EP1266842A1 - Transporteinheit für plattenförmige Dämmstoffelemente - Google Patents
Transporteinheit für plattenförmige Dämmstoffelemente Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1266842A1 EP1266842A1 EP02010515A EP02010515A EP1266842A1 EP 1266842 A1 EP1266842 A1 EP 1266842A1 EP 02010515 A EP02010515 A EP 02010515A EP 02010515 A EP02010515 A EP 02010515A EP 1266842 A1 EP1266842 A1 EP 1266842A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- packaging
- film
- transport unit
- insulation
- unit according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 103
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006302 stretch film Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000013039 cover film Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006300 shrink film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012384 transportation and delivery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006701 autoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/02—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents specially adapted to protect contents from mechanical damage
- B65D81/05—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents specially adapted to protect contents from mechanical damage maintaining contents at spaced relation from package walls, or from other contents
- B65D81/053—Corner, edge or end protectors
- B65D81/054—Protectors contacting two generally perpendicular surfaces of the packaged article, e.g. edge protectors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D71/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans or pop bottles; Bales of material
- B65D71/0088—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
- B65D71/0092—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck provided with one or more rigid supports, at least one dimension of the supports corresponding to a dimension of the load, e.g. skids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
- B65D2571/00006—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
- B65D2571/00012—Bundles surrounded by a film
- B65D2571/00018—Bundles surrounded by a film under tension
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
- B65D2571/00006—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
- B65D2571/00061—Special configuration of the stack
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
- B65D2571/00006—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
- B65D2571/00067—Local maintaining elements, e.g. partial packaging, shrink packaging, shrink small bands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2571/00—Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
- B65D2571/00006—Palletisable loads, i.e. loads intended to be transported by means of a fork-lift truck
- B65D2571/00098—Devices for transporting the load also from above
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2581/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D2581/02—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents specially adapted to protect contents from mechanical damage
- B65D2581/05—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents specially adapted to protect contents from mechanical damage maintaining contents at spaced relation from package walls, or from other contents
- B65D2581/051—Details of packaging elements for maintaining contents at spaced relation from package walls, or from other contents
- B65D2581/052—Materials
- B65D2581/056—Other materials, e.g. metals, straw, coconut fibre
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
- B65D85/30—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for articles particularly sensitive to damage by shock or pressure
- B65D85/46—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for articles particularly sensitive to damage by shock or pressure for bricks, tiles or building blocks
Definitions
- the invention relates to a packaging and / or transport unit for plate-shaped Insulation elements, especially large-format roof insulation panels, preferably from mineral fibers, in particular from rock wool, consisting of at least one, preferably two spaced support bodies and a stack of individual plates arranged on the support bodies Insulating elements, wherein a film at least the stack of panels at least partially surrounds.
- the invention further relates to a transport container for the handling of packaging and / or transport units for plate-shaped Insulation elements, especially large-format roof insulation panels, preferably mineral fibers, in particular rock wool, consisting of at least one, preferably two spaced-apart support bodies and a stack of individual plates arranged on the support bodies Insulating elements, wherein a film at least the stack of panels at least partially surrounds.
- the invention relates to a method for transportation of packaging and / or transport units for plate-shaped insulation elements, in particular large-format roof insulation boards, preferably made of mineral fibers, in particular of rock wool, consisting of at least one, preferably two spaced-apart support bodies and one stack of panels made of individual insulation elements arranged on the support bodies, wherein a film at least partially over the surface of the plate stack surrounds.
- plate-shaped insulation elements in particular large-format roof insulation boards, preferably made of mineral fibers, in particular of rock wool, consisting of at least one, preferably two spaced-apart support bodies and one stack of panels made of individual insulation elements arranged on the support bodies, wherein a film at least partially over the surface of the plate stack surrounds.
- Insulation materials are widely used in buildings and systems. Alone Sales of mineral wool insulation materials reach the annual level in Germany On the order of approximately 15 to 20 million cubic meters. Insulation materials are light, voluminous goods that are inexpensive despite high benefits. Because of the large space requirement with comparatively low added value, retail companies limit keeping the insulation materials to a minimum. The manufacturers of the Insulation materials therefore have advantageous logistics for the direct delivery of the Insulation materials developed on construction sites, produced in accordance with requirements and in Name and for the account of the trading company the insulation materials on time delivered directly to the construction site for the hands of a manufacturing company become.
