EP1485209B1 - Doctor blade dosing system - Google Patents
Doctor blade dosing system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1485209B1 EP1485209B1 EP03720149A EP03720149A EP1485209B1 EP 1485209 B1 EP1485209 B1 EP 1485209B1 EP 03720149 A EP03720149 A EP 03720149A EP 03720149 A EP03720149 A EP 03720149A EP 1485209 B1 EP1485209 B1 EP 1485209B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- doctor
- holder
- bed
- metering
- groove
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
- B05C11/02—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface ; Controlling means therefor; Control of the thickness of a coating by spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to the coated surface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
- B05C11/02—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface ; Controlling means therefor; Control of the thickness of a coating by spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to the coated surface
- B05C11/023—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface
- B05C11/025—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface with an essentially cylindrical body, e.g. roll or rod
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
- D21H25/08—Rearranging applied substances, e.g. metering, smoothing; Removing excess material
- D21H25/12—Rearranging applied substances, e.g. metering, smoothing; Removing excess material with an essentially cylindrical body, e.g. roll or rod
Definitions
- the invention relates to a doctor metering system for a device for Coating a material web, in particular paper or board web, with a Doctor rod (3) as a metering element, which held in a groove of a doctor bed (4) is mounted in a fixable in the context of the system holder (6),
- the application system for application a liquid coating material in excess and a subsequent Have metering with a doctor rod as dosing, the Excess of coating material down to the desired coating weight scrape off again.
- the application and dosing takes place either directly on the web or indirectly first to a web deflecting roller, which subsequently passes the metered film of coating material to the web.
- a doctor metering system of the generic type is described in DE-A 3022955 described.
- the squeegee rod is made of rubber-elastic in a squeegee bed Material held in one with the machine frame standing holder is stored.
- the squeegee bed is supported by a pressure hose, so that the thickness of the metered film on the roller or the web limited by the pressure in the Pressure hose varies.
- In the squeegee bed are two parallel to the squeegee bar extending and the squeegee rod open Spülkanäle arranged in the one Rinsing liquid, e.g.
- roller scraper systems in which the doctor bed of a Pressure hose is supported, are referred to as roller scraper systems. She are used for direct dosing on the web in an area where this is supported by a counter-roller. There are also so-called roll doctor systems known in which the web in a free-running area around the Doctor rod is guided. In these systems, the doctor bed is without Pressure hose attached in a rigid holder.
- the squeegee bars are usually made of steel with a diameter between 6 mm - 40 mm made.
- Pigmentstreichmaschine very are abrasive, it is known to increase the wear resistance Coat the squeegee bars on their surface with wear-resistant materials.
- squeegee bars with a smooth outer surface or Doctor blades with circumferential grooves used.
- the lateral surface turns in operation a small gap to be coated Path through which the coating material in the desired amount passes.
- Squeegee bars with circumferential grooves are located at the dosing on the web or Roll on. The remaining coating weight is primarily due to the groove cross section determined by which the coating material can pass.
- the known Doctor beds are made with exact dimensions. Since the squeegee beds a relative have large cross-section, they are required to reach the required Dimensional accuracy produced in a casting process and / or the required Dimensional accuracy is achieved by machining. The production is thus both material and ferramentintensive.
- the rotating doctor blade during operation causes considerable wear the doctor bed.
- the material- and production-intensive doctor beds must therefore be exchanged at regular intervals.
- the exchange causes significant costs.
- the roll doctor metering system according to the German Patent Application 10045515 a holder with a groove into which the doctor bed can be used with the inserted doctor rod.
- the squeegee bed is as run as small as possible wearing part.
- the invention is therefore based on the object, a doctor metering system according to the DE 10045515 to improve so that the doctor bed with inserted doctor rod can be easily replaced.
- the doctor bed is as small as possible wearing part executed, it therefore requires less material than the known doctor beds.
- the holder is not a wearing part. He can thus more expensive, for example by cutting Processing, to be produced. It can be designed to be universal can be used and different squeegee for Rakelstangen with can accommodate different diameters.
- the Division of the system for holding the doctor bar in two parts, namely doctor bed and Halter the use of different material combinations to the Improve operating behavior of the dosing system. So can the squeegee bed particularly elastic for improved sealing behavior over the Squeegee and particularly wear-resistant while the holder made of a harder material, hence its increased rigidity Prevents vibrations of the dosing system.
- the design of the holder in the manner of a clip with a pressure hose, the against a staple leg and so the groove walls of the holding against each other presses, allows the groove of the holder for a change of the doctor bed to to relax by lowering the pressure in the clamping hose.
- the Dosing system is the clamping tube under pressure to the doctor bed with the to hold in place inserted doctor rod.
- the inventive design of the metering system has the further advantage that can be regulated by the pressure in the clamping tube, the voltage with the squeegee rod is held in the squeegee bed.
- the voltage dependent Friction of the doctor rod during its rotation in the doctor bed can thus be on set the lowest possible values.
- Coating devices can be so doctoring rods with low Insert diameters (10 mm - 12 mm) driven at the ends, without the torsional forces becoming too large.
- can be disturbing Vibrations of the doctor bar during operation are prevented by the damping of the system is changed by the pressure in the clamping hose.
- the system advantageously has an additional actuator, with the operating behavior with the hose pressure as a manipulated variable positive can be influenced.
- the dosing system shown in the figures is part of a device for Coating a paper or board web 1 with a coating color. It is preferably one so-called roller scraper system, in which the web 1 in the area of Metering system is supported by a counter-roller 2. Likewise, the squeegee metering system be used for indirect dosing, in which a Pre-applied film of coating material is first applied to a roller and then delivered by this to the web. Another Possible use exists in so-called roll doctor systems in which the Track in a free section without support by a roller over the Doctor rod is guided.
