EP1356555B1 - Procede pour la production d'une electrode de bougie d'allumage - Google Patents

Procede pour la production d'une electrode de bougie d'allumage Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1356555B1
EP1356555B1 EP01984728A EP01984728A EP1356555B1 EP 1356555 B1 EP1356555 B1 EP 1356555B1 EP 01984728 A EP01984728 A EP 01984728A EP 01984728 A EP01984728 A EP 01984728A EP 1356555 B1 EP1356555 B1 EP 1356555B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
spark plug
noble metal
precious metal
laser beam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01984728A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1356555A1 (fr
EP1356555B2 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Juestel
Heinz Ulm
Konrad Funk
Martin Klassen
Jochen Fischer
Andreas Benz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=7671539&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP1356555(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1356555A1 publication Critical patent/EP1356555A1/fr
Publication of EP1356555B1 publication Critical patent/EP1356555B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1356555B2 publication Critical patent/EP1356555B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T21/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs
    • H01T21/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs of sparking plugs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for connecting an electrode of a spark plug with a noble metal according to the closer defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Spark plugs having an electrode such as e.g. A center electrode in which the forward end of the center electrode is provided with a noble metal tip or in which a noble metal is circumferentially disposed in a region has been known for some time from the prior art.
  • the EP 0 637 113 B1 describes a spark plug having a center electrode having a heat and erosion resistant nickel alloy, the forward end of the center electrode being formed with a noble metal tip of iridium or ruthenium.
  • the nickel alloy has a thermal conductivity of about 30 Wm -1 K -1 or greater.
  • the noble metal tip has a disk-like shape and is concentrically arranged at the front end of the electrode metal.
  • laser beams are applied to a noble metal tip / front end interface of the electrode metal, with the noble metal tip pressed against the front end of the electrode metal, whereupon the noble metal is to be deposited, with a corresponding force.
  • EP 0 575 163 B1 describes the welding of a noble metal chip on a center electrode of a spark plug, wherein the weld is at the periphery of the interface between the noble metal leaflets and the end surface of the center electrode.
  • a YAG laser is used for welding.
  • the EP 0 691174 A1 to derive a method in which a noble metal wire is applied to an electrode body by means of a pulsed or a continuous laser beam, wherein the noble metal wire is completely melted.
  • the material to be fastened to one another ie the electrode and the noble metal, is melted and solidified intermittently. This means that no continuous melt pool is generated.
  • a nickel alloy is used as the material for the electrode. Connecting by means of a pulsed laser beam produces unwanted, nickel-rich and thus less resistant to erosion and corrosion alloy areas.
  • the proposed method for bonding an electrode of a spark plug to a noble metal wherein the noble metal is locally connected to a generated by a continuous laser beam heat input to the electrode in a connection region, wherein the laser beam (3) is directed to the connection region, and wherein Noble metal is not completely, but only in the connection area is melted, in contrast the advantage that the surface irregularities are reduced.
  • the service life of the component during operation can be increased since such weak points can be avoided or at least minimized.
  • connection partners in the contact zone avoids the solidification cracks which are known when using pulsed laser beams, the corrosion attack along these cracks is also avoided, thus preventing a premature failure of the connection. This is particularly important when using the spark plugs in the engine area.
  • the heating and cooling rate of the melt zone region can be adjusted to the particular materials and the type of compound desired, thereby also achieving a particular phase composition in the bond region.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that the spectrum of melt zone geometries achievable with a continuous laser beam is much wider than is the case with a pulsed laser.
  • the precious metal insert is applied circumferentially over a certain width like a ribbon on the electrode.
  • Such produced electrodes are used for example in so-called Gleitfunkenkerzen or Heilgleitfunkenkerzen.
  • the precious metal insert is applied to an end face of the center electrode.
  • the noble metal insert When applying the noble metal insert on the front side of the center electrode, the noble metal part is not completely melted, but only in their connection area.
  • a spark plug electrode is provided with a tip of wear-resistant precious metal.
  • a diode laser can be used in addition to a Nd: YAG or CO2 laser.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic representation of a bonding method in which a noble metal is supplied to an electrode as a wire material
  • FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B in each case a schematic representation of a method step of a method according to the invention for connecting an electrode to a noble metal insert in the manner of a roof electrode.
  • FIG. 1 For example, a single-stage coating process of an electrode, ie, a method of bonding a spark plug electrode 1 to a noble metal 2, is shown.
  • noble metal 2 according to the present invention, a pure noble metal or any noble metal alloy can be understood, which is suitable for the particular application.
  • FIG. 1 shows in particular a section through the spark plug electrode 1, which here represents a center electrode which is filled in the region of a prefabricated groove 6 with a molten precious metal 2 and for example finds application in a Gleitfunkenkerze or Heilgleitfunkenkerze.
  • the section through the center electrode 1 according to FIG. 1 is carried out along the groove 6.
  • a continuous laser 3 is used, wherein, for example, a Nd: YAG or a CO2 or diode laser can be used.
  • a diode laser is particularly suitable since it is significantly more advantageous in terms of investment and operating costs than an Nd: YAG or CO2 laser today.
  • the noble metal 2 which may be platinum here, for example, is permanently supplied according to the preferred embodiment shown as a wire material and melted with the continuous laser beam 3 in the region of the prefabricated groove 6 on the center electrode 1 and filled as a melt 5 in the groove 6, so that the noble metal 2 is wound on the electrode 1 as it were.
  • the base material of the center electrode 1 is also melted, and an alloy of a small proportion of the melted base material of the center electrode 1 and of the material of the noble metal wire 2 is formed.
  • the heating and cooling rate can be adjusted, whereby the cracking in the melting zone and the electrode base material is further prevented or minimized. It is also possible by the variation of the heating and cooling rate, a wide variation in alloy compositions.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B Now is a manufacturing process for a further type of electrode, namely a so-called roof electrode shown.
  • a continuously operating laser beam (continuous wave or CW laser), preferably a Nd: YAG laser, is used to weld the connection between the noble metal 2 and the nickel alloy of the electrode 1 '.
  • a part of precious metal 2 preferably in a cylindrical shape, on a front side of the electrode 1 ', which here represents a center or ground electrode of a spark plug, placed or inserted into a recess 6 thereof.
  • the recess 6 in the end face of the electrode 1 ' is preferably formed such that upon insertion of the noble metal part 2, this fixed to the electrode 1' is connected.
  • connection partner namely noble metal 2 and spark plug electrode 1 'with a matched to the amount of energy of a CW laser speed in the direction of arrow 7.
  • the laser beam 3 is focused on the rotating, to be welded zone and switched on and off according to an energy lamp tuned to the connection partners with respect to the melting point, heat capacity, etc.
  • spark plug electrode 1 ' which tip consists of a noble metal 2 or a precious metal alloy, which is permanently connected to the nickel alloy of the electrode 1' via a uniform melting zone.
  • the noble metal 2 should not be completely melted, but only in its connection region in such provided with a precious metal electrode 2 1 ', a so-called roof electrode.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

