Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
  • A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
  • A61K49/18—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, microcapsules, liposomes
  • A61K49/1806—Suspensions, emulsions, colloids, dispersions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
  • A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
  • A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
  • A61K49/085—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier conjugated systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
  • A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
  • A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
  • A61K49/10—Organic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
  • A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
  • A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
  • A61K49/10—Organic compounds
  • A61K49/101—Organic compounds the carrier being a complex-forming compound able to form MRI-active complexes with paramagnetic metals
  • A61K49/103—Organic compounds the carrier being a complex-forming compound able to form MRI-active complexes with paramagnetic metals the complex-forming compound being acyclic, e.g. DTPA
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
  • A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
  • A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
  • A61K49/10—Organic compounds
  • A61K49/101—Organic compounds the carrier being a complex-forming compound able to form MRI-active complexes with paramagnetic metals
  • A61K49/106—Organic compounds the carrier being a complex-forming compound able to form MRI-active complexes with paramagnetic metals the complex-forming compound being cyclic, e.g. DOTA

Definitions

• the invention relates to the use of perfluoroalkyl-containing metal complexes which have a critical micelle concentration ⁇ 10 "3 mol / l, a hydrodynamic micelle diameter (2 Rh)> 1 nm and a proton relaxivity in plasma (R 1 )> 10 I / mmol-s , as a contrast medium in MR imaging for the display of plaques, lymph nodes, infarcted and necrotic tissue as well as for the independent display of necrotic tissue and tumor tissue.
• perfluoroalkyl-containing metal complexes with the properties mentioned for the independent display of plaques, tumors and necrosis with the help of MR imaging are outstandingly suitable and at the same time can also cover the diagnostically important area of infarct and necrosis imaging.
• Atherosclerosis is the most important and most common pathological change in the arteries with hardening, thickening, loss of elasticity and narrowing of the glade. It is the most common cause of death in the western industrialized nations.
• Vascular wall changes lead to wall instability, vasoconstriction and clot deposition due to lipid storage, connective tissue growth and calcification with irregular distribution.
• the cause of the disease are numerous exogenous and endogenous noxa or diseases, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, diabetes mellitus, toxins, nicotine, antigen-antibody complexes, inflammation, hypoxia, psychological stress, old age and familial Burden.
• arteriosclerosis in clinical practice is currently mainly based on angiography as the gold standard.
• the limitation in all methods based on the measurement of the reduction of the vascular lumen is the early stage of the disease, which is characterized by a thickening of the vascular wall in normal vascular lumen (Glagov S, Zarins CK. Quantitating atherosclerosis. In: Bond MG, Insull W, Glagov S, Chandler AB, Cornhill JF (eds.). Clinical Diagnosis of Atherosclerosis. Quantitative Methods of Evaluation. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1983, 11-35).
• Another method for the diagnostic assessment of vascular wall and lumen is intravascular or percutaneous ultrasound.
• Magnetic magnetic resonance imaging is a modern, non-invasive radiological procedure that enables the display of physiological and pathophysiological structures with a very good spatial and temporal resolution.
• the use of specific contrast agents with selective enrichment in certain tissues and organs can significantly increase the diagnostic value. Contrast agent preparations with selective enrichment in arteriosclerotic plaques could detect the location and degree of the disease at an early stage and thus enable targeted therapy and prophylaxis, and the search for suitable contrast agents therefore began early on.
• US Pat. No. 4,577,636 claims hematoporphyrin derivatives as contrast agents for the detection of atherosclerotic plaques. Scintigraphy, X-ray, fluorescence and, for paramagnetic metalloporphyrins, NMR spectrometry are mentioned as methods. Gd, Cr, Co, Ni, Ag and Eu are listed as para-magnetic ions. The disadvantage of these compounds is that the porphyrins are deposited in the skin and cause discoloration that can last up to several weeks. In addition, they lead to photosensitization. Furthermore, there is a risk that the metalloporphyrin will lose the metal after a long residence time in vivo.
• metalloporphyrins (deuteroporphyrins) are claimed for diagnosis and therapy of plaques.
• the MRI is mentioned as the diagnostic method. It also applies to these porphyrins that they cause discoloration of the skin.
• TMPyP 111 In- 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-N-methyl-pyridinium) -porphyrin
• Porphyrins tend to deposit in the skin, which leads to photosensitization. Sensitization can last for days, even weeks. This is an undesirable side effect when using porphyrins as diagnostics.
• the therapeutic index for the porphyrins is only very small, since for Mn-TPPS, for example, an effect only occurs at a dose of 0.2 mmol / kg, but the LD50 is already at 0.5 mmol / kg. Contrast agents for necrosis and infarct imaging that are not derived from the porphyrin scaffold have been described in DE 19744003 (Schering AG), DE 19744004 (Schering AG) and WO 99/17809 (EPIX).
• Perfluoroalkyl-containing metal complexes are also known as contrast agents for MR imaging.
• WO 97/26017 (Schering) and WO 99/01161 (Schering) disclose the use of perfluoroalkyl-containing metal complexes as lymphographics.
• WO 99/01161 also describes the suitability of these compounds for representing the vasal space (blood pool agents).
• Contrast agents have also been described for the individual imaging of tumors and necrosis using MR imaging.
• EP 417870 A1 discloses compounds for tumor diagnosis and therapy. It is said that infarcts and ischemia can also be represented. However, there is no experimental confirmation of this statement in the registration.
• the claimed compounds are chelates of complexes of the types N2S2 and N3S with radioisotopes. Scintigraphy serves as the diagnostic method. In DE 19646762, scintigraphy is also used as a diagnostic method.
• metal chelates are claimed as radio sensitizers for the therapy of hypoxic tumors and for the diagnosis of hypoxic conditions and necrosis.
• NMR diagnostics, X-ray diagnostics and radio diagnostics are mentioned as diagnostic methods.
• German application DE 19824653 claims porphyrins as necrosis-affecting substances for the therapy of tumors.
• the application states that the compounds accumulate in the necrotic and hypoxic areas of tumors.
• the compounds can be used for diagnostic purposes in the form of their metal derivatives with paramagnetic ions or radioisotopes.
• the object of the present invention was to provide contrast media for MR imaging which are suitable both for displaying plaques, lymph nodes, infarcted and necrotic tissue and for independently displaying necrosis and tumors.
• perfluoroalkyl-containing metal complexes which have a critical micelle formation concentration ⁇ 10 "3 mol / l, a hydrodynamic micelle diameter (2 Rh)> 1 nm and a proton relaxivity in the plasma (R 1 )> 10 1 / mmol s, are very suitable as contrast agents in MR imaging to display plaques, and can also be used to display lymph nodes, infarcted and necrotic tissue as well as for the independent display of necrotic tissue and tumor tissue.
