Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L8/00—Electric propulsion with power supply from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K16/00—Arrangements in connection with power supply of propulsion units in vehicles from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/02—Details
  • H01L31/0232—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device
  • H01L31/02322—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device comprising luminescent members, e.g. fluorescent sheets upon the device
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/02—Details
  • H01L31/0236—Special surface textures
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/02—Details
  • H01L31/0236—Special surface textures
  • H01L31/02363—Special surface textures of the semiconductor body itself, e.g. textured active layers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
  • H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
  • H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
  • H01L31/032—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only compounds not provided for in groups H01L31/0272 - H01L31/0312
  • H01L31/0322—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only compounds not provided for in groups H01L31/0272 - H01L31/0312 comprising only AIBIIICVI chalcopyrite compounds, e.g. Cu In Se2, Cu Ga Se2, Cu In Ga Se2
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
  • H01L31/056—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means the light-reflecting means being of the back surface reflector [BSR] type
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K16/00—Arrangements in connection with power supply of propulsion units in vehicles from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
  • B60K2016/003—Arrangements in connection with power supply of propulsion units in vehicles from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind solar power driven
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
  • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
  • Y02E10/541—CuInSe2 material PV cells
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
  • Y02T10/90—Energy harvesting concepts as power supply for auxiliaries' energy consumption, e.g. photovoltaic sun-roof

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for power generation and shading in motor vehicles, the genus defined in the preamble of claim 1.
• the device according to the invention for power generation and for shading in motor vehicles has the advantage over the prior art that, on the one hand, essential parts of the motor vehicle are shaded by solar cells and this heats up less, and on the other hand, at the same time Electricity is generated, which is fed into the vehicle electrical system or the battery. This is possible in particular when the vehicle is at a standstill, so that on the one hand electricity is generated in sunshine or daylight and on the other hand the heating of the vehicle is reduced. This may also reduce the performance of the air conditioning system for cooling the vehicle.
• solar cells are provided on suitable body parts of the vehicle as separate or integrated components and are connected to consumers or the battery of the vehicle for feeding in the electrical current generated.
• solar cells that are mirrored on the back or provided with an internal reflection layer are provided as solar cells.
• the solar cells which are mirrored on the back or provided with an internal reflection layer are designed as semiconductor, in particular silicon, semiconductor solar cells.
• thermo-ionic cells are described. - Neither article describes nor suggests the use and / or application of such cells in connection with power generation and shading in motor vehicles.
• the solar cells are built up on a carrier layer and that the carrier layer is firmly connected to a suitable body part, in particular the vehicle roof.
• the carrier layer of the solar cells can be rigid or flexible.
• thin-film solar cells are provided as solar cells, and these thin-film solar cells are integrally grown and manufactured on suitable carrier layers or directly on vehicle body parts, in particular on the vehicle roof.
• the thin-film solar cell is constructed as a CIS solar cell, where CIS stands for the elements copper, indium and selenium from which the photovoltaically active absorber layer is constructed.
• CIS stands for the elements copper, indium and selenium from which the photovoltaically active absorber layer is constructed.
• the thin-film solar cells are provided with a protective layer that is optically matched to the painting of the vehicle. This means that the solar cells are integrated into the design of the vehicle in a visually appealing way.
• transparent solar cells are provided as solar cells.
• this third embodiment of the device according to the invention provides that the transparent solar cells are embedded in glass.
• the transparent solar cells are provided on windows of the vehicle or are integrated between two panes of a window.
• the transparent solar cells can be attached to side windows and / or rear windows and / or the upper region of the front pane, in particular on the inside thereof.
• POWER solar cells so-called polycrystalline afer engineering result
• transparent solar cells in which tiny holes are machined into the base material, in particular silicon, by mechanical processing, as a result of which the Get solar cell transparency.
• FIG. 1 shows schematically in sectional view a first implementation of the invention with the aid of a mirrored solar cell, which is applied to a suitable body part of a motor vehicle, together with the schematic irradiation and
• FIG. 3 schematically shows the structure of a CIS thin-film solar cell which can be used according to the invention in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 4 schematically shows the sequence of manufacturing a CIS thin-film solar cell according to FIG. 4,
• FIG. 5 schematically shows the structure of a transparent solar cell, which is provided according to a third embodiment of the invention.
