EP1161571B1 - Procede permettant d'usiner la surface d'une piece - Google Patents

Procede permettant d'usiner la surface d'une piece Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1161571B1
EP1161571B1 EP00903632A EP00903632A EP1161571B1 EP 1161571 B1 EP1161571 B1 EP 1161571B1 EP 00903632 A EP00903632 A EP 00903632A EP 00903632 A EP00903632 A EP 00903632A EP 1161571 B1 EP1161571 B1 EP 1161571B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
component
processed
cylinder
crankcase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP00903632A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1161571A1 (fr
Inventor
Rolf Heinemann
Klaus Färber
Thomas Heider
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
Original Assignee
Volkswagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Priority claimed from DE19941564A external-priority patent/DE19941564A1/de
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Publication of EP1161571A1 publication Critical patent/EP1161571A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1161571B1 publication Critical patent/EP1161571B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/01—Selective coating, e.g. pattern coating, without pre-treatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/18—After-treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for processing a surface of a component by means of a plasma jet in a processing zone, according to the preamble of Claim 1.
  • hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloys mainly used for cylinder crankcases are unsuitable for the tribological loading of the piston-piston ring-cylinder raceway system due to the low proportion of the wear-resistant silicon phase.
  • Hypereutectic alloys such as the AlSil 7 Cu 4 Mg alloy, have a sufficient proportion of silicon crystallites.
  • This hard, wear-resistant structural component is highlighted by chemical and / or mechanical processing stages compared to the matrix consisting of the aluminum mixed crystal and forms a required wing portion.
  • the castability, the poor machinability and the high cost of this alloy are disadvantageous compared to the hypoeutectic and nearutectic alloys.
  • sub- and near-eutectic alloys are made of galvanic Coatings applied directly to the raceways.
  • this is expensive and Insufficiently stable tribochemically.
  • thermal Spray layers which are also applied directly to the tread. The However, the adhesive strength of these layers is due to a sole micromechanical Insufficient brackets.
  • the present invention has for its object an improved method of To provide the above type, which has the aforementioned disadvantages eliminated and rapid production achieved in a short process time.
  • the Particle beam at least partially in the surface of the component to be machined sweeps a predetermined pattern.
  • Thermal spraying by means of flame spraying is expediently Plasma spraying carried out with a plasma jet or HV spraying.
  • the predetermined pattern comprises at least one, in particular two opposite or more spiral-like strokes of the surface to be processed with a predetermined slope with an angle ⁇ of, for example, 1 ° to 90 °.
  • the pattern comprises a linear, angular, crosswise and / or point-like painting of the surface to be processed. If here the surface to be machined is a cylinder running surface for a piston in is a cylinder of a crankcase of an internal combustion engine, then the Appropriately in a predetermined pattern in an area between an upper and lower dead center of the piston.
  • the plasma beam scans the surface of the component to be machined at least partially over the entire surface, in order to to achieve full-surface alloy.
  • the full area sweep is preferred in one Area of the top and / or bottom dead center of the piston is carried out.
  • the full-area sweep is at least at a height carried out, which corresponds to a width of a piston ring packet of the piston, wherein it is particularly preferred that the full sweep across the width of the Piston ring package overhangs by 12% of a piston stroke, for example by approx. 5 mm.
  • the surface of the component is additionally processed with a laser beam, especially remelted.
  • component is made of aluminum and is in particular a Crankcase of a reciprocating internal combustion engine, on its cylinder surfaces of cylinders the coating is carried out.
  • a cooling medium in particular gas, nitrogen or a coolant.
  • a powdery material in particular silicon or a silicon alloy, applied to the material of the component, this
  • the material of the component is preferably aluminum.
  • a wear-resistant surface in particular in the form of a thermal spray coating, on the surface of the component educated. It is particularly advantageous to the machining process Production of the wear-resistant surface post-processing by means of a honing process connect through which the hardened surface is smoothed.
  • the preferred embodiment of a device for Surface processing includes a plasma torch 10 and a laser 12, the Plasma torch 10 a plasma jet 14 with a coating material 16 and the Laser 12 emits a laser beam 18.
  • a component to be machined is not a here crankcase shown with corresponding cylinder bores 19, wherein a surface 20 of a cylinder wall 22 is to be machined.
  • the crankcase is For example, made of aluminum and the surface 20 is used for Form a wear-resistant surface in the area of a cylinder raceway on which a piston, not shown, moves up and down in the cylinder 19.
  • the Coating material 16, for example, powdered silicon, which as fused coating elements by means of the plasma beam 14 on the Surface 20 are applied.
  • the plasma jet 14 sweeps over the Surface 20 by inserting the plasma torch 10 into the cylinder 19 while doing so is rotated about its own axis, as indicated by arrows 24 (Fig. 1) and 25 (Fig. 2).
  • the area on which the plasma beam 14 currently strikes is hereinafter referred to as Processing area or coating zone 26 designated. Done in this area an entry of the coating material 16 into the material of the cylinder wall 22.
  • the laser 12 provided in addition to the plasma torch 10 is arranged such that it hits the surface 20 in the machining direction 25 in front of the plasma jet 14.
  • the energy of the laser 12 is chosen such that at the point of impact of the Laser beam 18 of the material of the cylinder wall 22 melts, so that immediately before the plasma jet 14 strikes, a melt or a melt bath 28 arises.
  • the plasma beam 14 lags behind the laser beam 18 and carries it the coating material 16 contained in the plasma onto the melt 28.
  • the coating material 16 is optimally incorporated into the material of the Cylinder wall 22 alloyed.
  • the distance between laser beam 18 and Plasma beam 14 includes a function of laser power, the desired one Melting depth, the melting length, the reflectance of the material Cylinder wall 22 and the diameter of the cylinder 19.