• Perfluoroalkyl-containing metal complexes which are suitable for the use according to the invention are understood to be amphiphilic compounds which, as the non-polar part, have a perfluoroalkyl side chain in the molecule which is optionally connected to the entire molecule via a lipophilic linker.
• the polar part The compounds according to the invention are formed by one or more metal complexes and any other polar groups which may be present.
• these amphiphilic molecules show the properties that are characteristic of classic surfactants (such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS). This is how they reduce the surface tension of the water.
• the so-called CMC critical micelle formation concentration in mol / l
• the CMC can be determined by tensiometry. For this purpose, the surface tension is determined depending on the concentration of the substance to be measured.
• the CMC can be calculated from the course of the surface tension function (c) obtained.
• the critical micelle formation concentration of the compounds according to the invention must be ⁇ 10 -3 mol / l, preferably ⁇ 10 * 4 mol / l.
• the amphiphilic compounds according to the invention are associated in solution and are present as aggregates.
• the size (2 Rh) of such aggregates e.g. micelles, rods, wafers, etc.
• PCS Photon Correction Spectroscopy
• the hydrodynamic micelle diameter 2 Rh which must be> 1 nm, therefore serves as the second criterion.
• Those perfluoroalkyl-containing metal complexes whose 2 Rh is> 3 nm are particularly suitable according to the invention, very particularly preferably> 4 nm.
• the third criterion is proton relaxivity in plasma (R 1 ) at 40 ° C and a field strength of 0.47 Tesla.
• the relaxivity which is given in [l / mmol-s], is the quantitative measure for the shortening of the relaxation time T 1 of the protons.
• the relaxivity must be as possible be high and be> 10 l / mmol-s, preferably> 13 l / mmol-s, particularly preferably> 15 l / mmol-s.
• the relaxivity R 1 [l / mmol-s] of the MR contrast agents according to the invention was determined using the Minispec P 20 device from Bruker. The measurements were carried out at 40 ° C and a field strength of 0.47 Tesla. 8 measurement points were recorded from each T1 sequence: 180 ° -TI -90 °, inversion recovery. Bovine plasma from Kraeber was used as the medium. The contrast medium concentrations [mmol / l] were between 0.30 and 1.16 in the batches.
• the compounds of the general formula I according to claims 8 to 11 are used as preferred compounds. These are known compounds which are described in WO 97/26017. Their production can also be found in this WO document. Surprisingly, it has been shown that these compounds are also very suitable as MRI contrast agents for the display of plaques.
• the metal complexes I-IV, VI and Xl-Xlll (cf. also Table 1) are used as very particularly preferred compounds.
• preferred compounds are those of the general formula Ia according to Claims 12 to 21. These compounds are known and are described in WO 99/01161. Their use as an MRI contrast medium to display plaques has not yet been described. Of these compounds, the metal complex XIV (cf. Table 1) is very particularly preferably used.
• R 1 for a hydrogen atom or a metal ion equivalent of atomic numbers 23-29, 42-46 or 58-70
• R 2 and R 3 for a hydrogen atom, a CrC 7 alkyl group, a benzyl group, a phenyl group, -CH 2 OH or -CH 2 -OCH 3
• U 2 for the radical L 1 , where L 1 and U 2 can be the same or different independently of one another
• a 1 is a hydrogen atom, a straight-chain or branched C 1 -C 3 o-alkyl- group which is optionally interrupted by 1-15 oxygen atoms, and / or is optionally substituted with 1-10 hydroxyl groups, 1-2 COOH groups, a phenyl group, a benzyl group and / or 1-5 - OR 9 groups, with R 9 has the meaning of a hydrogen atom or a CrCT-alkyl radical, or -L 1 -R F , L 1 is a straight-chain
• E represents a terminal fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom or a hydrogen atom, and any acid groups present can optionally be present as salts of organic and / or inorganic bases or amino acids or amino acid amides.
• the metal ion of the signaling group must be paramagnetic.
• Suitable ions are, for example, chromium (III), iron (II), cobalt (II), nickel (II), copper (II), praseodymium (III), neodymium (III), samarium (III ) - and ytterbium (III) ion. Because of their strong magnetic moment, gadolinium (III), terbium (III), dysprosium (III), holmium (III), erbium (III), iron (III) and manganese (II) ions are particularly preferred ,
• Manganese (II) -, iron (II) -, iron (III) -, praseodymium (III) -, neodymium (III) -, samarium (III) -, gadolinium (III) - and ytterbium (III) - are preferred ions, especially dyspro- sium (III) ions.
• the alkyl groups R 2 , R 3 , R 9 can be straight-chain or branched. Examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl.
• Hydrogen and CrC alkyl groups are preferred for R 2 , R 3 and R 9 , particularly preferably hydrogen and the methyl group.
• the benzyl group and the phenyl group R 2 , A 1 and B 1 can be substituted in the phenyl ring.
• the COOH group can be used as a substituent.
• L 1 and U 2 can be different from one another.
• the CrC 3 o-alkylene groups U 2 can be straight-chain or branched. Examples include methylene, ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, n-butylene, 1-methylpropylene, 2-methylpropylene, n-pentylene, 1-methylbutylene, 2-methylbutylene, 3-methylbutylene, 1, 2-dimethylpropylene.
• C 1 -C 10 alkylene groups are preferred, and C 1 -C 4 alkylene groups are particularly preferred.
• the C 1 -C 30 -alkyl groups A 1 can be straight-chain or branched. Examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, n-hexyl.
• the CrC3o-alkyl groups A 1 can be interrupted by 1-15 oxygen atoms and / or substituted with 1-10 hydroxyl, 1-5 alkoxy or 1-2 COOH groups such as
• a 1 Hydrogen, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom.
• Preferred meanings for A 1 are hydrogen, C t -Cio alkyl, C 2 H 4 -O-CH 3, C 3 H 6 -O-CH 3,
• ⁇ -CH 2 NHCOCH2-0-CH2CH 2 -ß ⁇ -CH2-CH2NHCOCH2-0-CH 2 CH 2 -ß ⁇ -CH 2 - (CH 2 -CH 2 -0) y - (CH2) 3NHCO-CH2-0-CH 2 CH2-ß with y 1-6 ⁇ -CH 2 NHCO (CH2) io-0 -CH2CH -ß ⁇ -CH 2 CH NHCO (CH2) ⁇ 0-O-CH 2 CH 2 -ß ⁇ -CH 2 -0-CH 2 -CH (OC- ⁇ 0 H21) -CH 2 -0-CH 2 CH2-ß
• radicals L 1 of the compounds mentioned in the examples of the present description of the invention are very particularly preferred according to the invention.