- the insulation materials are in packaging and / or transport units provided which are packages or bundles of multiple packages Insulating elements, for example insulating boards or insulating felt rolls acts, which is therefore no longer individually in the cargo hold of a transport vehicle be stacked. It is true that the individual arrangement of the insulation elements achieve a largely optimal utilization of the loading volume, however, this advantage becomes economical due to the labor-intensive loading and unloading of the transport vehicle tugged. Summarizing the insulation elements to palletized packaging and / or transport units fast and economical loading and unloading of the transport vehicles.
- Mineral fiber roof insulation boards have bulk densities of approx. 100 to 200 kg / m 3 .
- Roof insulation panels are also known which have a significantly higher bulk density in a surface zone with approximately 180 to 220 kg / m 3 than regions of the roof insulation panels arranged underneath. The highly compressed surface zone is intended to increase the rigidity of the roof insulation panels when walking on.
- These roof insulation boards usually have thicknesses of approx. 30 to approx. 160 kg / m 3 .
- the roof insulation panels With a standard format of, for example, 1000 mm in length and 600 mm in width, the roof insulation panels are packed together by wraps made of shrink film to packages of approximately 20 kg in weight and thickness of approximately 20 to 40 cm. Such packages are mostly shipped individually or stacked on wooden pallets.
- Large-format roof insulation panels are, for example, with the dimensions Made 2 m long and 1.2 m wide and first stacked.
- Such one Plate stack forms the basis for a packaging and / or transport unit.
- a packaging and / or transport unit that has already proven itself in practice is described in DE 92 183 20 U1.
- the stack of plates rests here on at least two support bodies, preferably made of the same material as the roof insulation panels, the panel stack and the roof insulation panels as a whole is covered with a plastic film.
- the support body enables underriding the packaging and transport unit with a pallet truck or a fork-like one Lifting device for forklift trucks.
- the wrapping consists of stretch films, preferably of polyethylene.
- the foil is in the area of the support body several times around the plate stack wrapped to achieve greater transport security. Show stretch films good cohesion between the individual film layers.
- the relatively high weight of each The stack of panels shows roof insulation panels and the resulting frictional forces overall a high internal stiffness and behaves in the essentially like a homogeneous block of mineral fibers. It also has a favorable effect from that the roof insulation panels on a production line across from the first endless fiber web are separated.
- the roof insulation panels thus have the longitudinal direction, which is transverse to the original direction of manufacture, a much higher internal stiffness and bending tensile strength than in the Direction of plate width.
- a packaging and / or transport unit made of such roof insulation panels indicates at an average height of the plate stack of 1.2 m Total weight of approx. 500 kg and is without appropriate transport equipment, such as cranes, forklifts or the like cannot be handled.
- the support body is dimensioned so that neither the insulation elements nor the Support body overloaded and thus damaged.
- the usually about 400 mm wide support bodies are arranged over the entire width of the plate stack.
- the roof insulation panels for example two meters long, protrude both ends about 150 mm, but preferably 200 mm above; remains in the middle approx. 800 mm wide space.
- the packaging and / or transport units are manufactured in the manufacturing plant for the Transport or storage at the manufacturer or on site. Transport to a construction site or to a manufacturing warehouse Company or a trading company is mostly done by truck. Because of the greater flexibility, trucks are predominantly used with overplanned platforms or overplanned interchangeable platforms.
- the packaging and / or transport units are lifted by both Sides placed on the bed of the truck or a trailer, with no more than two packaging and / or transport units can be arranged one above the other.
- the tarpaulins must already be loaded unfolded on both sides of the truck and / or the trailer become. For this purpose, the numerous side brackets of the Overplanning opened and half of the tarpaulin with the help of boards or the like folded up and placed on the scaffolding.
- a concentration of loads in the crane's feed area and thus possible Deformations of flexible roof shells made of, for example, profiled sheets to avoid, the packaging and / or transport units are promptly distributed on a load-bearing roof shell.
- Multi-axis pallet trucks are used for this purpose can be easily moved on roof shells even under load.
- the fork is moved in the middle under the stack of plates, although this is often the case uneven terrain in the construction site area is not always possible, so the wrapping together with the support body possible damage from the forks of the Forklift is exposed. This damage affects the intended later use of the support body as insulation material to be processed. Furthermore, when carelessly driving underneath from closely behind or next to each other Packing and / or transport units placed on the platform of the truck and the subsequent lifting of the packaging and / or Transport unit damaged the adjacent packaging and / or transport unit become.
- the object of the invention based on a packaging and / or transport unit and / or a transport container and / or a method for transporting this packaging and / or
- a transport unit in which a high stability both given during transport as well as during handling on a construction site are and at the same time an economical, because inexpensive transport possible becomes.