  • plasma jet 14 does not take place over the entire cylinder running surface over the entire area, but in a predetermined area according to a predetermined Template. 3 to 5 show examples of such patterns for a laser alloy and - order lane 29.
  • a sweep takes place in areas of an upper one Dead center 30 (OT) and a bottom dead center 32 (UT) one not shown Piston over the entire surface and at a height which corresponds to a height 34 of a Piston ring pack corresponds to plus, for example, 5 mm, corresponding to 12% of a stroke of the piston.
  • the Surface 20 helical or spiral with a pitch angle ⁇ 36 of for example 1 ° to 90 °.
  • the surface 20 is swept by two opposite helices.
  • Training also provided three or more coils.
  • the surface 20 is swept linearly, angularly, crosswise or punctiform.
  • the laser 12 is used to detect a silicon portion 16 in an edge layer of an underutectic or nearutectic aluminum alloy Increase cylinder wall 22. This is done in the one-step procedure shown during the laser process with a suitable supply of AlSi powder into the generated one Melt 28 introduced. Depending on the stress, you can Layer thicknesses of over 2 mm can be realized. This will only be a minor one Degree of mixing with the base material is sought.
  • the silicon content in the feed Powder ranges between 20% and 40%. Are considerably less Layer thicknesses with a high degree of mixing are required, powder 16 with Silicon shares between 40% and 60% used. Since the powder particles 16 are to dissolve completely in the melt 28, it is necessary via the Process parameters feed rate and laser power a minimal Ensure melt life. For an inexpensive machining is one suitable beam intensity distribution preferred. Furthermore, melting lenses are possible Rectangular cross-section and therefore little track overlap advantageous.
  • the layer structure consists of the substrate material, one thin alloyed zone with dissolved and partially only melted former powder particles 16 and a relatively thick spray layer.
  • the layer adhesion between spray and Increase alloy layer considerably. This saves an otherwise necessary, complex and expensive preparation of the surface 20 to be coated (cleaning and Blasting) in order to achieve sufficient layer adhesion of a spray layer. there can adhere to the described coating process for the surface of a component connect another honing process to smooth it.
  • An alternative and special preferred embodiment of the invention is thermal spraying and To combine laser surface treatment in such a way that when the entire surface is applied Coating material 16 by means of thermal spraying or with a full surface spray-coated raceway of a cylinder is only a partial tracking of the Lasers or laser beams takes place, the track analogous to that above with respect to Plasma coating explained pattern is formed.
  • the laser runs for this For example, constantly with the spray coating, but only partially switched on so that a desired pattern results.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Procédé permettant d'usiner la surface d'une pièce avec un faisceau de particules généré par métallisation à chaud, caractérisé en ce que le faisceau de particules balaye la surface à usiner de la pièce au moins partiellement selon un modèle prédéfini, le modèle prédéfini comprenant au moins partiellement un, notamment deux balayages en sens inverse ou plus hélicoïdaux de la surface à usiner avec un pas prédéfini, un matériau de la pièce étant amené en fusion avec un rayon laser immédiatement avant le point d'impact, au point d'impact et/ou après le point d'impact du faisceau de particules.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la métallisation à chaud est réalisée par métallisation à la flamme, métallisation au plasma avec un jet de plasma ou métallisation HV.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le pas englobe un angle α compris entre 1° et 90°.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la surface à usiner est une glace de cylindre pour un piston dans un cylindre d'un carter de vilebrequin d'un moteur à combustion interne et le balayage selon un modèle prédéfini est effectué dans une zone entre un point mort haut et un point mort bas du piston.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le modèle comprend un balayage rectiligne, angulaire, croisé et/ou ponctuel de la surface à usiner.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le jet de plasma balaye la surface à usiner de la pièce au moins partiellement sur toute la surface.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la surface à usiner est une glace de cylindre pour un piston dans un cylindre d'un carter de vilebrequin d'un moteur à combustion interne et le balayage sur toute la surface est effectué dans une zone entre un point mort haut et un point mort bas du piston.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le balayage sur toute la surface est effectué au moins sur une hauteur qui correspond à une largeur d'un jeu de segments du piston.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le balayage sur toute la surface dépasse de la largeur du jeu de segment sur environ 12 % d'une course du piston, par exemple sur environ 5 mm.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la mise en fusion avec le rayon laser est effectuée selon un modèle prédéfini.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce qu'un bain de fusion est formé avec la mise en fusion du matériau de la pièce.
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la pièce est un carter de vilebrequin d'un moteur à combustion interne à piston alternatif, sur la glace de cylindre des cylindres duquel est effectué le revêtement.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que pendant l'usinage, un espace d'eau du carter de vilebrequin est parcouru par un fluide de refroidissement, notamment du gaz, de l'azote ou un liquide de refroidissement.
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un matériau poudreux, notamment du silicium ou un alliage de silicium est appliqué sur le matériau de la pièce à l'aide du faisceau de particules.
  15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la pièce est fabriquée en aluminium.
  16. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'usinage de la surface produit une surface résistante à l'usure sur la surface de la pièce, notamment sous la forme d'une couche de métallisation à chaud.
  17. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le processus de métallisation à chaud est suivi d'un rodage de la surface revêtue.
EP00903632A 1999-02-19 2000-01-26 Procede permettant d'usiner la surface d'une piece Revoked EP1161571B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19907102 1999-02-19
DE19907102 1999-02-19
DE19941564 1999-09-01
DE19941564A DE19941564A1 (de) 1999-02-19 1999-09-01 Verfahren zum Bearbeiten einer Oberfläche eines Bauteils
PCT/EP2000/000572 WO2000049195A1 (fr) 1999-02-19 2000-01-26 Procede permettant d'usiner la surface d'une piece