- the doctor metering system contains a metering element as a doctor bar 3, the a doctor bed 4 partially open to the web 1 by means of a rotary drive is rotatably mounted.
- the lateral surface of the doctor bar 3 is either smooth or provided with circumferential grooves. Its diameter is 6mm - 25 mm. preferred Diameter are 9.75 mm, 10.00 mm, 12.00 mm, 12.7 mm, 13.65 mm, 15.00 mm, 15.87 mm and 16.00 mm.
- the axial length of the doctor bar 3 corresponds to the Working width of the coating device, which can be up to 10 m.
- the squeegee rod is made of stainless steel and its outer surface is wear-resistant coated, for example, chrome-plated or with ceramic coated.
- the doctor bed 4 is preferably made of an at least limited elastic Material made. In one embodiment, it is made of an elastomer (Rubber or plastic), preferably made of polyurethane. The hardness of the Material from which the doctor bed 4 is made is then 50 Shore A to 65 Shore D, preferably between 85 Shore A and 95 Shore A. The material is thus relatively elastic, so that the bed 4 sealingly against the doctor rod. 3 can create to prevent penetration of coating color in the bed 4. On known manner, the doctor bed 4, a groove 18, in which the doctor rod. 3 is inserted, wherein the doctor bed 4, the doctor bar 3 in an angular range of at least 180 °, so that the doctor bar 3 is held securely.
- Rubber or plastic preferably made of polyurethane.
- the hardness of the Material from which the doctor bed 4 is made is then 50 Shore A to 65 Shore D, preferably between 85 Shore A and 95 Shore A.
- the material is thus relatively elastic, so that the bed 4 sealingly against the doctor rod. 3 can create to prevent penetration of coating color in the bed
- doctor bed 4 made of polyethylene.
- the Machining to the required dimensional accuracy then takes place in a cutting Method, in particular by milling.
- the ratio of the cross-sectional area (measured in mm 2 ) of the doctor bed (4) to the diameter (measured in mm) of the doctor bar (3) is less than 60 mm, preferably less than 30 mm.
- the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the doctor bed (4) to the diameter of the doctor bar (3) is preferably 10 mm to 25 mm.
- the doctor bed 4 is above the working width of the coating device, so the length of the doctor bar 3 configured with a constant cross-section.
- at least one to the squeegee rod 3 towards open channel 5 is incorporated, is introduced into the water during operation as a lubricant and cleaning agent.
- the doctor bed 4 is in an open towards the web 1 groove 18 of a holder. 6 removably inserted, as shown particularly clearly in Figure 3.
- the Cross-sectional area of the groove 18 is adapted to the outer contour of the doctor bed 4, so that it is securely held by friction or positive locking.
- Prefers becomes the opening of the groove 18 of the holder 6 of at least one projection 19, preferably of two projections 19, limited, and the doctor bed 4 has a corresponding number (in the embodiments two) adapted shaped Broadening 20, which is the insertion of the doctor bed 4 in the holder. 6 be moved behind the projection 19 or the projections 19, so that the Doctor bed 4 after insertion into the holder 6 positively in this is clamped.
- the holder 6 is made of a plastic material, such as polyethylene or Polyurethane made.
- the hardness of the material is 50 Shore A to 65 Shore D. He is like a clip with at least one backwards extending clip legs 13, and a hinge point 15 designed.
- the the Doctor bed 4 receiving retaining groove 18 forms the clamp mouth. At the back of the holder 6 is on a staple leg 13, a groove walls of the retaining groove 18 pressing against each other clamping tube 16 arranged with compressed air can be acted upon.
- the holder 6 with two to the rear extending clip legs 13, 14 designed.
- the clamping tube 16 is arranged between the two clip legs 13,14.
- the holder 6 contains only one Clamp leg 13.
- the clamping tube 16 is supported on the main part of the Holder 6, in which the groove 18 is incorporated, He presses the staple leg 13 for clamping the doctor bed 3 upwards and thus the upper groove wall of Garrnut 18 down.
- the radial to the doctor bar 3 in the direction of Klemmschlauch 16 measured thickness of the holder 6 at the vulnerability - in Figure 1, the distance between the slot 17 and the doctor bed 4 - is 0.5 mm to 10 mm, preferably 1 mm to 3 mm. This ensures a sufficient Elasticity of the staple legs 13,14.
- the holder 6 is in a known manner with his foot 8 on a support beam 7 as Part of the frame of the dosing releasably attached.
- the holder 6 is provided with a rotatable clamping element 9 clamped across the working width of the coating apparatus extending in an open towards the foot 8 groove of an angled bearing part 10th is arranged, which is bolted to the support beam 7.
- the foot 8 widens a fastening part 21, which by means of screws 22 on the support beam. 7 is screwed.
- the pressure hose 12 is on top of vertical part of the bearing part 10 fixed, in the embodiment of FIG 2 and 3 at the back of the holder. 6
- the doctor bed 4 with the inserted doctor bar 3 is at standstill in the groove 18 of the holder 6 used while the clamping tube 16 is depressurized.
- the staple leg 13 is biased so that the groove 18 automatically opens without pressure in the clamping tube 16 something.
- Inserting the doctor bed 4 compressed air is introduced into the clamping tube 16.
- the pressure will be like this chosen that on the one hand a secure hold of the bed 4 and the rod. 3 is guaranteed, on the other hand, the friction of the doctor bar 3 sufficiently low is. If vibrations occur during operation, the pressure for damping is varied.
