EP1290312B1 - Verfahren zur wasserabdichtung von tunneln - Google Patents

Verfahren zur wasserabdichtung von tunneln Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1290312B1
EP1290312B1 EP01946109A EP01946109A EP1290312B1 EP 1290312 B1 EP1290312 B1 EP 1290312B1 EP 01946109 A EP01946109 A EP 01946109A EP 01946109 A EP01946109 A EP 01946109A EP 1290312 B1 EP1290312 B1 EP 1290312B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waterproofing
tunnel
sheet
concrete
secondary coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01946109A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1290312A1 (de
EP1290312A4 (de
Inventor
Sachio c/o Denki Kagaku Kogyo Ltd SHIMIZU
Keiichi c/o Central Research Laboratories KOSUGE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WR Grace and Co Conn
Original Assignee
WR Grace and Co Conn
WR Grace and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by WR Grace and Co Conn, WR Grace and Co filed Critical WR Grace and Co Conn
Publication of EP1290312A1 publication Critical patent/EP1290312A1/de
Publication of EP1290312A4 publication Critical patent/EP1290312A4/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1290312B1 publication Critical patent/EP1290312B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E21D11/383—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating by applying waterproof flexible sheets; Means for fixing the sheets to the tunnel or cavity wall
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a waterproofing method for tunnels.
  • paste, mortar and concrete are used as general terms to refer to cement concrete.
  • the principal tunnel construction method in Japan at present is the NATM method.
  • the NATM construction method is a method in which primary coating is performed by means of spray mortar or spray concrete immediately after excavation of the tunnel to prevent falling of rock and water leakage in the excavation region, after which a secondary coating concrete is applied to stabilize the tunnel by maintaining tunnel strength.
  • a waterproofing sheet is installed for the purpose of waterproofing and insulation between the primary coating concrete and the secondary coating concrete so that leakage of water into the tunnel can be prevented and so that cracks due to binding of the secondary coating concrete to earth mounds or movement of earth mounds can be prevented.
  • TBM construction method tunnel boring machines
  • waterproofing sheets are installed for the same objectives.
  • the width of the sheet is narrow, being 1 to 2 m, there are the problems that it takes great effort and trouble and it is uneconomical when the ends of the waterproofing sheets are overlaid on each other and joined by welding.
  • EP-A1-0,898,052 discloses spraying a waterproofing slurry onto a first layer of concrete lining a tunnel, applying an elastic hot compound and adding an inner concrete shell.
  • WO 00/05487 also discloses spraying of a waterproofing slurry in a tunnel lining method. Nails are driven into the first layer of concrete such that their heads provide a key for the inner concrete shell.
  • CH 560 811 also discloses spraying of a sealing layer in a tunnel lining method as do CH 688 135, US 3,545,213 and WO 98/24738.
  • JP 03-180699 discloses use of a PVC sheet as a waterproof sheet in a tunnel lining method.
  • US 6,193,439 discloses attaching an inner concrete shell to a sealing layer of a tunnel liner.
  • Profiling of the surface of the sealing layer serves to anchor the two layers together.
  • the inventors conducted various studies of the aforementioned problems. As a result, they perfected this invention by discovering a tunnel waterproofing construction method whereby a waterproofing sheet that is adhesive to the secondary coating cement concrete is installed on the primary spray cement concrete surface before installing the secondary coating cement concrete, and, in which, by making it into a single entity with the secondary coating cement concrete, infiltration of water between the waterproofing sheet and the secondary coating concrete because of poor weld sites and damage of the ends of the waterproofing sheets is prevented, leakage of water is prevented even when cracks are generated in the secondary coating cement concrete and waterproofing capacity can be greatly increased.
  • this invention is a tunnel waterproofing method comprising: spraying a primary layer of cement concrete on the excavation surface of the tunnel, establishing on said primary cement concrete layer a buffer-water conducting layer by affixing a non-woven fabric, a fibrous material, or plates of irregular shapes, establishing on said buffer-water conducting layer a waterproofing sheet, comprising a plastic or rubber sheet and an adhesive layer operative to adhere with a secondary coating concrete applied on said waterproofing sheet, and establishing onto said waterproofing sheet a secondary coating of cement concrete on said adhesive layer of said waterproofing sheet, thereby achieving waterproofing of the tunnel.
