EP1294639A1 - Procede d'obtention de nitrure de silicium - Google Patents

Procede d'obtention de nitrure de silicium

Info

Publication number
EP1294639A1
EP1294639A1 EP01951386A EP01951386A EP1294639A1 EP 1294639 A1 EP1294639 A1 EP 1294639A1 EP 01951386 A EP01951386 A EP 01951386A EP 01951386 A EP01951386 A EP 01951386A EP 1294639 A1 EP1294639 A1 EP 1294639A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silicon
silicon nitride
reaction
compounds
reacted
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01951386A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Norbert Auner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10039752A external-priority patent/DE10039752A1/de
Priority claimed from DE10039751A external-priority patent/DE10039751A1/de
Priority claimed from DE10039753A external-priority patent/DE10039753A1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1294639A1 publication Critical patent/EP1294639A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01B21/06—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron
    • C01B21/068—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01B21/06—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron
    • C01B21/068—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron with silicon
    • C01B21/0682—Preparation by direct nitridation of silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/20—Silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C01C1/026—Preparation of ammonia from inorganic compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the production of silicon nitride (Si3N 4 ).
  • the invention has for its object to provide a process for the production of silicon nitride which is particularly simple and economical to carry out with a high yield.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention by a method in which nitrogen and / or nitrogen compounds are reacted with silicon and / or silicon compounds in a reaction chamber with the aid of a subgroup element or subgroup element oxide.
  • Subgroup elements here mean the corresponding elements of the subgroups of the periodic table of the elements.
  • Sub-group element oxides are the oxides thereof. Particularly good results can be achieved with the elements of the sub-group of the group
  • subgroup element or subgroup element oxide used acts as an initiator, activator or catalyst.
  • the presence of the subgroup element or subgroup element oxide results in the silicon or the silicon compound being reacted with nitrogen to form silicon nitride, this reaction being associated with a rapid rise in temperature (exothermic reaction sequence), which leads to the desired particularly high energy yield.
  • a rapid rise in temperature in the reaction chamber to 1000 ° C. and more was observed.
  • the subgroup element or subgroup element oxide is also preferably used in powder form, expediently as a mixture with the powder made of silicon and / or Silicon compound.
  • the silicon and / or the silicon compounds are reacted as a powder coated with the subgroup element or subgroup element oxide.
  • a powder of silicon and / or a silicon compound with an activated surface is expediently used.
  • the reaction with the subgroup element or subgroup element oxide is initiated in a first stage, in particular by external heating and / or by carrying out an exothermic pre-reaction.
  • a preliminary reaction can be carried out with chloromethane, the reaction of silicon and chloromethane generating sufficient adiabatic heat to initiate the reaction of silicon with the subgroup element or subgroup element oxide.
  • a mixture of silicon and / or a silicon compound and the subgroup element or subgroup element oxide is used only as an ignition mixture in the reactor, since the reaction of silicon with N 2 generates sufficient heat to be self-sustaining.
  • the powder mixture used is largely gas-impermeable due to the small particle size, so that the nitrogen introduced into the reaction chamber is only pressed on as a gas and a reaction front runs through the reaction chamber.
  • a further variant of the process according to the invention provides that the reaction mixture is made available in porous form % (processed) and the nitrogen gas is passed through the mixture (bed). This procedure has advantages in reactor cooling and enables the use of Gas mixtures (nitrogen and inert gas) to control the heat generated by the reaction. In addition, the heat development in the reactor is locally homogeneous.
  • Nitrogen gas used.
  • very low initial temperatures approximately 100-300 ° C.
  • nitrogen-containing mixtures or nitrogen compounds can also be used if the desired course of the reaction with silicon is thereby achieved under the initiating, activating or catalyzing action of the added sub-group element or sub-group element oxide.
  • Copper or copper oxide is preferably used as the sub-group element or sub-group element oxide, copper oxide (CuO) being particularly preferred.
  • silanes especially silane oils, preferably those with a chain length of Si 5 H 12 to Si 9 H 20.
  • silanes have the consistency of paraffin oils and can be produced on an industrial scale. They can be pumped so that they can be fed to a suitable reaction chamber without problems.
  • the hydrogen of the silicon-hydrogen compounds is expediently burned to water in order to generate high temperatures in the presence of an oxygen-supplying oxidizing agent, whereupon the reaction of the nitrogen with the silicon ciu with the help of the subgroup element or subgroup element oxide.
  • Silicides and silicon alloys can also be used as silicon compounds.
  • silanes In order to allow the nitrogen to react with the silicon of silicon hydride compounds, in particular silanes, it can be advantageous to add elemental silicon to the silicon hydride compound used, which is also reacted with the nitrogen with the aid of the element or oxide used. In addition to elemental silicon, silicides can also be added for this purpose.
  • Si and / or Si compounds with high energy yield can thus be converted to silicon nitride in an accelerated manner.
  • the energy released in this reaction can be used to operate drives, for example missile drives, such as rocket drives, shaft drives, etc.
  • the effect of the subgroup element or oxide can be increased by promoters, such as zinc, zinc compounds.
  • Nitrogen gas is preferably used to carry out the method according to the invention.
  • mixtures of nitrogen and other gases can also be used, with air (atmospheric air) naturally being particularly preferred because of its availability.
  • air atmospheric air
  • ferrosilicon can also be used.
  • Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that the silicon nitride obtained can be used as a starting product for further processes.
  • the subgroup element or subgroup element oxide used activates the silicon. However, it cannot be ruled out that this element or oxide instead or additionally causes an activation of the nitrogen so that it can react appropriately with the silicon. In any case, the invention includes both options.
  • the invention provides in a preferred embodiment that the silicon nitride obtained is reacted with a strong base or its aqueous solution to form a silicate.