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- Paper (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
- Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
- Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Rakel-Dosiersystem für eine Vorrichtung zum Beschichten einer Materialbahn, insbesondere Papier- oder Kartonbahn, mit einer Rakelstange (3) als Dosierelement, die in einer Nut eines Rakelbettes (4) gehalten wird, das in einem im Rahmen des Systems befestigbaren Halter (6) gelagert ist,The invention relates to a doctor metering system for a device for Coating a material web, in particular paper or board web, with a Doctor rod (3) as a metering element, which held in a groove of a doctor bed (4) is mounted in a fixable in the context of the system holder (6),
Zum Beschichten von laufenden Papier- oder Kartonbahnen werden bekannterweise Vorrichtungen eingesetzt, die ein Auftragssystem zum Auftragen eines flüssigen Beschichtungsmaterials im Überschuss und ein nachfolgendes Dosiersystem mit einer Rakelstange als Dosierelement aufweisen, die den Überschuss an Beschichtungsmaterial bis auf das gewünschte Strichgewicht wieder abrakelt. Das Auftragen und Dosieren erfolgt entweder direkt auf die Bahn oder indirekt zunächst auf eine die Bahn umlenkende Walze, die anschließend den dosierten Film von Beschichtungsmaterial an die Bahn übergibt.To coat running paper or board webs known devices used, the application system for application a liquid coating material in excess and a subsequent Have metering with a doctor rod as dosing, the Excess of coating material down to the desired coating weight scrape off again. The application and dosing takes place either directly on the web or indirectly first to a web deflecting roller, which subsequently passes the metered film of coating material to the web.
Ein Rakel-Dosiersystem der gattungsgemäßen Art ist in der DE-A 3022955 beschrieben. Die Rakelstange wird in einem Rakelbett aus gummielastischem Material gehalten, das in einem mit dem Maschinengestell in Verbindung stehenden Halter gelagert ist. An seiner der Rakelstange abgewandten Rückseite wird das Rakelbett von einem Druckschlauch abgestützt, so dass sich die Dicke des dosierten Films auf der Walze oder der Bahn begrenzt über den Druck im Druckschlauch variieren läßt. Im Rakelbett sind zwei parallel zur Rakelstange verlaufende und zur Rakelstange hin offene Spülkanäle angeordnet, in die eine Spülflüssigkeit, z.B. Wasser, eingeleitet werden kann, um die Lagerung der Rakelstange zu schmieren und eingedrungenes Beschichtungsmaterial zu entfernen. Derartige Rakel-Dosiersysteme, bei denen das Rakelbett von einem Druckschlauch abgestützt wird, werden als Rollschaber-Systeme bezeichnet. Sie werden zum direkten Dosieren auf der Bahn in einem Bereich eingesetzt, in dem diese von einer Gegenwalze abgestützt wird. Es sind auch sogenannte Rollrakel-Systeme bekannt, bei denen die Bahn in einem freilaufenden Bereich um die Rakelstange geführt wird. Bei diesen Systemen ist das Rakelbett ohne Druckschlauch in einem starren Halter befestigt.A doctor metering system of the generic type is described in DE-A 3022955 described. The squeegee rod is made of rubber-elastic in a squeegee bed Material held in one with the machine frame standing holder is stored. At the back of the squeegee bar The squeegee bed is supported by a pressure hose, so that the thickness of the metered film on the roller or the web limited by the pressure in the Pressure hose varies. In the squeegee bed are two parallel to the squeegee bar extending and the squeegee rod open Spülkanäle arranged in the one Rinsing liquid, e.g. Water, can be introduced to the storage of To lubricate doctor bar and penetrated coating material remove. Such doctor metering systems, in which the doctor bed of a Pressure hose is supported, are referred to as roller scraper systems. she are used for direct dosing on the web in an area where this is supported by a counter-roller. There are also so-called roll doctor systems known in which the web in a free-running area around the Doctor rod is guided. In these systems, the doctor bed is without Pressure hose attached in a rigid holder.
Die Rakelstangen sind üblicherweise aus Stahl mit einem Durchmesser zwischen 6 mm - 40 mm gefertigt. Da die beim Beschichten von Papier- oder Kartonbahnen üblicherweise als Beschichtungsmaterial verwendeten Pigmentstreichfarben sehr abrasiv sind, ist es zur Erhöhung der Verschleißfestigkeit bekannt, die Rakelstangen an ihrer Oberfläche mit verschleißfesten Materialien zu beschichten. Je nach Anwendungsfall werden Rakelstangen mit glatter Mantelfläche oder Rakelstangen mit Umfangsrillen eingesetzt. Bei Rakelstangen mit glatter Mantelfläche stellt sich im Betrieb ein geringer Spalt zu der zu beschichtenden Bahn ein, durch den das Beschichtungsmaterial in der gewünschten Menge durchtritt. Rakelstangen mit Umfangsrillen liegen beim Dosieren an der Bahn oder Walze an. Das verbleibende Strichgewicht wird primär durch den Rillenquerschnitt bestimmt, durch den das Beschichtungsmaterial durchtreten kann.The squeegee bars are usually made of steel with a diameter between 6 mm - 40 mm made. As for the coating of paper or cardboard webs usually used as coating material Pigmentstreichfarben very are abrasive, it is known to increase the wear resistance Coat the squeegee bars on their surface with wear-resistant materials. Depending on the application, squeegee bars with a smooth outer surface or Doctor blades with circumferential grooves used. With squeegee bars with smoother The lateral surface turns in operation a small gap to be coated Path through which the coating material in the desired amount passes. Squeegee bars with circumferential grooves are located at the dosing on the web or Roll on. The remaining coating weight is primarily due to the groove cross section determined by which the coating material can pass.