• the radicals listed above apply to L 1 and the preferred and particularly preferably marked radicals, and also the radicals listed above for the meaning alkylene and optionally preferred and particularly preferred radicals, with the proviso that no ⁇ -nitrogen atom and no terminal ( ß-permanent) S0 2 - or CO group may be present.
• Preferred radicals B 1 are hydrogen, straight or branched C 1 -C 1 0-AI kylreste, optionally interrupted by 1-5 oxygen atoms, and / or are optionally substituted with 1-5 hydroxy groups, 1-2 COOH groups, a optionally substituted by a COOH group, a phenyl group, a benzyl group and / or 1-5-OR 9 groups, with R 9 in the meaning of a hydrogen atom or a C 1 -C 3 -alkyl radical.
• R F are straight-chain or branched perfluorinated alkyl radicals of the formula C n F 2n E, where n represents the numbers 4 to 15 and E represents a terminal fluorine atom.
• the carboxylic acid of formula IIIb already contains the metal ion equivalent R 1 .
• the carboxylic acid IIIb is reacted with an amine IVb in a coupling reaction to form an amide Ib.
• the mixture of metal complex carboxylic acid IIIb used in the coupling reaction which optionally contains carboxy and / or hydroxyl groups in protected form, and at least one solubilizing substance in an amount of up to 5, preferably 0.5-2 molar equivalents, based on the metal complex carboxylic acid both prepared in an upstream reaction stage and isolated (for example by evaporation, freeze-drying or spray-drying an aqueous or water-miscible solution of the constituents or by precipitation with an organic solvent from such a solution) and then in DMSO with water-releasing reagent and, if appropriate, a coupling agent.
• Auxiliary are implemented as well as formed in situ, if necessary, by adding solvent-imparting substance (s) to the DMSO suspension of metal complex carboxylic acid, water-releasing reagent and optionally a coupling auxiliary.
• the reaction solution prepared by one of these processes is kept for pretreatment (acid activation) for 1 to 24, preferably 3 to 12 hours at temperatures of 0 to 50 ° C., preferably at room temperature.
• R V i U R F A (IVb) in which the radicals R 3 , L 1 , R F and A 1 have the meanings given above, without solvent or dissolved, for example in dimethyl sulfoxide, alcohols such as, for example, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or mixtures thereof, formamide, dimethylformamide, Water or mixtures of the solvents listed, preferably in dimethyl sulfoxide, in water or in solvents mixed with water, are added.
• the reaction solution thus obtained is kept at temperatures from 0 to 70 ° C., preferably 30 to 60 ° C., 1 to 48, preferably 8 to 24 hours.
• amine in the form of its salts, e.g. use as hydrobromide or hydrochloride in the reaction.
• a base such as e.g. Triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, pyridine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate are added.
• the protective groups that may still be present are then split off.
• reaction product is isolated by the methods known to the person skilled in the art, preferably by precipitation with organic solvents, preferably acetone, 2-butanone, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, methyl t-butyl ether, isopropanol or mixtures thereof. Further purification can be carried out, for example, by chromatography, crystallization or ultrafiltration. Alkali, alkaline earth, trialkylammonium, tetraalkylammonium salts, ureas, N-hydroxyimides, hydroxyaryltriazoles, substituted phenols and salts of heterocyclic amines are suitable as solubilizing substances.
• Examples include: lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, lithium methanesulfonate, sodium methanesulfonate, lithium p-toluenesulfonate, sodium p-toluenesulfonate, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, sodium chloride, magnesium bromide, magnesium chloride, magnesium iodide, tetraethyl amide toluenesulfonate, tetramethylammonium p-toluenesulfonate, pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate, triethylammonium p-toluenesulfonate, 2-morpholinoethylsulfonic acid, 4-nitrophenol, 3,5-dinitrophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, N-hydroxysuccinide Hydroxyphthalimide, urea, tetramethylure
• DCCI Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
• EDC 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydroxychloride
• BOP benzotriazole-1-yloxytris (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate
• HBTU 1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate
• Suitable coupling auxiliaries to be used are all known to the person skilled in the art (Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Vol. XV / 2, Georg Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, 1974). Examples include 4-nitrophenol, N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, 1-hydroxy-7-aza-benzotriazole, 3,5-dinitrophenol and pentafluorophenol. 4-nitrophenol and N-hydroxysuccinimide are preferred, the former reagent being particularly preferred.
• the protective groups are cleaved off according to the processes known to the person skilled in the art, for example by hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis, alkaline saponification of the esters with alkali in aqueous / alcoholic solution at temperatures from 0 ° to 50 ° C, acid saponification with mineral acids or in the case of e.g. tert-Butyl esters with the help of trifluoroacetic acid.
• hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis, alkaline saponification of the esters with alkali in aqueous / alcoholic solution at temperatures from 0 ° to 50 ° C acid saponification with mineral acids or in the case of e.g. tert-Butyl esters with the help of trifluoroacetic acid.
• tert-Butyl esters with the help of trifluoroacetic acid.
• R, A 1 , L 1 and R 3 have the meaning given above, and L 'has the meaning of the group L 1 in which the ⁇ -CH 2 group is still missing, and
• R 9 represents hydrogen or a methyl group.
• the acid Vb is activated before the reaction with the amine VIb.
• R 9 in the meaning of a methyl group an aminolysis is carried out.
• the compounds of the general formula Vb are commodities (Fluorochem, ABCR) or are produced as disclosed in DE 19603033.
• the compounds of the formula VIb are commodities (Fluorochem, ABCR) or, as in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, XI / 2 nitrogen compounds, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, 1957, p. 680; JE Rickman and T. Atkins, Am. Chem. Soc, 96: 2268, 1974, 96: 2268; F. Chavez and AD Sherry, J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54: 2990:
• the compounds of the general formula IVb are prepared in a manner known per se [Helv. Chim. Acta, 77: 23 (1994)] by reducing the compounds of the general formula VII, for example with diborane or lithium aluminum hydride, and splitting off the protective groups.
• the carboxylic acid of formula II Ix with R 1 in the meaning of hydrogen serves as the starting material - it does not yet contain any metal ion equivalent R 1 .
• the carboxyl groups are protected by the processes known to the person skilled in the art and a compound of the formula Uly is obtained, where R 5 stands for any protective group and R 5 stands for its precursor.
