CA2411273C - A tunnel waterproofing method - Google Patents
A tunnel waterproofing method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2411273C CA2411273C CA002411273A CA2411273A CA2411273C CA 2411273 C CA2411273 C CA 2411273C CA 002411273 A CA002411273 A CA 002411273A CA 2411273 A CA2411273 A CA 2411273A CA 2411273 C CA2411273 C CA 2411273C
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- waterproofing
- tunnel
- sheet
- cement concrete
- secondary coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
- E21D11/383—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating by applying waterproof flexible sheets; Means for fixing the sheets to the tunnel or cavity wall
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
To provide a waterproofing construction method with which excellent waterproofing capacity can be assured. A tunnel waterproofing method characterized in that a primary spray cement concrete is sprayed on the excavation surface of the tunnel, after which a waterproofing sheet having adhesiveness with a secondary coating cement concrete is installed on said primary spray cement concrete surface and a secondary coating cement concrete is established on said waterproofing sheet surface. A buffer-water conducting layer may also be established on said primary spray cement concrete surface and a multilayer waterproofing sheet having adhesiveness with the applied cement concete may also be installed as a waterproofing sheet.
Description
[Title of the Document] Specification [Title of the Invention] A Tunnel Waterproofing Method [Detailed Description of the Invention]
[0001]
[Technological Field of the Invention]
This invention relates to a waterproofing method for tunnels.
In this invention, paste, mortar and concrete are used as general terms to refer to cement concrete.
[0001]
[Technological Field of the Invention]
This invention relates to a waterproofing method for tunnels.
In this invention, paste, mortar and concrete are used as general terms to refer to cement concrete.
[0002]
[Prior Art]
The principal tunnel construction method in Japan at present is the NATM
method. The NATM construction method is a method in which primary coating is performed by means of spray mortar or spray concrete immediately after excavation of the tunnel to prevent falling of rock and water leakage in the excavation region, after which a secondary coating concrete is applied to stabilize the tunnel by maintaining tunnel strength. At this time, a waterproofing sheet is installed for the purpose of waterproofing and insulation between the primary coating concrete and the secondary coating concrete so that leakage of water into the tunnel can be prevented and so that cracks due to binding of the secondary coating concrete to earth mounds or movement of earth mounds can be prevented. Most recently, tunnel excavation has been performed by tunnel boring machines (TBM construction method) and waterproofing sheets are installed for the same objectives.
[Prior Art]
The principal tunnel construction method in Japan at present is the NATM
method. The NATM construction method is a method in which primary coating is performed by means of spray mortar or spray concrete immediately after excavation of the tunnel to prevent falling of rock and water leakage in the excavation region, after which a secondary coating concrete is applied to stabilize the tunnel by maintaining tunnel strength. At this time, a waterproofing sheet is installed for the purpose of waterproofing and insulation between the primary coating concrete and the secondary coating concrete so that leakage of water into the tunnel can be prevented and so that cracks due to binding of the secondary coating concrete to earth mounds or movement of earth mounds can be prevented. Most recently, tunnel excavation has been performed by tunnel boring machines (TBM construction method) and waterproofing sheets are installed for the same objectives.
[0003]
Further, because the width of the sheet is narrow, being 1 to 2 m, there are the problems that it takes great effort and trouble and it is uneconomical when the ends of the waterproofing sheets are overlaid on each other and joined by welding. 1
Further, because the width of the sheet is narrow, being 1 to 2 m, there are the problems that it takes great effort and trouble and it is uneconomical when the ends of the waterproofing sheets are overlaid on each other and joined by welding. 1
[0004]
There is the further problem that water infiltrates between the waterproofing sheets and the secondary coating concrete due to damage of the waterproofing sheet functionally by poorly welded components and by irregularities in the excavation surface so that waterproofing capacity is not obtained.
There is the further problem that water infiltrates between the waterproofing sheets and the secondary coating concrete due to damage of the waterproofing sheet functionally by poorly welded components and by irregularities in the excavation surface so that waterproofing capacity is not obtained.
[0005]
[Problems to Solve]
When the thickness of the waterproofing sheets is increased in order to prevent damage to the waterproofing sheets, there are the problems that welding of the ends of the waterproofing sheets becomes difficult and that the mass of the waterproofing sheets is increased; with the result that actual execution' characteristics become even poorer.
