EP1472890A1 - Verfahren zum überprüfen der funktionssicherheit eines bildsensors sowie vorrichtung mit einem bildsensor - Google Patents
Verfahren zum überprüfen der funktionssicherheit eines bildsensors sowie vorrichtung mit einem bildsensorInfo
- Publication number
- EP1472890A1 EP1472890A1 EP03708070A EP03708070A EP1472890A1 EP 1472890 A1 EP1472890 A1 EP 1472890A1 EP 03708070 A EP03708070 A EP 03708070A EP 03708070 A EP03708070 A EP 03708070A EP 1472890 A1 EP1472890 A1 EP 1472890A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- noise
- dark
- current
- pixels
- pixel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010972 statistical evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001454 recorded image Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N17/00—Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details
- H04N17/002—Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details for television cameras
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/60—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
- H04N25/68—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to defects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/60—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
- H04N25/63—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to dark current
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for checking the functional reliability of an image sensor which has a multiplicity of light-sensitive pixels, gray values being read out from at least one light-sensitive pixel.
- the invention further relates to a device, in particular an electronic camera, with an image sensor which has a multiplicity of light-sensitive image points, further with an output unit which provides gray values of the light-sensitive image points for reading out, and with a monitoring unit for checking the functional reliability of the image sensor, wherein the monitoring unit contains at least one memory for storing reference values.
- Such a method and such a device are known for example from DE 100 17 333 AI.
- the protective device contains an electronic camera with which, for example, the danger zone of an automated machine can be recorded.
- the captured image is evaluated by means of electronic image processing in order to check whether, for example, a person is in the danger area. If necessary, the machine is switched off.
- the object image recorded by the camera is changed to check the functional reliability of the image sensor.
- the changed object image is then compared to a reference image that contains the expected changes. If the changed object image differs from the reference image, it is concluded that the image sensor is malfunctioning.
- a protective device that, among other things, meets the high safety requirements of categories 3 and 4 of the European standard EN 954-1. In particular, it is possible to achieve continuous monitoring of the danger zone and a check of individual pixels.
- the targeted modification of the object image requires mechanical and / or optical components that influence the beam path of the incident light. This makes the known protective device relatively expensive.
- EP 0 902 402 A2 discloses a method and a device for the optical monitoring of a spatial area. To check the functional reliability of this device, a camera with a light emitting diode is dazzled. The image pattern then recorded by the camera is compared with a stored reference pattern.
- this method has the disadvantage that the camera is "blind" while the function test is being carried out, which makes it impossible to monitor the entire time. Besides, this method cannot be reliably checked whether individual pixels or areas of the image sensor used are faulty.
- EP 0 179 252 A2 describes a protective device with a camera which is based on the optical evaluation of color differences.
- An operator to be protected wears clothing that differs in color from the dangerous machine.
- the presence of a color sample is constantly checked.
- the object is further achieved by a device of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which at least one reference noise measure for at least one pixel is stored in the memory and in which the monitoring unit has a noise determination part and a comparator, with the noise determination part being a current noise measure of the gray values of the at least one pixel can be determined, the current noise figure and the reference noise figure being comparable to the comparator, and a functional error being assumed if the current noise figure misses a predetermined criterion with respect to the reference noise figure.
- a basic idea of the present invention is based on the surprising finding that a defective pixel of an image sensor has a different noise behavior than a functional pixel.
- the statistical fluctuations in the gray values of the individual pixels are referred to as noise, which occur even under constant ambient conditions. These statistical fluctuations can be attributed to various causes, including the so-called photon noise, the so-called dark noise and the so-called local noise.
- Photon noise is based on the quantum physical property of light. Clearly, there are signal fluctuations here, because at different times different numbers of "light particles" hit the pixels. Photon noise increases with increasing intensity of the incident light. At high light intensities, the photon noise dominates and the total noise level is then approximately proportional to the root of the light intensity.
- Dark noise describes statistical processes in the conversion of the electromagnetic energy incident on the image sensor into electrical signals. Dark noise is among other things caused by inhomogeneities in charge carrier transport. Furthermore, electronic components integrated in or linked to the image sensor contribute to the noise level. The independence from the light intensity is characteristic of the dark noise. Dark noise, however, depends on the ambient temperature.
