EP1372362A2 - Entladungslampenbetriebsschaltung mit einer Stromregelschaltung und einer Schaltung zur Detektion der Nähe zu einem kapazitiven Betrieb - Google Patents
Entladungslampenbetriebsschaltung mit einer Stromregelschaltung und einer Schaltung zur Detektion der Nähe zu einem kapazitiven Betrieb Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1372362A2 EP1372362A2 EP03012801A EP03012801A EP1372362A2 EP 1372362 A2 EP1372362 A2 EP 1372362A2 EP 03012801 A EP03012801 A EP 03012801A EP 03012801 A EP03012801 A EP 03012801A EP 1372362 A2 EP1372362 A2 EP 1372362A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- circuit
- lamp
- operating
- voltage
- control
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
- H05B41/282—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices
- H05B41/285—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
- H05B41/2851—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions
- H05B41/2856—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions against internal abnormal circuit conditions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S315/00—Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
- Y10S315/05—Starting and operating circuit for fluorescent lamp
Definitions
- the invention relates to an operating circuit for discharge lamps.
- the invention relates to operating circuits that the discharge lamp with supply a high-frequency supply power, which via an oscillator circuit is obtained from a supply service.
- the invention relates to the case that the utility power for the oscillator circuit to an AC power supply goes back, which is rectified.
- Such operational circuits are common, especially with low pressure discharge lamps, and therefore do not need to be explained in detail.
- the oscillator circuit supplies a so-called load circuit in the the discharge lamp is switched, and that of one through the oscillator circuit generated high-frequency lamp current is flowed through.
- the The load circuit defines a resonance frequency that is different electrical parameters of the load circuit is influenced and also from Operating state of the discharge lamp depends.
- the aim is to work in the so-called inductive area, So with an increased compared to the resonance frequency of the load circuit Operating frequency of the oscillator circuit. But you have to avoid that the operating frequency of the oscillator circuit becomes lower than the resonance frequency, because in capacitive operation, i.e. with smaller ones Operating frequency than the resonance frequency, disturbing current peaks in the Switching elements and other difficulties may arise. In particular can result from an incorrect synchronization between the switching times and the lamp choke current in capacitive operation a pronounced positive Current peak at the beginning of a lamp current half-wave carried by a switching element result. So the overall aim is, if possible to work close to the resonance frequency, but falling short the same should not occur or should occur only to a limited extent.
- an operating circuit for a discharge lamp with an oscillator circuit and a detection circuit for detection the proximity to a capacitive operation of the load circuit improve.
- the invention relates to an operating circuit of the type shown, in which a control circuit for regulating the load circuit, in particular the lamp power or the lamp current is provided to a control setpoint and the operating circuit is configured in response to detection close to capacitive operation by the detection circuit reduce the control setpoint.
- the operating circuit during the detection a certain proximity to the capacitive operation, as in the state technology, is switched off, but at least continues to operate as a rule becomes.
- the detection of the proximity to the capacitive operation should therefore lead to an influence on the mode of operation, so that this closeness at least is not further increased or even decreased to continue operations to be able to.
- the control setpoint e.g. the power or Current setpoint
- the control circuit has in itself the sense and advantage of influencing lamp operation through Variations in specimens and temporal fluctuations such as temperature fluctuations or reduce the effects of aging.
- a control circuit also offers a particularly cheap and simple Possibility of preventing capacitive operation by influencing of the control setpoint.
- a preferred embodiment of the control circuit also an indirect Influencing the operating frequency of the oscillator circuit connected be because the control circuit preferably influences the operating frequency takes to regulate the load circuit.
- the invention is clearly spoken Operating circuit so designed to operate continuously not too close to capacitive operation and too close to counteract a further approach, however, the lamp operation continue. From the point of view of the invention, it is rather tolerable that the discharge lamp will become slightly darker in such cases, than completely turning it off.
- the invention is preferably distinguished by a particularly favorable one Form of detection of the proximity to the capacitive operation by the detection circuit out.
- the detection circuit detects the height of Fluctuations in lamp current according to the frequency of the supply power. If the oscillator circuit with a rectified AC supply power is supplied, the supply power fluctuates the oscillator circuit with the by the AC voltage frequency given fluctuations in the rectified supply voltage (so-called intermediate circuit voltage). The DC link voltage is therefore twice the frequency of the original AC voltage modulated. The doubling of the frequency is a consequence of Rectification. It is theoretically also conceivable that there is no frequency doubling here occurs; in any case there is modulation of the intermediate circuit voltage in relation to the frequency of the original AC voltage.