- a packaging according to the invention and transport unit that the film has at least one free surface completely covers the top insulation element in the stack of panels and that the film is dependent on one end in the longitudinal direction of the plate stack of the loads occurring during the transport is constructed in multiple layers, while the film in the remaining areas is single-layer with overlap sections is arranged.
- a transport container according to the invention Solution of the task provided that several packaging and / or Transport units combined and surrounded with a film as well are arranged on at least one support body.
- the packaging and / or transport unit is designed such that packaging materials are reduced and the packaging and / or Transport unit nevertheless on open vehicles, especially open trucks, preferably transported on so-called platform trucks can.
- Open vehicles include lorries, and suitable ones Swap bodies, the corresponding trailers and open railroad cars.
- the possibility of open vehicles for the transport of the invention Being able to use packaging and / or transport units becomes short Loading and unloading times and thus shorter transport times and storage times achieved before processing the insulation elements. So this is also protection against weather influences, especially against rain of less Importance, so that the packaging materials, especially the Foil surrounding plate stack now essentially to the requirements be aligned with the strength of the packaging and / or transport unit can.
- wrapping begins near an end face of the packaging and / or transport unit.
- a usually about 500 mm wide stretch film is first at least once in the vicinity of this end face wound. Due to the tension exerted on the film, it lies in an all-round manner 3 to 12 cm wide strips firmly around the face.
- the support body On the other On the side of the web, the support body is extended with at least one film web detected that the support body is still tight even when an injury the film is present through a fork of a forklift.
- the coiled below Foil sheets are overlapped by about 5 to 15 cm around the plate stack wound.
- One end of the plate stack is partially covered by the Support body preferably wrapped with at least 3 layers of the film, that the individual layers of the film on the front of the plate stack from the inside are at least largely set back to the outside. Thereby lie Ends of the foils firmly on top of each other and not hollow.
- the insulation elements have within the permitted by DIN 18165 Part 1 Limit deviations from the nominal width. There are also small ones Deviations when stacking the insulation elements. Between the taut Foil and the individual insulation elements create voids through which the head wind can flow. This air flow in the film Wrapping is principally advantageous around the side surfaces of the insulation elements to cool. The disadvantage, however, is that the air flow is incorrectly arranged the packaging and / or transport units on the open transport vehicle can also reach under the individual film webs, making the film can be damaged. The incoming air, however, generally produces certain Set a negative pressure, which is due to insufficient tension in the film Fluttering movements of the casing can result.
- At least an adhesive tape is passed horizontally around the wrapping.
- Adhesive tape can be used to determine the center or center of gravity of the Packaging and / or transport unit according to the invention for a proper Handling.
- This adhesive tape is preferably in the middle between the support bodies arranged. The marking serves a driver of a forklift the center of the packaging and / or transport unit, with the large tensile and / or bending loads on the insulation elements should be avoided.
- machine-readable ones can also be used Markings, such as bar codes, metal foils, light reflection foils, Plaques or the like are used.
- markings arranged at a distance from one another can be provided Define space for arranging the hoist.
- the packaging and / or Transport units and / or the insulation elements or the plate stack with Marks formed, for example, the shape of the side or burned have arrow marks sprayed with paint. These marks can also be printed on the horizontal adhesive tapes. As a further marker carrier are labels or other stickers or prints on the used Foils possible.
- the markings are preferably at different heights of the plate stack attached to make it recognizable for a forklift driver from any position.
- a windproof wrapping can be done with polyethylene foils which are either flat, or are formed at least in an edge area with a pressure sensitive adhesive.
- Significantly more stable wrappings, especially of unstable insulation material stacks are to be formed with polyethylene films made up of several layers, that cold weld together in the contact area.
- One such, for example 50 ⁇ m thick film is offered under the ACUPLAN 1000 brand. This film exhibits excellent deep-drawing behavior with a relatively high elasticity on so that the film during movements of the packaging and / or Transport unit can hardly be pierced.
- the packaging and / or transport units according to the invention can also made of insulation elements with small material thicknesses of less, for example can be built as 6 cm.
- appropriately heavy packaging and / or Transport units especially on roof surfaces, have a transport with multi-axis Lift truck armored. These pallet trucks are equipped with rollers and can be moved on the profile sheets of a roof shell even under load.
- the lowest insulation element in particular becomes very strong stressed on bending so that in some cases it breaks at the bottom Insulation element comes.
- Such packaging and / or transport units are then also for large format Insulation elements, such as sandwich wall and / or -Ceiling elements or, for example, suitable for inserts for fire protection doors.