  • This invention is a construction method in which the waterproofing sheet and the tunnel are made into a single entity by spraying, preferably, a fast-drying cement concrete onto the excavated tunnel surface, after which a waterproofing sheet that is adhesive with the secondary coating cement concrete is installed.
  • This waterproofing sheet allows for follow-up of cracking of cement concrete due to drying and contraction of the secondary coating cement concrete and of earth mounds after completion.
  • water leakage does not occur as with conventional waterproofing sheets as a result of water infiltrating between the waterproofing sheet and the secondary coating cement concrete, of impairment of the waterproofing capacity of the tunnel as a whole, and of cracks in the secondary coating cement concrete.
  • a waterproofing sheet that is made into a single entity with the secondary coating cement concrete prevents water leakage with good follow-up capacity and without damage occurring even when cracks are generated in the tunnel itself, waterproofing capacity is increased to a great extent by comparison to conventional waterproofing construction methods.
  • waterproofing sheets that are adhesive with secondary coating cement concrete include uncrosslinked rubber sheets such as isoprene rubber and natural rubber.
  • the waterproofing sheet that is adhesive with the secondary coating cement concrete may also contain antioxidants, ultraviolet radiation absorbents and tackiness-decreasing agents.
  • the layer having adhesiveness with the secondary cement concrete with a polymeric sheet from the standpoint of increasing the insulation effect with the secondary coating cement concrete if it has been bound with the earth mound.
  • a layer that is adhesive with the secondary coating cement concrete and a multilayer waterproofing sheet that is laminated with a polymeric sheet are used, they are installed so that the primary spray cement concrete surface side and the polymeric sheet are in contact and the secondary coating cement concrete is installed on the waterproofing sheet surface side that is adhesive with the secondary coating cement concrete.
  • Examples of the material of the polymeric sheet can include high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, copolymers of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and polypropylene. Of these, high-density polypropylene is preferable from the standpoint of insulation effect, strength, crack follow-up capacity and price.
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
  • a buffer-water conducting layer is be established before installing the waterproofing sheet that is adhesive with the secondary coating cement concrete for the purpose of increasing the insulation effect, decreasing water pressure in sites in which there is a great deal of groundwater and increasing the waterproofing effect.
  • buffer-waterproofing layers can include layers that are formed by spraying a fibrous substance such as pulp nonwoven fabrics of fibers such as polyester fibers and polypropylene and plates or irregular shapes.
  • a U-shaped simulation tunnel having openings of 4 m, a height of 3.5 m and a length of 3 m was made. Irregularities of the tunnel earth mound surface were presumed in the simulation tunnel and fifteen concrete blocks of 15 cm in width, 20 cm in height and 20 cm in length were installed at suitable intervals to form an irregular surface.
  • Fast-drying mortar was used as the primary spray mortar and was sprayed so that the fast-drying mortar was 10 cm in thickness.
  • a multilayer waterproofing sheet having adhesiveness to the secondary coating concrete (brand name, "Preprufe 300;” manufactured by the Grace Construction Products Company of the United States; a two-layer sheet comprised of two layers, a layer having adhesiveness to concrete and a polyethylene layer; 2.7 mm in thickness) was affixed by riveting to the primary spray mortar surface.
  • the secondary coating concrete was applied to a thickness of 30 cm. To simulate damage to the multilayer waterproofing sheet, cuts were made in a part of it.
  • a single entity with the secondary coating concrete was also well maintained in the region of the cut, with the cut in the concrete being in a linear pattern of less than 2 mm.
  • a static water pressure of 60 m was applied in the gap between the primary spray concrete and the multilayer waterproofing sheet. However, water did not enter into the gap between the multilayer waterproofing sheet and the secondary coating concrete, with good waterproofing capacity being shown.
  • the multilayer waterproofing sheet that was used had adhesiveness, the multilayer waterproofing sheets could be adhered to each other satisfactorily simply by superimposing the ends of the multilayer waterproofing sheets on each other. For this reason, execution capacity was extremely good and an excellent value of 1.7 N/mm was obtained for adhesive strength of the superimposed parts.