L"invention concerne un procédé pour le raccordement d"une électrode (1, 1") d"une bougie d"allumage à un métal précieux (2). Selon le procédé de l"invention, le métal précieux (2) est relié localement à l"électrode (1, 1") au moyen d"une amenée de chaleur générée par un faisceau laser (3) fonctionnant en continu.

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé pour relier une électrode (1, 1') d'une bougie d'allumage à un métal précieux (2), le métal précieux (2) étant relié localement à l'électrode (1, 1') par apport de chaleur au moyen d'un faisceau laser (3) travaillant en continu, le métal précieux (2) étant relié à l'électrode (1, 1') dans une zone de liaison, le faisceau laser (3) étant dirigé sur la zone de liaison, caractérisé en ce que le métal précieux (2) n'est pas fondu complètement mais uniquement dans la zone de liaison.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le métal précieux (2) est appliqué à la périphérie de l'électrode (1).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le métal précieux (2) est appliqué sur un côté frontal de l'électrode (1').
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le faisceau laser (3) est formé par un laser Nd:YAG, un laser au CO2 ou un laser à diode.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un métal précieux (2) configuré en cylindre est appliqué sur le côté frontal d'une électrode (1') et est ensuite fondu à l'aide du faisceau laser (3) au niveau de la surface frontière entre le métal précieux (2) et l'électrode (1').
  6. Electrode (1, 1') de bougie d'allumage, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est fabriquée en recourant à un procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes.
  7. Electrode (1, 1') de bougie d'allumage selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est une électrode centrale.
  8. Electrode (1, 1') de bougie d'allumage selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est une électrode de masse.
  9. Electrode (1, 1') de bougie d'allumage selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisée en ce qu'elle présente essentiellement du nickel.
  10. Electrode (1') de bougie d'allumage selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est une électrode de toit pour bougie à étincelle glissante ou bougie à étincelle glissante à air.
EP01984728.4A 2001-01-24 2001-12-22 Procede pour la production d'une electrode de bougie d'allumage Expired - Lifetime EP1356555B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10103045A DE10103045A1 (de) 2001-01-24 2001-01-24 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zündkerzenelektrode
DE10103045 2001-01-24
PCT/DE2001/004927 WO2002060025A1 (fr) 2001-01-24 2001-12-22 Procede pour la production d"une electrode de bougie d"allumage

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1356555A1 EP1356555A1 (fr) 2003-10-29
EP1356555B1 true EP1356555B1 (fr) 2011-11-23
EP1356555B2 EP1356555B2 (fr) 2015-10-14