Um die Rakelstange sicher in der Nut zu halten, müssen die bekannten Rakelbetten mit exakten Maßen gefertigt werden. Da die Rakelbetten einen relativ großen Querschnitt aufweisen, werden sie zum Erreichen der erforderlichen Maßgenauigkeit in einem Gießverfahren hergestellt und/oder die geforderte Maßgenauigkeit wird durch spanende Bearbeitung erreicht. Die Herstellung ist somit sowohl material- als auch ferrigungsintensiv.To keep the doctor rod safely in the groove, the known Doctor beds are made with exact dimensions. Since the squeegee beds a relative have large cross-section, they are required to reach the required Dimensional accuracy produced in a casting process and / or the required Dimensional accuracy is achieved by machining. The production is thus both material and ferramentintensive.
Die sich im Betrieb drehende Rakelstange bewirkt einen erheblichen Verschleiß des Rakelbettes. Die material- und fertigungsintensiven Rakelbetten müssen daher in regelmäßigen Intervallen ausgetauscht werden. Der Austausch verursacht erhebliche Kosten. Um die durch den Verschleiß bedingten Ersatzkosten zu verringern, ohne dass die Qualität der Beschichtung beeinträchtigt wird, weist das Rollrakel-Dosiersystem nach der deutschen Patentanmeldung 10045515 einen Halter mit einer Nut auf, in die das Rakelbett mit der eingelegten Rakelstange eingesetzt werden kann. Das Rakelbett ist als möglichst kleines Verschleißteil ausgeführt.The rotating doctor blade during operation causes considerable wear the doctor bed. The material- and production-intensive doctor beds must therefore be exchanged at regular intervals. The exchange causes significant costs. To those caused by the wear Reduce replacement costs without affecting the quality of the coating is affected, the roll doctor metering system according to the German Patent Application 10045515 a holder with a groove into which the doctor bed can be used with the inserted doctor rod. The squeegee bed is as run as small as possible wearing part.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Rakel-Dosiersystem nach der DE 10045515 so zu verbessern, dass das Rakelbett mit eingelegter Rakelstange einfach ausgewechselt werden kann.The invention is therefore based on the object, a doctor metering system according to the DE 10045515 to improve so that the doctor bed with inserted doctor rod can be easily replaced.
Diese Aufgabe wird nach der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, dass
- dass die Rakelstange einen Durchmesser von weniger als 25 mm aufweist,
- das Rakelbett in eine Nut des Halters (6) an dessen Vorderseite herausnehmbar eingesetzt ist, wobei das Verhältnis der Querschnittsfläche (in mm2 gemessen) des Rakelbetts zum Durchmesser (in mm gemessen) der Rakelstange weniger als 60 mm, bevorzugt weniger als 30 mm, beträgt,
- der Halter aus einem Kunststoffmaterial gefertigt und nach Art einer Klammer mit zumindest einem sich nach hinten erstreckenden Klammerschenkel und einer Gelenkstelle gestaltet ist, wobei die das Rakelbett aufnehmende Haltemut das Klammermaul bildet und
- an einem Klammerschenkel ein die Nutwände der Haltemut gegeneinander drückender Klemmschlauch angeordnet ist.
- that the doctor bar has a diameter of less than 25 mm,
- the doctor bed is removably inserted into a groove of the holder (6) at the front thereof, the ratio of the cross-sectional area (measured in mm 2 ) of the doctor bed to the diameter (measured in mm) of the doctor bar being less than 60 mm, preferably less than 30 mm, is,
- the holder is made of a plastic material and designed in the manner of a clip with at least one rearwardly extending staple leg and a hinge point, wherein the doctor bed receiving retaining groove forms the staple mouth and
- on a staple leg, the groove walls of the retaining nut against each other oppressive clamping hose is arranged.
Nach der Erfindung wird das Rakelbett als möglichst kleines Verschleißteil ausgeführt, es benötigt somit weniger Material als die bekannten Rakelbetten. Der geringere Materialeinsatz erlaubt auch die Verwendung hochwertiger - also teurer - Werkstoffe, die eine höhere Standzeit beim Beschichten ermöglichen. Der Halter ist kein Verschleißteil. Er kann somit aufwendiger, beispielsweise durch spanende Bearbeitung, hergestellt werden. Er kann so gestaltet werden, dass er universell einsetzbar ist und unterschiedliche Rakelbetten für Rakelstangen mit unterschiedlichem Durchmesser aufnehmen kann. Weiterhin ermöglicht die Aufteilung des Haltesystems für die Rakelstange in zwei Teile, nämlich Rakelbett und Halter, den Einsatz verschiedener Werkstoffkombinationen, um das Betriebsverhalten des Dosiersystems zu verbessern. So kann das Rakelbett besonders elastisch für ein verbessertes Dichtverhalten gegenüber der Rakelstange und besonders verschleißfest gestaltet werden, während der Halter aus einem härteren Material gefertigt ist, damit seine erhöhte Steifigkeit Vibrationen des Dosiersystems verhindert.According to the invention, the doctor bed is as small as possible wearing part executed, it therefore requires less material than the known doctor beds. Of the Lower material usage also allows the use of high quality - ie more expensive - Materials that allow a longer service life during coating. The holder is not a wearing part. He can thus more expensive, for example by cutting Processing, to be produced. It can be designed to be universal can be used and different squeegee for Rakelstangen with can accommodate different diameters. Furthermore, the Division of the system for holding the doctor bar in two parts, namely doctor bed and Halter, the use of different material combinations to the Improve operating behavior of the dosing system. So can the squeegee bed particularly elastic for improved sealing behavior over the Squeegee and particularly wear-resistant while the holder made of a harder material, hence its increased rigidity Prevents vibrations of the dosing system.
