Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel polymorphic forms of risperidone.
• the present invention also relates to methods of making polymorphic forms of risperidone.
• RISPERDAL® is an antipsychotic agent belonging to a new chemical class, the benzisoxazole derivatives.
• the chemical designation is 3-[2-[4-(6-fluoro-l,2- benzisoxazol-3-yl)-l-piperidinyl]ethyl]-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4 H -pyrido[l,2- a]pyrimidin-4-one.
• Risperidone may be prepared by condensation of the following two intermediates, 6-fluoro-3-(4-piperidinyl)-l,2-benzisoxazole (Compound I) and 3-(2-chloroethyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4H-pyrido[l ,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one
• Polymorphism is the occurrence of different crystalline forms of a single compound and it is a property of some compounds and complexes. Thus, polymorphs are distinct solids sharing the same molecular formula, yet each polymorph may have distinct physical properties. Therefore, a single compound may give rise to a variety of polymorphic forms where each form has different and distinct physical properties, such as different solubility profiles, different melting point temperatures and/or different x-ray diffraction peaks. Since the solubility of each polymorph may vary, identifying the existence of pharmaceutical polymorphs is essential for providing pharmaceuticals with predicable solubility profiles.
• polymorphic forms of a compound can be distinguished in a laboratory by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and by other methods such as, infrared spectrometry.
• X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and by other methods such as, infrared spectrometry.
• polymorphs and the pharmaceutical applications of polymorphs see G.M. Wall, Pharm Manuf. 3, 33 (1986); J.K. Haleblian and W. McCrone, J. Pharm. Set, 58, 911 (1969); and J.K. Haleblian, /. Pharm. Set, 64, 1269 (1975), all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
• An object of the processes of the present invention is to provide more efficient and quicker methods for making pure risperidone.
• synthesis of risperidone from compounds I and II can done in acetonitrile and isopropanol, without using DMF, to give an improved and higher yield of about 75%.
• the present invention provides a process for the preparation of risperidone from the following two intermediates, 6-fluoro-3-(4-piperidinyl)-l,2-benzisoxazole (Compound I) and 3-(2-chloroethyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4H-pyrido[lJ-a]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound II) in acetonitrile.
• a ketone for example, acetone or ethyl methyl ketone
• risperidone DMF, which is harmful to humans and is a very difficult solvent to remove.
• Polymorphs of risperidone are mentioned in the Summary Basis of Approval (SBA) of New Drug Application 20-272 and 20-588, however the SBA does not identify them by recognized methods of crystal structure identification such as x-ray diffraction.
• SBA Summary Basis of Approval
• the present invention also provides forms of risperidone designated risperidone Form A, Form B and Form E.
• the present invention further provides a process for making risperidone comprising reacting Compound I with Compound II to form crude risperidone (III) in a solvent selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, isopropanol, methyl ethyl ketone and ts ⁇ -butanol.
• a solvent selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, isopropanol, methyl ethyl ketone and ts ⁇ -butanol.
• the crude risperidone is recrystallized from an alcohol; a mixture of alcohols; a mixture of water and alcohol; or from a ketone, e.g., acetone.
• the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, propanol, butanol, sec-butanol, zso-butanol and t-butanol.
• the alcohol is isopropanol.
• the alcohol is acetonitrile.
• the alcohol is isopropanol.
• the alcohol is iso-butanol.
• the ketone is acetone.
• the acetone is methyl ethyl ketone.
• the present invention also provides risperidone Form A which is characterized by x-ray powder diffraction peaks at 14.2 ⁇ 0.2, 21.3 ⁇ 0.2 degrees two-theta.
• the present invention also provides risperidone Form A of further characterized by x-ray powder diffraction peaks at 10.6 ⁇ 0.2, 11.4 ⁇ 0.2, 16.4 ⁇ 0.2, 18.9 ⁇ 0.2, 19.9 ⁇ 0.2, 22.5 ⁇ 0.2, 23.3 ⁇ 0.2, 25.4 ⁇ 0.2, 27.6 ⁇ 0.2, 29.0 ⁇ 0.2 degrees two-theta.
• the present invention also provides a risperidone polymorph that is characterized by a powder x-ray diffraction pattern substantially as depicted in Figure 1.
• the present invention also provides risperidone Form B which is characterized by x-ray powder diffraction peaks at 14.0 ⁇ 0.2 and 21.7 ⁇ 0.2 degrees two-theta.
• the present invention also provides a risperidone polymorph that is characterized by a powder x-ray diffraction pattern substantially as depicted in Figure 2.
