Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
  • B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
  • B41M1/10—Intaglio printing ; Gravure printing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
  • B41C1/00—Forme preparation
  • B41C1/02—Engraving; Heads therefor
  • B41C1/04—Engraving; Heads therefor using heads controlled by an electric information signal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
  • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
  • B41M3/14—Security printing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
  • B41N1/00—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor
  • B41N1/04—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor metallic
  • B41N1/06—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor metallic for relief printing or intaglio printing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
  • B42D25/337—Guilloche patterns
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
  • B44F3/00—Designs characterised by outlines
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
  • B44F5/00—Designs characterised by irregular areas, e.g. mottled patterns

Definitions

• the invention relates to a data carrier printed in intaglio printing and to a method with which any image motifs can be transferred to an intaglio printing plate.
• the ink-transferring areas of the printing plate are provided with depressions.
• the depressions are filled with printing ink, the excess ink is removed from the surface of the plate by means of a wiping cylinder or squeegee so that only the depressions are filled with printing ink, and the colored printing plate is pressed against a substrate, which is usually made of paper.
• a wiping cylinder or squeegee so that only the depressions are filled with printing ink
• the colored printing plate is pressed against a substrate, which is usually made of paper.
• the substrate and printing plate are separated, the printing ink is transferred from the depressions in the printing plate surface to the substrate.
• a distinction is made between gravure printing and intaglio printing.
• intaglio printing on the other hand, the ink-transmitting depressions of the printing plate are not dot-shaped as in gravure printing, but are usually linear. Intaglio printing is therefore also called line intaglio printing.
• the contact pressure between the pressure plate or pressure cylinder and substrate is very high, which means that the substrate material is also permanently embossed during the printing process.
• the transferred printing ink has a pasty consistency and remains after transfer to the substrate and, if the ink layer is sufficiently thick, can not only form visible structures but also structures that can be sensed with the touch.
• the stitch drawing can be transferred to a transparent film by means of photographic processes, through which a layer of photoresist is exposed, which is located on the printing plate.
• the printing plate surface is exposed and the ink-receiving depressions are then produced by etching.
• the depth generated also depends on the line width, since fine lines For the same etching time, lead to a smaller etching depth than wide lines. It is only possible with this method to produce etching depths that differ greatly on a printing plate and are largely independent of the line width by etching repeatedly. In this case, additional covering layers are applied to or removed from the printing plate in regions between the individual etching processes. The additional work steps make this procedure very complex.
• the fineness of the structures that can be produced is limited and the result of the etching cannot be reproduced exactly.
• WO 97/48555 presents a method with which a drawing consisting of lines is transferred by engraving into the surface of a printing plate. For each line of the drawing, a path running along the edge contour of the line is calculated for the engraving tool. With this procedure, the restrictions resulting from the printing plate etching do not apply, the time-consuming and inflexible creation of a stitch drawing, which offers hardly any possibilities for subsequent changes, remains a necessary requirement for this method.
• WO 83/00570 explains a method with which a halftone image can be represented by freely chosen raster elements.
• the entire image area is covered with regularly arranged raster elements and the tonal value of an image area is reproduced by displaying the raster element corresponding to this image area with a line width that was previously assigned to the tone value in question.
• raster structures which are evenly arranged in the entire image area, produce a synthetic, inanimate expression, particularly in portraits.
• the object of the present invention is to propose a data carrier whose printed image produced by intaglio printing is more complex and is therefore more counterfeit-proof. Furthermore, a method is to be proposed with which any image motifs can be transferred to a gravure printing plate and which does not have the limitations of the prior art. In particular, the method is intended to enable a faster and more flexible implementation of an image motif, to facilitate changes and corrections to the graphic implementation of the image motif and to enable a more complex design of the printed image.
• a data carrier according to the present invention has a halftone image printed by intaglio printing, which is reproduced in stitch manner.
• the printed image has repetitive printed structural elements, for example lines or crossing lines, on which a fine structure is at least partially superimposed. Through the integrated in the structural elements Fine structures increase the complexity of the printed image enormously, thereby significantly reducing its ability to be copied and counterfeited. In addition, the visual impression achieved by the structural elements can also be changed by the fine structure. However, the expressiveness and liveliness inherent in a motif created in stitching technology, which is created by the individual design and arrangement of the line structures, is retained.