• carboxyl protecting group e.g. straight-chain or branched C-j-C ⁇ -
• Alkyl, aryl and aralkyl groups for example the methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, phenyl, benzyl, diphenylmethyl, triphenylmethyl, bis ( ⁇ -nitrophenyl) methyl group and trialkylsilyl groups in question.
• the t-butyl group is preferred.
• metal complex obtained from process A or B still contains free COOH groups, these groups can also be present as salts of physiologically compatible inorganic or organic bases.
• any free carboxy groups still present are then neutralized with the aid of inorganic bases (for example hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates) of, for example, sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium or calcium and / or organic bases, such as primary, secondary and tertiary amines, such as for example ethanolamine, morpholine, glucamine, N-methyl- and N, N-dimethylglucamine, as well as basic amino acids, such as lysine, arginine and ornithine or amides of originally neutral or acidic amino acids.
• inorganic bases for example hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates
• inorganic bases for example hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates
• organic bases such as primary, secondary and tertiary amines, such as for example ethanolamine, morpholine, glucamine, N-methyl- and N, N-dimethylglucamine, as well as basic amino acids, such as lysine, arginine and ornithine or
• the metal complexes V, VII, VIII, IX and X are very particularly preferably used.
• R represents a mono- or oligosaccharide residue bonded via the 1-OH or 1-SH position
• R F is a perfluorinated, straight-chain or branched carbon chain with the formula -C n F 2n E, in which E represents a terminal fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or hydrogen atom and n represents the numbers 4-30,
• K represents a metal complex of the general formula IIc
• R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a metal ion equivalent of
• R 2 and R 3 independently represent hydrogen, CrC7-alkyl, benzyl, phenyl, -CH 2 OH or -CH 2 OCH 3 and
• R 4 represents hydrogen or a metal ion equivalent mentioned under R 1 and U 1 -C 6 H 4 represents -0-CH 2 - ⁇ -, where ⁇ represents the binding site at -CO-
• radical K may be present as salts of organic and / or inorganic bases or amino acids or amino acid amides,
• K denotes the metal complexes IIc to Vllc, it represents an at least triple-functionalized radical selected from the following radicals a) to j)
• ⁇ is the binding site of G to the complex K
• ß is the binding site of G to the radical Y
• ⁇ is the binding site of G to the radical Z.
• Y -CH 2 -, ⁇ - (CH 2 ) 1 . 5 means CO-ß, ⁇ -CH 2 -CHOH-CO-ß or ⁇ -CH (CHOH-CH 2 OH) - CHOH-CHOH-CO-ß, where ⁇ represents the binding site to the sugar residue R and ß the binding site to the rest G is For
• I 1 , m 1 independently of one another are the integers 1 or 2 and p 1 is the integers 1 to 4,
• the metal ion of the signaling group must be paramagnetic.
• these are in particular the divalent and trivalent ions of the elements of atomic numbers 23-29, 42-46 and 58-70. Suitable ions are, for example, chromium (III), iron (II), cobalt (II), nickel (II), copper (II), praseodymium (III), neodymium (III), samarium (III ) - and ytterbium (III) ion.
• gadolinium (III), terbium (III), dysprosium (III), holmium (III), erbium (III), iron (III) and manganese (II) ions are particularly preferred .
• Manganese (II), iron (II), iron (III), praseodymium (III), neodymium (III), samarium (III), gadolinium (III) and ytterbium (III) ions are preferred , especially dyspro- sium (III) ions.
• Acidic hydrogen atoms which are optionally present in R 1 that is to say those which have not been substituted by the central ion, can optionally be wholly or partly replaced by cations of inorganic and / or organic bases or amino acids or amino acid amides.
• Suitable inorganic cations are, for example, lithium ion, potassium ion, calcium ion and in particular sodium ion.
• Suitable cations of organic bases include those of primary, secondary or tertiary amines, such as, for example, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, morpholine, glucamine, N, N-dimethylglucamine and in particular N-methylglucamine.
• Suitable cations of amino acids are, for example, those of lysine, arginine and ornithine and the amides of otherwise acidic or neutral amino acids.
• Particularly preferred compounds of the general formula Ic are those with the macrocycle K of the general formula IIc.
• the radical U in the metal complex K preferably denotes -CH 2 - or C 6 H 4 -O- CH 2 -CD, where ⁇ stands for the binding site at -CO-.
• the alkyl groups R 2 and R 3 in the macrocycle of the general formula IIc can be straight-chain or branched. Examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl.
• R 2 and R 3 are preferably, independently of one another, hydrogen or dC 4 alkyl. In a very particularly preferred embodiment, R 2 is methyl and R 3 is hydrogen.
• the benzyl group or the phenyl group R 2 or R 3 in the macrocycle K of the general formula IIc can also be substituted in the ring.
• the radical R in the general formula Ic denotes a mono- or oligosaccharide radical or thio sugar radical which is bonded via the 1-OH or 1-SH position, which may also be deoxy sugar according to the invention which instead of one or more OH groups H atom included.
• R denotes a monosaccharide residue with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably glucose, mannose, galactose, ribose, arabinose or xylose or their deoxy sugar such as 6-deoxygalactose (fucose) or 6-deoxymannose (rhamnose) or their Thio sugar, with glucose, mannose and galactose being particularly preferred.
• R F is -C n F 2n + ⁇
• n is preferably the numbers 4-15.
• the radicals - CF 9 , -C 6 Fi3, -C 8 Fi7, -C 12 F 25 and -C 14 F29 and the radicals of the compounds mentioned in the examples are very particularly preferred.
• the at least triple-functionalized radical G in the general formula Ic, which represents the “framework”, in a preferred embodiment of the invention means the lysine residue (a) or (b).
• Y and Z denote the linkers indicated in the general formula Ic, where, independently of one another, Z is the rest
• ⁇ -CH 2 CO-ß is preferred for Y.
• R 5 is a metal ion equivalent of atomic numbers 23-29, 42-46, or 58- 70 or a carboxyl protecting group
• R 2 , R 3 and U have the meaning given
• R 4 , R 5 and U 1 have the meaning given or a carboxylic acid of the general formula IVi
• R 5 and R 2 have the meaning given or a carboxylic acid of the general formula Vi or Vii
• R 5 has the meaning given or a carboxylic acid of the general formula VIII
• R 5 and U 1 have the meanings mentioned, in optionally activated form with an amine of the general formula IXc
• G has the meaning of the formulas a) to j) and R, R F , Y, Z, m 1 and p 1 have the meaning given, in a coupling reaction and, if appropriate, subsequent cleavage of any protective groups which may be present to give a metal complex of the general formula Ic or if R 5 has the meaning of a protective group, after splitting off these protective groups in a subsequent step in a manner known per se with at least one metal oxide or metal salt of an element of atomic numbers 23-29, 42-46 or 58-70, and then if Desired, any acidic hydrogen atoms present are substituted by cations of inorganic and / or organic bases, amino acids or amino acid amides.