• the present invention also provides risperidone Form B which is further characterized by x-ray powder diffraction peaks at 10.8 ⁇ 0.2, 11.9 ⁇ 0.2, 12.6 ⁇ 0.2, 14.0 ⁇ 0.2, 17.5 ⁇ 0.2, 18.3 ⁇ 0.2, 19.9 ⁇ 0.2, 21.0 ⁇ 0.2, 21J ⁇ 0.2 degrees two-theta.
• the present invention also provides risperidone Form E which is characterized by x-ray powder diffraction peaks at 16.5 ⁇ 0.2, 21J ⁇ 0.2degrees two-theta.
• the present invention also provides risperidone Form E which is further characterized by x-ray powder diffraction peaks at 16.5 ⁇ 0.2, 12.6 ⁇ 0.2, 21.7 ⁇ 0.2 ,
• the present invention also provides a risperidone polymorph that is characterized by a powder x-ray diffraction pattern substantially as depicted in Figure 3.
• the present invention also provides a process for preparing risperidone Form B comprising the steps, of: dissolving risperidone in a substantially water soluble alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms where the ratio of risperidone to alcohol is about 1:7.5 to about 1 :9; adding water to facilitate precipitation; and isolating risperidone Form B.
• the present invention also provides a process for preparing risperidone Form B comprising the steps of: dissolving risperidone in chloroform; adding cyclohexane or hexane to facilitate precipitation; and isolating risperidone Form B.
• the present invention also provides a process for preparing risperidone Form B comprising, the steps of: dissolving risperidone in an aqueous solution of HCl; adding an aqueous solution of Na 2 CO ; and isolating risperidone Form B.
• the present invention also provides a process for preparing risperidone Form A comprising the steps of: dissolving risperidone in an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, benzene, ethyl methyl ketone, n-butanol, methanol, isopropanol, absolute ethanol, acetonitrile, toluene, dimethyl sulfoxide, iso-butanol, and ethyl acetate or mixtures thereof; heating the solvent to reflux; cooling the solvent to facilitate precipitation; and isolating risperidone Form A.
• an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, acetone, benzene, ethyl methyl ketone, n-butanol, methanol, isopropanol, absolute ethanol, acetonitrile, toluene
• the present invention also provides a process for preparing risperidone Form A comprising the steps of: dissolving risperidone in dichloromethane; adding cyclohexane or hexane to facilitate precipitation; and isolating risperidone Form A.
• the present invention also provides a method for preparing risperidone Form A comprising the step of: heating risperidone Form B at a temperature of about 25°C to about 80°C for a time sufficient to induce to formation of risperidone Form A; and isolating risperidone Form A.
• the heating takes place under reduced pressure or at atmospheric pressure.
• the temperature is about 80°C.
• the time for heating is about 16 to about 20 hours.
• the present invention also provides a process for preparing risperidone Form E comprising the steps of: dissolving risperidone in isopropanol where the ratio of risperidone to isopropanol is about 1:12; adding water to facilitate precipitation; and isolating risperidone Form E.
• Figure 1 is a characteristic x-ray powder diffraction spectrum of risperidone Form A.
• Figure 2 is a characteristic x-ray powder diffraction spectrum of risperidone Form B.
• Figure 3 is a characteristic x-ray powder diffraction spectrum of risperidone Form E.
• the present invention provides new processes for preparing risperidone from the following two intermediates, 6-fluoro-3-(4-piperidinyl)-l,2-benzisoxazole (I) and 3-(2- chloroethyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4H-pyrido[l ,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one (II) using acetonitrile, isopropanol, z ' so-butanol, or methyl ethyl ketone as the solvent, which eliminates the need to use DMF as a solvent.
• risperidone is prepared by adding , 3-(2-chloroethyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4H- pyrido[l,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one (Compound II or "the chlorine derivative”); 6-fluoro-3-(4- piperidinyl)-l,2-benzisoxazole (Compound I or "the piperidine derivative”); sodium carbonate; and potassium iodide (66 mg) into a flask containing the solvent isopropanol, acetonitrile, methyl ethyl ketone or zso-butanol.
• the Compound I and Compound II are present in a ratio of about 1:1.
• the reaction mixture is then heated by methods known in the art, such as, by placing the flask in an oil bath which is heated from about 60°C to about 85°C, and the reaction is allowed to reflux for a time sufficient to complete the formation of risperidone, about 9 hours to overnight.
• the reaction mixture is heated to about 60°C to about 67°C.
