EP1272286A2 - Verfahren zum abscheiden einer polymerschicht und verwendung derselben - Google Patents
Verfahren zum abscheiden einer polymerschicht und verwendung derselbenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1272286A2 EP1272286A2 EP01927907A EP01927907A EP1272286A2 EP 1272286 A2 EP1272286 A2 EP 1272286A2 EP 01927907 A EP01927907 A EP 01927907A EP 01927907 A EP01927907 A EP 01927907A EP 1272286 A2 EP1272286 A2 EP 1272286A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polymer layer
- group
- discharge
- epoxy
- functional group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/62—Plasma-deposition of organic layers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for depositing a polymer layer on a substrate according to the preamble of claim 1, and to the use of the substrate coated in this way according to claims 11 to 17.
- the layer deposition method according to the invention makes it possible to provide plasma-polymer-coated substrates with a very high density of functional groups , which serve as reactive anchor groups for subsequent coatings or chemical reactions.
- the functional groups can either make the surface itself hydrophilic or hydrophobic, or they can undergo chemical reactions which lead to the formation of such a hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface.
- the functional groups can be used to modify the adsorption behavior with respect to a large number of substances, such as metal ions, organic substances, biomolecules, etc., and, moreover, to adhere to them Connection of the same can be realized.
- the method is preferably used for substrates which have inherently relatively inert surfaces, ie are chemically inert, as is generally the case with conventional polymers such as polyolefins or fluorinated polymers.
- the polymer with very reactive radical centers Growing up the surface of a polymer chain.
- the previously prepared surface can be brought into direct contact with polymerizable organic compounds.
- the organic compounds are in the liquid or gaseous state.
- the prepared surface is first brought into contact with moist air, so that peroxides or hydroperoxides form, which can then dissociate thermally or photochemically with the formation of reactive oxide radicals and, in contact with a suitable organic compound, also the growth of a polymer chain cause.
- a second known way of providing the surfaces of possibly very inert polymers with a layer containing a functional group is the so-called plasma polymerization.
- reactive species are formed in a plasma by excitation and dissociation.
- the reactive species condense on the surface and form a more or less strongly covalently cross-linked layer. With appropriate process management, it can be achieved that some of the functional groups are retained.
- the functional groups remaining in the deposited layer can be detected by physical methods such as infrared spectroscopy, see JPS Baydal, "Controlled Plasma Chemical Deposition of Polymer Coatings ", IEEE Seminar Plasma Polymerization for the Future, IEEE, London, 1999, 2/1.
- Plasma polymerization processes generally work with low-pressure plasmas and therefore require the use of complex vacuum equipment. They are therefore relatively expensive and, especially for the treatment of low-price products, such as packaging films, are not economical.
- the invention is based on the technical problem of providing a method for depositing a polymer layer using a filamented gas discharge at atmospheric pressure, which largely avoids the disadvantages of the prior art.
- the method is also intended to provide plasma polymer-coated substrates, in particular plasma polymer-coated polymers, which have a very high density of functional groups.
- Filamentized gas discharges for example filamentized barrier discharges, show a statistical one Distribution of transient micro-discharges on the so-called filaments. It is known that the filaments have very high current densities of 100 to 1000 A / cm 2 with very high electron densities of 10 14 to 10 15 cm "3. It would therefore be expected on the basis of these extreme plasma conditions that the functional groups of the introduced organic compound, upon contact with the high-energy particles of the gas discharge completely, or at least to a very considerable extent.
- the process can be operated at or near atmospheric pressure, ie in the range from approx. 0.2 bar to 2 bar, ie from 2x10 4 Pa to approx. 2x10 5 Pa. It is therefore advantageously possible to dispense with the use of complex and expensive vacuum systems.
- Inert polymer surfaces are particularly suitable as substrates to be coated, for example polyethylene, polypropylene or high-performance plastics such as polyoxymethylene, polyether ketone or polypropylene sulfide.
- Noble gases such as argon can be selected as the carrier gas for the organic compound.
- the noble gases are known to be chemically inert under normal conditions. In the plasma-excited state, however, they can very well trigger chemical reactions which can lead to the destruction of functional groups.