[Problems to Solve]
When the thickness of the waterproofing sheets is increased in order to prevent damage to the waterproofing sheets, there are the problems that welding of the ends of the waterproofing sheets becomes difficult and that the mass of the waterproofing sheets is increased; with the result that actual execution' characteristics become even poorer.
[0006]
The inventors conducted various studies of the aforementioned problems.
As a result, they discovered a tunnel waterproofing construction method whereby a waterproofing sheet that is adhesive to the secondary coating cement concrete is installed on the primary spray cement concrete surface before installing the secondary coating cement concrete, and, in which, by making it into a single entity with the secondary coating cement concrete, infiltration of water between the waterproofing sheet and the secondary coating concrete because of poor weld sites and damage of the ends of the waterproofing sheets is prevented, leakage of water is prevented even when cracks are generated in the secondary coating cement concrete and waterproofing capacity can be greatly increased.
The inventors conducted various studies of the aforementioned problems.
As a result, they discovered a tunnel waterproofing construction method whereby a waterproofing sheet that is adhesive to the secondary coating cement concrete is installed on the primary spray cement concrete surface before installing the secondary coating cement concrete, and, in which, by making it into a single entity with the secondary coating cement concrete, infiltration of water between the waterproofing sheet and the secondary coating concrete because of poor weld sites and damage of the ends of the waterproofing sheets is prevented, leakage of water is prevented even when cracks are generated in the secondary coating cement concrete and waterproofing capacity can be greatly increased.
[0007]
Specifically, one embodiment of this invention is a tunnel waterproofing method wherein a primary spray cement concrete is sprayed on the excavation surface of the tunnel, after which a secondary coating cement concrete and a waterproofing sheet having adhesiveness are installed on said primary spray cement concrete surface such that the secondary coating cement concrete is established on said waterproofing sheet surface, a tunnel waterproofing method wherein a primary spray cement concrete is sprayed on the excavation surface of the tunnel, after which a buffer-water conducting layer is established in said primary spray cement concrete surface, a secondary coating cement concrete and a waterproofing sheet having adhesiveness are installed on said secondary coating cement concrete such that the secondary coating cement concrete is established on said waterproofing sheet surface; and a tunnel waterproofing method wherein the waterproofing sheet is a multilayer waterproofing sheet that has a layer that has adhesiveness with the installed secondary coating cement concrete.
[0007a]
According to one particular aspect of the invention, there is provided a tunnel waterproofing method comprising: spraying a primary layer of cement concrete on the excavation surface of the tunnel; establishing on said primary cement concrete layer a buffer-water conducting layer by affixing a non-woven fabric, a fibrous material, or plates of irregular shapes; establishing on said buffer-water conducting layer a waterproofing sheet, comprising a plastic or rubber sheet and an adhesive layer operative to adhere with a secondary coating cement concrete applied on said waterproofing sheet; and establishing onto said waterproofing sheet a secondary coating of cement concrete on said adhesive layer of said waterproofing sheet, thereby achieving waterproofing of the tunnel.
Specifically, one embodiment of this invention is a tunnel waterproofing method wherein a primary spray cement concrete is sprayed on the excavation surface of the tunnel, after which a secondary coating cement concrete and a waterproofing sheet having adhesiveness are installed on said primary spray cement concrete surface such that the secondary coating cement concrete is established on said waterproofing sheet surface, a tunnel waterproofing method wherein a primary spray cement concrete is sprayed on the excavation surface of the tunnel, after which a buffer-water conducting layer is established in said primary spray cement concrete surface, a secondary coating cement concrete and a waterproofing sheet having adhesiveness are installed on said secondary coating cement concrete such that the secondary coating cement concrete is established on said waterproofing sheet surface; and a tunnel waterproofing method wherein the waterproofing sheet is a multilayer waterproofing sheet that has a layer that has adhesiveness with the installed secondary coating cement concrete.