• the reaction is heated for about 9 hours when the solvent is isopropanol.
• the reaction mixture is heated overnight when the solvent is methyl ethyl ketone or iso-butanol.
• the reaction is heated for about 17 hours when the solvent is acetonitrile.
• the mixture is cooled by methods known in the art to induce the precipitation of risperidone.
• the resulting precipitated risperidone is filtered and the filter cake is washed in the filter with a small amount of isopropanol, acetone or a mixture of acetone and water.
• the filter cake is then slurried, filtered and easily dried by conventional methods to give crude risperidone in a yield of about 63 to 74 % yield.
• the present method eliminates the difficult step of removing DMF from the crude risperidone.
• the present invention also relates to new processes for recrystallizing crude risperidone from; an alcohol, such as, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, propanol, butanol, sec-butanol and t-butanol; a mixture of alcohols containing any combination of, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, propanol, butanol, sec-butanol and t-butanol; or a mixture of water and alcohol where the alcohol is one or more of the following alcohols, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, propanol, butanol, sec-butanol and t-butanol.
• an alcohol such as, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, propanol, butanol, sec-butanol and t-butanol
• the present recrystallization eliminates the use of the difficult to remove and potentially harmful solvent DMF.
• the solvent is isopropanol.
• crude risperidone is recrystallized by dissolving the crude risperidone in a solvent which is hot.
• the solvent is heated to reflux.
• the crude risperidone and solvent are present in a ratio of about 10 to about 15, more preferably the ratio is about 11 to 13, most preferably the ratio is about 11.5 to about 12.5.
• the solvent is isopropanol.
• the hot mixture is then filtered hot and allowed to cool where upon purified risperidone precipitates.
• the mixture is filtered by conventional methods to give high purity risperidone with a purity of about 99.7 to about 99.8 %.
• the overall yield of the present method of synthesis and recrystallization of risperidone is about 60 to about 63 %.
• the present invention also provides new processes for recrystallizing crude risperidone from a solvent that is a ketone, such as, acetone.
• the present recrystallization eliminates the use of the difficult to remove and potentially harmful solvent DMF.
• the solvent is acetone.
• crude risperidone is recrystallized by dissolving the crude risperidone in a ketone, which is hot.
• the ketone is heated to reflux.
• the crude risperidone and solvent are present in a ratio of about 25 to about 40, more preferably the ratio is about 28 to about 32.
• the solvent is acetone.
• the present invention also relates to a novel risperidone crystalline form designated Form A and processes for making risperidone Form A.
• Risperidone Form A is characterized by unique strong powder x-ray diffraction peaks at 14.2 ⁇ 0.2, and 21.3 ⁇ 0.2 degrees two-theta and medium intensity peaks at 10.6 ⁇ 0.2, 11.4 ⁇ 0.2, 16.4 ⁇ 0.2, 18.9 ⁇ 0.2, 19.9 ⁇ 0.2, 22.5 ⁇ 0.2, 23.3 ⁇ 0.2, 27.6 ⁇ 0.2, 25.4 ⁇ 0.2, and 29.0 ⁇ 0.2 degrees two-theta.
• risperidone Form A is crystallized from risperidone at the reflux temperature of an organic solvent, such as, DMF, tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetone, benzene, ethyl methyl ketone, n-butanol, methanol, isopropanol, absolute ethanol, acetonitrile, toluene, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), tso-butanol or ethyl acetate.
• organic solvent such as, DMF, tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetone, benzene, ethyl methyl ketone, n-butanol, methanol, isopropanol, absolute ethanol, acetonitrile, toluene, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), tso-butanol or ethyl acetate.
• risperidone is added to in a minimum amount of organic solvent by heating the mixture to facilitate dissolution of the risperidone. Upon complete dissolution of the risperidone, the solution is left to cool to room temperature to induce the precipitation of risperidone Form A. After the solution has reached room temperature, it is further cooled in an ice bath and then filtered to isolate risperidone Form
• Another aspect of this invention is a method of preparing risperidone Form A; or a mixture of risperidone Form A and other forms of risperidone, including risperidone Form B, by dissolving risperidone in dichloromethane and adding cyclohexane or hexane to induce precipitation.
• risperidone is dissolved in dichloromethane in a ratio of about 1 to about 9. Hexane or cyclohexane is then added until a cloudy dispersion is formed.
• the risperidone Form A is then isolated by filtration.
• risperidone Form A is prepared by heating risperidone Form B, or a mixture of risperidone Form A and B at temperatures above room temperature, preferably at about 80°C, under either reduced pressure or at atmospheric pressure, for a period of several minutes to several hours, preferably 16-20 hours.