- the filamented discharge can be excited by means of a sine voltage.
- a pulsed sinusoidal voltage In view of the goal of achieving the greatest possible density of functional groups on the polymer layer, it has proven to be advantageous to use a pulsed sinusoidal voltage. This will be explained below.
- a pulsed sine voltage is characterized by a sequence of a time period t 1 # during which a sine voltage is present and a time period t 2 during of which there is no voltage.
- a filamented plasma is present during the period t, whereas no plasma is present during the dead time t 2 .
- the transition between these periods can be expected to be abrupt. The reason for this is that the micro-discharges are extremely short-lived, which manifests itself physically in a discharge duration of a few nanoseconds.
- the layer thickness also increased during t 2 , ie the coating rate was greater than zero. This indicates that intact, undamaged molecules react with the sufficiently stable radical centers on the surface in the sense of a classic radical polyaddition.
- One or more radical-polymerizable compounds provided with functional groups serve as the starting substance for the deposition of the plasma polymer layer produced by the method according to the invention.
- the organic compound supplied to the discharge must have a polymerizable or polymerizable group.
- a carbon double bond is particularly suitable for coupling the compound to the radical centers formed on the surface, as is the case, for example, in vinyl, allyl, Acrylic or methacrylic compounds are present, since, according to previous understanding, these are split and the carbon atom in question forms a covalent bond with the radical.
- the organic compound also has a chemically functional group which contains at least one of the elements 0, N, S, P or a halogen.
- Suitable oxygen-containing functional groups are, in particular, epoxy, ether, keto, aldehyde, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups.
- Suitable nitrogen-containing groups are, for example, primary, secondary and tertiary amino, nitrile and nitro groups.
- Suitable sulfur-containing groups are, for example, the thiol, mercapto, sulfonic acid, sulfone, sulfoxide or thioether groups.
- An example of a functional group containing phosphorus is the phosphate group and the phosphoric acid ester group.
- a particularly interesting halogen-containing group is the trifluoromethyl group, since this can give it a very low surface tension if the concentration or density on the surface is sufficient.
- the epoxy group is particularly suitable for layer deposition because it can easily form covalent bonds to the subsequent layer. If the coated substrate according to the invention is subsequently brought into contact with an adhesive partner, for example a coating, the epoxy groups are particularly suitable when it is an epoxy-based adhesive partner. For example, an epoxy-based varnish adheres particularly firmly with such a coated substrate with built-in epoxy groups.
- the choice of a polymerizable organic compound with at least one polar hydroxyl or carboxyl group is particularly suitable if the surface of the coated substrate is to be made hydrophilic.
- Amino groups are advantageous if the plasma polymer layer is subsequently to be provided with an epoxy-based adhesive, since epoxy groups are very reactive towards amino groups.
- amino groups can be used, for example, for the immobilization of proteins.
- amino groups can also are used to couple poly (ethylene) oxide chains via a reaction with cyanuric chloride, which in turn greatly reduce the adhesion of proteins to the surface.
- WR Go botz et. al. J. Biomed. Mat. Res. 25, p. 1547, 1991.
- the method according to the invention can also be used to provide biocompatible layers which are provided, for example, on implants for biomedical applications. Depending on the application, it may be desirable for these implants that proteins, organic cells or cell cultures can be deposited there, cannot be separated, or only special representatives thereof can be separated. For example, if the implant is to be firmly anchored to the connective tissue, it is desirable that the surface be provided with functional groups that support the attachment of cells. Furthermore, the surface can fulfill additional functions by loading with an antibiotic or a growth factor.
- the concrete relationships between the type of functional group on the surface on the one hand, and the adhesion of the biological material such as proteins or cells on the other hand, is described, for example, in C.-P. Klages, Mat.-wiss. u. Maschinenstofftech. 30, p. 767, 1999, described in detail, so that reference is expressly made to this article in this regard.
- As a An example is the covalent immobilization of collagen by carboxyl groups.
