EP1277024A1 - Elektronische selbstzerlegereinrichtung - Google Patents
Elektronische selbstzerlegereinrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP1277024A1 EP1277024A1 EP01936123A EP01936123A EP1277024A1 EP 1277024 A1 EP1277024 A1 EP 1277024A1 EP 01936123 A EP01936123 A EP 01936123A EP 01936123 A EP01936123 A EP 01936123A EP 1277024 A1 EP1277024 A1 EP 1277024A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- self
- voltage
- time
- capacitors
- comparator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
- F42C15/44—Arrangements for disarming, or for rendering harmless, fuzes after arming, e.g. after launch
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C11/00—Electric fuzes
- F42C11/02—Electric fuzes with piezo-crystal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C11/00—Electric fuzes
- F42C11/06—Electric fuzes with time delay by electric circuitry
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
- F42C9/14—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes
- F42C9/16—Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes for self-destruction of ammunition
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for an electronic self-dismantling device in a projectile detonator without using a battery installed in the detonator.
- a self-dismantling function is also often required, which ignites the explosive even after the primary ignition criteria have not responded after a maximum operating time.
- This function which is connected in parallel with the other ignition criteria, is intended to limit the danger area of the ammunition in the firing direction and / or to minimize the occurrence of duds. This makes missions in previously fought areas safer due to the lower risk of unexploded ordnance.
- this function also allows an enclosed enemy to be fired on without jeopardizing their own troops or civilian facilities beyond an acceptable level.
- the problem of such an energy supply lies in the use of the electronics for realizing the time function as precisely as possible, although the supply voltage changes very strongly since the energy supply capacitors are only charged by firing, but are then continuously discharged by the current to be supplied.
- the time function is to be implemented with RC elements for reasons of cost and reliability instead of using mechanical oscillators, such as quartz crystals or resonators, which can be damaged during firing.
- mechanical oscillators such as quartz crystals or resonators
- a second solution would be to use the output voltage of the piezo element to implement the time function, so that a capacitor C is charged to the voltage U 0 and discharged via a resistor R in order to use a comparator to detect that the voltage drops below a certain level U s that after time
- t s -RC ln (U s / U 0 ) (1) occurs.
- the comparator output changes its state after this time. This change is used to ignite a downstream ignition thyristor, which discharges an ignition capacitor, which is likewise charged separately by the piezo element, into an electrical ignition means.
- a circuit should therefore be provided which, on the one hand, is as simple as possible and therefore as energy-saving, inexpensive and reliable (because of the reduced number of components) and, on the other hand, allows the time function to be implemented with RC elements independently of a fluctuating supply voltage level.
- the capacitors C0 to C4 are charged via a piezo element P, a series resistor R0, a Zener diode Z (for voltage limitation) and the diodes DO to D3.
- the charged capacitor C0 then, delayed by the resistor R4 and the second storage capacitor C3, the
- the comparator K is a commercially available integrated module with extremely low current consumption ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ A), very small input currents ( ⁇ 1 pA) and a common mode range that extends to the operating voltage limits.
- the delayed provision of the operating voltage is intended to prevent a malfunction during the pipe passage phase and the delayed charged capacitor C3 supplies the energy for triggering the thyristor Th at the time of the ignition.
- the ignition capacitor C4 is charged via the diode D3 and remains at a sufficient voltage level until the thyristor is ignited.
- the two capacitors C1 and C2 are charged to the same voltage U 0 by the piezo element via the two high-blocking diodes D1 and D2.
- the capacitor C1 is connected to the plus input of the comparator K via a voltage divider R1 and R2.
- the capacitor C2 is connected directly to the minus input of the comparator and is discharged via the resistor R3 after the firing.
- the comparator K is also coupled via the resistor R5, so it has a hysteresis. After firing, there is a higher positive voltage at the minus input of the comparator K because of the voltage divider Rl and R2 than at the plus input. The output of the comparator is therefore at zero potential at this point in time.
- R5 R2 R5 / (R2 + R5) unloaded.
- the potential at C2 falls below the potential of Cl at the positive input of the comparator K, which changes more slowly and is reduced by the factor R2 * / R e . Then the comparator switches its output voltage to positive potential and thus ignites the ignition thyristor Th the current limiting resistor R6 and the voltage divider R7 and R8.
- the capacitor C5 is used to suppress interference and is irrelevant to the operating principle.