Die Gestaltung des Halters nach Art einer Klammer mit einem Druckschlauch, der gegen einen Klammerschenkel und so die Nutwände der Haltemut gegeneinander drückt, ermöglicht es, die Nut des Halters für einen Wechsel des Rakelbettes zu durch eine Druckabsenkung im Klemmschlauch zu entspannen. Beim Betrieb des Dosiersystems steht der Klemmschlauch unter Druck, um das Rakelbett mit der eingelegten Rakelstange festzuhalten.The design of the holder in the manner of a clip with a pressure hose, the against a staple leg and so the groove walls of the holding against each other presses, allows the groove of the holder for a change of the doctor bed to to relax by lowering the pressure in the clamping hose. When operating the Dosing system is the clamping tube under pressure to the doctor bed with the to hold in place inserted doctor rod.
Die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung des Dosiersystems hat den weiteren Vorteil, dass sich über den Druck im Klemmschlauch die Spannung regulieren läßt, mit der die Rakelstange im Rakelbett gehalten wird. Die von der Spannung abhängige Reibung der Rakelstange bei ihrer Drehung im Rakelbett läßt sich somit auf möglichst geringe Werte einstellen. Bei sehr breiten (>10 m) Beschichtungsvorrichtungen lassen sich so Rakelstangen mit geringem Durchmesser (10 mm - 12 mm) einsetzen, die an den Enden angetrieben sind, ohne dass die Torsionskräfte zu groß werden. Weiterhin können störende Vibrationen der Rakelstange beim Betrieb verhindert werden, indem die Dämpfung des Systems über den Druck im Klemmschlauch geändert wird. Mit dem Klemmschlauch weist das System vorteilhaft ein zusätzliches Stellglied auf, mit dem das Betriebsverhalten mit dem Schlauchdruck als Stellgröße positiv beeinflußt werden kann.The inventive design of the metering system has the further advantage that can be regulated by the pressure in the clamping tube, the voltage with the squeegee rod is held in the squeegee bed. The voltage dependent Friction of the doctor rod during its rotation in the doctor bed can thus be on set the lowest possible values. For very wide (> 10 m) Coating devices can be so doctoring rods with low Insert diameters (10 mm - 12 mm) driven at the ends, without the torsional forces becoming too large. Furthermore, can be disturbing Vibrations of the doctor bar during operation are prevented by the damping of the system is changed by the pressure in the clamping hose. With the Terminal hose, the system advantageously has an additional actuator, with the operating behavior with the hose pressure as a manipulated variable positive can be influenced.
Die Unteransprüche enthalten bevorzugte, da besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung. The subclaims contain preferred, since particularly advantageous Embodiments of the invention.
Die Zeichnung dient zur Erläuterung der Erfindung anhand vereinfacht dargestellter Ausführungsbeispiele. Es zeigen
Figur 1 einen Querschnitt durch eine Ausführungsform eines Rakel-Dosiersystems nach der Erfindung,Figur 2 einen Querschnit durch eine andere Ausführungsform undFigur 3 den Wechsel des Rakelbetts bei der Ausführungsform nachFigur 2.
- 1 shows a cross section through an embodiment of a doctor metering system according to the invention,
- Figure 2 shows a cross section through another embodiment and
- 3 shows the change of the doctor bed in the embodiment of Figure 2.
Das in den Figuren dargestellte Dosiersystem ist Teil einer Vorrichtung zum
Beschichten einer Papier- oder Kartonbahn 1 mit Streichfarbe. Es ist bevorzugt ein
sogenanntes Rollschaber-System, bei dem die Bahn 1 im Bereich des
Dosiersystems von einer Gegenwalze 2 abgestützt wird. Ebenso kann das Rakel-Dosiersystem
zum indirekten Dosieren eingesetzt werden, bei dem ein
vordosierter Film von Beschichtungsmaterial zunächst auf eine Walze aufgetragen
und anschließend von dieser an die Bahn abgegeben wird. Eine weitere
Einsatzmöglichkeit besteht bei sogenannten Rollrakel-Systemen, bei denen die
Bahn in einem freien Abschnitt ohne Abstützung durch eine Walze über die
Rakelstange geführt wird.The dosing system shown in the figures is part of a device for
Coating a paper or
In Drehrichtung der Walze 2 vor dem Dosiersystem ist ein bekanntes
Auftragssystem (Düsenauftragwerk, Walzenauftragwerk etc.) angeordnet, von
dem Streichfarbe im Überschuss auf die Bahn 1 aufgetragen wird.In the direction of rotation of the
Das Rakel-Dosiersystem enthält als Dosierelement eine Rakelstange 3, die in
einem zur Bahn 1 hin teilweise offenen Rakelbett 4 mittels eines Drehantriebs
drehbar gelagert ist. Die Mantelfläche der Rakelstange 3 ist entweder glatt oder
mit Umfangsrillen versehen. Ihr Durchmesser beträgt 6mm - 25 mm. Bevorzugte
Durchmesser sind 9,75 mm, 10,00 mm, 12,00 mm, 12,7 mm, 13,65 mm, 15,00
mm, 15,87 mm und 16,00 mm. Die axiale Länge der Rakelstange 3 entspricht der
Arbeitsbreite der Beschichtungsvorrichtung, die bis zu 10 m betragen kann.
