EP1367191B1 - Panneau coupe-feu pour plafonds, cloisons ou planchers - Google Patents

Panneau coupe-feu pour plafonds, cloisons ou planchers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1367191B1
EP1367191B1 EP03010652A EP03010652A EP1367191B1 EP 1367191 B1 EP1367191 B1 EP 1367191B1 EP 03010652 A EP03010652 A EP 03010652A EP 03010652 A EP03010652 A EP 03010652A EP 1367191 B1 EP1367191 B1 EP 1367191B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panel
moulded part
ceiling
opening
fire
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03010652A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1367191A1 (fr
Inventor
Burkard Kaiser
Jörg Felske
Klaus Hausmann
Jörg Böcker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kaiser GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Kaiser GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kaiser GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Kaiser GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP06014791A priority Critical patent/EP1705304A3/fr
Publication of EP1367191A1 publication Critical patent/EP1367191A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1367191B1 publication Critical patent/EP1367191B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/02—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation of recess-mounted type, e.g. downlighters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B9/001—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by provisions for heat or sound insulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B9/006—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation with means for hanging lighting fixtures or other appliances to the framework of the ceiling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V25/00—Safety devices structurally associated with lighting devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a false ceiling, wall or floor plate for fire protection purposes, consisting of a single-layer or preferably multi-layered ceiling, wall or floor element of a fire and heat resistant fire protection material, in particular plasterboard, as well as an element holding support structure, wherein the element with an opening for the arrangement of installation parts or electrical components, in particular a recessed luminaire is provided, wherein in the region of the opening a pot-shaped molding (4) is arranged, which has on the inside and / or outside an insulating layer forming material which under the action of heat and / or fire puffs and / or a carbon barrier layer forms, wherein the interior of the molded part of the support structure facing away from the front of the element accessible and intended for receiving installation parts of the electrical components.
  • a false ceiling is known in which the arrangement of electrical components, such as a recessed light, the ceiling element itself is provided with an opening into which a fire protection box can be inserted from below.
  • This fire protection box consists of fire protection material in the area which faces the intermediate space located above the fire protection ceiling. On its underside, the box has a plate, in which the electrical insert is inserted.
  • a molded part which is suitable for use in a false ceiling, a wall or floor plate, consisting of a cup-shaped molding with the inside applied to the wall, an insulating layer forming material, with immersed in the mouth of the molding and projecting beyond the mouth plate ,
  • the present invention seeks to provide a false ceiling, wall or floor plate generic type, in which with simple, serially manufactured elements, the arrangement of installation parts or electrical components, such as recessed lights, is simplified.
  • the invention proposes that in a two-ply trained element, the rear element has an opening for the use of the molding in which the molding is inserted and immersed in the hole reveal, the mouth of the molding behind the front plane of the rear element penetrates the mouth of the molding behind the front plane of the rear element into the molded part, which have Ein Siliconosschrägen and resiliently supported on the hole reveal of the rear element, wherein the Mounting brackets have a stop surface which rest in the mounting target position on the front of the rear element.
  • the cup-shaped molding is to be introduced into a corresponding opening of the lower ceiling or plate, which provides the installation space for the arrangement of electrical components or recessed lights.
  • This molding can be manufactured inexpensively serial and requires no individual preparation.
  • the cup-shaped molded part is provided on the outside, on the side facing the substructure, or only on the inside, on the side facing the sub ceiling or in front of the wall or plate, or on both sides with a corresponding insulating layer.
  • the mounting hole occupied by the cup-shaped molding is protected and sealed by the inflating material or the material forming a carbon barrier layer.
  • the material does not have to be self-contained, but the shape of the material is ensured by the cup-shaped molding.