- Spatial noise (fixed pattern noise) results from inhomogeneities of the individual pixels of an image sensor. The main reason for this are manufacturing tolerances. Spatial noise has no influence on the noise behavior of a single pixel, it only appears when compared with other pixels.
- the method according to the invention compares the current noise behavior of the pixel to be checked with an expectation that is characterized by the reference noise figure.
- the reference noise figure reflects the noise behavior of an intact pixel.
- the comparison is based on a given criterion instead, which can be, for example, a size comparison or an identity comparison depending on the noise measures defined in the individual case. If the current noise figure for the checked pixel reveals a different noise behavior than is characterized by the reference noise figure, a functional error is assumed.
- the method according to the invention does not require any additional mechanical or optical components which act on the recorded image.
- the method can be carried out solely on the basis of the gray values already present. Accordingly, a device according to the invention can be implemented very inexpensively, in particular in large quantities.
- the method according to the invention enables seamless monitoring, since checking the functional reliability does not require any external test signals.
- the image sensor does not become "blind".
- the current noise figure is determined so that it changes depending on a light intensity
- the reference noise figure is a dark noise figure
- the current noise figure primarily reflects the strength of the photon noise.
- the dark noise figure indicates the noise level of the pixel in the dark. Because the photon noise leads to a light-dependent increase in noise by comparing the sizes of these two noise measures, it is particularly easy to determine whether a pixel has the desired sensitivity to incident light. A functional error is assumed if the current noise figure does not exceed the dark noise figure despite an existing basic brightness. Since the light strikes the image sensor “from the outside”, the entire signal processing chain, which also passes through a recorded image signal, is checked in a single step. This configuration therefore enables the entire image recording path to be checked efficiently and completely.
- the current noise figure is determined by a statistical evaluation of a plurality of gray values read out in succession.
- the preferred determination of the current noise figure here is, however, very simple and inexpensive to implement, since a generic camera often already has a microprocessor or microcontroller with which a statistical evaluation of data can be carried out.
- the device according to the invention therefore does not require any additional measuring means.
- the variance of the gray values of a pixel, the mean deviation of a current gray value from the previous gray value or the difference of the extreme values of all gray values of a pixel within a measurement cycle can serve as the current noise measure.
- the current noise figure and the reference noise figure are determined in the same way.
- the current noise figure and the reference noise figure are compared with one another as a function of a current ambient temperature.
- the current noise figure for the at least one pixel is determined as an absolute value.
- the current noise figure for each pixel is then isolated, that is to say independently of other pixels.
- the preferred measure facilitates the detection of so-called “stuck at” errors, in which the gray values of a pixel "stick” to a constant value regardless of the incidence of light.
- the variance or the average deviation of a current gray value from its predecessor value is preferably used here as the absolute value.
- the current noise figure and the reference noise figure are compared with respect to identical picture elements.
- the current noise figure is determined by a ratio of the gray values of at least two different pixels.
- the noise figure used reflects the characteristic behavior of at least two separate pixels. This enables easy detection of cross correlations. For example, the mean value of the difference in amount between simultaneous gray values of the two pixels can be used here as a noise measure. If, despite an existing basic brightness, this noise figure is less than or equal to the dark noise, the pixels are not independent of one another, i.e. there is an incorrect coupling.
- the current noise figure is formed from the ratio of the gray values of spatially adjacent pixels.
- the search for faulty couplings is specifically focused on pixels where coupling is likely to occur.
- the measure can reduce the data processing effort and accelerate the implementation of the method.
- the current noise figure and the reference noise figure are compared with respect to individual pixels.
- the image sensor is checked with pixel accuracy, which enables the detection of the smallest errors. This ensures a particularly high functional reliability of the image sensor.
- the current noise figure and the reference noise figure are compared with respect to groups of pixels.
- the image sensor is no longer checked individually for each pixel, but only in areas.