• the fine structures can be cut out, i.e. unprinted areas are formed, which are present in the printed structural elements, which can be continuous and continuous or interrupted at regular or irregular intervals. It is also possible to dissolve the printed structural elements by superimposing them with a fine structure, i.e. the area of the structural elements originally covered with color is replaced by individual printed characters or symbols reproduced in positive representation. Only the outline of the structural elements remains the same.
• the fine structures can form any text, alphanumeric characters, logos, symbols, geometric figures or the like.
• fine structures are designed accordingly, they can be used as visually visible or hidden additional information or authenticity features that can only be read using technical aids.
• a shaping of the fine structures as anti-copying structures is also possible.
• lines or the intersection areas of intersecting lines can be advantageously designed become. It is thus possible to leave out an unprinted line in a printed line, the unprinted line also being able to be designed as a double or multiple line.
• the unprinted line preferably runs exactly parallel to the geometric center line of the printed line.
• the cutouts can also be designed as signs, patterns, symbols which represent, for example, a readable text or a logo identifying the manufacturer. Depending on the size, such texts or symbols can easily be checked with or without tools, for example a magnifying glass.
• the structure element is formed by intersecting lines, in particular the entire intersection area or an area of a line running parallel to the intersection area can be left out. It is also possible to leave out any character or symbol in the intersection area and thus reproduce it in a negative representation.
• a structural element for example a line
• the characters or symbols can be connected to one another or spaced apart from one another and are preferably arranged along the geometric center line of the line to be resolved.
• the signs or symbols can be introduced in a constant or varying size. If the line to be resolved varies in line width, a preferred embodiment consists in reproducing the line without borders by characters or symbols varying in size and / or line width according to the line width.
• line thicknesses greater than or equal to 25 ⁇ m are preferred for the positive display are, while recesses are preferred for the negative display, which have a clear width of 35 microns or more.
• Positive and negative representations can also be combined as desired. In this way, both representations can not only be used at different points within a print image, but can also be combined in any structure and order in any structure element. Regardless of whether a positive or a negative representation is selected for the fine structure, characters and / or symbols can be combined as desired within a structural element, and adjacent structural elements can be designed with the same, regularly alternating or completely different fine structures. For the superimposition with a fine structure, those line structures are preferably used which have a line width of at least 200 ⁇ m in the printed image.
• an image motif is made available as a digital data record according to the method according to the invention, the image data being available as pixel data.
• the image motif is visually represented on the basis of the pixel data and can thus serve as a template for the subsequent graphic implementation of the image motif in the manner of a stitch drawing.
• individual line structures are generated which reproduce the contours and halftones of the image motif. Different line structures are created for areas of the image that are to achieve a different visual impression.
• the digital image data representing the line structures are stored in a vector-based data format. If desired, the individual lines of the line structures or the corresponding image data are processed in the electronic data processing system.
• the possibly processed digital image data are saved while maintaining the vector-based data format.
• a precision engraving device is then controlled on the basis of this digital image data in such a way that depressions corresponding to the line structures are produced in the surface of an intaglio printing plate.
• a particular advantage of this procedure in the production of intaglio printing plates is that the intermediate step of producing a physically existing stitch drawing by outputting the digital image data on a printer or imagesetter can be dispensed with.
• Conventional engraving or etching processes are dependent on this intermediate result. Since each additional intermediate step not only requires time and effort, but also represents a possible source of error, the method according to the invention is not only faster and more economical, but also safer. Because the output of a stitch drawing and its further use during engraving or etching is inevitably fraught with tolerances, the method according to the invention also allows a more accurate and true-to-size conversion of the image motif into the intaglio printing plate due to the direct further processing of the digital image data.
• the image motif can be scaled, rotated and mirrored as required using the electronic data processing system, without having to change anything in a figurative form that is always of a fixed size. There is also no need to make a new printout or to expose a film for each variation of the edited image motif.