- This intermediate circuit voltage modulation is usually still in the lamp current itself measurable, even when the lamp current is through a current or power control circuit is regulated. control circuits are only able to do this modulation to a limited extent, depending on the technical complexity mitigate.
- the invention represents the rectified AC supply power through a PFC circuit (Power Factor Correction, so-called power factor correction) to a largely constant DC voltage is converted.
- the PFC circuit is used for limitation the harmonic content of the power consumption from the AC network and usually charges a storage capacitor to the DC link voltage on.
- the intermediate circuit voltage is then also in a certain way Scope modulated according to the AC voltage frequency.
- the magnitude of the lamp current fluctuations depends on the proximity to the resonance frequency and thus from the proximity to the capacitive operation. This follows from the increase in lamp current with increasing proximity to resonance on the one hand and the modulation of the resonance proximity by the intermediate circuit voltage modulation on the other hand.
- the level of the fluctuations in the lamp current thus offers a special one easy way to measure proximity to capacitive operation.
- it is a double, for example Mains frequency of the AC network variable signal, so far offers no significant measurement difficulties.
- the lamp current must be measured anyway in the invention to the already mentioned Current control. Therefore, the invention as a whole with one all the less additional effort involved.
- variable supply performance is generally used here. As stated above, this can be rectified on the one hand AC supply power.
- the invention encompasses also the case that the operating circuit on a DC voltage source is operated. Then there is no need for a rectifier an already provided rectifier ineffective. In this case, too however, it may be desirable to use the invention.
- the DC voltage or DC link voltage are deliberately modulated.
- capacitive load circuit operation this also has the advantage that due to the modulation a broadening of the frequency spectrum of transmitted to the DC voltage source by the operating circuit results in high-frequency interference. The disturbances are less problematic, because they occur in a broader and therefore flatter interference spectrum.
- the changing benefits in the sense of claims can also deliberately modulate DC power supplies his.
- the invention also draws combination operating circuits considered for both operation on DC voltage as well are provided at AC voltage sources.
- the invention is directed alternatively to a detection of the height of the Fluctuations in the lamp current itself even in the event that the lamp current by a control circuit for regulating the load circuit, in particular the lamp current or the lamp power is determined, where then a manipulated variable of the control circuit, i.e. the changes in the control circuit in an effort to keep the control circuit constant the controlled variable is recorded.
- the manipulated variable could then be used as an illustration of the lamp current fluctuations, even if the latter do not occur or only to a small extent.
- the control circuit preferably has an I control element, that is to say an integrating element Element to the comparatively slow parameter changes in the discharge lamp in the sense of the described impedance changes to compensate for them by aging or other long-term fluctuations.
- an I control element will suffice. It can if necessary by a P control element (proportional element) or another additional one Device for better consideration of the DC link voltage modulation can be added.
- the detection circuit detects the height which compares fluctuations with a predetermined threshold value, and as long as the threshold is not exceeded, the operation will not continue affected. If the threshold is exceeded, the detection circuit can the control setpoint either according to a control context change continuously or by a predetermined fixed Change size, as shown in the embodiment. In any case is preferably a function by comparison with the threshold given the detection circuit that does not normally affect operation.
- control circuit and other control of the oscillator circuit through an integrated digital circuit only a few Must have additional functions.
- Digital circuit around a programmable circuit or a so-called Act microcontrollers, the necessary for the invention Can limit additional effort to a pure software addition.
- Such a digital control circuit or such a microcontroller can in particular, in addition to the control of the oscillator circuit, the control take over the mentioned PFC circuit.
- reference numeral 1 designates a low pressure discharge lamp with two filament electrodes 2 and 3.
- an intermediate circuit supply voltage 5 Between a ground connection 4 and an intermediate circuit supply voltage 5 is a known one Oscillator half-bridge circuit with two switching transistors 6 and 7.
- This can result in the rectified DC link supply voltage applied to terminal 5, via a known rectifier bridge circuit is obtained from a mains voltage using a PFC circuit, generates a high-frequency supply voltage for the discharge lamp 1 become.
- the PFC circuit not shown in FIG. 1 can be a so-called step-up converter act, the structure of which is known per se and for the invention is not of particular interest. It can also be act another PFC circuit. Despite the PFC circuit remains a certain residual modulation of the intermediate circuit voltage with double Mains frequency, usually 100 Hz.