Bevorzugt ist die Rakelstange aus Edelstahl gefertigt und ihre Mantelfläche ist
verschleißfest beschichtet, beispielsweise verchromt oder mit Keramik
beschichtet. The doctor metering system contains a metering element as a
Das Rakelbett 4 ist vorzugsweise aus einem zumindest begrenzt elastischen
Material gefertigt. Nach einer Ausführungsform ist es aus einem Elastomer
(Gummi oder Kunststoff) gefertigt, vorzugsweise aus Polyurethan. Die Härte des
Materials aus dem das Rakelbett 4 gefertigt ist, beträgt dann 50 Shore A bis 65
Shore D, vorzugsweise zwischen 85 Shore A und 95 Shore A. Das Material ist
somit relativ elastisch, so dass sich das Bett 4 dichtend an die Rakelstange 3
anlegen kann, um ein Eindringen von Streichfarbe in das Bett 4 zu verhindern. Auf
bekannte Weise weist das Rakelbett 4 eine Nut 18 auf, in die die Rakelstange 3
eingelegt wird, wobei das Rakelbett 4 die Rakelstange 3 in einem Winkelbereich
von zumindest 180° umfaßt, damit die Rakelstange 3 sicher gehalten wird.The
Alternativ ist es auch möglich, das Rakelbett 4 aus Polyäthylen zu fertigen. Die
Bearbeitung auf die geforderte Maßgenauigkeit erfolgt dann in einem spanenden
Verfahren, insbesondere durch Fräsen.Alternatively, it is also possible to produce the
Das Verhältnis der Querschnittsfläche (in mm2 gemessen) des Rakelbetts (4) zum Durchmesser (in mm gemessen) der Rakelstange (3) beträgt weniger als 60 mm, bevorzugt weniger als 30 mm. Bevorzugt beträgt das Verhältnis der Querschnittsfläche des Rakelbetts (4) zum Durchmesser der Rakelstange (3) 10 mm bis 25 mm.The ratio of the cross-sectional area (measured in mm 2 ) of the doctor bed (4) to the diameter (measured in mm) of the doctor bar (3) is less than 60 mm, preferably less than 30 mm. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the doctor bed (4) to the diameter of the doctor bar (3) is preferably 10 mm to 25 mm.
Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich eine Rakelstange mit einem Durchmesser
kleiner/gleich 16 mm gezeigt, die in ein Rakelbett 4 mit einer Querschnittsfläche
von 100 - 400 mm2 eingelegt ist. Das Rakelbett 4 ist Ober die Arbeitsbreite der
Beschichtungsvorrichtung, also die Länge der Rakelstange 3 mit gleichbleibendem
Querschnitt ausgestaltet. In das Rakelbett 4 ist zumindest ein zur Rakelstange 3
hin offener Kanal 5 eingearbeitet, in den während des Betriebes Wasser als
Schmier- und Reinigungsmittel eingeleitet wird.A doctor bar with a diameter smaller than or equal to 16 mm, which is inserted into a
Das Rakelbett 4 ist in einer zur Bahn 1 hin offenen Nut 18 eines Halters 6
herausnehmbar eingesetzt, wie in Figur 3 besonders deutlich dargestellt ist. Die
Querschnittsfläche der Nut 18 ist der äußeren Kontur des Rakelbettes 4 angepaßt,
so dass dieses sicher durch Reib- oder Formschluss gehalten wird. Bevorzugt
wird die Öffnung der Nut 18 des Halters 6 von zumindest einem Vorsprung 19 ,
bevorzugt von zwei Vorsprüngen 19, begrenzt, und das Rakelbett 4 weist eine
entsprechende Anzahl (in den Ausführungsbeispielen zwei) angepaßt geformte
Verbreiterungen 20 auf, die beim Einsetzen des Rakelbettes 4 in den Halter 6
hinter den Vorsprung 19 oder die Vorsprünge 19 bewegt werden, so dass das
Rakelbett 4 nach dem Einsetzen in den Halter 6 formschlüssig in diesem
festgeklemmt ist.The
Der Halter 6 ist aus einem Kunstoffmaterial, beispielsweise aus Polyäthylen oder
Polyurethan gefertigt. Die Härte des Materials beträgt 50 Shore A bis 65 Shore D.
Er ist nach Art einer Klammer mit zumindest einem sich nach hinten
erstreckenden Klammerschenkel 13, und einer Gelenkstelle 15 gestaltet. Die das
Rakelbett 4 aufnehmende Haltemut 18 bildet das Klammermaul. An der Rückseite
des Halters 6 ist an einem Klammerschenkel 13 ein die Nutwände der Haltemut
18 gegeneinander drückender Klemmschlauch 16 angeordnet, der mit Druckluft
beaufschlagbar ist.The
Bei der Ausführungsform nach Figur 1 ist der Halter 6 mit zwei sich nach hinten
erstreckenden Klammerschenkeln 13, 14 gestaltet. Der Klemmschlauch 16 ist
zwischen den beiden Klammerschenkeln 13,14 angeordnet.In the embodiment of Figure 1, the
Bei der Ausführungsform nach den Figuren 2 und 3 enthält der Halter 6 nur einen
Klammerschenkel 13. Der Klemmschlauch 16 stützt sich auf dem Hauptteil des
Halters 6 ab, in den die Nut 18 eingearbeitet ist, Er drückt den Klammerschenkel
13 zum Einspannen des Rakelbetts 3 nach oben und damit die obere Nutwand der
Halternut 18 nach unten.In the embodiment according to Figures 2 and 3, the
Bevorzugt ist als Gelenkstelle 15 ein Bereich des Halters 6 zwischen dem
Klemmschlauch 16 und der Halternut 18 als Schwachstelle mit verminderter Dicke
ausgebildet. Bei der Ausführungsform nach Figur 1 ist dazu ein Schlitz 17 in den
Halter 6 eingearbeitet, der sich vom Bereich des Klemmschlauchs 16 in Richtung
zur Halternut 18 erstreckt. Bei der Ausführungsform nach den Figuren 2 und 3 ist
der Halter 6 im Bereich zwischen der Haltemut 18 und dem Klemmschlauch 16
entsprechend dünn ausgestaltet. Die radial zur Rakelstange 3 in Richtung zum
Klemmschlauch 16 gemessene Dicke des Halters 6 an der Schwachstelle - in
Figur 1 der Abstand zwischen dem Schlitz 17 und dem Rakelbett 4 - beträgt 0,5
mm bis 10 mm, bevorzugt 1 mm bis 3 mm. Dies gewährleistet eine ausreichende
Elastizität der Klammerschenkel 13,14.As a