• One embodiment of the present method for preparing risperidone Form A is heating risperidone Form B, or a mixture of risperidone Form B and risperidone Form A, at 80°C overnight, under reduced pressure or at atmospheric pressure, and isolating the resulting crystals of risperidone Form A.
• An alternative method of preparing risperidone Form A by heating risperidone Form B includes, heating risperidone Form B in a differential scanning calorimeter, at the rate of 5 to 20 degrees per minute, to yield risperidone Form A.
• the present invention also relates to a novel crystalline form of risperidone, denominated risperidone Form B.
• Risperidone Form B is characterized by unique strong powder x-ray diffraction peaks at 14.0 ⁇ 0.2 and 21.7 ⁇ 0.2 degrees two-theta, and medium peaks at 10.8 ⁇ 0.2, 11.9 ⁇ 0.2, 12.6 ⁇ 0.2, 17.5 ⁇ 0.2, 18.3 ⁇ 0.2, 19.9 ⁇ 0.2, 21.0 ⁇ 0.2, 21.3 ⁇ 0.2 degrees two-theta, and is well distinguished from risperidone Form A.
• risperidone Form B in a mixture with risperidone Form A is detected by the appearance mainly of the strongest peaks at 21 J ⁇ 0.2, 17.5 ⁇ 0.2, 18.4 ⁇ 0.2, and also by the other peaks which appear at 11.9 ⁇ 0.2, 12.6 ⁇ 0.2 degrees two theta.
• the DSC thermogram of risperidone Form B is characterized by a solid-solid transition to risperidone Form A detected in a small endotherm at 164°C followed by a small exotherm and a melting endotherm of risperidone Form A at 171°C.
• Another aspect of this invention is a method of preparing risperidone Form B by dissolving risperidone in an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, followed by the addition of water to facilitate the precipitation of risperidone Form B.
• the ratio of risperidone to alcohol is about 1:7.5 to about 1:9.
• the alcohol is ethanol or methanol.
• Another aspect of this invention is a method of preparing risperidone Form B pure or in a mixture with another form of risperidone, such as, risperidone Form A, which includes dissolving risperidone in a hot solution of aqueous HCl followed by the addition of aqueous Na 2 CO 3 to induce precipitation of risperidone Form B.
• risperidone is added to 0.5 N HCl in a ratio of about 1 :6. Water is added in an amount equal to about two thirds the volume of HCl used.
• the solution is heated to induce dissolution of the risperidone.
• Sodium carbonate is then added until a pH of about 8 is reached, to facilitate precipitation.
• the solution is cooled and risperidone
• Form B is isolated by filtration.
• Another aspect of this invention is a method of preparing risperidone Form B pure or in a mixture with another form of risperidone such as risperidone Form A, wherein risperidone is dissolved in chloroform followed by the addition of cyclohexane or hexane to facilitate precipitation.
• risperidone is dissolved in chloroform in a ratio of about 1 :6 followed by the addition of hexane of cyclohexane in an amount sufficient to produce a cloudy dispersion.
• the risperidone Form B is then isolated upon filtration.
• Risperidone Form E The present invention also relates to a novel crystalline form of risperidone, denominated risperidone Form E.
• Risperidone Form E is characterized by typical strong x-ray peaks at 16.5 ⁇ 0.2, 21 J ⁇ 0.2 degrees two-theta, and medium x-ray peaks at 12.6 ⁇ 0.2, 15.6 ⁇ 0.2, 17.0 ⁇ 0.2, 18.4 ⁇ 0.2, 19.1 ⁇ 0.2, 21.3 ⁇ 0.2, 24.0 ⁇ 0.2, 24.9 ⁇ 0.2, 27.0 ⁇ 0.2 degrees two-theta
• Another aspect of this invention is a method of preparing risperidone Form E. By the methods of the present invention, risperidone is dissolved in isopropanol in a ratio of about 1 to 12.
• these new forms of risperidone may be prepared as pharmaceutical compositions that are particularly useful for the management of the manifestations of psychotic disorders.
• Such compositions comprise one of the new forms of risperidone with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or excipients known to one of skill in the art.
• these compositions are prepared as medicaments to be administered orally, or intravenously.
• Suitable forms for oral administration include tablets, compressed or coated pills, dragees, sachets, hard or gelatin capsules, sub-lingual tablets, syrups and suspensions. While one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that dosages will vary according to the indication, age of the patient, etc., generally polymorphic forms of risperidone of the present invention will be administered at a daily dosage of about 4 to about 16 mg per day, and preferably about 4 to about 8 mg per day.
• Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) patterns were obtained by methods known in the art using a Philips X- ray powder diffractometer, Phillips Generator TW1830; Goniometer PW3020; MPD Control PW3710; X-Ray tube with Cu target anode; Monochromator proportional counter; Divergence slits 1°, Receiving slit 0.2 mm, Scatter slit 1°; 40KN, 30mA; and
• the differential scanning calorimeter thermograms were obtained by methods known in the art using a DSC Mettler 821 Star 6 .
• the weight of the samples was about 3-5 mg.
• the temperature range of scans was 30°C-250°C at a rate of 10°C/min.
• Samples were purged with nitrogen gas at a flow rate of 40 mL/min.
• Standard 40 ⁇ l aluminum crucibles were used having lids with three small holes.
• the flask was placed in an oil bath at 80°C and allowed to reflux for 9 hours. The flask was then cooled in an ice bath and the contents was filtered. The filter cake was washed in the filter with a small amount of isopropanol. The filter cake was then slurried 3 times in 20 mL of water and filtered. The resulting slurry was dried to give 3 g of material in 73 % yield. The slurry was recrystallized by dissolving in 37 mL of boiling isopropanol, filtered hot and allowed to cool and filtered to give material which had a purity of 99.7 % and an overall yield of 60 %.
• Example 2 Synthesis of Risperidone The same materials and method as in Example 1 with the exception being that methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) (15 mL) was used instead of 20 mL of isopropanol. The flask was put in an oil bath at 79-83 °C overnight, cooled, filtered and washed with acetone and water to give 2.19 g, 53 % yield.
• MEK methyl ethyl ketone
• Example 3 Synthesis of Risperidone The same materials and method as in Example 1 with the exception being that 20 mL of acetonitrile was used instead of 20 mL of isopropanol. The flask was put in an oil bath for 17 hours at 79-83 °C, then put in the freezer for 2 hours, filtered, and the filter cake washed with acetone until the filtrate had no color. The filter cake was then slurried in 25 mL water 3 times and filtered and dried to give 3.03 g, 74 % yield, of crude risperidone.
• the crude risperidone was recrystallized from 35 mL of isopropanol, filtered hot, cooled, filtered and dried to give 2.47g of risperidone, 60 % overall yield, 99.8 % pure by HPLC.
• Example 4 Synthesis of Risperidone The same materials and method as in Example 1 with the exception being that 20 mL of acetonitrile was used instead of 20 mL of isopropanol. The flask was put in an oil bath for 17 hours at 79-83 °C, then put in the freezer for 2 hours, filtered, and the filter cake washed with acetone until the filtrate had no color. The filter cake was then slurried in 25 mL water 3 times and filtered and dried to give 3.03 g, 74 % yield, of crude risperidone. The crude risperidone was recrystallized from 75 mL of acetone, filtered hot, cooled, filtered and dried to give 2.25 g of risperidone, 60 % overall yield, 99.9 % pure by
• Example 5 Synthesis of Risperidone The same materials and method as in Example 1 with the exception being that 20 mL of iso-butanol was used instead of 20 mL of isopropanol followed by stirring in an oil bath at 78 °C over night. Risperidone was isolated in 63 % yield.
• Risperidone (5.0 g) was dissolved in 30 mL chloroform. Hexane (250 mL) was added to the solution until a cloudy dispersion was formed. The suspension was filtered. The isolated filtrate, analyzed by PXRD, contained risperidone Form B. Further heating of the filtrate overnight at 80°C under reduced pressure produced risperidone Form A, which was confirmed by PXRD analysis.
• Risperidone (6 g) was added portion-wise and dissolved in a minimum amount of solvent by heating in a boiling water bath (about 95 °C). Suitable solvents and the corresponding suitable volumes are listed below in Table 1. Solvents having a boiling point lower than 95°C were heated to their boiling point. The solutions were left to cool to room temperature to facilitate precipitation of risperidone Form A. The mixture was then further cooled in an ice bath and then filtered. The precipitate was analyzed by PXRD and found to be risperidone Form A.
• Risperidone (5.6 g) was dissolved in 50 mL dichloromethane. Cyclohexane (170 mL) was added to the solution until a cloudy dispersion was formed. The resulting suspension was filtered. The isolated filtrate, analyzed by PXRD, contained risperidone Form A and a minor quantity of risperidone Form B.

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