[0007a]
According to one particular aspect of the invention, there is provided a tunnel waterproofing method comprising: spraying a primary layer of cement concrete on the excavation surface of the tunnel; establishing on said primary cement concrete layer a buffer-water conducting layer by affixing a non-woven fabric, a fibrous material, or plates of irregular shapes; establishing on said buffer-water conducting layer a waterproofing sheet, comprising a plastic or rubber sheet and an adhesive layer operative to adhere with a secondary coating cement concrete applied on said waterproofing sheet; and establishing onto said waterproofing sheet a secondary coating of cement concrete on said adhesive layer of said waterproofing sheet, thereby achieving waterproofing of the tunnel.
[0008]
[Mode of Execution of an Embodiment of the Invention]
We shall now describe an illustrative embodiment of this invention in detail.
[Mode of Execution of an Embodiment of the Invention]
We shall now describe an illustrative embodiment of this invention in detail.
[0009]
3a This invention is a construction method in which the waterproofing sheet and the tunnel are made into a single entity by spraying, preferably, a fast-drying cement concrete onto the excavated tunnel surface, after which a waterproofing sheet that is adhesive with the secondary coating cement concrete is installed.
This waterproofing sheet allows for follow-up of cracking of cement concrete due to drying and contraction of the secondary coating cement concrete and of earth mounds after completion. By making the cement concrete and the waterproofing sheet into a single entity, contact with water occurs only in sites that are damaged even if damage to the waterproofing sheets occurs. For this reason, leakage of water does not occur as long as cracks do not develop in the secondary coating concrete in the region of the sheet damage. Therefore, water leakage is greatly decreased and excellent waterproofing capacity is obtained.
Further, water leakage does not occur as with conventional waterproofing sheets as a result of water infiltrating between the waterproofing sheet and the secondary coating cement concrete, of impairment of the waterproofing capacity of the tunnel as a whole, and of cracks in the secondary coating cement concrete. Moreover, because a waterproofing sheet that is made into a single entity with the secondary coating cement concrete prevents water leakage with good follow-up capacity and without damage occurring even when cracks are generated in the tunnel itself, waterproofing capacity is increased to a great extent by comparison to conventional waterproofing construction methods.
3a This invention is a construction method in which the waterproofing sheet and the tunnel are made into a single entity by spraying, preferably, a fast-drying cement concrete onto the excavated tunnel surface, after which a waterproofing sheet that is adhesive with the secondary coating cement concrete is installed.
This waterproofing sheet allows for follow-up of cracking of cement concrete due to drying and contraction of the secondary coating cement concrete and of earth mounds after completion. By making the cement concrete and the waterproofing sheet into a single entity, contact with water occurs only in sites that are damaged even if damage to the waterproofing sheets occurs. For this reason, leakage of water does not occur as long as cracks do not develop in the secondary coating concrete in the region of the sheet damage. Therefore, water leakage is greatly decreased and excellent waterproofing capacity is obtained.
Further, water leakage does not occur as with conventional waterproofing sheets as a result of water infiltrating between the waterproofing sheet and the secondary coating cement concrete, of impairment of the waterproofing capacity of the tunnel as a whole, and of cracks in the secondary coating cement concrete. Moreover, because a waterproofing sheet that is made into a single entity with the secondary coating cement concrete prevents water leakage with good follow-up capacity and without damage occurring even when cracks are generated in the tunnel itself, waterproofing capacity is increased to a great extent by comparison to conventional waterproofing construction methods.
[0010]
Examples of waterproofing sheets that are adhesive with secondary coating cement concrete include uncrosslinked rubber sheets such as isoprene rubber and natural rubber.
Examples of waterproofing sheets that are adhesive with secondary coating cement concrete include uncrosslinked rubber sheets such as isoprene rubber and natural rubber.
[0011]
The waterproofing sheet that is adhesive with the secondary coating cement concrete may also contain antioxidants, ultraviolet radiation absorbents and tackiness-decreasing agents.
The waterproofing sheet that is adhesive with the secondary coating cement concrete may also contain antioxidants, ultraviolet radiation absorbents and tackiness-decreasing agents.
[0012]
In this invention, it is desirable to laminate the layer having adhesiveness with the secondary cement concrete with a polymeric sheet from the standpoint of increasing the insulation effect with the secondary coating cement concrete if it has been bound with the earth mound. When a layer that is adhesive with the secondary coating cement concrete and a multilayer waterproofing sheet that is laminated with a polymeric sheet are used, they are installed so that the primary spray cement concrete surface side and the polymeric sheet are in contact and the secondary coating cement concrete is installed on the waterproofing sheet surface side that is adhesive with the secondary coating cement concrete.