  • Adhesive strength with the concrete In accordance with ASTM D 903 (90 degree peeling strength). Adhesive strength of superimposed portions: In accordance with ASTM D 1876 (Determinations in the case in which multilayer waterproofing sheets are superimposed).
  • Example 2 The same procedure was carried out as in Example 1 except that the multilayer waterproofing sheet having adhesiveness with the secondary coating concrete that was used was a product of the brand name "Santacker* Sheet” (isoprene rubber waterproofing sheet, a nonwoven fabric lined product, manufactured by Hayakawa Rubber). *Phonetic spelling-Trans. note.
  • Example 2 The same procedure was carried out as in Example 1 except that a waterproofing sheet made of EVA (which did not have adhesiveness with the secondary coating concrete) was used instead of a multilayer waterproofing sheet having adhesiveness with the secondary coating concrete.
  • a waterproofing sheet made of EVA which did not have adhesiveness with the secondary coating concrete
  • the secondary coating cement concrete and the waterproofing sheets into a single entity using the waterproofing sheets of this invention having adhesiveness with the secondary coating cement concrete, water does not infiltrate between the gap between the waterproofing sheets and the secondary coating concrete and excellent waterproofing capacity can be assured even if a part of the waterproofing sheets is damaged.
  • the crack follow-up of the waterproofing sheets of this invention is good, the waterproofing sheets are not damaged and excellent waterproofing capacity can be assured even if cracks develop in the secondary coating cement concrete. Even if by any chance the crack width is large and damage of the waterproofing sheet occurs, because the other portions of the waterproofing sheet are a single entity with the secondary coating cement, water does not infiltrate into the gap between the waterproofing sheets and the secondary coating concrete; therefore, the industrial benefits are extremely great.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Verfahren zur Abdichtung eines Tunnels, bei dem eine primäre Schicht aus Zementbeton auf die Aushuboberfläche des Tunnels gesprüht wird, auf dieser primären Zementbetonschicht eine wasserleitende Pufferschicht durch Anbringung eines Faservlieses, eines Fasermaterials oder Platten von unregelmäßiger Form ausgebildet wird, auf diese wasserleitenden Pufferschicht eine Dichtungsbahn aufgebracht wird, die eine Kunststoff- oder Kautschukbahn und eine Klebstoffschicht umfasst, die für das Verkleben mit einer sekundären Betonbeschichtung geeignet ist, die auf die Abdichtungsbahn aufgebracht wird, und auf der Abdichtungsbahn eine sekundäre Beschichtung aus Zementbeton auf der Klebstoffschicht der Abdichtungsbahn ausgebildet wird, wodurch die Abdichtung des Tunnels erzielt wird.
  2. Verfahren zur Abdichtung eines Tunnels nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Abdichtungsbahn eine polymere Bahn aufweist, die Polyethylen hoher Dichte, Polyethylen niedriger Dichte, Copolymere von Ethylenvinylacetat, Polypropylen oder Mischungen derselben umfasst.
  3. Verfahren zur Abdichtung eines Tunnels nach Anspruch 2, bei dem die polymere Bahn Polyethylen ist.
  4. Verfahren zur Abdichtung eines Tunnels nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Abdichtungsbahn unvernetzten Kautschuk umfasst.
  5. Verfahren zur Abdichtung eines Tunnels nach Anspruch 4, bei dem der unvernetzte Kautschuk Isoprenkautschuk, Naturkautschuk oder Mischungen derselben umfasst.
  6. Verfahren zur Abdichtung eines Tunnels nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Abdichtungsmembran ausgebildet wird, indem Enden von Abdichtungsbahnen jeweils übereinander gelegt werden.
  7. Verfahren zur Abdichtung eines Tunnels nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Ausbildung einer wasserleitenden Pufferschicht erfolgt, indem eine faserige Substanz gesprüht wird.
  8. Verfahren zum Abdichten eines Tunnels nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Ausbildung einer wasserleitenden Pufferschicht das Sprühen von Fasern umfasst, die Polyester, Polypropylen oder Mischungen derselben umfassen.
  9. Verfahren zum Abdichten eines Tunnels nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Ausbildung einer wasserleitenden Pufferschicht die Anbringung von Platten mit unregelmäßiger Form umfasst.
  10. Verfahren zum Abdichten eines Tunnels nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Ausbildung einer wasserleitenden Pufferschicht die Anbringung eines Vliesstoffes unter Verwendung von Klebstoff oder Nieten umfasst.
  11. Verfahren zum Abdichten eines Tunnels nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Tunnel ein U-förmiger Tunnel ist.
EP01946109A 2000-06-12 2001-06-05 Verfahren zur wasserabdichtung von tunneln Expired - Lifetime EP1290312B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000175769 2000-06-12
JP2000175769A JP2001355398A (ja) 2000-06-12 2000-06-12 トンネル防水方法
PCT/US2001/018239 WO2001096709A1 (en) 2000-06-12 2001-06-05 A tunnel waterproofing method