  • Corresponding materials that can form insulating layers for example, the material which is called ROKU-Strip by Kuhn, under the name Multifoam by the company Multi Vent or under carbon fiber A77 from AIK.
  • a corresponding false ceiling or panel according to fire protection class F90 see also DIN 18 180
  • a corresponding resistance time as for example by the fire resistance class F 90 is required.
  • feed cables or the like can be carried out by appropriate perforations in the wall of the pot-like front part, whereby these perforations are protected by the insulating layers, which inflate in the case of extreme temperature or fire and form a barrier layer, so that even in the region of these holes Air passage or the like is excluded. It is thus the necessary fire protection effect feasible.
  • the molding can in principle have any shape, so be cylindrical or even polygonal.
  • the gap between the molding and hole reveal is sealed with fire-resistant sealant.
  • a plate made of breathable, sound-damping, flame-retardant material is used in the form of a mixture of gypsum and cellulose fibers, said Molded on the inside with the insulating layer forming material is coated or coated, the material lies behind the mouth of the molding and the plate partially engages the mouth and abuts the end face of the material, but otherwise protrudes beyond the mouth, so that in the assembly target position the front of the plate is flush with the front surface of the rear element.
  • Such fibrous material panels are commercially available under the trademark "Fermacell”.
  • the resilient mounting bracket has a holding surface which rests in assembly target position on the front of the plate.
  • the mounting bracket forms approximately parallel to the perforation axis of the opening of the rear element extending passage regions for the sealant.
  • the front element of the two-layer element covers the mounting opening together with any plate inserted in the molded part, wherein in the front element in the region of the mouth the mold part, an installation opening can be introduced, optionally also in the underlying plate, or wherein the front element and / or the plate have a preformed mounting opening.
  • a preferred method for producing a false ceiling, a wall or floor slab according to one of claims 1 to 7 is specified in claim 8.
  • a false ceiling for fire protection purposes is shown. It consists in the embodiment of a two-layered plate-shaped element 1 of gypsum plasterboard of fire resistance class F90. Such plates have a thickness of 20 mm each. They are usually attached by means not shown in the drawing supporting structures to building ceilings, so that between the building ceiling and the ceiling a space for laying installation cables or the like remains.
  • the element 1 thus formed has an opening for the arrangement of electrical components and built-in components.
  • a recessed light 2 and a transformer electrically connected thereto is provided.
  • a pot-shaped molded part 4 is arranged, which on the inside has an insulating layer-forming material 5. This material inflates under fire and heat and / or forms a carbon barrier layer, so that in the area of the opening of the false ceiling the conditions of fire resistance class F90 can be met.
  • the interior of the molded part 4 is accessible from the underside of the lower ceiling, in particular of the element 1, ago and intended for receiving electrotechnical components, as shown in the drawing vividly.
  • the molded part 4 is preferably made of sheet metal, also perforated plate or expanded metal or a grid-like metal skeleton. When using this material, a good thermal conductivity is ensured, so that a good temperature distribution is achieved in the event of fire or the like. In addition, this structure forms a stable support for the foamable insulating material 5.
  • the insulating layer 5 can in a suitable manner with the molding. 4 be connected or just put on this. For example, it is possible to attach the insulating layer by gluing to the molded part 4. It is also possible to immerse the molded part in corresponding material, so that the coating takes place with the insulating layer 5. It is also possible to apply the insulating layer 5 by means of potting on the molded part 4.
  • the insulating layer forming material may also be constructed in the form of a form-containing body, which is merely slipped on the molding or inserted into the molding 4. If the insulating layer consists of a form-containing body, it may be possible to dispense partially or completely with the arrangement of the mold-containing molded part 4.
  • the element 1 is formed in two layers.
  • the rear, in the drawing upper element 1 has an opening for the use of the molded part 4 from the front, ie from below in the drawing figure on.
  • the molding 4 is inserted into the opening of the rear element 1, so that it dips slightly into the hole reveal.
  • the mouth of the molded part 4 is behind the front plane of the rear element 1 back.