- the coupling capacitor 9 is used for decoupling the discharge lamp 1 of DC components; the lamp choke 10 is used in particular to compensate for the negative derivation of the Current-voltage characteristic of the discharge lamp 1. Both circuit components are generally known in this function and do not need to be explained here become.
- the operating circuit is completely conventional built up.
- the digital control circuit 12 is on programmable microcontroller and detected via a measuring resistor 13 a signal indicative of the amount of current through lamp inductor 10.
- the control circuit 12 contains in particular a current regulating circuit which regulates the lamp current tapped via the resistor 13 to a largely constant value I Lamp .
- the mode of operation of the control circuit 12 is shown in more detail in FIG. 3.
- the control circuit 12 can therefore measure the lamp current I lamp via the measuring resistor 13, further regulates the operating frequency of the half-bridge oscillator with the switching transistors 6 and 7 to a constant lamp current and is finally capable of evaluating the remaining modulation of the lamp current amplitude as a result of the modulation of the intermediate circuit voltage operating mode too close to capacitive operation.
- a threshold value is used for the difference between the lamp current amplitude maximum I max and minimum I min shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b.
- FIGS. 2a and 2b schematically show the qualitative form of the fluctuations mentioned for a near-resonance but favorable operating state shown in FIG. 2a and an unfavorable operating state shown in FIG. 2b.
- the lamp current is shown with its envelope, which illustrates the fluctuations in the amplitude with the intermediate circuit voltage U zw .
- the lamp current I Lamp actually oscillates at the operating frequency of the half-bridge oscillator circuit, which is only indicated schematically in FIGS. 2a and 2b.
- FIG. 3 shows in the form of a block diagram the mode of operation of the operating circuit from FIG. 1.
- the sequence shown runs as software stored in the microcontroller 12.
- a measured intermediate circuit voltage (between points 4 and 5 in FIG. 1) U zw is subtracted from a desired intermediate value voltage U zw-soll .
- the difference is integrated via an integration element symbolized by I, multiplied by a normalization constant denoted by k 3 and used to regulate the PFC circuit (not shown in FIG. 1) to a constant output voltage.
- the switching operations of the switching transistor of a switching transistor of the PFC circuit are clocked accordingly, ie ultimately the operating frequency of the switching transistor is changed so that the output voltage and thus the intermediate circuit voltage U zw is as constant as possible.
- the intermediate circuit voltage is output by the PFC circuit via points 4 and 5 in FIG. 1 to the half-bridge oscillator formed by the switching transistors 6 and 7 and the load circuit containing the lamp 1.
- the half-bridge oscillator with the switching transistors 6 and 7 supplies the lamp current I Lamp flowing through the lamp 1, which is measured by the microcontroller 12 via the measuring resistor 13. This is symbolized by the arrow emerging from the half-bridge oscillator in FIG. 3 to the right.
- the lamp current is rectified and amplified by the elements labeled with the corresponding electrical switching symbols, then filtered in a low-pass element labeled PT 1 in the sense of averaging and finally converted to AD.
- This detection circuit calculates one Period of 10ms the fluctuations of the lamp current amplitude, i.e. the Difference between the maximum and the minimum of the lamp current amplitude or the envelope within the specified period. If this difference exceeds a value of 50 mA, for example, increases the detection circuit its output signal, otherwise it lowers it. The detection circuit therefore assumes that there is normally no output signal is necessary and has the output signal in this normal case 0 (which is also not further lowered). If the threshold of 50 mA is exceeded, the output signal is fixed by a certain Value increased and after the 10ms period again by this fixed Amount increased as long as the 50 mA threshold is exceeded.
- the output signal gradually decreased, preferably smaller increments than used for the increase. This happens up to one Output signal of 0 if the threshold for the Lamp current fluctuations is exceeded.
- the detection circuit uses the threshold to recognize that the capacitive is too close Operation, responds to this detection with an output signal and drives it Output signal slowly returns as soon as this detection no longer applies.
- the output signal described is limited with regard to conceivable measurement errors and then subtracted from a lamp current setpoint I Lamp Soll in the case of the differential element symbolized with a minus sign.
- the corrected lamp current setpoint is in turn subtracted from the actual value of the lamp current I Lamp averaged by the digital mean value element. The difference between them is integrated and multiplied by the normalization constant symbolized with k 1 .
- the integrated and standardized difference between the lamp current target value corrected by the detection circuit and the lamp current actual value is then added to a value in the link symbolized by a circle according to the arrow described with offset in order to carry out an operating point setting. This value stands for a period in turn limited with regard to conceivable measurement errors and is used to control the switching transistors 6 and 7 of the half-bridge oscillator.