Der Halter 6 ist auf bekannte Weise mit seinem Fuß 8 an einem Tragbalken 7 als
Teil des Rahmens des Dosiersystems lösbar befestigt. Im Ausführungsbeispiel
nach Figur 1 wird der Halters 6 mit einem drehbaren Klemmelement 9
festgeklemmt, das sich quer über die Arbeitsbreite der Beschichtungsvorrichtung
erstreckend in einer zum Fuß 8 hin offenen Nut eines abgewinkelten Lagerteils 10
angeordnet ist, das auf den Tragbalken 7 festgeschraubt ist. Im
Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 2 und 3 ist verbreitert sich der Fuß 8 zu
einem Befestigungsteil 21 , das mittels Schrauben 22 an dem Tragbalken 7
festgeschraubt ist.The
An der Rückseite des Halters 6 ist ein sich am Rahmen des Systems abstützender
und den Halter 6 in Richtung zum Rakelbett 4 drückender Druckschlauch 12
angeordnet, der sich quer über die Länge des Halters 6 erstreckt. Der
Druckschlauch 12 stützt sich am Rahmen des Systems ab und drückt an der
Rückseite des Halters 6 diesen mit dem Rakelbett 4 und der Rakelstange 3
Richtung zur zu beschichtenden Bahn 1 oder Walze, um den gewünschten
Anpressdruck der Rakelstange 4 gegen die Bahn 1 oder Walze aufzubauen.
Damit dies möglich ist, ist der Fuß 8 des Halters 6 in einem Bereich begrenzt
elastisch gestaltet. In den Ausführungsbeispielen wird die Elastizität durch einen
dünneren Querschnitt zwischen der Befestigungsstelle an dem Lagerteil 10 und
dem Hauptteil mit der Haltemut 18 bewirkt.At the back of the
Bei der Ausführungsform nach Figur 1 ist der Druckschlauch 12 oben am
senkrechten Teil des Lagerteils 10 befestigt, bei der Ausführungsform nach Figur
2 und 3 an der Rückseite des Halters 6. In the embodiment of Figure 1, the
Das Rakelbett 4 mit der eingelegten Rakelstange 3 wird bei Betriebsstillstand in
die Nut 18 des Halters 6 eingesetzt, während der Klemmschlauch 16 drucklos ist.
Wie in Figur 3 dargestellt, ist der Klammerschenkel 13 so vorgespannt, dass sich
die Nut 18 ohne Druck im Klemmschlauch 16 selbsttätig etwas öffnet. Nach dem
Einsetzen des Rakelbetts 4 wird Druckluft in den Klemmschlauch 16 eingeleitet.
Dadurch werden die Nutwände des Halters 6 gegeneinander gedrückt, und das
Rakelbett 4 mit der Rakelstange 3 wird im Halter 6 fixiert. Der Druck wird dabei so
gewählt, daß einerseits ein sicherer Halt des Bettes 4 und der Stange 3
gewährleistet ist, andererseits die Reibung der Rakelstange 3 ausreichend gering
ist. Falls Vibrationen beim Betrieb auftreten, wird der Druck zur Dämpfung variiert.The
Claims (11)
- Doctor metering system for an apparatus for coating material webs (1), in particular paper or board webs, comprising a metering bar (3) as a metering element, which is held in a groove of a doctor bed (4), which is mounted in a holder (6) that can be fixed in the frame of the system,
characterizedin that the metering bar (3) has a diameter of less than 25 mm,the doctor bed (4) is inserted into a groove (18) in the holder (6) such that it can be removed at the front side of the latter, the ratio of the cross-sectional area (measured in mm2) of the doctor bed (4) to the diameter (measured in mm) of the metering bar (3) being less than 60 mm, preferably less than 30 mm,the holder (6) is fabricated from a plastic material and is configured in the manner of a clamp having at least one clamp limb (13, 14) extending rearwards and a hinge point (15), the holder groove (18) that accommodates the doctor bed (4) forming the mouth of the clamp, anda clamping hose (16) that presses the groove walls of the holder groove (18) towards each other being arranged on one clamp limb (13). - Doctor metering system according to Claim 1, characterized in that on the rear of the holder (6) there is arranged a pressure hose (12) which is supported on the frame of the system and presses the holder (6) in the direction of the doctor bed (4).
- Doctor metering system according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ratio of the cross-sectional area (measured in mm2) of the doctor bed (4) to the diameter (measured in mm) of the metering bar (3) is 10 mm to 25 mm.
- Doctor metering system according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the diameter of the metering bar (3) is less than/equal to 16 mm and the cross-sectional area of the doctor bed (4) is 100 mm2 to 400 mm2.
- Doctor metering system according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the opening in the groove (18) of the holder (6) is bounded by at least one protrusion (19), preferably two protrusions (19), and the doctor bed (4) has a corresponding number of widened portions (20) which, when the doctor bed (4) is inserted into the holder (6), are moved behind the protrusion (19) or the protrusions (19).
- Doctor metering system according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the doctor bed (4) embraces an inserted metering bar (3) by at least 180°.
- Doctor metering system according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the doctor bed (4) and/or the holder (6) is/are fabricated from an elastomer, preferably polyurethane, having a hardness between 50 Shore A and 65 Shore D.
- Doctor metering system according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the doctor bed (4) and/or the holder (6) is/are fabricated from polyethylene, which has been machined by removing material.