• an image motif is reproduced by irregular line structures, not only continuous and interrupted lines are understood by this, but also dashed, dash-dotted and dotted lines. Other geometric symbols which are arranged at regular intervals along a mathematical line can also form a line structure in the sense of the invention.
• the engraving can be carried out by means of machining processes such as milling, scraping or planing, and also by means of non-contact material removal processes, such as laser engraving. Precision milling processes are preferred.
• the engraved plate can be used directly as a printing plate or as an original for common impression and duplication processes with which the printing plates used in intaglio printing are only created.
• an image motif must first be electronically recorded and digitized.
• an image is first made of the motif to be displayed, which is broken down into individual pixels, which are usually referred to as "pixels".
• pixels In addition to the coordinates, a gray or color value is also recorded for each pixel.
• the selection of the motif to be displayed is not subject to any Restrictions: Real objects, such as sculptures, buildings or landscapes, as well as halftone images, such as photographs or paintings, can be used as templates.
• a scanner which of course must have an adequate resolution, can preferably be used to digitize existing motifs
• the image of a real object is preferably a video camera or digital camera. used mera.
• the digital image data referred to as “pixel data” are stored.
• the pixel data is used to visualize the digital image data, preferably on a monitor. If desired or necessary, the pixel data are retouched electronically, which means processing them on an electronic data processing system. When retouching, distracting details can be removed, contours can be strengthened or weakened, or the contrasts of the image can be changed, if necessary only for individual image areas.
• irregular line structures are generated in an electronic data processing system by instructions of an operator, which reproduce the contours and halftones of the image motif to be displayed.
• the visual representation of the image motif made on the basis of the pixel data advantageously serves as a template.
• the conversion of the image motif into line structures is particularly facilitated if the digitized image reproduced by the pixel data is displayed on a monitor in the background while the operator creates the desired line structures in the foreground.
• the course of the lines generated can be predetermined manually by the operator, the coordinates of the line course lying in one plane being recorded by an input medium and transmitted to the data processing system.
• a drawing board or a computer mouse are particularly suitable for this, and a so-called trackball or joystick can also be used as an input medium.
• the digital image data that represent the line structures are stored in a vector-based data format. Particularly in the case of very high-resolution graphics, less storage space is required for a data format based on vector representation than for a pixel-based data format with a corresponding resolution. Due to the smaller amount of data, subsequent processing steps can be carried out more quickly.
• the engraving device is controlled in such a way that, in accordance with the course and the geometry of the line structures represented by the digital image data, depressions are produced in the surface of an intaglio printing plate which are intended for receiving printing ink.
• a value that is independent of the line width for the engraving depth in the printing plate can in principle be constant for all or part of the lines to be engraved, but it can also be calculated in a program-controlled manner using a predefined mathematical relationship depending on the respective line width. It is also possible for the operator to specify an arbitrary engraving depth for only a single line, a partial area of a line or a group of lines, as long as this is within the technological possibilities. Particularly with lines with a narrow line width, the depth of engraving that can be implemented is of course subject to manufacturing restrictions.
• the methods according to the invention allow simple processing of motifs to be printed, in particular processing of the structural elements according to the invention.
• the line width and the geometry of the line ends of individual lines can be changed in a targeted manner.
• the line ends can, for example, have a rectangular, semicircular or tapered geometry. It is also possible to stretch, compress, distort the lines or change their basic geometry.
• the opposite boundary edges of a line for example, do not have a parallel course, but rather an opposite curvature, so that the line or a line segment is given a lenticular or lance-shaped basic geometry. All processing steps can be carried out on a single line or at the same time on an entire group of lines, through which a complete image area is reproduced.
• the engraving leading to a printed line over the entire surface, but rather not to engrave an area along the geometric center line. If the engraving is only carried out along the two edges of a line, there is a double line within the specified line width.
• structural elements that consist of intersecting lines.
• the digital image data can be prepared for engraving in such a way that crossing points are not engraved. Data media printed with appropriate printing plates then have no printing ink in the crossing area of the lines.