- an average gray value is also determined from the at least one light-sensitive pixel and the step of comparing is carried out as a function of the average gray value.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a device according to the invention in the form of an electronic camera
- FIG. 3 shows a flow chart to explain a first exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention
- Fig. 4 is a flow chart for explaining a second embodiment of the method according to the invention
- Fig. 5 is a flow chart to explain a third embodiment of the method according to the invention.
- a device according to the invention in the form of an electronic camera is designated in its entirety by reference number 10.
- the camera 10 has an image sensor 12 with a multiplicity of individual image points 14, 16.
- the image points 14, 16 are arranged in a matrix-like manner, sometimes also linear in the case of smaller image sensors, and together form the light-sensitive surface of the image sensor 12.
- Reference number 18 denotes an output unit which provides gray values for the light picked up by the pixels 14, 16 for reading out.
- grayscale values has been used to describe these values. However, it does not rule out that the image sensor also supplies color information which is coded in these values.
- the gray values are here passed on as digital numerical values via a connection 20 to a subsequent image processing unit.
- the subsequent image processing unit can also be integrated into the housing of the camera 10, which is particularly preferred if the camera 10 is used in a protective device to secure a danger zone.
- the image sensor 12 is preferably a CMOS image sensor with a linear characteristic.
- the invention is not limited to this and can also be used with other image sensors.
- Reference number 22 denotes a schematically indicated beam path under which light 24 strikes the image sensor 12.
- the reference numeral 26 denotes a monitoring unit for checking the functional reliability of the camera 10 and in particular the image sensor 12.
- the monitoring unit 26 is implemented with a microprocessor on which the method according to the invention is carried out in the form of program steps.
- the monitoring unit 26 has a memory (not shown here) in which the individual program steps are stored in a manner known per se.
- the monitoring unit 26 contains a comparator 28.
- the comparator 28 is connected on the one hand to a memory 30 in which the dark noise dimensions of the individual pixels 14, 16 are stored as reference values.
- the dark noise dimensions of the pixels 14, 16 are determined when the camera 10 is calibrated and stored in the memory 30.
- the comparator 28 is connected to a noise determination part 32, in which a current noise measure of the gray values can be determined for each pixel 14, 16.
- the Comparator 28 compares a currently determined noise figure with a corresponding dark noise figure in the manner explained in more detail below.
- Reference numeral 34 denotes a temperature sensor, the output signal of which is fed to the memory 30. This makes it possible to select the dark noise figure used for comparison as a function of the respective ambient temperature.
- the 'memory 30 in the present embodiment directly connected to the noise determination part 32nd As a result, the dark noise measures can be determined very simply in the same way as the current noise measures used in the operation of the camera 10.
- the result of the comparison of the two noise measures mentioned is provided at the output of the comparator 28.
- the comparator 28 generates an error signal which is led to the outside via a connection 36.
- the reference number 40 denotes a characteristic curve which represents the noise behavior of an individual pixel 14, 16 as a function of the light intensity. Accordingly, the intensity ⁇ of the incident light 24 is plotted on the abscissa 42 and the noise level N is plotted on the ordinate 44. For example, a point 46 on the characteristic curve 40 has the coordinates ( ⁇ 3 , N j ).
- Reference number 48 shows that noise component which is independent of the intensity of the incident light. This noise component is mainly due to the dark noise. In contrast, the increase in the characteristic curve 40 with increasing light intensity ⁇ shows the photon noise.
- FIG. 3 shows a flow chart for a method with which so-called “stuck at” errors can be detected in individual pixels 14, 16.
- the method begins in step 50 by reading in a gray value X j for the pixel to be checked. Then, in step 52, a check is carried out to determine whether the gray value X j read in indicates a signal dynamic.
- a signal dynamic is present in particular when the gray value X j differs from the previous gray value (s) X j _ k by more than a predetermined difference. This can happen, for example, on the basis of movements in the monitored area. If a signal dynamic is recognized, a “stuck at” error can be excluded from the outset, which is why the method returns to step 50.