  • silicates are extremely important.
  • glass, porcelain, enamel, pottery, cement and water glass are technically important products made of silicates.
  • Pure alkali silicates are used for a variety of applications, including as binders, impregnating agents, preservatives, for the production of washing and cleaning agents etc.
  • Pure alkali silicates of the formulas N 4 Si0 4 , F 2 Si0 3 , N 2 Si 2 0 5 and N 2 Si 4 0g can be prepared according to the prior art by melting pure quartz sand and alkali carbonate at about 1300 ° C. The products that initially appear glassy when the melt solidifies can be brought to crystallization by prolonged tempering below their melting point.
  • the aforementioned method according to the invention is characterized by particular simplicity and economy. It is preferably carried out in such a way that the silicon nitride obtained is discharged from a reactor used for its production and is introduced into the strong base or its aqueous solution.
  • the silicon nitride is expediently treated with a hot base or implemented a hot aqueous solution thereof.
  • a variant of this process is characterized in that an alkali silicate is obtained by reacting the silicon nitride obtained with a strong alkali lye or its aqueous solution.
  • Sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) are preferably used. This produces sodium and potassium silicates of the composition n 2 0-nSi0 2 , which are referred to as "water glasses" because of their water solubility.
  • the silicate-rich water glasses represent a ⁇ mineral glue '' and are used - especially in the form of sodium water glass - for cementing fragments of glass and porcelain, for impregnating and gluing paper, for preservation, as flame retardants, for the production of silica sols, silica gels and zeolites, etc.
  • Potassium glass rich in silicate is mainly used as a binder for television tube fluorescent materials, mineral paints, paints, cleaning agents etc.
  • the low-silica water glasses are used to manufacture detergents and cleaning agents.
  • a further variant is characterized in that an alkaline earth silicate is obtained by reacting the silicon nitride obtained with a strong alkaline earth solution or its aqueous solution.
  • an alkaline earth silicate is obtained by reacting the silicon nitride obtained with calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2 ) calcium silicates can be produced as an additive for calcium fertilizers.
  • the silicon nitride obtained is reacted with a strong base or its aqueous solution to form ammonia (NH 3 ).
  • the procedure is preferably as follows conditions that the silicon nitride obtained is discharged from a reactor used for its production and introduced into the strong base or its aqueous solution.
  • the silicon nitride is expediently reacted with a hot base or a hot aqueous solution thereof.
  • the silicon nitride obtained is first reacted with the strong base or its aqueous solution to form an amide, which is then converted into an ammonium salt from which the ammonia is obtained.
  • NaOH, KOH or Ca (OH) 2 are preferably used as the strong base. When implemented with these bases, further products are obtained which have numerous areas of application.
  • the silicon nitride obtained is reacted with C0 2 and H 2 0 to form ammonium carbonate ((NH 4 ) 2 C0 3 ) and silicon dioxide (Si0 2 ), and the ammonium carbonate is thermally decomposed to ammonia or by adding converted to ammonia with a base.
  • Yet another process variant relates to the conversion of the silicon nitride obtained with hydrofluoric acid (HF) to ammonia.
  • an acid namely hydrofluoric acid
  • Hot hydrofluoric acid or hot hydrogen fluoride is preferably used in this acidic decomposition.
  • the silicon nitride obtained is advantageously reacted with hydrofluoric acid to give ammonium hexafluorosilicate ((NH 4 ) 2 SiFg), from which ammonia and silicon tetrafluoride (SiF 4 ) are obtained by heating.
  • ammonium hexafluorosilicate (NH 4 ) 2 SiFg)
  • ammonia and silicon tetrafluoride (SiF 4 ) are obtained by heating.
  • Silicon powder (grain size 15-25 ⁇ m) with an activated surface is mixed with 30% CuO in a metal or glass reactor. Chloromethane is introduced and the reactor is heated from the outside (about 150 ° C). After a short time (a few minutes) the reaction of silicon and
  • Chloromethane has sufficient adiabatic heat to start the reaction of silicon with copper oxide, recognizable by the formation of a copper level on the reactor wall. Nitrogen is then introduced and reacts with the silicon to form silicon nitride, the temperature in the reactor rapidly rising to 1000 ° C. With this educt ratio, adiabatic temperature increases of around 6000 ° C can be expected.
  • the educt mixture used is largely gas-impermeable due to the small particle size, so that nitrogen is only pressed on and a reaction front through the
  • the reactor is running. It is conceivable to prepare the reaction mixture in porous form and to pass the nitrogen gas through the bed. This would have advantages in reactor cooling and would allow the use of gas mixtures (nitrogen and inert gas) to control the heat generated by the reaction. Likewise, the heat development in the reactor would take place more homogeneously locally.
  • the upstream reaction with chloromethane can be replaced by intensive external heating, since it only supplies heat that can start the reaction with copper oxide. This happens with activated silicon at 190 ° C.
  • a mixture of fine Si powder and fine CuO powder was introduced into a horizontal reactor provided with heating rods.
  • the reactor was then preheated to about 200 ° C. Air was then injected into the reactor.
  • the Si 3 N 4 produced in this way was discharged from the reactor and introduced into hot sodium hydroxide solution. This produced sodium silicates and gaseous ammonia.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Silicon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'obtention de nitrure de silicium (Si3N4). Selon ce procédé, on fait réagir de l'azote et/ou des composés azotés, à l'aide d'un élément des sous-groupes ou d'un oxyde d'un élément des sous-groupes, avec du silicium et/ou des composés de silicium, dans une chambre de réaction. Tout en étant d'un déroulement simple et rapide, ce procédé permet d'obtenir un rendement élevé.
EP01951386A 2000-06-17 2001-06-15 Procede d'obtention de nitrure de silicium Withdrawn EP1294639A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10029911 2000-06-17
DE10029902 2000-06-17
DE10029903 2000-06-17
DE10029911 2000-06-17
DE10029903 2000-06-17
DE10029902 2000-06-17
DE10039752 2000-08-16
DE10039752A DE10039752A1 (de) 2000-06-17 2000-08-16 Verfahren zur Silicatgewinnung
DE10039751A DE10039751A1 (de) 2000-06-17 2000-08-16 Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Siliciumnitrid
DE10039751 2000-08-16
DE10039753 2000-08-16
DE10039753A DE10039753A1 (de) 2000-06-17 2000-08-16 Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Ammoniak
PCT/DE2001/002229 WO2001098205A1 (fr) 2000-06-17 2001-06-15 Procede d'obtention de nitrure de silicium