• the compounds of the general formula Ic with K in the meaning of a metal complex of the general formula VIIIc and G in the meaning of the formulas k) or I) are prepared by using an amine of the general formula VIIIi in a manner known per se (Vllli)
• R 5 is a metal ion equivalent of atomic numbers 23-29, 42-46 or 58- 70 or a carboxyl protecting group
• G has the meaning of the formulas k) or I) and R, R F , Y, Z, m 1 and p 1 have the meanings given, in a coupling reaction and, if appropriate, subsequent cleavage of any protective groups which may be present, to give a metal complex of the general formula Ic or if R 5 has the meaning of a protective group, after splitting off these protective groups in a subsequent step in a manner known per se with at least one metal oxide or metal salt of an element of atomic numbers 23-29, 42-46 or 58-70, and then if desired , any acidic hydrogen atoms present are substituted by cations of inorganic and / or organic bases, amino acids or amino acid amides.
• the carboxylic acids of the general formulas Mi to VIII used are either known compounds or are prepared by the processes described in the examples. This is how the carboxylic acids are made the general formula III from DE 19652386 known. The production of the carboxylic acids of the general formula IVi can be found in DE 19728954.
• the precursor for compounds of the general formula VcA is N 3 - (2,6-dioxomorpholinoethyl) -N 6 - (ethoxycarbonylmethyl) -3,6-diaza-octanedioic acid, which is described in EP 263059.
• the compounds of the general formula VcB are derived from the isomeric diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid, which binds via the acetic acid at the middle N atom.
• This DTPA is described in the patents DE 19507819 and DE 19508058.
• the perbenzylated sugar acids used as starting materials can be analogous to Lockhoff, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110 No. 24, pp. 3634ff. Getting produced.
• the production of 1-O-acetic acid from perbenzyl-glucose takes place in two stages, via trichloroacetimidate and reaction with ethyl hydroxyacetate, BF 3 catalysis in THF and subsequent saponification with NaOH in MeOH / THF.
• the perbenzylated sugar acids used as starting materials can also be prepared by dissolving the perbenzylated 1-OH sugars in a water-immiscible organic solvent and with an alkylating reagent of the general formula Xlc Nu-L-COO-Sg (Xlc),
• Nu is a nucleofug
• L is - (CH 2 ) ( ⁇ - 5 ), -CH 2 -CHOH-, -CH (CHOH-CH 2 OH) -CHOH-CHOH-, and Sg represents a protective group
• the residues -Cl, -Br, -J, -OTs, -OMs, - OS0 2 CF 3 , -OS0 2 C 4 F 9 or -OS0 2 C 8 F 17 can be contained in the alkylation reagent of the general formula Xlc, for example .
• the protective group is a common acid protective group.
• the reaction according to the invention can take place at temperatures from 0-50 ° C., preferably from 0 ° C. to room temperature.
• the reaction times are from 10 minutes to 24 hours, preferably from 20 minutes to 12 hours.
• the base is either added in solid form, preferably finely powdered, or as a 10-70%, preferably 30-50%, aqueous solution. NaOH and KOH serve as preferred bases.
• organic water-immiscible solvents, for example toluene, benzene, CF 3 -benzene, hexane, cyclohexane, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, MTB or mixtures thereof can be used in the alkylation process according to the invention.
• phase transfer catalysts used in the process according to the invention are the quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salts known for this purpose or also crown ethers such as, for. B. [15] Crown-5 or [18] Crown-6.
• Quaternary ammonium salts with four identical or different hydrocarbon groups on the cation selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl or isobutyl are preferred.
• the hydrocarbon groups on Cations must be large enough to ensure good solubility of the alkylation reagent in the organic solvent. According to the invention, particular preference is given to using N (butyl) 4 + -Cr, N (butyl) + -HS ⁇ 4 " , but also N (methyl) 4 + -CI ' .
• the metal complex XV of Table 1 (Example 1) is used as a very particularly preferred compound of the general formula Ic.
• R F is a perfluorinated, straight-chain or branched carbon chain with the formula -C n F 2n E, in which E represents a terminal fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or hydrogen atom and n represents the numbers 4-30,
• K represents a metal complex of the general formula IIId
• R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a metal ion equivalent of
• Atomic numbers 23-29, 42-46 or 58-70 means with the proviso that at least two R 1 represent metal ion equivalents
• R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen, -CC 7 alkyl, benzyl, phenyl, -CH 2 OH or -CH 2 OCH 3 and
• R 4 represents hydrogen or a metal ion equivalent mentioned under R 1 and U 1 -C 6 H 4 -0-CH 2 - ⁇ -, where ⁇ is the binding site to -CO- means or the general formula IVd
• U 1 -C 6 H 4 represents -0-CH2- ⁇ -, where ⁇ is the binding site at -CO-
• free acid groups which may be present in the rest K may optionally be present as salts of organic and / or inorganic bases or amino acids or amino acid amides,
• G represents an at least triple-functionalized residue selected from the following residues a) to g)
• ⁇ is the binding site of G to the complex K
• ß is the binding site of G to the radical R
• ⁇ is the binding site of G to the radical Z.
• R represents a polar radical selected from the complexes K of the general formulas Ild to VI Id, where R 1 here Is hydrogen atom or a metal ion equivalent of atomic numbers 20, 23-29, 42-46 or 58-70, and the radicals R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , U and U 1 have the meaning given above or the folic acid radical or a -CO -, S0 2 - or a direct bond to the radical G bonded carbon chain with 2-30 C atoms means, straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated, optionally interrupted by 1-10 oxygen atoms, 1-5 - NHCO groups, 1- 5 -CONH groups, 1-2 sulfur atoms, 1-5 - NH groups or 1-2 phenylene groups, optionally with 1-2 OH groups, 1-2 NH 2 groups, 1-2 -COOH groups, or 1-2 - SOsH groups can be substituted or optionally substituted with 1-8 OH groups, 1-5 -COOH groups, 1-2 S0 3
• the metal ion of the signaling group must be paramagnetic.