  • the spring resilient Mounting brackets 10 arranged, for example, three such brackets evenly distributed on the circumference. These mounting brackets 10 have legs 11 which form chamfers, so that when inserting the molding 4 in the corresponding opening from bottom to top in Figure 1 an insertion aid is formed.
  • the legs 11 are based in the mounting target position on the hole reveal of the rear element 1 resiliently.
  • the mounting brackets 10 have a stop surface 12 which abut in the desired mounting position on the front of the rear element 1.
  • the gap between the molding 4 and the hole reveal is lined with preferably fire-resistant sealant 13 and sealed.
  • a plate 14 made of breathable, sound-damping, flame-retardant material in the form of a mixture of gypsum and cellulose fibers used.
  • the molding 4 is coated or coated on the inside with the insulating layer forming material 5, wherein the material 5 is located slightly behind the mouth of the molded part 4.
  • the plate 14 which engages partially in the mouth of the molding 4 and abuts the end face of the material 5, but otherwise protrudes beyond the mouth of the molding 4, so that in the assembly target position, the front of the plate 14 with the Front surface of the rear Element 1 is aligned.
  • the resilient mounting bracket 10 has an additional support surface 15, which rests in the desired mounting position on the front side of the plate 14.
  • the gap between the plate 14 and the hole reveal of the rear element 1 with fire-resistant sealant 13 is sealed.
  • the mounting bracket 10 is a sheet metal part from which the support surfaces 12 and 15 are cut out and angled to opposite sides, wherein the support surfaces 12,15 are not in alignment, but are offset from each other, so that a passage gap for the sealant 13 is formed.
  • the spring arm 11 or the spring arms may be formed with corresponding perforations and cut surfaces, so that the passage of the sealant is ensured.
  • the mounting bracket can also grab with an envelope around the mouth of the molding 4 and there plug-mounted or latched.
  • the front element of the two-layered element 1 is arranged so that the installation opening together with the plate 14 inserted into the molded part 4 is covered in the assembly target position.
  • Either the plate 14 and the front element of the two-layer element 1 may initially be unperforated.
  • a corresponding perforation, the fitter, as soon as the structure of Figure 1 is completed, bring in order to use subsequent installation parts, such as a recessed light 2 in the opening thus created can.
  • the corresponding perforation is of course to be mounted so that it opens into the cavity formed by the molding 4.
  • the finished element consisting of the constituents 4,5,10,14 as a pre-assembly unit, is made available to the installer, this unit being put together ready for assembly and thus having no parts that are to be loosened or kept separate.
  • the fitter then inserts into the rear plate of the element 1 a corresponding hole into which the molded part 4 can be inserted and fixed by means of the fastening clips 10.
  • the sealant 13 is introduced, so that the gap between the molding 4 and hole reveal the plate 1 is filled.
  • the sealing material which is adhesive is applied in a thin layer or in the form of a bead so that it over the front surface of the rear element 1 protrudes.
  • the front plate of the element 1 can be applied and fixed, wherein the sealing compound is adhered in the region of the sealing gap.
  • the front plate of the element 1 can be perforated for the purpose of introducing installations in the molding 4 or at the same time the plate 14 are perforated, so that then the installation of a corresponding installation part, for example a recessed luminaire 2 is possible.
  • the embodiment shows the way of installation in a false ceiling
  • the invention is not limited to such a manner of installation, but such installations can also be made in wall surfaces or correspondingly designed bottom surfaces.
  • the shape of the molded part 4 is preferably circular in cross-section, but also polygonal designs are possible and useful.
  • the cylindrical shape is preferably chosen because it is easier to introduce circular holes in corresponding elements 1.
  • the invention provides a particularly cost-effective and serial to be manufactured installation option for suspended ceilings.