- the organic compound is introduced either in gaseous form or as an aerosol. Gaseous introduction is advisable when the vapor pressure is sufficiently high, for example with numerous monomers. For this purpose, the carrier gas is passed through the mostly liquid organic compound. Introduction as an aerosol is advantageous for high molecular weight compounds with low vapor pressure, for example for many dimers or polymers. If it is introduced as an aerosol, a high coating rate can usually be achieved.
- a filamented barrier discharge can be selected as the filamented gas discharge, cf. Fig. 1 and the embodiment.
- a barrier discharge is understood to be a gas discharge as described by H. Gobrecht et. al. , "On Silent Discharge in Ozonizers", Ber. Bunsenges. 68, pp. 55-63, 1965.
- An electronically controlled arc discharge can also be selected. 2
- an electronically controlled high voltage U is applied to two high-voltage electrodes 6, 6 '.
- the activated gas particles generated in the arc discharge are transported to the substrate surface 8 to be coated with the aid of a strong gas stream 7.
- the activated gas particles constrict to form thin discharge channels 9, so that here too filamented discharge form is present.
- the advantage of this discharge arrangement is that the electrodes 6, 6 'themselves are coated significantly less than in the case of the filamented barrier discharge. This advantageously leads to a lower maintenance requirement for the arrangement, which enables economical working in continuous operation.
- an approx. 1 ⁇ m thick layer made of a ten percent polymer solution of polyglycidyl methacrylate (abbreviated to Poly-GMA) in methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) was produced by dipping a silicon wafer into the solution of the polymer in butanone.
- an epoxide concentration of 7.0 mmol / g was determined by determining the absorption of the characteristic wave numbers of 850 cm "1 and 910 cm " 1 of the epoxy group. It can be assumed to a good approximation that the polymer and the deposited layers have the same density in accordance with the method according to the invention. Furthermore, it can be assumed that the epoxy groups are almost completely retained when the layer is formed from the polymer solution.
- a filamented barrier discharge was used, the arrangement used being shown in FIG. 1.
- the electrodes are two ceramic-insulated rods 1, 1 'of 15 cm in length which are parallel to the longitudinal axis Substrate surface are arranged. The direction of view in Fig. 1 is the direction of these longitudinal axes.
- the distance of the electrodes 1, 1 'from the substrate 2 is 0.9 cm, the substrate table 3 being moved back and forth under the electrodes at a speed of 1 cm / s.
- the movement of the substrate table 3 is indicated by the horizontal double arrow below the substrate 2.
- the electrodes 1, 1 'are supplied by a high-voltage generator with sinusoidal alternating voltage U of 5 to 10 kV with the frequency f 38 kHz, the primary-side power being approximately 40 W.
- Nitrogen is passed through a container with the liquid monomer glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) at a room temperature of 23 ° C.
- the nitrogen loaded with the gaseous GMA is passed with a gas flow of 10 1 / min through the gas shower 4 between the electrodes 1 into the discharge zones 5, 5 'where the substrate 2 has been coated.
- Polymer films such as polyethylene and polypropylene were chosen as substrates. With a single pass of the substrates 2 through the discharge region 5, 5 ', a thin layer of approximately 10 nm thickness can be produced. The thickness of the deposited layer can be increased accordingly by several passes.
- the layer deposited in this way had a concentration of 1.26 mmol / g. This is approx. 18% of the value as determined in the preliminary test at Poly-GMA.
- the epoxy groups were almost completely retained during the layer formation.
- the lower concentration in the layer deposited according to the invention means that a considerable part of the functional groups survived the discharge undamaged and built into the layer
- the layer deposition method according to the invention is well suited to providing plasma polymer-coated substrates with a high number of epoxy groups.
- the discharge was not operated with a continuous sine voltage, but with a pulsed sine voltage.
- the pulse time was 1 ms at a pulse frequency of 20 Hz.