• these are in particular the divalent and trivalent ions of the elements of atomic numbers 23-29, 42-46 and 58-70. Suitable ions are, for example, chromium (III), iron (II), cobalt (II), nickel (II), copper (II), praseodymium (III), neodymium (III), samarium (III ) - and ytterbium (III) ion.
• gadolinium (III), terbium (III), dysprosium (III), holmium (III), erbium (III), iron (III) and manganese (II) ions are particularly preferred .
• Manganese (II), iron (II), iron (III), praseodymium (III), neodymium (III), samarium (III), gadolinium (III) and ytterbium (III) ions are preferred , especially dyspro- sium (III) ions.
• Acidic hydrogen atoms which are optionally present in R 1 that is to say those which have not been substituted by the central ion, can optionally be wholly or partly replaced by cations of inorganic and / or organic bases or amino acids or amino acid amides.
• Suitable inorganic cations are, for example, lithium ion, potassium ion, calcium ion and in particular sodium ion.
• Suitable cations of organic bases include those of primary, secondary or tertiary amines, such as, for example, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, morpholine, glucamine, N, N-dimethylglucamine and in particular N-methylglucamine.
• Suitable cations of amino acids are, for example, those of lysine, arginine and ornithine and the amides of otherwise acidic or neutral amino acids.
• Particularly preferred compounds of the general formula Id are those with the macrocycle K of the general formulas Ild, 11ld, VdB or Vlld.
• the radical U in the metal complex K preferably denotes -CH 2 - or C 6 H -0- CH - ⁇ , where ⁇ stands for the binding site at -CO-.
• the alkyl groups R 2 and R 3 in the macrocycle of the general formula III can be straight-chain or branched. Examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl.
• R 2 and R 3 are preferably independently of one another hydrogen or CrC-alkyl.
• R 2 is methyl and R 3 is hydrogen.
• the benzyl group or the phenyl group R 2 or R 3 in the macrocycle K of the general formula III can also be substituted in the ring.
• the polar radical R in the general formula Id denotes the complex K, which, in addition to a Gd 3 * or Mn 2+ complex, can preferably also be a Ca 2+ complex.
• Particularly preferred polar radicals R are the complexes K of the general formulas III, III, VdA or VIII. With very particular preference, these R 1 have a metal ion equivalent of atomic numbers 20, 25, 39 or 64.
• the polar radical R has the following meanings:
• the polar radical R denotes the folic acid radical.
• R F - C n F 2 n + ⁇ , n is preferably the numbers 4-15.
• the radicals - C4F9, -C ⁇ Fi3, -C ⁇ Fi7, -C ⁇ 2 F25 and - Ci4F 2 g are very particularly preferred.
• the at least triple-functionalized radical G in the general formula Id, which represents the “framework”, in a preferred embodiment of the invention means the lysine residue (a) or (b).
• R 5 is a metal ion equivalent of atomic numbers 23-29, 42-46 or 58- 70 or a carboxyl protecting group, and R 2 , R 3 and U have the meaning given
• R 5 and R 2 have the meaning given or a carboxylic acid of the general formula Vk or Vm
• R 5 has the meaning given
• R 5 has the meaning given or a carboxylic acid of the general formula VIII
• R 5 and U 1 have the meanings mentioned, in optionally activated form with an amine of the general formula VIII
• G, R, Z, R F , m 1 and p 2 have the meaning given, in a coupling reaction and, if appropriate, subsequent cleavage of any protective groups which may be present, to give a metal complex of the general formula Id or if R 5 has the meaning of a protective group, after Cleavage of these protective groups in a subsequent step in a manner known per se with at least one metal oxide or metal salt of an element of atomic numbers 23-29, 42-46 or 58-70, and then, if desired, acidic atoms which may be present by cations of inorganic and / or organic bases, amino acids or amino acid amides.
• the carboxylic acids of the general formulas IIk to VIIIk used are either known compounds or are prepared by the processes described in the examples. This is how the carboxylic acids are made the general formula IIk known from DE 19652386. The production of the carboxylic acids of the general formula IVk can be found in DE 19728954.
• the precursor for compounds of the general formula VdA is N 3 - (2,6-dioxomorpholinoethyl) -N 6 - (ethoxycarbonylmethyl) -3,6-diaza-octanedioic acid, which is described in EP 263059.
• the compounds of the general formula VdB are derived from the isomeric diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid, which binds via the acetic acid at the middle N atom.
• This DTPA is described in the patents DE 19507819 and DE 19508058.
• the metal complex XVI of Table 1 is used according to the invention as a very particularly preferred compound of the general formula Id.
• galenical formulations can be used which contain paramagnetic and diamagnetic perfluoroalkyl-containing substances.
• the paramagnetic and diamagnetic substances are preferably present dissolved in an aqueous solvent.
• all of the above-mentioned metal complexes of the general formulas I, Ia, Ia, Ib, Ic and / or Id can be used as paramagnetic perfluoroalkyl-containing compounds in the formulations.
• the diamagnetic perfluoroalkyl-containing substances are of the general formula XX:
• R F represents a straight-chain or branched perfluoroalkyl radical having 4 to 30 carbon atoms
• L 2 stands for a linker and B 2 for a hydrophilic group.
• the linker L 2 is a direct bond, a -SO 2 group or a straight-chain or branched carbon chain with up to 20 carbon atoms, which can be substituted with one or more -OH, -COO " , -SO 3 groups and / or optionally one or more -0-, -S-, -CO-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CONR 9 -, -NR 9 CO-, -S0 2 -, -P0 4 -, -NH-, - Contains NR 9 groups, an aryl ring or a piperazine, where R 9 represents a Cr to C 2 o -alkyl radical, which in turn can contain one or more O atoms and / or can be substituted with -COO " or
• the hydrophilic group B 2 is a mono- or disaccharide, one or more adjacent -COO " or -S0 3 ' groups, a dicarboxylic acid, an isophthalic acid, a picolinic acid, a benzenesulfonic acid, a tetrahydropyranedicarboxylic acid, a 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid , a quaternary ammonium ion, an aminopolycarboxylic acid, an aminodipolyethylene-glycolsulfonic acid, an aminopoiyethylene glycol group, an S0 2 - (CH 2 ) 2 -OH group, a polyhydroxyalkyl chain with at least two hydroxyl groups or one or more polyethylene glycol chains with at least two glycol units, the polyethylene glycol chains being passed through a -OH or - OCH 3 group are terminated, some of which substances are already known, some of which have been newly synthesized for the preparation of the formulations
• R F represents a straight-chain or branched perfluoroalkyl radical with 4 to 30 carbon atoms and X 1 is a radical selected from the group of the following radicals (n is a number between 1 and 10):
• Preferred diamagnetic perfluoroalkyl-containing substances are those with a monosaccharide as the hydrophilic group B 2 .