Family

ID=7671539

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01984728.4A Expired - Lifetime EP1356555B2 (fr) 2001-01-24 2001-12-22 Procede pour la production d'une electrode de bougie d'allumage

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US7192324B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1356555B2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004517459A (fr)
CN (1) CN100409518C (fr)
BR (1) BR0109425B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10103045A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2289875C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002060025A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1435375B1 (fr) * 2001-10-05 2014-07-16 Bridgestone Corporation Composition de caoutchouc
DE10255187A1 (de) * 2002-11-27 2004-06-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Verbinden einer Elektrode mit einem Edelmetallabschnitt
DE10352792A1 (de) * 2003-11-12 2005-06-23 Beru Ag Zündkerze und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
US7851984B2 (en) * 2006-08-08 2010-12-14 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. Ignition device having a reflowed firing tip and method of construction
AT506139B1 (de) * 2007-11-05 2010-08-15 Christian Francesconi Zündkerze mit edelmetallbeschichtung
JP4619443B2 (ja) 2009-03-31 2011-01-26 日本特殊陶業株式会社 スパークプラグ
EP2416461B1 (fr) 2009-03-31 2019-05-08 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Procédé de fabrication de bougies d'allumage
JP4928596B2 (ja) * 2009-12-04 2012-05-09 日本特殊陶業株式会社 スパークプラグ及びその製造方法
CN103155314B (zh) 2010-09-29 2014-10-08 日本特殊陶业株式会社 火花塞
JP5421212B2 (ja) * 2010-09-29 2014-02-19 日本特殊陶業株式会社 スパークプラグ
DE102011077279A1 (de) * 2011-06-09 2012-12-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrode für eine Zündkerze sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
JP2015022791A (ja) * 2013-07-16 2015-02-02 日本特殊陶業株式会社 スパークプラグ及びその製造方法
DE102017214311A1 (de) 2017-08-17 2019-02-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Zündkerzenelektrode sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Zündkerzenelektrode und Zündkerze mit Zündkerzenelektrode
DE102019201185A1 (de) 2019-01-30 2020-07-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zündkerzenelektrode, Zündkerzenelektrode und Zündkerze
DE102022202816A1 (de) 2022-03-23 2023-09-28 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Zündkerzenelektrodenedelmetallpin, Zündkerzenelektroden, Zündkerze und Verfahren zur Herstellung der Zündkerzenelektroden