- the PFC circuit is first regulated to a constant DC link voltage with a setpoint U zw-soll .
- the modulation of the intermediate circuit voltage let through by the PFC circuit influences the lamp current via the half-bridge oscillator, which is regulated by a second control loop to a lamp current setpoint I Lamp soll .
- a simple, slow I control loop is used because only long-term drift effects need to be taken into account.
- This lamp current setpoint is in turn corrected by a third control circuit, into which the detection circuit is connected, in such a way that the threshold value of 50 mA for the lamp current amplitude modulations is not permanently exceeded.
- the invention is in addition to that already provided Lamp current control just a slow additional control loop in the Has the meaning of an additional software branch for which no other Measurement determination is necessary. Rather, the one that is measured anyway and digitized lamp current used.
- the regulation shown can be controlled by a further control element the lamp current control loop can be supplemented with which the 100 Hz modulation of the lamp current is damped.
- a PI controller can be used for a simple I controller. This doesn't change anything the fact that, albeit smaller, lamp current modulations remain. Self if the lamp current modulations were completely adjusted, in this respect they could be close for the detection according to the invention capacitive operation are used as the control signal of the lamp current control circuit representative of the fluctuations in lamp current is used. The fluctuations in the lamp current would then be to a certain extent only existing in terms of control technology and no longer physically available.
- the invention also relates to this variant. in the The current would also be capacitive in the case of perfect lamp current control Break in area.
- the invention thus enables a with little additional effort despite component tolerances and lamp aging processes, very precise coordination the operating circuit to an average resonance-like continuous operation. If difficulties arise, contrary to the status of Technology of lamp operation continued and as a result of the change in Current setpoint only made a certain reduction in performance. From the perspective of the user is one with hardly noticeably reduced Luminous lamp compared to a non-functional one Lamp to see the far cheaper solution.
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- Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
- Betriebsschaltung für eine Entladungslampe (1) mit
einer Oszillatorschaltung (6, 7) zum Erzeugen einer Hochfrequenzversorgungsleistung für einen die Entladungslampe (1) enthaltenden Lastkreis (1, 8 - 11) aus einer veränderlichen Versorgungsleistung (5),
und einer Detektionsschaltung (12,13) zum Erkennen der Nähe zu einem kapazitiven Betrieb des Lastkreises (1, 8-11),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Lampenregelschaltung (12, 13) zum Regeln des Lastkreises (1, 8 -11) auf einen Regelsollwert (ILamp soll) vorgesehen ist
und dass die Betriebsschaltung dazu ausgelegt ist, ansprechend auf eine Erkennung der Nähe zu einem kapazitiven Betrieb durch die Detektionsschaltung (12, 13) den Regelsollwert (ILamp Soll) zu verkleinern. - Betriebsschaltung nach Anspruch 1, bei der die Detektionsschaltung (12,13) die Höhe von den Veränderungen der Versorgungsleistung (5) entsprechenden Schwankungen des Lampenstroms (ILamp) erfasst.
- Betriebsschaltung nach Anspruch 1, bei der die Detektionsschaltung (12,13) die Höhe von den Veränderungen der Versorgungsleistung (5) entsprechenden Schwankungen einer Stellgröße der Lampenregelschaltung (12,13) erfasst.
- Betriebsschaltung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, bei der die Regelschaltung (12,13) ein I-Regelglied aufweist.
- Betriebsschaltung nach Anspruch 2, 3 oder 4, bei der die Detektionsschaltung (12,13) einen Vergleich der Höhe der Schwankungen (ILamp) mit einem vorgegebenen Schwellenwert durchführt und den Regelsollwert (ILamp soll) nur dann verkleinert, wenn der Schwellenwert überschritten wird.
- Betriebsschaltung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche mit einer die Oszillatorschaltung (6, 7) mit einer Gleichspannungsleistung (5) versorgenden und an einem Gleichrichter angeschlossenen PFC-Schaltung, die auf die Gleichspannung (5) geregelt ist.
- Betriebsschaltung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche mit einer die Oszillatorschaltung (6, 7) mit einer Gleichspannungsleistung (5) versorgenden und an einem Gleichrichter angeschlossenen PFC-Schaltung, die auf die Gleichspannung (5) geregelt ist.