- the energy stored in the ignition capacitor C4 is switched through to the electrical ignition means EZ and is thus triggered.
- the thyristor Th can also be ignited by other circuit parts not shown here via the main ignition criteria
- a modified field of application of the circuit opens up if the charging of the capacitors C0 to C4 instead of a piezo element when firing is carried out by a voltage in a warhead, which is either permanently present or controlled shortly before the emission of submunition, by a warhead electronics.
- the circuit then serves for the time-controlled triggering of a self-dismantling of the ejected submunition. As long as on-board voltage is present, neither Cl nor C2 discharges and nothing happens at the comparator output discharge itself and initiate the ignition process as described
- a shock generator can also be used.
- the piezo element P would then have to be replaced by a shock generator, not shown
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
- Gyroscopes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10020037 | 2000-04-22 | ||
| DE10020037A DE10020037C1 (de) | 2000-04-22 | 2000-04-22 | Elektronische Selbstzerlegereinrichtung |
| PCT/EP2001/003263 WO2001081855A1 (de) | 2000-04-22 | 2001-03-22 | Elektronische selbstzerlegereinrichtung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1277024A1 true EP1277024A1 (de) | 2003-01-22 |
| EP1277024B1 EP1277024B1 (de) | 2007-06-27 |
Family
ID=7639750
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01936123A Expired - Lifetime EP1277024B1 (de) | 2000-04-22 | 2001-03-22 | Elektronische selbstzerlegereinrichtung |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6865989B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1277024B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE365902T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU6212501A (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10020037C1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001081855A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11449011B2 (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2022-09-20 | Rolex Sa | Optical device for a timepiece |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7752952B1 (en) * | 2005-03-22 | 2010-07-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Dynamic barrier system |
| DE102005030263B3 (de) | 2005-06-29 | 2006-11-30 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Sicherheitssystem für tempierbare Munition mit Selbstzerlegung |
| US10581347B2 (en) * | 2007-07-10 | 2020-03-03 | Omnitek Partners Llc | Manually operated piezoelectric energy harvesting electronic circuitry |
| US9910060B2 (en) * | 2007-07-10 | 2018-03-06 | Omnitek Partners Llc | Piezoelectric-based multiple impact sensors and their electronic circuitry |
| US10447179B2 (en) * | 2007-07-10 | 2019-10-15 | Omnitek Partners Llc | Inertially operated piezoelectric energy harvesting electronic circuitry |
| US8281719B2 (en) * | 2008-06-10 | 2012-10-09 | Omnitek Partners LLC. | Integrated power source and safety mechanisms for submunitions self-destruct fuze and the like |
| US10598473B2 (en) * | 2008-06-29 | 2020-03-24 | Omnitek Partners Llc | Inertially operated piezoelectric energy harvesting electronic circuitry |
| US11248893B2 (en) * | 2008-06-29 | 2022-02-15 | Omnitek Partners Llc | Inertially operated piezoelectric energy harvesting electronic circuitry |
| US8813648B2 (en) | 2008-11-05 | 2014-08-26 | Saab Ab | Ignition and delay circuit |
| SG184603A1 (en) * | 2011-04-02 | 2012-10-30 | Advanced Material Engineering Pte Ltd | Electro-mechanical fuze for a projectile |
| RU2479822C1 (ru) * | 2011-11-07 | 2013-04-20 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Российский Федеральный ядерный центр - Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной физики" - ФГУП "РФЯЦ-ВНИИЭФ" | Электронное устройство самоликвидации боеприпаса |
| DE102015116985A1 (de) | 2015-10-06 | 2017-04-06 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Selbstverzehrendes Geschoss |
| US10097010B2 (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2018-10-09 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Control of freewheeling voltage |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2143119C3 (de) * | 1971-08-28 | 1979-03-22 | Diehl Fa | Elektrischer Geschoßzünder |
| DE2314273C3 (de) * | 1973-03-22 | 1981-05-21 | Diehl GmbH & Co, 8500 Nürnberg | Zündschaltung zur Selbstzerlegung eines Geschosses |
| CH608604A5 (de) * | 1977-09-16 | 1979-01-15 | Oerlikon Buehrle Ag | |
| US4712477A (en) | 1985-06-10 | 1987-12-15 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Electronic delay detonator |
| DE3800328C2 (de) * | 1988-01-08 | 1996-01-04 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | Projektil mit elektronischer Zünderschaltung |
| GB2227384B (en) | 1988-11-18 | 1992-05-27 | Graviner Ltd Kidde | Electrical timing arrangements and methods |
| US5269223A (en) | 1992-10-06 | 1993-12-14 | Ems-Patvag | Piezoelectric fuse system with safe and arm device for ammunition |
| DE4324486C1 (de) * | 1993-07-21 | 1995-01-19 | Siemens Ag | Anordnung zur Auswertung eines Hall-Sondensignals |
| DE19504870C2 (de) * | 1995-02-14 | 1997-01-23 | Siemens Ag | Sensoranordnung |
| US5942714A (en) * | 1997-12-31 | 1999-08-24 | Aai Corporation | Accurate ultra low power fuze electronics |
-
2000