In this invention, it is desirable to laminate the layer having adhesiveness with the secondary cement concrete with a polymeric sheet from the standpoint of increasing the insulation effect with the secondary coating cement concrete if it has been bound with the earth mound. When a layer that is adhesive with the secondary coating cement concrete and a multilayer waterproofing sheet that is laminated with a polymeric sheet are used, they are installed so that the primary spray cement concrete surface side and the polymeric sheet are in contact and the secondary coating cement concrete is installed on the waterproofing sheet surface side that is adhesive with the secondary coating cement concrete.
[0013]
Examples of the material of the polymeric sheet can include high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, copolymers of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and polypropylene. Of these, high-density polypropylene is preferable from the standpoint of insulation effect, strength, crack follow-up capacity and price.
Examples of the material of the polymeric sheet can include high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, copolymers of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and polypropylene. Of these, high-density polypropylene is preferable from the standpoint of insulation effect, strength, crack follow-up capacity and price.
[0014]
In this invention, a buffer-water conducting layer may be established before installing the waterproofing sheet that is adhesive with the secondary coating cement concrete for the purpose of increasing the insulation effect, decreasing water pressure in sites in which there is a great deal of groundwater and increasing the waterp~roofing effect. Examples of buffer-waterproofing layers can include layers that are formed by spraying a fibrous substance such as pulp nonwoven fabrics of fibers such as polyester fibers and polypropylene and plates or irregular shapes.
In this invention, a buffer-water conducting layer may be established before installing the waterproofing sheet that is adhesive with the secondary coating cement concrete for the purpose of increasing the insulation effect, decreasing water pressure in sites in which there is a great deal of groundwater and increasing the waterp~roofing effect. Examples of buffer-waterproofing layers can include layers that are formed by spraying a fibrous substance such as pulp nonwoven fabrics of fibers such as polyester fibers and polypropylene and plates or irregular shapes.
[0015]
The waterproofing construction method can be used in the bedding portion of the tunnel and dispiays great effectiveness in preventing water leakage from the bedding component.
The waterproofing construction method can be used in the bedding portion of the tunnel and dispiays great effectiveness in preventing water leakage from the bedding component.
[0016]
There are no particular limitations on the method of affixing the waterproofing sheet, nonwoven fabric and plates of irregular shape to the primary spray cement concrete surface and adhesive agents and rivets may be used.
There are no particular limitations on the method of affixing the waterproofing sheet, nonwoven fabric and plates of irregular shape to the primary spray cement concrete surface and adhesive agents and rivets may be used.
[0017]
After the waterproofing sheet that is adhesive to the secondary coating cement concrete has been installed in this way, the secondary coating cement concrete is applied and construction is completed.
After the waterproofing sheet that is adhesive to the secondary coating cement concrete has been installed in this way, the secondary coating cement concrete is applied and construction is completed.
[0018]
[Examples]
We shall now describe this invention in detail on the basis of examples.
[Examples]
We shall now describe this invention in detail on the basis of examples.
[0019]
Example I
A U-shaped simulation tunnel having openings of 4 m, a height of 3.5 m and a length of 3 m was made. Irregularities of the tunnel earth mourid surface were presumed in the simulation tunnel and fifteen concrete blocks of 15 cm in width, 20 cm in height and 20 cm in length were installed at suitable intervals to form an irregular surface.
Fast-drying mortar was used as the primary spray mortar and was sprayed so that the fast-drying mortar was 10 cm in thickness.
After spraying, a multilayer waterproofing sheet having adhesiveness to the secondary coating concrete (brand name, "Preprufe 300;" manufactured by the Grace Construction Products Company of the United States; a two-layer sheet comprised of two layers, a layer having adhesiveness to concrete and a polyethylene layer; 2.7 mm in thickness) was affixed by riveting to the primary spray mortar surface. Following that, the secondary coating concrete was applied to a thickness of 30 cm. To simulate damage to the multilayer waterproofing sheet, cuts were made in a part of it.