• Another variant consists in that only one of two intersecting lines is engraved continuously, while the second is not continued, ie interrupted, in the intersection area and the two parts of the broken line do not touch the crossing, continuous line.
• Another variant is not only to split a line into a double line, but to render it pinnated, at least in sections.
• the intaglio printing process is preferably used for security and security printing, for example for the production of banknotes, shares, passports, ID cards, high-quality admission tickets and similar documents.
• the method according to the invention for the design of intaglio printing plates enables the structural elements described above to be implemented with such precision and delicacy that they can be used in the printed image as data carriers as visually visible security features or also only verifiable with the aid of a magnifying glass.
• the method for producing an image motif which is represented by irregular line structures, which is explained on the basis of the production of intaglio printing plates, is in principle also suitable for producing templates or printing forms for other printing methods. Since conversions of an image motif into a representation-like manner have so far not been carried out in the manner explained and their line structures are now superimposed for the first time with additional fine structures, the method according to the invention can also be used advantageously to to further process digital image data generated therewith, for example in a digital printer, film imagesetter, platesetter or other digital printing method.
• the possibilities and advantages explained above, such as liveliness, individuality and complexity of the manner of representation can also be used by the method according to the invention for further printing methods, such as, for example, offset printing.
• Fig. 1 the portrait of a person is reproduced in the manner of a stitch.
• These can consist of continuous or interrupted lines, such as in the image area of the coat and beard, or of dashed or dotted lines, as can be clearly seen in the area of the ear, cheek and forehead.
• such images are manually cut directly into a metal plate or drawn by hand on paper.
• different shades and color or gray values are reproduced by using different types of line structures for the differently toned image areas and / or by varying the line width and the line spacing.
• bright areas such as the area of the forehead, cheeks and ear in the present portrait
• fine, relatively far apart lines which are additionally dashed or dash-dotted or dotted.
• Dark areas of the image such as the hat or coat in the present portrait, are preferably represented by broad, closely spaced lines.
• a so-called “secondary layer” can also be superimposed on a first group of largely parallel lines, which is referred to as the “main layer” , which consists of a second group of lines that also run largely parallel.
• a painting that was digitized with the aid of a digital camera could have served as a template for the stitch representation of the portrait.
• the image data stored in a pixel-based data format were then electronically retouched, the contrasts of individual image areas being changed. It is often advantageous to emphasize or weaken the transitions of pronounced contours (for example folds in clothing or the outline of the nose). It has been shown that subsequent work steps are made easier if the retouched pixel data are visible to the operator and displayed on a monitor.
• the image based on the pixel data is displayed in the background, while in the foreground the operator creates the line structures that reflect the individual elements and details of the portrait.
• the course of a line is specified by the operator, for example on a drawing panel, which records the coordinates of the course and transmits it to a data processing system. If the line base geometry and the line width have already been determined, the line can be displayed instantly in the desired design on the monitor and is used by the operator for direct control of his actions.
• the process of creating a line based on the operator's specifications in conjunction with the simultaneous display of the generated line on the monitor thus largely corresponds to free manual drawing, but has the advantage that any electronically generated line structure can be subsequently edited as desired.
• FIGS. 2 to 8 show a detail of a stitch representation of a portrait. While parts of a facial contour can be seen in the upper left part of the picture, a section of the collar of the clothing and the shoulder 1 is shown in the middle and lower right part of the picture. It can be clearly seen in the image sections that different areas of the image motif are characterized by different, i.e. varying and thus overall irregular line structures are shown.
• FIG. 2 shows a portrait detail in a representation according to the prior art with continuous and interrupted, and partially wise crossing line structures.
• the individual lines have no additional sub- or fine structures.
• a fine structure has been superimposed on the line structures that represent the right shoulder area 1.
• the fine structure is present as a recess in the printed environment formed by the horizontal lines.
• the recesses form negative lines, which lie exactly on the center line of the printed lines forming the printed environment.
• the fine lines of the diagonal secondary layer are continuous, so that the cutouts, i.e. the negative lines at the intersections of the lines of the main and secondary location are interrupted.
• the fine lines of the diagonally running secondary layer are interrupted by the cutouts in the horizontal main layer.