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3727526A1 (de) 1987-08-18 1989-03-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zum herstellen einer zuendkerze fuer brennkraftmaschinen
JPH07109783B2 (ja) 1989-05-29 1995-11-22 日本特殊陶業株式会社 内燃機関用スパークプラグ
JPH05234662A (ja) 1991-12-27 1993-09-10 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd スパークプラグ用電極およびその製造方法
JP2853108B2 (ja) 1992-06-17 1999-02-03 日本特殊陶業 株式会社 スパークプラグ
JP2853109B2 (ja) 1992-07-27 1999-02-03 日本特殊陶業株式会社 スパークプラグの製造方法
JP3425973B2 (ja) 1992-08-19 2003-07-14 日本特殊陶業株式会社 スパークプラグおよびその製造方法
JP3344737B2 (ja) 1992-09-10 2002-11-18 日本特殊陶業株式会社 スパークプラグの製造方法
JPH06188062A (ja) 1992-12-17 1994-07-08 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd スパークプラグ用電極
JP3315462B2 (ja) * 1993-04-26 2002-08-19 日本特殊陶業株式会社 スパークプラグ
JPH0737674A (ja) 1993-07-26 1995-02-07 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd スパークプラグ
JPH0773954A (ja) 1993-09-06 1995-03-17 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd スパークプラグ用中心電極
JPH07249471A (ja) * 1994-03-10 1995-09-26 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd スパークプラグ
JPH07296943A (ja) 1994-04-27 1995-11-10 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd 中心電極の製造方法
JPH0825069A (ja) * 1994-07-08 1996-01-30 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd レーザ溶接装置、溶接状態管理方法及びスパークプラグ用中心電極の製造方法
JP3196601B2 (ja) 1995-10-11 2001-08-06 株式会社デンソー 内燃機関用スパークプラグの製造方法
JPH09219274A (ja) * 1995-12-06 1997-08-19 Denso Corp スパークプラグ
US6078129A (en) * 1997-04-16 2000-06-20 Denso Corporation Spark plug having iridium containing noble metal chip attached via a molten bond
US6337533B1 (en) * 1998-06-05 2002-01-08 Denso Corporation Spark plug for internal combustion engine and method for manufacturing same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR0109425B1 (pt) 2014-02-04
BR0109425A (pt) 2002-12-10
EP1356555A1 (fr) 2003-10-29
RU2003124073A (ru) 2005-02-27
JP2004517459A (ja) 2004-06-10
US20050176332A1 (en) 2005-08-11
CN100409518C (zh) 2008-08-06
EP1356555B2 (fr) 2015-10-14
RU2289875C2 (ru) 2006-12-20
US7192324B2 (en) 2007-03-20
WO2002060025A1 (fr) 2002-08-01
DE10103045A1 (de) 2002-07-25
CN1419724A (zh) 2003-05-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1356555B1 (fr) Procede pour la production d'une electrode de bougie d'allumage
EP2012961B1 (fr) Procédé de soudure d'une seule couche d'usure sur un matériau de base au moyen de plusieurs fils- électrodes fourrés, de poudre métallique et de poudre à souder
DE10237763B4 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung unlösbarer stoffschlüssiger Verbindungen von Bauteilen aus oxid-dispergierten-(ODS)-metallischen Werkstoffen durch Verschweißen und durch das Verfahren hergestellte Bauteile
EP2018242B1 (fr) Palier lisse, procédé permettant de le produire et utilisation d'un palier lisse de ce type
DE10027651C2 (de) Elektrode, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und Zündkerze mit einer derartigen Elektrode
WO2005082569A1 (fr) Procede de soudage de pieces metalliques de nature differente a joindre, en particulier de sites de liaison aluminium-cuivre
DE102017123278A1 (de) Grundkörper mit angelötetem Massestift, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendungen
DE2636131A1 (de) Pulvermetallgegenstand mit einer abriebbestaendigen oberflaeche
DE2517347A1 (de) Kontaktkoerper und herstellungsverfahren hierzu
EP1110284B1 (fr) Electrode de bougie d'allumage
EP1413029B1 (fr) Procede pour mettre en place une pointe de metal noble sur une electrode, electrode et bougie d'allumage
EP1640108B1 (fr) Procédé de fabrication d'un contact
AT521546B1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verbindung zwischen zwei metallischen Bauteilen
DE10103046B4 (de) Verfahren zum Verbinden von Edelmetall auf eine Elektrode einer Zündkerze und eine Zündkerze
DE102004050164A1 (de) Schweißverfahren
EP1161571B1 (fr) Procede permettant d'usiner la surface d'une piece
DE102019134727A1 (de) Schweißelektrode und Verwendung der Schweißelektrode
EP0561812B1 (fr) Electrode et procede pour sa fabrication
EP2260966A1 (fr) Procédé de liaison partielle à l'aide d'un faisceau laser de composants en utilisant des matériaux pâteux pouvant fondre
DE102019212881A1 (de) Verfahren zum Lasermikroschweißen zweier Bauteile und Bauteileverbund
DE10230269B3 (de) Zündkerze
DE4409746A1 (de) Verfahren zur lokalen Modifizierung von Werkstoffeigenschaften, insbesondere zum Laserlegieren von Metallteilen zwecks Erhöhung der lokalen Festigkeit und/oder des Verschleißwiderstandes
DE102016226103B3 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrischen Verbindung und elektrische Verbindung zwischen zwei Komponenten
WO2022063660A1 (fr) Électrode de bougie d'allumage ainsi que bougie d'allumage pourvue de ladite électrode de bougie d'allumage et procédé de fabrication de ladite électrode de bougie d'allumage
DE102023001903A1 (de) Verfahren zum Verbinden von mindestens zwei Bauteilen

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20030825

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: FUNK, KONRAD

Inventor name: KLASSEN, MARTIN

Inventor name: JUESTEL, THOMAS

Inventor name: FISCHER, JOCHEN

Inventor name: BENZ, ANDREAS

Inventor name: ULM, HEINZ

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20070124

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 50116011

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20120223

PLBI Opposition filed

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260

26 Opposition filed

Opponent name: LORENZ SEIDLER GOSSEL

Effective date: 20120619

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R026

Ref document number: 50116011

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20120619

PLAX Notice of opposition and request to file observation + time limit sent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNOBS2

PLAF Information modified related to communication of a notice of opposition and request to file observations + time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCOBS2

PLBB Reply of patent proprietor to notice(s) of opposition received

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNOBS3

APBM Appeal reference recorded

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNREFNO

APBP Date of receipt of notice of appeal recorded

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNNOA2O

APAH Appeal reference modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCREFNO

APBU Appeal procedure closed

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNNOA9O

PUAH Patent maintained in amended form

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009272

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: PATENT MAINTAINED AS AMENDED

27A Patent maintained in amended form

Effective date: 20151014

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B2

Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R102

Ref document number: 50116011

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 15

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 16

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20171219

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20171221

Year of fee payment: 17

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20171218

Year of fee payment: 17

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20181222

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181231

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181222

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181222

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20210217

Year of fee payment: 20

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R071

Ref document number: 50116011

Country of ref document: DE