Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
  • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
  • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
  • C03B5/235—Heating the glass
  • C03B5/2353—Heating the glass by combustion with pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, e.g. using oxy-fuel burners or oxygen lances
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
  • C03B3/00—Charging the melting furnaces
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
  • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
  • C03B5/12—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in shaft furnaces
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
  • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
  • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
  • C03B5/26—Outlets, e.g. drains, siphons; Overflows, e.g. for supplying the float tank, tweels
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
  • F27B14/08—Details specially adapted for crucible or pot furnaces
  • F27B14/0806—Charging or discharging devices
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
  • F27B14/08—Details specially adapted for crucible or pot furnaces
  • F27B14/14—Arrangements of heating devices
  • F27B14/143—Heating of the crucible by convection of combustion gases
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
  • F27D3/15—Tapping equipment; Equipment for removing or retaining slag
  • F27D3/1509—Tapping equipment
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
  • F27D2019/0003—Monitoring the temperature or a characteristic of the charge and using it as a controlling value
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
  • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
  • F27D2099/0061—Indirect heating
  • F27D2099/0065—Gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
  • F27D99/0073—Seals
  • F27D2099/0078—Means to minimize the leakage of the furnace atmosphere during charging or discharging
  • F27D2099/008—Using an air-lock
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
  • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping

Definitions

• the invention relates to a melting furnace, in particular a melting furnace for melting glass, with a melting unit accommodated in a combustion chamber, which is provided with an addition opening for supplying parts to be melted and with an outlet opening for molten material.
• the melting unit consists of a vertically arranged tube which is provided with a gas-tight and fireproof jacket.
• the - usually ceramic - material from which the jacket of the tube is made depends on the raw material to be melted down, and is chosen such that reactions between the jacket material and the raw material to be melted down are reduced to a minimum.
• the tube has an addition opening in its upper end face, in which the raw material is added. An outlet opening for discharging the melt is provided in a lower region.
• the melting unit is housed concentrically in an insulated steel container.
• the annular space between the insulation of the container and the ceramic tube forms the combustion chamber in which the heat required for the melting process is generated by burning a gas, preferably natural gas.
• the material to be melted is thus fired indirectly.
• the exhaust gases generated during the combustion process are discharged via an exhaust pipe leading from the combustion chamber and do not come into contact with the melt or the raw material.
• the melt flow is usually controlled manually using a stopper rod.
• the plug rod has at its front end a conical plug section which interacts with the circular outlet opening. Moving the rod creates a more or less wide annular gap at the outlet opening, which determines the flow rate of the melt.
• the plug rod must be constantly readjusted during the melting process, adapted to the flow of the melt. Nonetheless, irregularities in the melt flow are inevitable and high mechanical wear must also be accepted. Furthermore, there is a risk that foreign particles can get into the melt and affect its quality due to the contact of the melt with the stopper rod.
• the object of the present invention is accordingly to improve the purity and homogeneity of the melt in a melting furnace, in particular in a melting furnace for melting glass.
• the plug rod used in known melting furnaces is therefore replaced by a temperature-controlled outlet nozzle.
• the viscosity of the melt is influenced by tempering the outlet nozzle. This allows the flow of the melt to be precisely controlled and adjusted. At the same time, the entry of foreign components is drastically reduced.
• a thermally connected, for example electrically operated, heating element is particularly suitable for the temperature control.
• the viscosity of the melt in the area of the outlet nozzle is reduced by heating.
• the outlet nozzle and heating element are ideally designed such that when the heater is not heated, the melt in the outlet nozzle solidifies and thus closes the outlet opening.
• the heating power emanating from the heating element is regulated.
• the heating element is connected to a control device, by means of which the output of the heating element can be regulated as a function of one or more measured physical and / or chemical parameters, such as temperature or viscosity of the melt.
• the temperature of the melt is a direct measure of the viscosity of a liquid.
• it is particularly advantageous to regulate the heating output by providing a temperature measurement by means of a thermocouple arranged in the region of the outlet opening.
• An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides for the outlet nozzle to be made of a material with good thermal conductivity, but with a low reactivity with regard to the chemical composition of the melt.
• a substance that is particularly suitable from these points of view is platinum, for example.
• the outlet nozzle is assigned a closing device, for example a valve or a flap, by means of which the flow of the melt through the
• Outlet nozzle can be quickly reduced and / or interrupted if necessary, without this requiring a change in the heating power at the outlet nozzle.
• FIG. 1 shows schematically the structure of a melting furnace according to the invention in cross section.
• the melting furnace 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a device for melting glass, which is preferably used for melting and / or glazing residual materials or for melting colored glass.
• the melting furnace 1 comprises an essentially tubular, vertically operated melting unit 2, which is accommodated concentrically in the interior of an essentially cylindrical combustion chamber 3. On its upper end face, the melting unit 2 is provided with an addition opening 4 for feeding raw material to be melted. In order to enable continuous operation of the melting furnace 1, the feed opening 4 is preceded by a lock arrangement 5. At its lower section, this indicates Melting unit 2 has an outlet opening 6 for draining off the melt formed in the melting unit 2. An outlet nozzle 8, which is described in more detail below, is arranged at the outlet opening 6.
• the wall 9 of the melting unit 2 consists of a heat-resistant and gas-tight, for example ceramic or metallic material.
• the material used is determined by the type and composition of the substance to be melted, in particular the material of the wall 9 should be such that it does not react as much as possible with the melt that forms inside the melting unit 2.
• a fuel feed 12 for gaseous fuel, for example natural gas, and a multiplicity of injection nozzles 13 for oxygen are passed through the wall 11 of the combustion chamber 3 provided with an insulating layer 10.
• the injection nozzles 13 are uniform all around
• a gas discharge line 17 is provided to discharge the exhaust gas formed during the combustion.
• the fuel introduced through the fuel supply 12 is burned with the oxygen added through the injection nozzles 13.
• the oxygen added through the injection nozzles 13.
• only a small amount is injected from the injection nozzles 13 of the uppermost row, and successively more oxygen is injected from the injection nozzles 13 of the rows below, a total amount of oxygen corresponding to the stoichiometric conditions being supplied.
• an outlet nozzle 8 is provided at the outlet opening 6 in order to discharge the melt produced in the melting unit 2 during the melting process.
• the outlet nozzle 8 is a piece of pipe made of a highly thermally conductive and chemically inert material, such as platinum, with a length of, for example, 1 to 4 cm.
• the outlet nozzle 8 is thermally connected to a heating device 19.
• the heating device 19 is, for example, a heating wire wound around the outlet nozzle 8. Heating the outlet nozzle 8 ensures that the melted material located within the outlet nozzle 8 is in the molten, ie flowable, state. Since the viscosity of a melt increases exponentially with decreasing temperature, a reduction in the heating power quickly leads to an increase in viscosity until the melt solidifies when the temperature falls below a limit determined by the composition of the melt and the melt flow through the outlet nozzle 8 is therefore interrupted.
• the heating device 19 is connected to a control device 20, by means of which the heating power can be adjusted.
• the control device 20 automatically regulates the heating power of the heating device 19 as a function of the temperature of the melt in accordance with a predetermined program.
• the temperature of the melt is recorded continuously or at predetermined time intervals by a thermocouple 21, which is arranged in the interior of the melting unit 2 directly in front of the outlet nozzle 8 or in the interior of the outlet nozzle 8, and which is also in data exchange with the control device 20. In this way it is possible to control the temperature and thus the viscosity of the melt flow emerging from the outlet nozzle 8 very precisely during the entire melting process.
• the outlet nozzle 8 is followed by a valve arrangement 18, for example a slide, which can be closed manually or in response to a control command from the control device 20 or can be set to a predetermined flow value.
• the melting furnace 1 is compact and flexible in use. By separating the melting and combustion chambers, a simple and inexpensive insulating compound can be selected for the insulating layer 10 of the combustion chamber 3, since there is no spatial contact between the outer insulating layer 10 and the melt. Since the exhaust gas does not come into contact with the melt, when natural gas is burned, it consists of almost 100% carbon dioxide and water vapor.
• the melting furnace 1 can be used both continuously and in batch mode and is particularly suitable in an excellent manner as a supplement to conventional furnace melting processes.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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ID=7666071

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Families Citing this family (10)

Family Cites Families (12)

• 2000
  • 2000-12-07 DE DE10060729A patent/DE10060729A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2001
  • 2001-11-30 US US10/433,694 patent/US20040063057A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-11-30 CZ CZ20031604A patent/CZ20031604A3/cs unknown
  • 2001-11-30 AU AU2002234533A patent/AU2002234533A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-11-30 WO PCT/EP2001/014024 patent/WO2002046672A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2001-11-30 EP EP01985347A patent/EP1350070A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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