- Betriebsschaltung nach Anspruch 7, bei der ein Mikrocontroller (12) eine Zwangssteuerschaltung für die Oszillatorschaltung (6,7) und für die PFC-Schaltung enthält.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10225880 | 2002-06-11 | ||
DE10225880A DE10225880A1 (de) | 2002-06-11 | 2002-06-11 | Entladungslampenbetriebsschaltung mit einer Stromregelschaltung und einer Schaltung zur Detektion der Nähe zu einem kapazitiven Betrieb |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1372362A2 true EP1372362A2 (de) | 2003-12-17 |
EP1372362A3 EP1372362A3 (de) | 2006-04-05 |
Family
ID=29557753
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03012801A Withdrawn EP1372362A3 (de) | 2002-06-11 | 2003-06-05 | Entladungslampenbetriebsschaltung mit einer Stromregelschaltung und einer Schaltung zur Detektion der Nähe zu einem kapazitiven Betrieb |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6828737B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1372362A3 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2431666A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10225880A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110199094A1 (en) * | 2010-02-16 | 2011-08-18 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Gas Sensor Age Compensation and Failure Detection |
DE102010039430A1 (de) * | 2010-08-18 | 2012-02-23 | Osram Ag | Elektronisches Vorschaltgerät und Verfahren zum Betreiben mindestens einer Entladungslampe |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4723098A (en) * | 1980-10-07 | 1988-02-02 | Thomas Industries, Inc. | Electronic ballast circuit for fluorescent lamps |
EP0338109A1 (de) * | 1988-04-20 | 1989-10-25 | Zumtobel Aktiengesellschaft | Vorschaltgerät für eine Entladungslampe |
EP0430358A1 (de) * | 1989-11-29 | 1991-06-05 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Schaltanordnung |
US5696431A (en) * | 1996-05-03 | 1997-12-09 | Philips Electronics North America Corporation | Inverter driving scheme for capacitive mode protection |
WO1999034650A1 (de) * | 1997-12-23 | 1999-07-08 | Tridonic Bauelemente Gmbh | Elektronisches vorschaltgerät |
US6331755B1 (en) * | 1998-01-13 | 2001-12-18 | International Rectifier Corporation | Circuit for detecting near or below resonance operation of a fluorescent lamp driven by half-bridge circuit |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4928038A (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1990-05-22 | General Electric Company | Power control circuit for discharge lamp and method of operating same |
US5075602A (en) * | 1989-11-29 | 1991-12-24 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Discharge lamp control circuit arrangement |
US6008590A (en) * | 1996-05-03 | 1999-12-28 | Philips Electronics North America Corporation | Integrated circuit inverter control having a multi-function pin |
US5914572A (en) * | 1997-06-19 | 1999-06-22 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Discharge lamp driving circuit having resonant circuit defining two resonance modes |
US6400095B1 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 2002-06-04 | Tridonic Bauelemente Gmbh | Process and device for the detection of the rectifier effect appearing in a gas discharge lamp |
DE10225881A1 (de) * | 2002-06-11 | 2004-01-08 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Entladungslampenbetriebsschaltung mit Schaltung zur Detektion der Nähe zu einem kapazitiven Betrieb |
-
2002
- 2002-06-11 DE DE10225880A patent/DE10225880A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-06-05 EP EP03012801A patent/EP1372362A3/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-06-10 CA CA002431666A patent/CA2431666A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-11 US US10/458,676 patent/US6828737B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4723098A (en) * | 1980-10-07 | 1988-02-02 | Thomas Industries, Inc. | Electronic ballast circuit for fluorescent lamps |
EP0338109A1 (de) * | 1988-04-20 | 1989-10-25 | Zumtobel Aktiengesellschaft | Vorschaltgerät für eine Entladungslampe |
EP0430358A1 (de) * | 1989-11-29 | 1991-06-05 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Schaltanordnung |
US5696431A (en) * | 1996-05-03 | 1997-12-09 | Philips Electronics North America Corporation | Inverter driving scheme for capacitive mode protection |
WO1999034650A1 (de) * | 1997-12-23 | 1999-07-08 | Tridonic Bauelemente Gmbh | Elektronisches vorschaltgerät |
US6331755B1 (en) * | 1998-01-13 | 2001-12-18 | International Rectifier Corporation | Circuit for detecting near or below resonance operation of a fluorescent lamp driven by half-bridge circuit |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10225880A1 (de) | 2003-12-24 |
EP1372362A3 (de) | 2006-04-05 |
US20040036426A1 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
US6828737B2 (en) | 2004-12-07 |
CA2431666A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
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