• a first implementation of the invention is shown schematically in the sectional view.
• a solar cell 1 mirrored on the rear is applied to a suitable body part 2 of a motor vehicle.
• a suitable body part 2 of a motor vehicle below the body part 2, which can be, for example, the body panel of the roof of a motor vehicle, which is not shown in any more detail, an insulation and, if appropriate, interior trim layer 3 is provided towards the interior of the vehicle.
• the solar cell 1 consists, seen in FIG. 1 from bottom to top, essentially of a carrier layer 11, a reflection layer 12 on the back of an active photovoltaic layer 13 and a protective layer 14 covering it upwards or outwards in the direction of the incident radiation.
• the incident radiation, sunlight or daylight, is represented by the family of downward-pointing arrows 4 and that on the boundary between the photovoltaic layer 13 and the Reflection layer 12 reflected radiation is represented by the two arrows 5 bent upwards.
• the total reflected radiation is represented by the five arrows 6, it is composed of the portion already mentioned, which is reflected at the boundary between the photovoltaic layer 13 and the reflection layer 12 and emerges from the photovoltaic layer 13, represented by the two arrows 5, and the portions , which are reflected on the one hand on the surface of the protective layer 14 and on the other hand on the boundary layer between the protective layer 14 and the photovoltaic layer 13.
• the reflection layer 12 represents a rear-side mirroring of the photovoltaic layer 13. Radiant energy incident in this photovoltaic layer 13, which radiation energy does not convert there into electrical energy, i.e. Current that is converted is reflected according to the two arrows 5. As a result, the photovoltaic layer 13 and thus the entire solar cell 1 and the structure below it, such as in particular the carrier layer 11 and the body part 2, heat up less. In this way, the aim of the present invention, namely reduction of the heat input in vehicles by shading or reflection of unconverted solar radiation, is achieved in a sustainable manner with simultaneous improved power generation for the vehicle electrical system.
• the preferred area for such solar cells, such as that shown in FIG. 1, is the vehicle roof.
• Usual solar cells absorb light in a typical frequency range and convert it into electrical energy. A large proportion of the radiation heats up the solar cells and the carrier material. This leads to a deterioration in the efficiency of the solar cells and to a heating of the carrier material, for example the vehicle roof and thus the vehicle interior. This effect described above is achieved by the provision of prevented on the back mirrored solar cells 1.
• a further part of the incident radiation is converted from thermal energy into electrical energy. The radiation component that cannot be converted into electrical energy is reflected on the reflection layer 12 and does not lead to any heating of the carrier layer 11 and the body part 2 underneath, for example the vehicle roof.
• the support layer 11 of the solar cell 1 is firmly connected to the body part 2 underneath.
• the carrier layer 11 can be rigid in itself or it can be flexible in order to adapt better to the shape of the body part 2, if necessary.
• the firm connection between the carrier layer 11 and the body part 2 can e.g. done by gluing.
• the reflection behavior of silicon semiconductor solar cells with the reflection R as a function of the wavelength ⁇ of the incident radiation schematically shows the reflection behavior of silicon semiconductor solar cells with the reflection R as a function of the wavelength ⁇ of the incident radiation.
• the three different curves represent examples of different reflective silicon semiconductor solar cells.
• the wavelength ⁇ is given in nm. Approximately below the wavelength of approx. 780 nm is the visible and above that the infrared range of the incident radiation. The spectral shown
• Characteristic curves show that the reflection R is lower than in the infrared range, with the reflection being almost total and essentially constant from a wavelength of approximately 1200 nm.
• the reflection R of such solar cells 1, as shown in FIG. 1 and shown in FIG. 2 by way of example in the reflection behavior, by means of a separate reflecting layer 12 attached to the rear between the photovoltaic layer 13 and the carrier layer 11 or a internal reflective layer can be realized within the active photovoltaic layer.
• FIG. 3 shows an example of the structure of the CIS thin-film solar cell 30 on a suitable body part, which according to the second embodiment of the invention is also a body panel 32, such as that from the roof of a motor vehicle.
• An approximately 0.5 ⁇ m thick molybdenum layer is applied as electrical contact to the body sheet 32 serving as the carrier layer.
• An approximately 2 ⁇ m thick photovoltaically active absorber layer 31 which contains copper indium diselenide.