Example I
A U-shaped simulation tunnel having openings of 4 m, a height of 3.5 m and a length of 3 m was made. Irregularities of the tunnel earth mourid surface were presumed in the simulation tunnel and fifteen concrete blocks of 15 cm in width, 20 cm in height and 20 cm in length were installed at suitable intervals to form an irregular surface.
Fast-drying mortar was used as the primary spray mortar and was sprayed so that the fast-drying mortar was 10 cm in thickness.
After spraying, a multilayer waterproofing sheet having adhesiveness to the secondary coating concrete (brand name, "Preprufe 300;" manufactured by the Grace Construction Products Company of the United States; a two-layer sheet comprised of two layers, a layer having adhesiveness to concrete and a polyethylene layer; 2.7 mm in thickness) was affixed by riveting to the primary spray mortar surface. Following that, the secondary coating concrete was applied to a thickness of 30 cm. To simulate damage to the multilayer waterproofing sheet, cuts were made in a part of it.
[0020]
Twenty-eight days after the secondary coating concrete was established, a test sample was cut out by boring and adhesiveness with the concrete was checked. The secondary coating concrete and the waterproofing sheet were in good contact and were a single entity. The peeling strength of the secondary coating concrete and the waterproofing sheet was greater than 0.9 N/mm.
A single entity with the secondary coating concrete was also well maintained in the region of the cut, with the cut in the concrete being in a linear pattern of less than 2 mm. A static water pressure of 60 m was applied in the' gap between the primary spray concrete and the multilayer waterproofing sheet.
However, water did not enter into the gap between the multilayer waterproofing sheet and the secondary coating concrete, with good waterproofing capacity being shown.
Because the multilayer waterproofing sheet that was used had adhesiveness, the multilayer waterproofing sheets could be adhered to each other satisfactorily simpiy by superimposing the ends of the multilayer waterproofing sheets on each other. For this reason, execution capacity was extremely good and an excellent value of 1.7 N/mm was obtained for adhesive strength of the superimposed parts.
To simulate cracks in the tunnel, stress was applied to the secondary coating concrete and cracks were made. No abnormalities were seen in the multilayer waterproofing sheet.
Twenty-eight days after the secondary coating concrete was established, a test sample was cut out by boring and adhesiveness with the concrete was checked. The secondary coating concrete and the waterproofing sheet were in good contact and were a single entity. The peeling strength of the secondary coating concrete and the waterproofing sheet was greater than 0.9 N/mm.
A single entity with the secondary coating concrete was also well maintained in the region of the cut, with the cut in the concrete being in a linear pattern of less than 2 mm. A static water pressure of 60 m was applied in the' gap between the primary spray concrete and the multilayer waterproofing sheet.
However, water did not enter into the gap between the multilayer waterproofing sheet and the secondary coating concrete, with good waterproofing capacity being shown.
Because the multilayer waterproofing sheet that was used had adhesiveness, the multilayer waterproofing sheets could be adhered to each other satisfactorily simpiy by superimposing the ends of the multilayer waterproofing sheets on each other. For this reason, execution capacity was extremely good and an excellent value of 1.7 N/mm was obtained for adhesive strength of the superimposed parts.
To simulate cracks in the tunnel, stress was applied to the secondary coating concrete and cracks were made. No abnormalities were seen in the multilayer waterproofing sheet.
[0021]
The test methods for the various physical properties were as follows.
Adhesive strength with the concrete: In accordance with ASTM D 903 (90 degree peeling strength). Adhesive strength of superimposed portions: In accordance with ASTM D 1876 (Determinations in the case in which multilayer waterproofing sheets are superimposed).
The test methods for the various physical properties were as follows.
Adhesive strength with the concrete: In accordance with ASTM D 903 (90 degree peeling strength). Adhesive strength of superimposed portions: In accordance with ASTM D 1876 (Determinations in the case in which multilayer waterproofing sheets are superimposed).
[0022]
Example 2 The same procedure was carried out as in Example 1 except that the multilayer waterproofing sheet having adhesiveness with the secondary coating concrete that was used was a product of the brand name "Santacke`e Sheet"
(isoprene rubber waterproofing sheet, a nonwoven fabric lined product, manufactured by Hayakawa Rubber).