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Faux plafond, panneau de cloison ou panneau de plancher à des fins coupe-feu, constitué d'un élément (1) de cloison, de plancher ou de plafond réalisé à plusieurs couches en un matériau coupe-feu incombustible et résistant à la chaleur, placoplâtre notamment, et d'une structure porteuse maintenant l'élément (1), sachant que l'élément (1) est pourvu d'une ouverture pour disposer des éléments d'installation ou des éléments électrotechniques, notamment une lampe encastrée (2), sachant qu'une pièce moulée en forme de pot (4) est disposée dans la région de l'ouverture, pièce qui présente sur le côté intérieur et/ou sur le côté extérieur un matériau (5) formant une couche isolante, matériau qui sous l'action de la chaleur et/ou du feu se gonfle et/ou forme une couche de barrage de carbone, sachant que l'espace intérieur de la pièce moulée (4) est accessible par le côté avant, opposé à la structure porteuse, de l'élément (1) et est destiné à recevoir des éléments d'installation des éléments électrotechniques (2), caractérisé en ce que, dans le cas d'un élément (1) réalisé à deux couches, l'élément arrière présente une ouverture pour l'insertion de la pièce moulée (4), dans laquelle la pièce moulée (4) est insérée et s'enfonce dans la surface intérieure du perçage, sachant que l'embouchure de la pièce moulée (4) se trouve en retrait en arrière du plan avant de l'élément arrière, et en ce que des attaches de fixation élastiques (10) sont maintenues sur la pièce moulée (4) à proximité de l'embouchure, lesquelles présentent des biais (11) d'aide à l'introduction et s'appuient élastiquement contre la surface intérieure du perçage de l'élément arrière, sachant que les attaches de fixation (10) présentent une surface de butée (12) qui, dans la position de consigne de montage, s'applique contre le côté avant de l'élément arrière.
  2. Faux plafond, panneau de cloison ou panneau de plancher selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'interstice entre la pièce moulée (4) et la surface intérieure du perçage est colmaté avec un mastic d'étanchéité (13) résistant au feu.
  3. Faux plafond, panneau de cloison ou panneau de plancher selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'une plaque (14) en matériau respirant, insonorisant et difficilement inflammable, sous la forme d'un mélange de plâtre et de fibres cellulosiques, est insérée dans l'embouchure de la pièce moulée (4), sachant que la pièce moulée (4) est garnie ou revêtue sur le côté intérieur du matériau (5) formant la couche isolante, que le matériau (5) se trouve en retrait en arrière de l'embouchure de la pièce moulée (4) et que la plaque (14) s'engage pour partie dans l'embouchure en s'appliquant contre la face frontale du matériau (5), mais dépasse pour le reste de l'embouchure, de sorte que, dans la position de consigne de montage, le côté avant de la plaque (14) est aligné avec la face avant de l'élément arrière.
  4. Faux plafond, panneau de cloison ou panneau de plancher selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'attache de fixation élastique (10) présente une surface de retenue (15) qui, dans la position de consigne de montage, s'applique contre le côté avant de la plaque (14).
  5. Faux plafond, panneau de cloison ou panneau de plancher selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'interstice entre la plaque (14) et la surface intérieure du perçage de l'élément arrière est également colmaté avec un mastic d'étanchéité (13) résistant au feu.
  6. Faux plafond, panneau de cloison ou panneau de plancher selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'attache de fixation (10) forme des régions de passage pour le mastic d'étanchéité (13) qui s'étendent environ parallèlement à l'axe du perçage de l'ouverture de l'élément arrière.
  7. Faux plafond, panneau de cloison ou panneau de plancher selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'élément avant de l'élément (1) à deux couches recouvre l'ouverture d'encastrement ainsi que la plaque (14) éventuellement insérée dans la pièce moulée (4), sachant qu'une ouverture d'encastrement peut être ménagée dans l'élément avant dans la région de l'embouchure de la pièce moulée (4), éventuellement aussi dans la plaque (14) qui se trouve derrière, ou sachant que l'élément avant et/ou la plaque (14) présentent une ouverture d'encastrement préformée.
  8. Procédé de fabrication d'un faux plafond, d'un panneau de cloison ou d'un panneau de plancher selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que, dans le cas d'un élément (1) à deux couches, l'élément arrière est d'abord fixé sur une infrastructure, puis une ouverture d'encastrement est ménagée dans l'élément arrière, puis la pièce moulée (4) ainsi qu'une plaque (14) et des attaches de fixation (10) sont insérées et positionnées dans l'ouverture d'encastrement, puis un mastic d'étanchéité (13) résistant au feu est chargé dans l'interstice entre la pièce moulée (4), la plaque (14) et la surface intérieure du perçage du premier élément, puis une couche ou un boudin de mastic d'étanchéité supplémentaire, dépassant par rapport à la face avant de l'élément arrière, est de préférence appliqué sur le mastic d'étanchéité (13), puis l'élément avant est appliqué et fixé sur l'élément arrière, et enfin une ouverture de montage, qui débouche dans la cavité entourée par la pièce moulée (4), est ménagée dans l'élément avant et éventuellement dans la plaque (14).
EP03010652A 2002-05-29 2003-05-13 Panneau coupe-feu pour plafonds, cloisons ou planchers Expired - Lifetime EP1367191B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06014791A EP1705304A3 (fr) 2002-05-29 2003-05-13 Panneau coupe-feu de plafond, paroi ou plancher