• Particularly preferred diamagnetic perfluoroalkyl-containing compounds contain a perfluoroalkyl radical Rf with 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a linker L 2 , which represents a -S0 2 group or a straight-chain or branched carbon chain with up to 20 carbon atoms, which in turn is one or more -O-, - CO-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CONR-, -NRCO-, -S0 groups or a piperazine, in which R has the meaning given above, and a monosaccharide as the hydrophilic group B 2 .
• Rf perfluoroalkyl radical
• L 2 which represents a -S0 2 group or a straight-chain or branched carbon chain with up to 20 carbon atoms, which in turn is one or more -O-, - CO-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CONR-, -NRCO-, -S0 groups or a
• diamagnetic perfluoroalkyl-containing compounds are conjugates of cyclodextrin and perfluoroalkyl-containing compounds. These conjugates consist of ⁇ -, ß- or ⁇ -cyclodextrin and compounds of the general formula XXII
• a 1 is an adamantane, biphenyl or anthracene molecule
• L 3 is a linker and R F is a straight-chain or branched perfluoroalkyl radical having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
• the linker L 3 is a straight-chain hydrocarbon chain with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which by one or more oxygen atoms, one or more CO, SO2, CONH, NHCO, CONR, NRCO, NH, NR groups or one Piperazine can be interrupted, where R is a CrC 5 alkyl radical.
• Preferred compounds are the following compounds:
• the pharmaceutical formulations of the present invention contain the paramagnetic and diamagnetic perfluoroalkyl-containing compounds in a mixing ratio between 5:95 and 95: 5. Mixing ratios between 40:60 and 60:40 of the two substances are preferred. Both substances are used in millimolar concentrations. Concentrations between 0.5 and 1000 mmol / l solvent are reached.
• the solvent is preferably water.
• the metal concentration of the formulations is preferably in a range from 50-250 mmol / l.
• Mixtures of paramagnetic and diamagnetic perfluoroalkyl-containing compounds in which the perfluoroalkyl chains have a length of 6 to 12 carbon atoms are preferred. Mixtures in which both the paramagnetic and the diamagnetic perfluoroalkyl-containing compounds have a perfluoroalkyl chain with 8 carbon atoms are particularly preferred.
• the pharmaceutical formulations are prepared by weighing the paramagnetic perfluoroalkyl-containing compounds (component A) and the diamagnetic perfluoroalkyl-containing substances (component B) in mole fractions between 0.05 and 0.95 on component A or B and dissolving them in a suitable solvent.
• a particularly suitable solvent is water.
• Common pharmaceutical additives such as buffer solutions and the Ca salt of the complexing agent are then added to this solution in excess.
• the solutions are stirred vigorously.
• the solutions at 10 to 100 ° C in be treated with an ultrasonic bath. Another alternative is to treat the solutions with microwaves.
• solubilizer such as alcohol (e.g. methanol or ethanol) or another water-miscible solvent and then slowly distill it off. The distillation can be carried out under vacuum. The residue is then dissolved in water and the solution is filtered. It is also possible to separately dissolve each component in a solvent, then combine them and proceed as above. It has proven to be advantageous to present a relatively highly concentrated solution (> 100 mmol) of the metal complex (component A) and then to add component B pure and, as mentioned above, to stir the solution or to treat it with ultrasound or microwaves.
• gadolinium complexes I-XVI listed in Table 1 meet the criteria according to the invention as very particularly preferred compounds.
• the physical parameters of these metal complexes I-XVI are listed in Table 2.
• paramagnetic compounds according to the invention of the general formulas I, Ia, Ib, Ic and Id as well as the formulations according to the invention made of paramagnetic and diamagnetic perfluoroalkyl-containing substances are outstandingly suitable as contrast agents in MR imaging for the representation of plaques, tumors and necrosis.
• the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 12 hours.
• the solution is poured into a mixture of 200 ml of acetone / 1300 ml of diethyl ether and stirred for 2 hours at room temperature.
• the precipitate which has precipitated is filtered off and dissolved in a
• the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 12 hours.
• the solution is poured into a mixture of 200 ml of acetone / 1300 ml of diethyl ether and stirred for 2 hours at room temperature.
• the precipitate which has separated out is filtered off, dissolved in a mixture of a little ethanol and chromatographed on silica gel RP-18 (mobile solvent: gradient composed of tetrahydrofuran / acetonitrile / water).
• Triethylamine dissolved in 200 ml of dichloromethane, added dropwise. The mixture is stirred for 3 hours at 0 ° C., then for 6 hours at room temperature. 300 ml of 5% aqu. Hydrochloric acid and stir well for 15 minutes. The organic phase is separated off, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The residue is on silica gel (mobile solvent:
• the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 12 hours.
• the solution is poured into a mixture of 200 ml of acetone / 1300 ml of diethyl ether and stirred for 2 hours at room temperature.
• the precipitate which has separated out is filtered off, dissolved in a mixture of a little ethanol / water and chromatographed on silica gel
• Example 7 4,7-Tris (carboxylatomethyl) -10 - [(3-aza-4-oxo-hexan-5-yl) -acid-N- (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H, 4H, 4H, 5H , 5H-3-oxa-perfluorotridecyl) -amide] -1, 4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane, gadolinium complex
• tieme intaranaiyse calc .: C 22.15 H 1.30 N 5.17 F 59.57 found: C 22.04 H 1.41 N 5.05 F 59.62
• Trifluoroacetic acid dissolved and stirred for 5 hours at room temperature. It is evaporated to the dry state in a vacuum and the residue is chromatographed on silica gel RP-18 (mobile solvent: gradient composed of tetrahydrofuran / acetonitrile / water). After evaporation of the product-containing fractions, the residue is dissolved in water and mixed with 5% aqu. Sodium hydroxide solution adjusted to pH 7.2. The solution is filtered and the filtrate freeze-dried. Yield: 10.48 g (91% of theory)
• the precipitated solid is filtered off and then purified by chromatography (RP-18; eluent: gradient from water / ethanol / acetonitrile).
• the product obtained is dissolved in a little water and the pH of the solution is adjusted to 7.4 with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
• the product solution is then freeze-dried. Yield: 79.1 g (89% of theory) of a colorless solid. Water content: 10.3%.
• 6-N- (ethoxycarbonylmethyl) -3,6-diazaoctanedioic acid and stirred for 5 hours at 50 ° C. It is evaporated to dryness in vacuo.