Example 2 The same procedure was carried out as in Example 1 except that the multilayer waterproofing sheet having adhesiveness with the secondary coating concrete that was used was a product of the brand name "Santacke`e Sheet"
(isoprene rubber waterproofing sheet, a nonwoven fabric lined product, manufactured by Hayakawa Rubber).
[0023]
Twenty-eight days after the secondary coating concrete was established, a test sample was cut out by boring and adhesiveness with the concrete was checked. The secondary coating concrete and the waterproofing sheet were in good contact and were a single entity.
However, it was more difficult to join the ends of the multilayer waterproofing sheets than in Example I and workability was also somewhat difficult.
Twenty-eight days after the secondary coating concrete was established, a test sample was cut out by boring and adhesiveness with the concrete was checked. The secondary coating concrete and the waterproofing sheet were in good contact and were a single entity.
However, it was more difficult to join the ends of the multilayer waterproofing sheets than in Example I and workability was also somewhat difficult.
[0024]
Comparative Example 1 The same procedure was carried out as in Example 1 except that a waterproofing sheet made of EVA (which did not have adhesiveness with the ' Phonetic spelling-Trans. note.
secondary coating concrete) was used instead of a multilayer waterproofing sheet having adhesiveness with the secondary coating concrete.
Comparative Example 1 The same procedure was carried out as in Example 1 except that a waterproofing sheet made of EVA (which did not have adhesiveness with the ' Phonetic spelling-Trans. note.
secondary coating concrete) was used instead of a multilayer waterproofing sheet having adhesiveness with the secondary coating concrete.
[0025]
When pressure corresponding to 30 m of static water pressure was applied between the primary spray mortar and waterproofing sheet, it was found from the cracks in which damage was presumed that a large quantity of water entered into the gap between the waterproofing sheet and the secondary coating concrete and that properties of a waterproofing sheet were not obtained.
When pressure corresponding to 30 m of static water pressure was applied between the primary spray mortar and waterproofing sheet, it was found from the cracks in which damage was presumed that a large quantity of water entered into the gap between the waterproofing sheet and the secondary coating concrete and that properties of a waterproofing sheet were not obtained.
[0026]
[Effect of the Invention]
By making the secondary coating cement concrete and the waterproofing sheets into a single entity using the waterproofing sheets of this invention having adhesiveness with the secondary coating cement concrete, water does not infiltrate between the gap between the waterproofing sheets and the secondary coating concrete and excellent waterproofing capacity can be assured even if a part of the waterproofing sheets is damaged.
Further, the crack follow-up of the waterproofing sheets of this invention is good, the waterproofing sheets are not damaged and excellent waterproofing capacity can be assured even if cracks develop in the secondary coating cement concrete. Even if by any chance the crack width is large and damage of the waterproofing sheet occurs, because the other portions of the waterproofing sheet are a single entity with the secondary coating cement, water does not infiltrate into the gap between the waterproofing sheets and the secondary coating concrete; therefore, the industrial benefits are extremely great.
[Effect of the Invention]
By making the secondary coating cement concrete and the waterproofing sheets into a single entity using the waterproofing sheets of this invention having adhesiveness with the secondary coating cement concrete, water does not infiltrate between the gap between the waterproofing sheets and the secondary coating concrete and excellent waterproofing capacity can be assured even if a part of the waterproofing sheets is damaged.
Further, the crack follow-up of the waterproofing sheets of this invention is good, the waterproofing sheets are not damaged and excellent waterproofing capacity can be assured even if cracks develop in the secondary coating cement concrete. Even if by any chance the crack width is large and damage of the waterproofing sheet occurs, because the other portions of the waterproofing sheet are a single entity with the secondary coating cement, water does not infiltrate into the gap between the waterproofing sheets and the secondary coating concrete; therefore, the industrial benefits are extremely great.