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10223904 2002-05-29
DE10223904A DE10223904A1 (de) 2002-05-29 2002-05-29 Unterdecke für Brandschutzzwecke

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06014791A Division EP1705304A3 (fr) 2002-05-29 2003-05-13 Panneau coupe-feu de plafond, paroi ou plancher

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1367191A1 EP1367191A1 (fr) 2003-12-03
EP1367191B1 true EP1367191B1 (fr) 2007-06-27

Family

ID=29414249

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03010652A Expired - Lifetime EP1367191B1 (fr) 2002-05-29 2003-05-13 Panneau coupe-feu pour plafonds, cloisons ou planchers
EP06014791A Withdrawn EP1705304A3 (fr) 2002-05-29 2003-05-13 Panneau coupe-feu de plafond, paroi ou plancher

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06014791A Withdrawn EP1705304A3 (fr) 2002-05-29 2003-05-13 Panneau coupe-feu de plafond, paroi ou plancher

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (2) EP1367191B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE365841T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10223904A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004007453B4 (de) * 2004-02-13 2015-12-03 Kaiser Gmbh & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft Formteil
US7470048B2 (en) * 2004-06-09 2008-12-30 Liangju Wu Fire-rated recessed downlight
GB0510494D0 (en) * 2005-05-23 2005-06-29 Aurora Ltd Improvements to fire related downlights
FR2895489B1 (fr) * 2005-12-27 2008-05-30 Jerome Martin Dispositif de securite pour plafonds et faux-plafonds
DE202006015399U1 (de) * 2006-10-06 2008-02-14 Viessmann Kältetechnik AG Vorgefertigtes Wandpaneel
JP2010257745A (ja) * 2009-04-24 2010-11-11 Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd 照明器具
DE202014105845U1 (de) * 2014-12-04 2016-03-07 Kaiser Gmbh & Co Kg Hohldecke mit Brandschutzgehäuse sowie Brandschutzgehäuse
CN110332485B (zh) * 2019-07-17 2021-03-23 江苏舒适照明有限公司 一种模组射灯的散热结构
CN115042912B (zh) * 2022-07-15 2023-09-26 靖江亚泰船用物资有限公司 一种船舶上建b15级复合岩棉板的耐火安装结构

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4225193A1 (de) * 1992-07-30 1994-02-17 Amf Mineralfaser Gmbh Wand-, Deckenplatte o.dgl. und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

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EP0044614A3 (fr) * 1980-06-27 1982-05-19 TBA Industrial Products Limited Fibres de verre
DE9318416U1 (de) 1993-12-02 1994-03-17 Promat Gmbh Unterdecke für Brandschutzzwecke
GB9501391D0 (en) * 1995-01-25 1995-03-15 Environmental Seals Ltd Ventilated covers for electrical fittings
EP0787236A1 (fr) * 1995-07-21 1997-08-06 TBA Industrial Products Limited Ameliorations relatives aux dispositifs de protection contre le feu
ATE215203T1 (de) * 1997-07-08 2002-04-15 Euro Passive Fire Prot Ltd Belüftete verschalung für elektrische beleuchtungsgeräte
US6105334A (en) * 1997-09-16 2000-08-22 Logic Construction Systems, L.L.C. Fire resistant lighting enclosure
EP0909919A3 (fr) * 1997-10-14 2000-03-22 Carboline Europe Limited Capuchon coupe-feu pour projecteurs encastrés
GB2345125B (en) * 1998-12-23 2002-05-01 Tenmat Ltd Intumescent downlighter cover and method of manufacturing same
DE20118692U1 (de) * 2001-11-19 2002-03-21 Trilux Lenze Gmbh & Co Kg Profilrahmen zur Befestigung einer Leuchte in abgehängten Decken

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4225193A1 (de) * 1992-07-30 1994-02-17 Amf Mineralfaser Gmbh Wand-, Deckenplatte o.dgl. und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50307546D1 (de) 2007-08-09
EP1705304A3 (fr) 2009-06-17
EP1705304A2 (fr) 2006-09-27
ATE365841T1 (de) 2007-07-15
DE10223904A1 (de) 2003-12-11
EP1367191A1 (fr) 2003-12-03

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