- the evaluation of the infrared spectra showed that the concentration of the epoxy groups was now 6.3 mmol / g. With the pulsed voltage, a much higher concentration of epoxy groups could be provided on the surface of the substrate than with simple sinusoidal voltage. Apparently a much larger proportion of the functional groups introduced via the organic compound survived.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Coating Of Shaped Articles Made Of Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10017846 | 2000-04-11 | ||
DE10017846A DE10017846C2 (de) | 2000-04-11 | 2000-04-11 | Verfahren zum Abscheiden einer Polymerschicht und Verwendung derselben |
PCT/EP2001/004108 WO2001076773A2 (de) | 2000-04-11 | 2001-04-10 | Verfahren zum abscheiden einer polymerschicht und verwendung derselben |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1272286A2 true EP1272286A2 (de) | 2003-01-08 |
EP1272286B1 EP1272286B1 (de) | 2004-03-17 |
Family
ID=7638274
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01927907A Expired - Lifetime EP1272286B1 (de) | 2000-04-11 | 2001-04-10 | Verfahren zum abscheiden einer polymerschicht |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1272286B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE261781T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10017846C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001076773A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
PT1326718E (pt) * | 2000-10-04 | 2004-04-30 | Dow Corning Ireland Ltd | Metodo e aparelho para formar um revestimento |
TW200409669A (en) | 2002-04-10 | 2004-06-16 | Dow Corning Ireland Ltd | Protective coating composition |
DE10248085A1 (de) * | 2002-10-15 | 2004-05-06 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Plasmapolymere Haftschichten |
US20060068224A1 (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2006-03-30 | George Grobe | Coated biomedical device and associated method |
GB0507612D0 (en) | 2005-04-15 | 2005-05-25 | Univ Durham | A method for producing a thiol functionalised surface |
GB0509648D0 (en) | 2005-05-12 | 2005-06-15 | Dow Corning Ireland Ltd | Plasma system to deposit adhesion primer layers |
DE102007006786B4 (de) | 2006-02-22 | 2022-02-10 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Anlage und Verfahren zum Beschichten eines Substrates |
DE102010049807A1 (de) | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-03 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur Immobilisierung mindestens einer Substanz auf Oberflächen |
DE102010044114A1 (de) | 2010-11-18 | 2012-05-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zum Verbinden von Substraten und damit erhältliche Verbundstruktur |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE604952A (de) * | 1960-06-15 | 1961-12-13 | ||
US3443980A (en) * | 1966-04-15 | 1969-05-13 | Du Pont | Process of producing laminar film structures |
DE3827630A1 (de) * | 1988-08-16 | 1990-02-22 | Hoechst Ag | Flaechengebilde aus einem substrat und einem ueberzug und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
US5326584A (en) * | 1989-04-24 | 1994-07-05 | Drexel University | Biocompatible, surface modified materials and method of making the same |
WO1995018249A1 (fr) * | 1993-12-24 | 1995-07-06 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Procede et appareil de traitement d'une surface au plasma sous pression atmospherique, procede de production d'un dispositif a semi-conducteurs et procede de production d'une tete d'imprimante a jet d'encre |
DE19611936C2 (de) * | 1996-03-27 | 2003-02-13 | Leica Microsystems | Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer haftfesten Beschichtung mit optischen und/oder mechanischen Funktionen auf einer Polymethylmetacrylat-Substratoberfläche |
DE19802740A1 (de) * | 1998-01-26 | 1999-07-29 | Leybold Systems Gmbh | Verfahren zur Behandlung von Oberflächen von Substraten aus Kunststoff |
DE19953667B4 (de) * | 1999-11-08 | 2009-06-04 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Schicht mit selektiv funktionalisierter Oberfläche, Verfahren zur Herstellung sowie deren Verwendung |
-
2000
- 2000-04-11 DE DE10017846A patent/DE10017846C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-04-10 AT AT01927907T patent/ATE261781T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-10 DE DE50101710T patent/DE50101710D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-10 EP EP01927907A patent/EP1272286B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-04-10 WO PCT/EP2001/004108 patent/WO2001076773A2/de active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0176773A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50101710D1 (de) | 2004-04-22 |
DE10017846A1 (de) | 2001-10-25 |
EP1272286B1 (de) | 2004-03-17 |
WO2001076773A2 (de) | 2001-10-18 |
WO2001076773A3 (de) | 2002-02-28 |
ATE261781T1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
DE10017846C2 (de) | 2002-03-14 |
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