• the residue is dissolved in 200 ml of water and the pH of the resulting solution is adjusted to 13 by adding 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The mixture is stirred for 8 hours at 22 ° C. and a pH of 13.
• the solution is brought to a pH of 7.2 by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid and then evaporated to dryness in vacuo.
• the residue is chromatographed on silica gel RP-18 (mobile solvent: gradient from water / ethanol / acetonitrile).
• Example 26 a) 6-N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-2-N- [1, 4,7-tris (carboxylatomethyl) -1, 4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane] -10- (pentanoyl-3aza 4-oxo-5-methyl-5yl )] - L-lysine [1 - (4-perfluorooctylsulfonyl) piperazine] amide, Gd complex
• Example 27b 70 g (44.07 mmol) of the title compound from Example 27b are dissolved in 800 ml of ethanol and 8 g of palladium catalyst (10% Pd / C) are added. It is hydrogenated at room temperature. The catalyst is filtered off and the filtrate is evaporated to dryness in vacuo.
• the precipitated solid is filtered off and then purified by chromatography (silica gel RP-18, mobile solvent: gradient from water / ethanol / acetonitrile). Yield: 31.98 g (43.0% of theory) of a colorless solid. Water content: 3.5%.
• a stirred suspension of 141.0 g (289 mmol) of the title compound from Example 30b) in 200 ml of dioxane is admixed in portions with a total of 238.5 g (4.26 mol) of finely powdered potassium hydroxide powder at room temperature and with vigorous stirring at the same time.
• the reaction mixture is mixed with a further 200 ml of dioxane and the suspension thus obtained is subsequently heated to boiling point and a total of 372 ml (3.128 mol) of benzyl bromide are added dropwise at this temperature over a period of two hours.
• reaction mixture After a reaction time of 4 hours at 110 ° C., followed by 12 hours at room temperature, the reaction mixture is poured slowly into a total of 2.5 liters of ice water for the purpose of working up, and the water phase is subsequently extracted completely with diethyl ether. After washing the ether phase thus obtained and then drying it over sodium sulfate, the salt is filtered off with suction and the diethyl ether is stripped off in vacuo. Excess benzyl bromide is then quantitatively distilled off from the reaction mixture in an oil pump vacuum at an oil bath temperature of 180 ° C.
• the suspension obtained is then mixed with sufficient acetone until the above-mentioned title compound has completely precipitated, the precipitate is filtered off with suction, dried, taken up in water, filtered off from insoluble dicyclohexylurea and the filtrate is passed through an AMICON® YM-3 ultrafiltration membrane (cut off: 3000 Da) desalted and cleaned of low molecular components. The retentate is then freeze-dried. Yield: 93.0 g (81.6% of theory) as a colorless lyophilisate. H2 ⁇ content (Karl Fischer): 9.53%.
• Example 31 a) 2-N- [1 -0- ⁇ -D- (5-carbonyl) pentyl-mannopyranose] -6-N- ⁇ 2- [4- (3-oxapropionyl) phenyl] -2- [1, 4 , 7-tris (carboxylatomethyl) -1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-10-yl] acetic acid ⁇ -L-lysine [1 - (4-perfluorooctylsulfonyl) piperazine] amide, Gd complex, sodium salt
• reaction solution of the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of the title compound from Example 3e) thus obtained is then added dropwise at 22 ° C. with a solution of 4.0 g (4.12 mmol) of the title compound from Example 10Ae) in 15 ml of absolute dimethyl sulfoxide and a further 12 Stirred for hours at room temperature.
• the reaction solution is added dropwise in 900 ml of acetone at 22 ° C., the title compound precipitating out as a colorless precipitate.
• the precipitate is filtered off, dissolved in 200 ml of distilled water and then the pH of this solution is adjusted to exactly 7.2 with 1 molar sodium hydroxide solution.
• the aqueous product solution thus obtained is over a YM3
• Ultrafiltration membrane (AMICON ®; cut off: 3000 Da) ultrafiltered three times for the purpose of desalination and the separation of low-molecular components. The retentate thus obtained is then freeze-dried.
• Example 32 3,5-bis-benzyloxycarbonylamino-benzoic acid N- (3-oxa- 1 H, 1 H, 2H, 2H, 4H, 4H, 5H, 5H-perfluorotridecyl) -amide
• reaction solution After a reaction time of one hour at -15 ° C and two hours at room temperature, the reaction solution is evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The remaining residue is taken up in 300 ml of ethyl acetate and washed twice with 200 ml of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and once with 300 ml of water. After the organic phase has been dried over sodium sulfate, the salt is filtered off with suction and the ethyl acetate is stripped off in vacuo. The remaining oily residue is purified on silica gel using dichloromethane / hexane / 2-propanol (10: 5: 1) as an eluent.
• reaction solution is added dropwise at 22 ° C. in 500 ml of acetone, the title compound precipitating out as a colorless precipitate.
• the precipitate is filtered off, dissolved in 200 ml of distilled water and over a YM3 ultrafiltration membrane (AMICON ®; cut off: 3000 Da) for the purpose of desalination and the separation of low molecular weight Components ultrafiltered three times. The retentate thus obtained is then freeze-dried.
• AMICON ® YM3 ultrafiltration membrane
• Amine component as a colorless lyophilisate with a water content of 8.98%.
• the title compound is added, the precipitate is filtered off with suction, dried, taken up in water, filtered off from insoluble dicyclohexylurea and the filtrate is desalted via an AMICON® YM-3 ultrafiltration membrane (cut off: 3000 Da) and cleaned of low molecular weight constituents. The retentate is then freeze-dried.
• a stirred suspension of 141.0 g (289 mmol) of the title compound from Example 37a) in 200 ml of dioxane is mixed with a total of 238.5 g (4.26 mol) of finely powdered potassium hydroxide powder at room temperature and with vigorous stirring at the same time.
• the reaction mixture is mixed with a further 200 ml of dioxane and the suspension thus obtained is subsequently heated to boiling heat and a total of 372 ml (3.128 mol) of benzyl bromide are added dropwise at this temperature over a period of two hours.
• L-lysine methyl ester dihydrochloride (commercially available from Bachern) and 4.05 g (40.26 mmol) of triethylamine in 100 ml of dimethylformamide is added dropwise to a solution of 27.51 g (36.6 mmol) of the title compound from Example 37c) in 150 ml of dimethylformamide. After the addition has ended, the mixture is stirred for a further hour at 0 ° C. and then overnight at room temperature.

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