- Doctor metering system according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the doctor bed is fabricated from a resilient material.
- Doctor metering system according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, as a hinge point (15), a region of the holder (6) between the clamping hose (16) and the holder groove (18) is formed as a weak point with a reduced thickness.
- Doctor metering system according to Claim 10, characterized in that the thickness of the holder (6) at the weak point, measured radially towards the metering bar (3) in the direction of the clamping hose (16), is 0.5 mm to 10 mm, preferably 1 mm to 3 mm.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10211302 | 2002-03-13 | ||
DE10211302 | 2002-03-13 | ||
PCT/DE2003/000738 WO2003078077A1 (en) | 2002-03-13 | 2003-03-07 | Doctor blade dosing system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1485209A1 EP1485209A1 (en) | 2004-12-15 |
EP1485209B1 true EP1485209B1 (en) | 2005-08-03 |
Family
ID=27815644
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03720149A Expired - Lifetime EP1485209B1 (en) | 2002-03-13 | 2003-03-07 | Doctor blade dosing system |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6911085B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1485209B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4376633B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100977822B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1325175C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE301006T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003223848A1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10390987D2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003078077A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010142513A1 (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2010-12-16 | Metso Paper, Inc. | Rod-bed assembly |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005033407A1 (en) * | 2003-10-09 | 2005-04-14 | Btg Umv Coating Systems Aktiebolag | Holder for rod cradle for revolving coating rod |
FI119390B (en) | 2003-12-22 | 2008-10-31 | Metso Paper Inc | The rod cradle for a film, coating or dam |
SE526497C2 (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-09-27 | Akeboose Internat Ab | Razor blade system, razor blade clamping device, chamber rocker system, printing plant, seduction for clamping a razor blade, and method for connecting a clamping part of a chamber razor |
DE102004029565A1 (en) * | 2004-06-18 | 2006-01-05 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | doctor device |
DE102005029613A1 (en) * | 2005-06-23 | 2007-01-04 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Device for metering and / or leveling |
SE531394C2 (en) | 2005-08-30 | 2009-03-17 | Mattssonfoeretagen I Uddevalla Ab | Coating device and method |
US8028648B2 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2011-10-04 | Metso Paper, Inc. | Rod cradle, instert to be used in a rod cradle, and method for inserting a rod in a rod cradle |
US20070214984A1 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2007-09-20 | Alfano James P | Rod holder device |
DE102009061033B4 (en) | 2009-06-08 | 2021-11-11 | Valmet Technologies, Inc. | Squeegee device |
EP2341185A1 (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-07-06 | Btg Ipi, Llc | A metering device as well as a holder unit, a holder, an insert unit and an insert for such a metering device. |
US9044769B2 (en) | 2011-08-15 | 2015-06-02 | Buschman Corporation | Apparatus for coating a product and a system for indexing the product to be coated |
DE102011112956A1 (en) | 2011-09-13 | 2013-03-14 | Horst Sprenger Gmbh | Squeegee metering |
US20150182982A1 (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2015-07-02 | Btg Ipi, Llc | Insert and holder for a metering device |
US10465342B2 (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2019-11-05 | Buschman Corporation | Hinge/taper clamp rod holder insert |
US9869061B2 (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2018-01-16 | Buschman Corporation | Hinge/taper clamp rod holder insert |
EP2712960B1 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2018-08-22 | Valmet Technologies, Inc. | Rod-bed assembly |
EP2808092A1 (en) | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-03 | Valmet Technologies, Inc. | Rod-bed assembly |
EP2813617B1 (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2016-08-31 | Valmet Technologies, Inc. | Coating or sizing device for applying treatment substance on a fiber web |
ITVE20130038A1 (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2015-01-23 | Giorgio Trani | MACHINE AND METHOD TO REALIZE A FIBER MATERIAL TAPE WITH HIGH LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSAL EXTENSIBILITY. |
FI11603U1 (en) | 2017-03-02 | 2017-03-31 | Valmet Technologies Oy | The rod bed |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3022955C2 (en) | 1980-06-19 | 1982-12-16 | Jagenberg-Werke AG, 4000 Düsseldorf | Device for regulating the application thickness when coating moving material webs |
FI111477B (en) | 1999-04-20 | 2003-07-31 | Metso Paper Inc | coating device |
DE10045515B4 (en) | 2000-09-13 | 2011-02-10 | Horst Sprenger Gmbh | Squeegee metering |
-
2003
- 2003-03-07 JP JP2003576121A patent/JP4376633B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-07 KR KR1020047000731A patent/KR100977822B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-03-07 CN CNB038006138A patent/CN1325175C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-07 WO PCT/DE2003/000738 patent/WO2003078077A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-03-07 US US10/489,271 patent/US6911085B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-07 AT AT03720149T patent/ATE301006T1/en active
- 2003-03-07 DE DE10390987T patent/DE10390987D2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-07 EP EP03720149A patent/EP1485209B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-07 AU AU2003223848A patent/AU2003223848A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-03-07 DE DE50300916T patent/DE50300916D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010142513A1 (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2010-12-16 | Metso Paper, Inc. | Rod-bed assembly |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2003223848A1 (en) | 2003-09-29 |
DE10390987D2 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
US20050039676A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
CN1524018A (en) | 2004-08-25 |
KR20050014784A (en) | 2005-02-07 |
CN1325175C (en) | 2007-07-11 |
KR100977822B1 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
JP2005519753A (en) | 2005-07-07 |
DE50300916D1 (en) | 2005-09-08 |
US6911085B2 (en) | 2005-06-28 |
EP1485209A1 (en) | 2004-12-15 |
WO2003078077A1 (en) | 2003-09-25 |
ATE301006T1 (en) | 2005-08-15 |
JP4376633B2 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
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