- step 54 determines whether the mean gray value x of the image point has a sufficient basic brightness (x> x t ). If the mean gray value x of the checked pixel lies below a defined basic brightness x t , the proportion of photon noise in the total noise level is too low to obtain reliable information about the functionality of the pixel with this method. Accordingly returns in this case the method returns to step 50. If this result is repeated several times, an error signal can also be generated (not shown).
- step 56 If the basic brightness x of the gray values of the checked image point lies above said threshold x t , a current noise figure is determined in step 56. According to step 58, the ambient temperature ⁇ is also taken into account in this exemplary embodiment.
- the current noise figure is preferably determined here as a variance or as a standard deviation (root of the variance) by a statistical evaluation according to the following formula:
- x the current gray value
- x the mean value of all gray values taken into account
- n the number of measurements
- ⁇ the temperature
- the current noise figure can also be determined as the average deviation of the current gray value from the previous gray values.
- the noise figure is determined using the following formula:
- the difference between the maximum and minimum gray value of the checked pixel within a measurement cycle can also be used as the current noise figure. This is a very simple determination of a noise figure. However, the two alternatives mentioned above are preferred, since they enable the pixel to be checked more reliably.
- step 60 the currently determined noise figure is then compared with a dark noise figure x dark ( ⁇ ) determined in the same way, which is read out from the memory 30 of the camera 10 in accordance with step 62. Is the currently determined noise x no ⁇ se greater than the dark noise factor used for comparison x dark, the function of the checked pixel in order. The method returns to step 50 accordingly and a new verification cycle begins.
- step 64 If the dark noise figure x dark is greater than the currently determined noise figure x no ⁇ se , then there is a "stuck at" error and an error handling routine follows in step 64. Within the error handling routine 64, for example, an error signal can be output via the connection 36. The method then returns to step 50 to begin a new scan cycle for other pixels.
- step 70 the gray values a ⁇ , b j of the two pixels to be compared are first read out. The two gray values are then compared in step 72. If the two gray values differ significantly, which can be caused, for example, by a light-dark structure in the recorded image, it is assumed here that there is no coupling. The method returns to step 70 accordingly.
- step 72 the basic brightness for the two pixels is checked again in step 74. If the basic brightness is too low, the method returns to step 70, since a reliable statement is then not guaranteed. If this result is repeated several times, an error signal is generated (not shown).
- a current noise figure is determined in step 76 from the ratio of the gray values of the two pixels, using the following formula:
- R the noise figure
- a the gray value of the first pixel
- b the gray value of the second pixel
- n the number of measuring cycles.
- step 58 the temperature is again taken into account.
- step 78 it is then checked whether the noise figure ⁇ determined in this way is greater than the dark noise figure ⁇ stored in the memory 30 for the corresponding temperature. If the dark noise figure ⁇ «is smaller, it is assumed that there is no coupling between the two pixels. However, if the mean deviation ⁇ of the two pixels is less than or equal to the dark noise figure Adark, it must be assumed that the two pixels are coupled. Accordingly, an error routine is initiated in step 80.
- step 90 the gray values _ t and b j of the two pixels are first read out again.
- a current noise figure is then determined in step 92 using the following formula:
- step 94 the noise figure U is compared with a dark noise figure Udark, which was determined using the same formula as above, but in the dark. If the current noise figure U is greater than the stored dark noise figure, there is no coupling between the two pixels. Otherwise, an error routine follows in accordance with step 96.
- the advantage of the method according to FIG. 5 is that the coupling of the respective gray values between two pixels can be influenced by an additive or multiplicative constant, since it is only checked here whether the statistical temporal fluctuation of the gray values is independent of one another.
- image sensors in which the pixels located on the outer edge are arranged in such a way that, due to the design, no light can fall on them. These edge pixels therefore always provide signals that correspond to a dark value.
- an image sensor is used in the camera according to the invention, and the dark noise measure used as a reference is determined from the gray values of the darkened pixels at the edge.
- those on the edge of an image pixels located in the sensor can also be darkened by a suitable arrangement in the camera so that the required reference values can be easily determined.
- the following formula is used to determine the noise figure:
- n the number of pixels.