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1290312A1 EP1290312A1 (de) 2003-03-12
EP1290312A4 EP1290312A4 (de) 2005-05-04
EP1290312B1 true EP1290312B1 (de) 2006-08-16

Family

ID=18677597

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01946109A Expired - Lifetime EP1290312B1 (de) 2000-06-12 2001-06-05 Verfahren zur wasserabdichtung von tunneln

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1290312B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2001355398A (de)
KR (1) KR100783985B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1328475C (de)
AT (1) ATE336641T1 (de)
AU (2) AU6819601A (de)
CA (1) CA2411273C (de)
DE (1) DE60122322T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2269425T3 (de)
HK (1) HK1050560A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2001096709A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100516464C (zh) * 2006-06-02 2009-07-22 四川省交通厅公路规划勘察设计研究院 一种隧道支护结构
CN101614129B (zh) * 2009-08-10 2011-07-27 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 隧道防排水系统的施工方法
DE102014112159A1 (de) * 2014-08-26 2016-03-03 Köster Bauchemie AG Verfahren zum Herstellen von gegen Wasser abgedichteten Oberflächen aus Materialien auf Zementbasis
CN113309109B (zh) * 2021-05-26 2022-07-15 广西壮族自治区地质环境监测站 一种松散土层内深基坑近坑壁快速堵水加固的施工方法

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BE712437A (de) * 1967-03-22 1968-07-31
AT318862B (de) * 1971-05-28 1974-11-25 Sika Ag Verfahren zum Abdichten der Wände von Ingenierbauwerken aus Beton
DE2819230A1 (de) * 1978-05-02 1979-11-08 Kalk Chemische Fabrik Gmbh Verfahren zum ausfuellen von hohlraeumen zwischen gebirge und ausbau beim auffahren von strecken im bergbaubetrieb
US4415751A (en) * 1981-03-27 1983-11-15 Eli Lilly And Company Process for preparing phenylalkanoic acids
FI823889A0 (fi) * 1981-11-25 1982-11-12 Mc Bauchemie Myller Gmbh & Co Foerfarande foer taetning och stabilisering av byggnader och byggnadsdelar samt material foer genomfoerande av detta
FI69503C (fi) * 1984-03-13 1986-02-10 Neste Oy Ytbelagd bergsbehaollare eller tunnel
ES8507218A1 (es) * 1984-11-16 1985-08-16 Gordun Burillo Fernando Un procedimiento de impermeabilizacion de superficies, de especial aplicacion a las superficies interiores de tuneles, canales y mineria
DE3519319A1 (de) * 1985-05-30 1986-12-04 Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Variable ventilsteuerung fuer eine hubkolben-brennkraftmaschine
JPS6228478A (ja) * 1985-07-25 1987-02-06 Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd 粘着層付き防水シ−ト
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JPH03180699A (ja) * 1989-12-11 1991-08-06 Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd 湧水処理材
CH688135A5 (fr) * 1994-12-05 1997-05-30 Pierre Andre Follonier Procédé de construction d'ouvrages en béton avec couche d'étanchéité.
GB2302153B (en) * 1995-06-12 1999-10-20 Wrc Plc Pipeline renovation
GB2308848A (en) * 1996-01-04 1997-07-09 Grace W R & Co Waterproofing materials
EP0725185A1 (de) * 1996-01-08 1996-08-07 Roland F. Wolfseher Tunnelauskleidung und Verfahren zu deren Anbringung
CN1154436A (zh) * 1996-01-12 1997-07-16 北京市地下铁道建设公司 隧道防水层制做方法
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CN2372127Y (zh) * 1999-06-28 2000-04-05 周海东 隧道用贴布橡胶瓦斯隔离板

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2001268196B2 (en) 2005-11-03
CN1328475C (zh) 2007-07-25
WO2001096709A1 (en) 2001-12-20
KR20030014710A (ko) 2003-02-19
ATE336641T1 (de) 2006-09-15
EP1290312A1 (de) 2003-03-12
DE60122322D1 (de) 2006-09-28
KR100783985B1 (ko) 2007-12-11
CA2411273C (en) 2009-02-03
AU2001268196B8 (en) 2005-12-22
ES2269425T3 (es) 2007-04-01
AU6819601A (en) 2001-12-24
DE60122322T2 (de) 2007-09-13
JP2001355398A (ja) 2001-12-26
EP1290312A4 (de) 2005-05-04
CN1524159A (zh) 2004-08-25
HK1050560A1 (en) 2003-06-27
CA2411273A1 (en) 2001-12-20

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