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1161571A1 EP1161571A1 (fr) 2001-12-12
EP1161571B1 true EP1161571B1 (fr) 2004-06-16

Family

ID=26051948

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00903632A Revoked EP1161571B1 (fr) 1999-02-19 2000-01-26 Procede permettant d'usiner la surface d'une piece

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1161571B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1192123C (fr)
WO (1) WO2000049195A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7458358B2 (en) * 2006-05-10 2008-12-02 Federal Mogul World Wide, Inc. Thermal oxidation protective surface for steel pistons
CN104419883A (zh) * 2013-09-09 2015-03-18 北京赛亿科技股份有限公司 一种内燃机铝活塞燃烧室面等离子束强化处理方法
CN104031280A (zh) * 2014-06-16 2014-09-10 滁州市宏源喷涂有限公司 一种塑料表面硬化的处理工艺

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD242638A1 (de) * 1985-11-18 1987-02-04 Ibr Fuer Entwickl Techn U Rat Verfahren zur haftfestigkeitsverbesserung von metallspritzschichten

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4897283A (en) * 1985-12-20 1990-01-30 The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Process of producing aligned permanent magnets
US5079043A (en) * 1990-12-03 1992-01-07 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Method for spraying a coating on a disk
US5271967A (en) * 1992-08-21 1993-12-21 General Motors Corporation Method and apparatus for application of thermal spray coatings to engine blocks

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD242638A1 (de) * 1985-11-18 1987-02-04 Ibr Fuer Entwickl Techn U Rat Verfahren zur haftfestigkeitsverbesserung von metallspritzschichten

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1340111A (zh) 2002-03-13
EP1161571A1 (fr) 2001-12-12
CN1192123C (zh) 2005-03-09
WO2000049195A1 (fr) 2000-08-24

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