänningsanordning,kammarrakelsystem, tryckverk, förförande för att inspänna ett rakelblad och förfarande för att ansluta en inspänningsdel hos en kammarrakel |
DE102004029565A1 (de) * | 2004-06-18 | 2006-01-05 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Rakelvorrichtung |
DE102005029613A1 (de) * | 2005-06-23 | 2007-01-04 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Dosierung und/oder Egalisierung |
SE531394C2 (sv) | 2005-08-30 | 2009-03-17 | Mattssonfoeretagen I Uddevalla Ab | Anordning och metod för bestrykning |
WO2007063183A1 (fr) | 2005-12-02 | 2007-06-07 | Metso Paper, Inc. | Palier d’axe, insert à utiliser dans un palier d’axe et procédé pour introduire un axe dans un palier d’axe |
US20070214984A1 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2007-09-20 | Alfano James P | Rod holder device |
DE102009061033B4 (de) | 2009-06-08 | 2021-11-11 | Valmet Technologies, Inc. | Rakeleinrichtung |
EP2341185A1 (fr) | 2009-12-22 | 2011-07-06 | Btg Ipi, Llc | Dispositif de mesure et unité de support, support, unité d'insert et insert pour un tel dispositif de mesure |
US9044769B2 (en) | 2011-08-15 | 2015-06-02 | Buschman Corporation | Apparatus for coating a product and a system for indexing the product to be coated |
DE102011112956A1 (de) | 2011-09-13 | 2013-03-14 | Horst Sprenger Gmbh | Rakel-Dosiersystem |
CN104582862A (zh) * | 2012-06-11 | 2015-04-29 | Btgipi有限公司 | 用于计量装置的插入件和保持架 |
US9869061B2 (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2018-01-16 | Buschman Corporation | Hinge/taper clamp rod holder insert |
US10465342B2 (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2019-11-05 | Buschman Corporation | Hinge/taper clamp rod holder insert |
EP2712960B1 (fr) | 2012-09-27 | 2018-08-22 | Valmet Technologies, Inc. | Ensemble tige d'ancrage |
EP2808092A1 (fr) | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-03 | Valmet Technologies, Inc. | Ensemble d'ancrage pour rouleau |
EP2813617B1 (fr) * | 2013-06-14 | 2016-08-31 | Valmet Technologies, Inc. | Dispositif de couchage ou collage pour appliquer une substance de traitement sur une bande de fibres |
ITVE20130038A1 (it) * | 2013-07-22 | 2015-01-23 | Giorgio Trani | Macchina e metodo per realizzare un nastro di materiale fibroso ad elevate estensibilita' longitudinale e trasveresale. |
FI11603U1 (fi) | 2017-03-02 | 2017-03-31 | Valmet Technologies Oy | Sauvakehto |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3022955C2 (de) | 1980-06-19 | 1982-12-16 | Jagenberg-Werke AG, 4000 Düsseldorf | Vorrichtung zum Regeln der Auftragsstärke beim Beschichten laufender Materialbahnen |
FI111477B (fi) * | 1999-04-20 | 2003-07-31 | Metso Paper Inc | Päällystyslaite |
DE10045515B4 (de) | 2000-09-13 | 2011-02-10 | Horst Sprenger Gmbh | Rakel-Dosiersystem |
-
2003
- 2003-03-07 JP JP2003576121A patent/JP4376633B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-07 DE DE10390987T patent/DE10390987D2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-07 CN CNB038006138A patent/CN1325175C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-07 US US10/489,271 patent/US6911085B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-07 AT AT03720149T patent/ATE301006T1/de active
- 2003-03-07 WO PCT/DE2003/000738 patent/WO2003078077A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2003-03-07 AU AU2003223848A patent/AU2003223848A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-03-07 EP EP03720149A patent/EP1485209B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-07 KR KR1020047000731A patent/KR100977822B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2003-03-07 DE DE50300916T patent/DE50300916D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010142513A1 (fr) * | 2009-06-08 | 2010-12-16 | Metso Paper, Inc. | Ensemble socle de tige |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20050014784A (ko) | 2005-02-07 |
CN1325175C (zh) | 2007-07-11 |
CN1524018A (zh) | 2004-08-25 |
US6911085B2 (en) | 2005-06-28 |
WO2003078077A1 (fr) | 2003-09-25 |
ATE301006T1 (de) | 2005-08-15 |
JP2005519753A (ja) | 2005-07-07 |
DE50300916D1 (de) | 2005-09-08 |
JP4376633B2 (ja) | 2009-12-02 |
US20050039676A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
DE10390987D2 (de) | 2005-01-27 |
KR100977822B1 (ko) | 2010-08-25 |
AU2003223848A1 (en) | 2003-09-29 |
EP1485209A1 (fr) | 2004-12-15 |
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