• the cutouts in the main position are continuous negative lines.
• the cutouts in the horizontal lines of the main position of the shoulder region 1 form a very fine double line in a negative representation, which in turn runs exactly parallel to the geometric center line.
• the lines of the diagonal secondary layer are again not continuous, but are also interrupted by the recesses in the intersection with the lines of the main layer.
• the fine structure in the lines of the shoulder area 1 is formed by cutouts with a simple but different geometric contour in the form of circles and short lines.
• the cutouts in one Lines each have the same shape as a simple geometric figure, while successive lines each have different figures as recesses.
• negative structures are introduced in the line structures of the shoulder region 1, which alternately represent numbers with several numbers and letters in successive lines, the letters partially forming words.
• parts of the line structures representing the collar are provided with different fine structures in FIG. 6b) as an example for further possible combinations.
• the lines shown in negative representation that is to say omitted center lines, are superimposed.
• a fine structure was superimposed on the lines of the left collar part 3, which consists of spaced-apart recesses of simple elongated geometry.
• the fine structure is formed by cutouts in the printed lines, in which case a logo composed of the letters “G” and “D” is shown in negative form in this exemplary embodiment.
• the logo is repeated many times at regular intervals along the lines overlaid with the fine structure.
• FIG. 8a a fine structure is introduced in the horizontal lines of the right shoulder area 1, which reproduces the same logo as in FIG. 7.
• a positive representation was chosen for the logo, ie the logo is printed Structures reproduced in front of an unprinted environment.
• the line overlaid with the fine structure is largely dissolved and only a narrow edge contour remains.
• the logo is positioned exactly on the geometric center line and repeated many times along the center line.
• This figure shows a section of a different stitch representation than the previous figures.
• the detail shows part of a face portrait, the left eye area and head hair.
• One of the lines, which represents hair or a tuft of hair, is not designed over the entire surface, but is provided with a fine structure.
• the fine structure consists of capital letters in positive representation, which together form the term "Gutenberg".
• the arrangement and size or height of the letters follows the course and the outer contour of the original line, which represents a strand of hair.
• before and after the group of letters are very fine negative lines arranged transversely to the direction of the hair strand, which subdivide the hair line into shorter individual segments.
• the data carriers according to the invention are in no way limited to the fine structures shown in the exemplary embodiments. Any variations and combinations of different types and types of fine structures are possible within the meaning of the invention.
• FIG. 9 different variants of intersecting lines are shown schematically and in an enlarged representation as structural elements.
• 9a) corresponds to the prior art, in which both lines are printed over the entire surface.
• FIGS. 9b) and 9c) the crossing area is designed in a different way.
• the fine structure is that only one line is reproduced in the intersection area while the second is interrupted in the intersection area and is not printed in this interrupted area. The two parts of the broken line are so far apart that they do not touch the first continuous line.
• both crossing lines are interrupted in the crossing area and exactly the area that would be covered by both lines is left out.
• one of the two crossing lines is not reproduced over its entire area across its entire line width, but rather only along its two edges delimiting the line, and an area running along the geometric center line is left out.
• the recessed central region does not have a constant width over the entire length of the line, but tapers to a tip at the line ends.
• a line is carried out in a pinnate section. This section is not reproduced over the entire surface, but is broken down into individual, finer sub-lines, which can have a different geometry of the ends of the sub-lines.
• the ends of the partial lines have rectangular and tapering geometries. The total width of the partial lines and the gaps between them correspond to the line width of the original, not on feathered line.
• FIGS. 9b) to 9f) are different types of fine structures which can be integrated individually or in different combinations into the intaglio printing image of the data carriers according to the invention.
• the embodiments of lines or line crossings and fine structures described above can be carried out with such delicacy and precision that they cannot be reproduced with conventional methods known from the prior art.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
• Printing Methods (AREA)
• Facsimile Image Signal Circuits (AREA)
• Materials For Photolithography (AREA)
• Editing Of Facsimile Originals (AREA)
• Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
• Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)

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• 2000
  • 2000-09-08 DE DE10044403A patent/DE10044403A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2001
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