- the difference in amount of the gray values from two successive images is determined for each pixel.
- a mean difference in amount is then formed across all pixels.
- a dark noise measure is used as the reference noise measure, which is determined in the same way from two successive dark pictures.
- the two noise measures are here determined from a large number of pixels of a difference image.
- the current noise figure must exceed the dark noise figure, provided there is a certain basic brightness. If the current noise figure is smaller than the dark noise figure, the image sensor obviously delivers "frozen image", ie it no longer reacts to changes in the currently incident light.
- Movements and motif changes in the successive images increase the current size compared to the dark noise figure, which, however, then also indicates a functioning image sensor.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)
- Studio Devices (AREA)
- Image Input (AREA)
- Image Processing (AREA)
- Facsimile Heads (AREA)
- Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
- Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10205691 | 2002-02-04 | ||
DE10205691A DE10205691A1 (de) | 2002-02-04 | 2002-02-04 | Verfahren zum Überprüfen der Funktonssicherheit eines Bildsensors sowie Vorrichtung mit einem Bildsensor |
PCT/EP2003/000637 WO2003067900A1 (de) | 2002-02-04 | 2003-01-23 | Verfahren zum überprüfen der funktionssicherheit eines bildsensors sowie vorrichtung mit einem bildsensor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1472890A1 true EP1472890A1 (de) | 2004-11-03 |
EP1472890B1 EP1472890B1 (de) | 2006-03-29 |
Family
ID=27588554
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03708070A Expired - Lifetime EP1472890B1 (de) | 2002-02-04 | 2003-01-23 | Verfahren zum überprüfen der funktionssicherheit eines bildsensors sowie vorrichtung mit einem bildsensor |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7872678B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1472890B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4250085B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE322127T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2003212223A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10205691A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003067900A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100464247C (zh) * | 2004-02-23 | 2009-02-25 | 英华达(上海)电子有限公司 | 自动检测相机的方法、检测系统以及储存媒体 |
DE102004013269A1 (de) * | 2004-03-18 | 2005-09-29 | Adc Automotive Distance Control Systems Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Temperatur eines Bildsensors |
DE102004020331B3 (de) | 2004-04-26 | 2005-10-20 | Pilz Gmbh & Co Kg | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Aufnehmen eines Bildes |
US20070230804A1 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-04 | Aldrich Bradley C | Encoding techniques employing noise-based adaptation |
DE102006040349B4 (de) * | 2006-08-29 | 2016-11-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erkennung von defekten Pixeln eines Bildaufnahmesensors in einem Fahrerassistenzsystem |
DE102006052805B3 (de) * | 2006-11-09 | 2008-06-05 | Sick Ag | Optoelektronische Überwachungsvorrichtung mit Testeinheit und Testverfahren |
EP2199999B1 (de) * | 2008-12-19 | 2012-05-02 | Pepperl + Fuchs GmbH | Verfahren zum Testen eines optischen Sensors und testbarer optischer Sensor |
US8203620B2 (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2012-06-19 | Nethra Imaging Inc | Method and apparatus for sharpening digital images |
CN106233723B (zh) | 2014-02-26 | 2018-04-06 | 欧姆龙株式会社 | 用于检测图像传感器中的定址故障的方法和装置 |
DE102015120314A1 (de) * | 2015-11-24 | 2017-05-24 | Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zum Programmieren einer Sicherheitssteuerung |
CN106341685B (zh) * | 2016-09-09 | 2018-10-16 | 深圳怡化电脑股份有限公司 | 一种图像传感器检测方法和装置 |
US10414048B2 (en) | 2016-09-14 | 2019-09-17 | Faro Technologies, Inc. | Noncontact safety sensor and method of operation |
US10670745B1 (en) | 2017-09-19 | 2020-06-02 | The Government of the United States as Represented by the Secretary of the United States | Statistical photo-calibration of photo-detectors for radiometry without calibrated light sources comprising an arithmetic unit to determine a gain and a bias from mean values and variance values |
EP3496398B1 (de) | 2017-12-11 | 2020-01-29 | Sick AG | Sichere stereokamera und verfahren zum prüfen der funktionsfähigkeit der bildsensoren |