Claims (11)
1. A tunnel waterproofing method comprising:
spraying a primary layer of cement concrete on the excavation surface of the tunnel;
establishing on said primary cement concrete layer a buffer-water conducting layer by affixing a non-woven fabric, a fibrous material, or plates of irregular shapes;
establishing on said buffer-water conducting layer a waterproofing sheet, comprising a plastic or rubber sheet and an adhesive layer operative to adhere with a secondary coating cement concrete applied on said waterproofing sheet;
and establishing onto said waterproofing sheet a secondary coating of cement concrete on said adhesive layer of said waterproofing sheet, thereby achieving waterproofing of the tunnel.
spraying a primary layer of cement concrete on the excavation surface of the tunnel;
establishing on said primary cement concrete layer a buffer-water conducting layer by affixing a non-woven fabric, a fibrous material, or plates of irregular shapes;
establishing on said buffer-water conducting layer a waterproofing sheet, comprising a plastic or rubber sheet and an adhesive layer operative to adhere with a secondary coating cement concrete applied on said waterproofing sheet;
and establishing onto said waterproofing sheet a secondary coating of cement concrete on said adhesive layer of said waterproofing sheet, thereby achieving waterproofing of the tunnel.
2. The tunnel waterproofing method as described in claim 1, wherein said waterproofing sheet has a polymeric sheet comprising high-density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, copolymers of ethylene vinyl acetate, polypropylene, or mixture thereof.
3. The tunnel waterproofing method of claim 2, wherein said polymeric sheet is polyethylene.
4. The tunnel waterproofing method of claim 1, wherein said sheet comprises an uncrosslinked rubber.
5. The tunnel waterproofing method of claim 4, wherein said uncrosslinked rubber comprises isoprene rubber, natural rubber, or mixture thereof.
6. The tunnel waterproofing method of claim 1, wherein said waterproofing membrane is formed by superimposing ends of waterproofing sheets on each other.
7. The tunnel waterproofing method of claim 1, wherein said establishing of a buffer-water conducting layer is formed by spraying a fibrous substance.
8. The tunnel waterproofing method of claim 1, wherein said establishing of a buffer-water conducting layer comprises spraying fibres comprising polyester, polypropylene, or mixture thereof.
9. The tunnel waterproofing method of claim 1, wherein said establishing of a buffer-water conducting layer comprises affixing plates of irregular shapes.
10. The tunnel waterproofing method of claim 1, wherein said establishing of a buffer-water conducting layer comprises affixing a non-woven fabric using an adhesive or rivets.
11. The tunnel waterproofing method of claim 1, wherein said tunnel is a U-shaped tunnel.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000-175769 | 2000-06-12 | ||
| JP2000175769A JP2001355398A (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2000-06-12 | Tunnel waterproof method |
| PCT/US2001/018239 WO2001096709A1 (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2001-06-05 | A tunnel waterproofing method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2411273A1 CA2411273A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
| CA2411273C true CA2411273C (en) | 2009-02-03 |
Family
ID=18677597
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002411273A Expired - Lifetime CA2411273C (en) | 2000-06-12 | 2001-06-05 | A tunnel waterproofing method |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1290312B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001355398A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100783985B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1328475C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE336641T1 (en) |
| AU (2) | AU2001268196B8 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2411273C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE60122322T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2269425T3 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1050560A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001096709A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100516464C (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2009-07-22 | 四川省交通厅公路规划勘察设计研究院 | Tunnel support structure |
| CN101614129B (en) * | 2009-08-10 | 2011-07-27 | 招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司 | Construction method of tunnel waterproof and water drainage system |