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1294639A1 true EP1294639A1 (fr) 2003-03-26

Family

ID=27544996

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01951386A Withdrawn EP1294639A1 (fr) 2000-06-17 2001-06-15 Procede d'obtention de nitrure de silicium

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20030165417A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1294639A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2001272339A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001098205A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10121476A1 (de) * 2001-05-03 2002-11-07 Norbert Auner Verfahren zur Herstellung von Siliciumnitrid
DE102009011311A1 (de) * 2009-03-03 2010-09-09 Auner, Gudrun Annette Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ammoniak
DE102010009502A1 (de) * 2010-02-26 2011-09-01 Spawnt Private S.À.R.L. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Harnstoff
CN109401360B (zh) * 2017-08-18 2020-08-21 中国科学院化学研究所 一种对高温结构陶瓷材料进行表面改性的方法

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3206318A (en) * 1961-04-25 1965-09-14 Showa Denko Kk Refractory material
US4386228A (en) * 1977-10-25 1983-05-31 Stauffer Chemical Company Process for start-up of oxychlorination reaction
JPS5595605A (en) * 1979-01-10 1980-07-21 Toyo Soda Mfg Co Ltd High purity silicon nitride and production thereof
US4397828A (en) * 1981-11-16 1983-08-09 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Stable liquid polymeric precursor to silicon nitride and process
JPS5992906A (ja) * 1982-11-19 1984-05-29 Mitsubishi Metal Corp 窒化ケイ素の製造方法
EP0628514B1 (fr) * 1993-06-11 1997-03-12 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Préparation de poudre de nitrure de silicium ayant une teneur de alpha élevée
DE4439073C1 (de) * 1994-11-02 1996-05-15 Kunkel Klaus Dr Ing Diskusförmiger Flugkörper mit einer Strahltriebwerks- und einer Raketentriebwerksanordnung
JPH09156909A (ja) * 1995-12-07 1997-06-17 Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd 窒化ケイ素粉末の連続製造方法
DE19612507C2 (de) * 1996-03-29 2002-06-27 Kunkel Klaus Verfahren zum Antreiben einer Welle und Antrieb hierfür
JP3559382B2 (ja) * 1996-03-29 2004-09-02 京セラ株式会社 窒化珪素質焼結体の製造方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0198205A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2001272339A1 (en) 2002-01-02
US20030165417A1 (en) 2003-09-04
WO2001098205A1 (fr) 2001-12-27

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