CN108259892A (zh) * | 2018-03-21 | 2018-07-06 | 深圳怡化电脑股份有限公司 | 图像传感器的检测方法、系统及装置 |
EP3651458B1 (de) | 2018-11-08 | 2020-09-09 | Sick Ag | Sichere stereokamera und verfahren zum prüfen der funktionsfähigkeit der bildsensoren |
CN113542730A (zh) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-10-22 | 深圳市天视通视觉有限公司 | 一种摄像机的传感器测试方法、装置及存储介质 |
Family Cites Families (43)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US528123A (en) * | 1894-10-23 | Valve for steam-engines | ||
US779861A (en) * | 1904-07-12 | 1905-01-10 | George J Maringer | Puzzle. |
JPS6055924A (ja) * | 1983-09-05 | 1985-04-01 | オリンパス光学工業株式会社 | 内視鏡の撮像用自動調光装置 |
US4602291A (en) * | 1984-05-09 | 1986-07-22 | Xerox Corporation | Pixel non-uniformity correction system |
EP0179252A3 (de) | 1984-09-14 | 1987-07-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Schutz von Personen, die sich im Aktionsbereich eines beweglichen Maschinenteils einer verfahr- oder verschwenkbaren Arbeitsmaschine, insbesondere eines Industrieroboters, aufhalten |
US4703442A (en) | 1985-09-25 | 1987-10-27 | Rca Corporation | Temperature tracking defect corrector for a solid-state imager |
US4654714A (en) * | 1985-10-30 | 1987-03-31 | Rca Corporation | Pixel addressing system |
JPS63248289A (ja) * | 1987-04-03 | 1988-10-14 | Fujitsu Ltd | Ccd撮像装置 |
KR100188897B1 (ko) * | 1990-01-31 | 1999-06-01 | 이데이 노부유끼 | 고체촬상장치의 화상결합보정회로 |
KR100202343B1 (ko) * | 1990-03-13 | 1999-06-15 | 이데이 노부유끼 | 셰이딩 보정 장치 |
US5047863A (en) | 1990-05-24 | 1991-09-10 | Polaroid Corporation | Defect correction apparatus for solid state imaging devices including inoperative pixel detection |
DE4020017A1 (de) | 1990-06-20 | 1992-01-02 | Cuba Acad Ciencias | Verfahren und anordnung zur ermittlung und ausblendung von defekten pixeln eines halbleiterwandlers |
US5047861A (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1991-09-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method and apparatus for pixel non-uniformity correction |
JPH05260386A (ja) * | 1992-03-16 | 1993-10-08 | Sony Corp | 固体撮像素子の欠陥画素検出回路 |
JP3014895B2 (ja) * | 1993-06-02 | 2000-02-28 | 株式会社日立製作所 | ビデオカメラ |
US5576827A (en) * | 1994-04-15 | 1996-11-19 | Micromeritics Instrument Corporation | Apparatus and method for determining the size distribution of particles by light scattering |
DE19527148C1 (de) | 1995-07-25 | 1997-01-09 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines digitalen Bildsystems einer Röntgendiagnostikeinrichtung |
JPH09200613A (ja) * | 1996-01-19 | 1997-07-31 | Sony Corp | 固体撮像素子の欠陥検出装置 |
US5796492A (en) * | 1996-03-20 | 1998-08-18 | Agfa Division, Bayer Corporation | Rotatable control panel for a scanner |
JP3785520B2 (ja) * | 1997-03-19 | 2006-06-14 | コニカミノルタホールディングス株式会社 | 電子カメラ |
US7304670B1 (en) * | 1997-03-28 | 2007-12-04 | Hand Held Products, Inc. | Method and apparatus for compensating for fixed pattern noise in an imaging system |
JP3351704B2 (ja) * | 1997-04-09 | 2002-12-03 | ペンタックス株式会社 | 画像信号補正装置 |
DE59804862D1 (de) | 1997-09-15 | 2002-08-29 | Rms Kleine Gmbh Vertrieb Elekt | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur optischen Überwachung eines Raumbereichs |
US6618084B1 (en) * | 1997-11-05 | 2003-09-09 | Stmicroelectronics, Inc. | Pixel correction system and method for CMOS imagers |
JP3587433B2 (ja) * | 1998-09-08 | 2004-11-10 | シャープ株式会社 | 固体撮像素子の画素欠陥検出装置 |
US6593961B1 (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2003-07-15 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Test efficient method of classifying image quality of an optical sensor using three categories of pixels |
US6529622B1 (en) | 1998-10-30 | 2003-03-04 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for identifying defective regions in a discrete pixel detector |
US6965410B1 (en) * | 1998-12-03 | 2005-11-15 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image sensing apparatus employing dark image data to correct dark noise |
JP2000209506A (ja) * | 1999-01-14 | 2000-07-28 | Toshiba Corp | 撮像装置および撮像方法 |
US7324143B1 (en) * | 1999-04-13 | 2008-01-29 | Rochester Institute Of Technology | Method and system for reducing noise in a digital image and apparatus thereof |
JP5033291B2 (ja) * | 2000-04-07 | 2012-09-26 | ピルツ ゲーエムベーハー アンド コー.カーゲー | 危険区域の安全防護のための保護装置およびその装置の機能的信頼性をチェックする方法 |
DE10017333C2 (de) | 2000-04-07 | 2003-02-13 | Pilz Gmbh & Co | Schutzvorrichtung zum Absichern eines Gefahrenbereichs sowie Verfahren zum Überprüfen der Funktionssicherheit einer solchen |