| DE102014112159A1 (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2016-03-03 | Köster Bauchemie AG | Process for producing water-sealed surfaces from cement-based materials |
| CN113309109B (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2022-07-15 | 广西壮族自治区地质环境监测站 | Construction method for quickly blocking water and reinforcing near pit wall of deep foundation pit in loose soil layer |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE712437A (en) * | 1967-03-22 | 1968-07-31 | ||
| AT318862B (en) * | 1971-05-28 | 1974-11-25 | Sika Ag | Method for sealing the walls of engineering structures made of concrete |
| DE2819230A1 (en) * | 1978-05-02 | 1979-11-08 | Kalk Chemische Fabrik Gmbh | PROCEDURE FOR FILLING IN CAVITIES BETWEEN MOUNTAINS AND EXTENSION WHEN DRIVING ROADS IN MINING OPERATIONS |
| US4415751A (en) * | 1981-03-27 | 1983-11-15 | Eli Lilly And Company | Process for preparing phenylalkanoic acids |
| FI823889A0 (en) * | 1981-11-25 | 1982-11-12 | Mc Bauchemie Myller Gmbh & Co | FOERFARANDE FOER TAETNING OCH STABILISERING AV BYGGNADER OCH BYGGNADSDELAR SAMT MATERIAL FOER GENOMFOERANDE AV DETTA |
| FI69503C (en) * | 1984-03-13 | 1986-02-10 | Neste Oy | YTBELAGD BERGSBEHAOLLARE ELLER TUNNEL |
| ES8507218A1 (en) * | 1984-11-16 | 1985-08-16 | Gordun Burillo Fernando | Method of waterproofing surfaces such as tunnels, canals and mines. |
| DE3519319A1 (en) * | 1985-05-30 | 1986-12-04 | Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Ag, 7000 Stuttgart | VARIABLE VALVE CONTROL FOR A PISTON PISTON COMBUSTION ENGINE |
| JPS6228478A (en) * | 1985-07-25 | 1987-02-06 | Mitsuboshi Belting Ltd | Water-proofing sheet having pressure-sensitive adhesive layer |
| CN1017366B (en) * | 1988-12-05 | 1992-07-08 | 铁道部山海关桥梁工厂 | Construction technology of preventing and controlling seepage in buildings |
| JPH03180699A (en) * | 1989-12-11 | 1991-08-06 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Spring water processing material |
| CH688135A5 (en) * | 1994-12-05 | 1997-05-30 | Pierre Andre Follonier | Sealing for concrete works |
| GB2302153B (en) * | 1995-06-12 | 1999-10-20 | Wrc Plc | Pipeline renovation |
| GB2308848A (en) * | 1996-01-04 | 1997-07-09 | Grace W R & Co | Waterproofing materials |
| EP0725185A1 (en) * | 1996-01-08 | 1996-08-07 | Roland F. Wolfseher | Lining tunnels and method for its attachment |
| CN1154436A (en) * | 1996-01-12 | 1997-07-16 | 北京市地下铁道建设公司 | Method for making water-proof layer in tunnel |
| GB9625163D0 (en) * | 1996-12-04 | 1997-01-22 | Sandoz Ltd | Organic compounds |
| ATE253172T1 (en) * | 1997-08-15 | 2003-11-15 | Koester Bauchemie Gmbh | METHOD FOR SEALING UNDERGROUND CAVITIES AGAINST WATER ENTRY |
| GB9815685D0 (en) * | 1998-07-20 | 1998-09-16 | Mbt Holding Ag | Waterproofer |
| CN2372127Y (en) * | 1999-06-28 | 2000-04-05 | 周海东 | Tunnel sticking cloth rubber gas isolating board |
-
2000
- 2000-06-12 JP JP2000175769A patent/JP2001355398A/en active Pending
-
2001
- 2001-06-05 AU AU2001268196A patent/AU2001268196B8/en not_active Expired
- 2001-06-05 EP EP01946109A patent/EP1290312B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-05 KR KR1020027016943A patent/KR100783985B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-06-05 DE DE60122322T patent/DE60122322T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-05 AU AU6819601A patent/AU6819601A/en active Pending
- 2001-06-05 CN CNB018140092A patent/CN1328475C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-05 ES ES01946109T patent/ES2269425T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-05 WO PCT/US2001/018239 patent/WO2001096709A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-06-05 CA CA002411273A patent/CA2411273C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-05 AT AT01946109T patent/ATE336641T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-04-16 HK HK03102752A patent/HK1050560A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20030014710A (en) | 2003-02-19 |
| EP1290312A4 (en) | 2005-05-04 |
| CA2411273A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
| WO2001096709A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
| DE60122322T2 (en) | 2007-09-13 |
| AU6819601A (en) | 2001-12-24 |
| DE60122322D1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
| EP1290312A1 (en) | 2003-03-12 |
| ATE336641T1 (en) | 2006-09-15 |
| AU2001268196B8 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
| JP2001355398A (en) | 2001-12-26 |
| ES2269425T3 (en) | 2007-04-01 |
| EP1290312B1 (en) | 2006-08-16 |
| HK1050560A1 (en) | 2003-06-27 |
| AU2001268196B2 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
| CN1328475C (en) | 2007-07-25 |
| KR100783985B1 (en) | 2007-12-11 |
| CN1524159A (en) | 2004-08-25 |
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