- 2000-04-22 DE DE10020037A patent/DE10020037C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-03-22 WO PCT/EP2001/003263 patent/WO2001081855A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2001-03-22 EP EP01936123A patent/EP1277024B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-22 AU AU62125/01A patent/AU6212501A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-03-22 DE DE50112664T patent/DE50112664D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-22 AT AT01936123T patent/ATE365902T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-22 US US10/258,235 patent/US6865989B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0181855A1 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11449011B2 (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2022-09-20 | Rolex Sa | Optical device for a timepiece |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE365902T1 (de) | 2007-07-15 |
| US6865989B2 (en) | 2005-03-15 |
| US20030136290A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
| AU6212501A (en) | 2001-11-07 |
| DE50112664D1 (de) | 2007-08-09 |
| EP1277024B1 (de) | 2007-06-27 |
| WO2001081855A1 (de) | 2001-11-01 |
| DE10020037C1 (de) | 2001-08-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE10020037C1 (de) | Elektronische Selbstzerlegereinrichtung | |
| DE3317376C2 (de) | ||
| DE2945122C2 (de) | ||
| DE3336534C2 (de) | ||
| DE2838055C2 (de) | Elektrischer Zünder | |
| DE2143119C3 (de) | Elektrischer Geschoßzünder | |
| DE2653452C3 (de) | Elektronische Zündschaltung | |
| US4651646A (en) | In-line safing and arming apparatus | |
| DE69609406T2 (de) | Verfahren und patrone mit einem innenzeitgeber und mehreren ausgangsimpulsen | |
| US3088409A (en) | Electronic timer | |
| EP1166036B1 (de) | Elektronischer geschosszünder | |
| DE1948381A1 (de) | Zuender mit elektrisch zuendbarer Zuendpille | |
| DE2255479A1 (de) | Sicherungsvorrichtung an elektrischen geschosszuendern | |
| WO2001016551A1 (de) | Elektronischer geschoss-zeitzünder | |
| DE2259378C3 (de) | Schutzschaltung für elektrische Zunder | |
| DE2653517C3 (de) | Elektronische Zündschaltung | |
| DE1578447A1 (de) | Elektrischer zuender | |
| DE2113126C3 (de) | Elektrischer Geschoßzünder | |
| WO2000055570A1 (de) | Sicherungs- und verzögerungsschaltung für einen aufschlagzünder | |
| DE2524864A1 (de) | Einstellbare elektronische verzoegerungsanordnung fuer geschosse | |
| DE3942842A1 (de) | Elektronischer echtzeitverzoegerungssprengzuender | |
| DE2845236A1 (de) | Kapazitiver annaeherungszuender | |
| DE978019C (de) | Verfahren zur Auslösung des Zündsignals eines Zeitzünders | |
| DE978030C (de) | Anordnung zur Vermeidung gegnerischer Störungen eines Annäherungs- oder Abstandszünders | |
| DE3021976A1 (de) | Elektrische zuendschaltung |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20021004 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20050525 |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20050525 |
|
| GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
| GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 50112664 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20070809 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: TRGR |
|
| GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20070924 |
|
| NLV1 | Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act | ||
| ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FD4D |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20070627 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20071127 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20071008 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20070627 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20070627 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20070627 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20070928 |
|
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20080328 |
|
| BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: HONEYWELL A.G. Effective date: 20080331 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080331 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080331 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080331 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080331 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20070627 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20070627 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080322 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: 732E Free format text: REGISTERED BETWEEN 20100624 AND 20100630 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20080322 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20070627 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: CJ Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: TP |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 18 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20200323 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20200323 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20200319 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20200513 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R071 Ref document number: 50112664 Country of ref document: DE |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: PE20 Expiry date: 20210321 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20210321 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: EUG |