JP4497759B2 (ja) * | 2000-06-30 | 2010-07-07 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像処理装置及びその処理方法 |
KR100399884B1 (ko) * | 2000-10-25 | 2003-09-29 | 주식회사 하이닉스반도체 | 이미지 센서의 결함 픽셀 보정 장치 및 그 방법 |
JP2002354340A (ja) * | 2001-05-24 | 2002-12-06 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 撮像装置 |
US6985180B2 (en) * | 2001-06-19 | 2006-01-10 | Ess Technology, Inc. | Intelligent blemish control algorithm and apparatus |
US6737625B2 (en) * | 2001-06-28 | 2004-05-18 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Bad pixel detection and correction in an image sensing device |
KR100421987B1 (ko) * | 2001-12-06 | 2004-03-11 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 오차확산 처리방법 |
JP2003204486A (ja) * | 2002-01-09 | 2003-07-18 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 撮像装置 |
JP2003209749A (ja) * | 2002-01-11 | 2003-07-25 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 撮像装置 |
US20030179418A1 (en) * | 2002-03-19 | 2003-09-25 | Eastman Kodak Company | Producing a defective pixel map from defective cluster pixels in an area array image sensor |
US20040239782A1 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2004-12-02 | William Equitz | System and method for efficient improvement of image quality in cameras |
DE102004061978A1 (de) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-07-13 | Lfk-Lenkflugkörpersysteme Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ersetzen defekter Pixel in Focal Plane Array Kameras |
-
2002
- 2002-02-04 DE DE10205691A patent/DE10205691A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-01-23 WO PCT/EP2003/000637 patent/WO2003067900A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2003-01-23 JP JP2003567107A patent/JP4250085B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-23 AU AU2003212223A patent/AU2003212223A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-01-23 AT AT03708070T patent/ATE322127T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-01-23 DE DE50302814T patent/DE50302814D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-23 EP EP03708070A patent/EP1472890B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-07-30 US US10/909,714 patent/US7872678B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO03067900A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2003212223A1 (en) | 2003-09-02 |
US20050036045A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
EP1472890B1 (de) | 2006-03-29 |
DE50302814D1 (de) | 2006-05-18 |
JP4250085B2 (ja) | 2009-04-08 |
JP2005517259A (ja) | 2005-06-09 |
ATE322127T1 (de) | 2006-04-15 |
DE10205691A1 (de) | 2003-08-14 |
US7872678B2 (en) | 2011-01-18 |
WO2003067900A1 (de) | 2003-08-14 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1472890B1 (de) | Verfahren zum überprüfen der funktionssicherheit eines bildsensors sowie vorrichtung mit einem bildsensor | |
DE102005004861B4 (de) | Vorrichtung zum Steuern der Position eines Bildschirmzeigers mit niedriger Empfindlichkeit für Partikelkontamination, Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Bewegungsdaten bei einem optischen Zeigegerät und Navigationssensor zum Erzeugen von Bewegungsdaten | |
EP1269762B2 (de) | Schutzvorrichtung zum absichern eines gefahrenbereichs sowie verfahren zum überprüfen der funktionssicherheit einer solchen | |
EP3070674B1 (de) | Verfahren zur qualitätsbeurteilung eines mittels eines additiven herstellungsverfahrens hergestellten bauteils | |
DE3336471A1 (de) | Verfahren und anordnung zur inspektion von bildern | |
DE10050083A1 (de) | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erfassung von Objekten | |
DE112015000986T5 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Detektion von Adressierungsfehlern in einem Bildsensor | |
DE69225998T2 (de) | Verfahren zum Erfassen und Analysieren defekter Halbleiterelemente | |
EP1449084B1 (de) | Kontrollierte programmausführung durch einen tragbaren datenträger | |
DE69518128T2 (de) | Bilddatenverarbeitungsvorrichtung mit Bilddatenteilungsfunktion und Verfahren zur Verarbeitung von Bilddaten | |
EP2312864A1 (de) | Bildsensor und Betriebsverfahren | |
DE102017105174A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Trainingsdaten für die Überwachung einer Gefahrenquelle | |
EP3108461A1 (de) | Verfahren zum untersuchen eines wertdokuments und mittel zur durchführung des verfahrens | |
DE3729804A1 (de) | Verfahren zur automatischen erkennung von fehlern in bewegten warenbahnen | |
DE3030140A1 (de) | Verfahren zur optischen ueberpruefung von stabfoermigen gegenstaenden und einrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens | |
DE102014215860A1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Prüfung eines Bildsensors und Kraftfahrzeug | |
DE112019001332T5 (de) | Ermittlungsvorrichtung, fotoelektrischer Sensor mit mehreren optischen Achsen, Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Ermittlungsvorrichtung, Informationsverarbeitungsprogramm und Aufzeichnungsmedium | |
DE102016212486A1 (de) | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Kategorisierung einer Bruchfläche eines Bauteils | |
DE19506388C1 (de) | Verfahren zum Erkennen von systematischen Fehlern, insbesondere zur automatischen Störungserkennung bei Qualitätskontrollen, mittels mit Meßsensoren ausgestatteten Meßgeräten | |
WO2018072985A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erkennen eines direkten lichtreflexionsstrahls von einem objekt auf einen lichtsensor | |
DE60033200T2 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Zuordnung von Wafern | |
DE102019209292A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Umfeldsensorik eines Fahrzeugs und Umfeldsensorik | |
DE10220512B4 (de) | Verfahren zum Vermessen und/oder Erkennen von Objekten, vorzugsweise von Werkzeugen und/oder Werkstücken einer Bearbeitungsmaschine | |
WO2011076917A1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur identifizierung eines wafers | |
DE10017344C1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überprüfen der Funktionssicherheit einer Bildaufnahmeeinheit |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20040723 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE SI SK TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL LT LV MK RO |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: PILZ GMBH & CO. KG |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE SI SK TR |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20060329 Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20060329 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20060329 Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20060329 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20060329 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: TRGR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 50302814 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20060518 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20060629 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20060629 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20060710 |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20060628 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20060829 |
|
NLV1 | Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FD4D |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070131 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070131 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070131 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20070102 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: PILZ G.M.B.H. & CO. KG Effective date: 20070131 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070131 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20060630 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20060329 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070123 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20060329 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20060329 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20090122 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20070123 Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20060329 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20090114 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20060930 Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20060329 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20100123 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20100123 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20100124 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 14 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Payment date: 20190221 Year of fee payment: 17 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20190123 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20200227 Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200131 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200123 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 50302814 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20210803 |