• step 41 an approximately 0.5 ⁇ m thick molybdenum layer is deposited on a carrier substrate by cathode sputtering and functions as a so-called electrical back contact.
• step 42 the back contact is structured by means of laser treatment.
• step 43 the photovoltaically active absorber layer made of Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 is applied by simultaneous evaporation, in a thickness of approximately 2 ⁇ m.
• step 44 an approximately 0.05 ⁇ m thick CdS intermediate layer is applied, for example in a chemical immersion bath.
• step 45 the photovoltaically active absorber layer is structured mechanically.
• step 46 an approximately 1 ⁇ m thick ZnO layer is deposited by cathode sputtering to form the so-called electrical front contact.
• step 47 the front contact is structured mechanically.
• step 48 the electrical end contacts are finally attached and the sealing is carried out.
• the second implementation of the invention described on the basis of the CIS thin-film solar cells allows the integration of these solar cells on suitable body parts, such as, for example, the vehicle roof, both for shading the areas below and for simultaneously generating electricity.
• suitable body parts such as, for example, the vehicle roof
• the advantages of thin-film solar cells include the low cost of materials and the associated low costs, with the trend continuing to decline.
• the manufacturing process can be easily automated.
• the molybdenum layer provided for contacting is not applied to glass, but can be applied directly to a body part.
• the solar cell is built up further on this layer. This enables a direct integration of the solar cell into, for example, the vehicle roof and a simple automation of the direct solar cell production.
• thin-film solar cells produced in this way not limited to CIS thin-film solar cells, where CIS stands for the elements copper, indium and selenium, are protected against environmental influences by a protective lacquer layer that is optically matched to the vehicle body part. Since the thickness of the thin-film solar cells is only a few ⁇ m, simple integration into the design and painting of the vehicle is possible.
• a third implementation of the basic solution according to the invention provides that transparent solar cells are used as solar cells.
• the transparent solar cells can be embedded in glass.
• the transparent solar cells are attached to side windows and / or to rear windows and / or in the upper region of the front window, in particular on the respective inner side thereof.
• a transparent solar cell 50 is described with reference to FIG. 5.
• a so-called POWER solar cell 50 where POWER stands for polycrystalline wafer engineering result, is advantageously provided.
• tiny holes 51 are machined into the base material, in particular silicon, by mechanical processing, as a result of which the solar cell receives transparency.
• the holes 51 arise at the intersection of the intersecting and partially penetrating approximately V-shaped grooves 52 and 53.
• the grooves are produced by mechanical milling with a correspondingly shaped, rotating diamond roller set with diamonds, which in the direction of the grooves 52 and 53 is moved over the silicon semiconductor block 54 with an adapted feed.
• the front contact 55 is produced and attached to the upper ridges of the webs between the grooves 52
• the rear combs 56 are made in the lower ridges of the webs between the grooves 53.
• Other necessary or expedient measures for producing such transparent solar cells 50 need not be discussed here with regard to the purpose and aim of the invention.
• Such POWER solar cells are, for example, from sunways AG, Macairestr. 5 in D-78467 Konstanz and are described in more detail in a company brochure. As a module, they have an external dimension of 10 x 10 cm and a thickness of approximately 330 ⁇ m. The transparency is around 20%, but can be varied. These transparent solar cells are therefore suitable in the manner described above according to the invention as shading and electricity-generating solar cells on windows of motor vehicles as separate components with little application. The effect of tinted windows is visual.
• the device according to the invention has the general advantage that, on the one hand, essential parts of the motor vehicle are shaded by solar cells and this heats up less, and on the other hand, electricity is generated at the same time, which is fed into the vehicle electrical system or the battery. This is possible in particular when the vehicle is at a standstill, so that on the one hand electricity is generated in sunshine or daylight and on the other hand the heating of the vehicle is reduced. This may also reduce the performance of the air conditioning system for cooling the vehicle.
• three different implementation examples are described, each of which contain useful and advantageous further developments and refinements.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

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• 2000
  • 2000-12-28 DE DE10065530A patent/DE10065530A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2001
  • 2001-12-15 US US10/220,215 patent/US20030140961A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-12-15 JP JP2002554541A patent/JP2004516192A/ja active Pending
  • 2001-12-15 EP EP01995616A patent/EP1272371A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-12-15 WO PCT/DE2001/004753 patent/WO2002053408A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation

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