- the fibers are regularly steeper to more vertical Storage arranged to the large surfaces so that these insulation elements very high pressure and sufficient shear strength, but have only low bending tensile strengths and therefore during handling
- Up to now in a packaging and / or transport unit according to the invention were only manageable if the plate stack was wrapped more tightly, i.e. With provided a large number of windings and, if necessary, also horizontally is non-positively strapped.
- insulation boards can also be used with the standard dimensions of z. B. 1000 mm long and 600 mm wide form packaging and / or transport units according to the invention. hereby the tedious and costly unloading and transportation of individual items are eliminated Parcels and / or the collection and disposal of heavy wooden pallets. Doing so the processor is known to have the cost of returning it to a collection container and the manufacturer, in addition to the manufacturing costs, also the disposal costs.
- the packaging and / or transport unit consists of one Support bodies on the base plate, which consists of a large format Insulation board is formed, which is approximately or identical to the dimensions of four has insulation boards to be arranged in one position.
- An alternative embodiment sees two base plates with twice the length and the same width stacking plates in front.
- insulation boards form one layer.
- the insulation boards of one layer are pressed close together when stacked to prevent movement in the plate stack to avoid or at least to minimize.
- the support body can be closer to the area the center of gravity of the packaging and / or transport unit arranged offset his.
- the support body preferably have half the width of the Insulation panels.
- the support bodies are made of highly compressed strips of insulation panels, in particular made of mineral wool slats made of rock wool.
- cover layers made of cardboard, foils, for example et al be used. In order to obtain the necessary adhesion here these cover layers are guided around the edges of the uppermost insulation element.
- the middle of the plate stack is covered with the film at least three times wrapped or by an additional non-positive shrink-wrapped band made of tear-resistant materials, such as nonwovens made of plastic fibers, e.g. made of polypropylene fibers, or from several layers of non-positively connected polyethylene films held together.
- an additional non-positive shrink-wrapped band made of tear-resistant materials, such as nonwovens made of plastic fibers, e.g. made of polypropylene fibers, or from several layers of non-positively connected polyethylene films held together.
- tear-resistant materials such as nonwovens made of plastic fibers, e.g. made of polypropylene fibers, or from several layers of non-positively connected polyethylene films held together.
- a further improvement in the stability of the packaging and / or Transport unit is achieved especially in the middle area by that an additional, preferably narrow support body is provided.
- the internal stability of the plate stack can be increased in that the Insulating panels all around with a step fold and pushed into each other are.
- the same stability-increasing effect is achieved when the individual Lay the insulation elements in the direction of one or both horizontal axes are shifted from an adjacent location. in this connection shifts of only approx. 1 cm to approx. 5 cm, preferably 2 to 3 cm, are sufficient, to achieve a significant improvement in stability.
- the stack of plates the small-sized insulation panels then protrude the outer surfaces the base and cover plate, due to the slight displacement but no serious disadvantages.
- FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a packaging and / or transport unit 1 shown for plate-shaped insulation elements 2. Every insulation element 2 has two large surfaces 3 and side surfaces arranged at right angles thereto 4 and 5. The insulation elements 2 are plate-shaped and arranged to form a plate stack 6 in such a way that the insulation elements 2 with their large surfaces 3 lie one on top of the other, while the side surfaces 4, 5 close flush.
- the plate stack 6 is arranged on support bodies 7, which consist of a for insulation purposes suitable material, such as rock wool. Furthermore, the Plate stack 6 wrapped in a film 8, the film 8 both the large Surface 3 of the uppermost insulation element 2 as well as the side surfaces 4 and covers the side faces 5 of the plate stack 6.
- the film 8 is transverse to Longitudinal direction, which is determined by the side surfaces 4 of the insulation elements 2 is wound around the plate stack 6 and the support body 7.
- the film 8 depending on one end in the longitudinal direction of the plate stack 6 those that occur on an open transport vehicle during transport Multi-layer loads, namely three layers in the area 9, while the Foil 8 formed in the other areas in one layer with overlap area 10 is.
- the plate stack 6 is wrapped with a film 8, which to the Side surfaces 5 and 4 of the plate stack 6 abuts.
- this film 8 also in the area of the side faces 5 below the area 9 is multi-layer, namely three layers.
- the packaging and / or transport unit 1 is not closer to one in this way Vehicle shown arranged that the area 9 is in the direction of travel.
- the multilayer arrangement of the film 8 in the area 9 and in the area of the associated Side surfaces 4, 5 has the advantage that the airstream that occurs during transport the packaging and / or transport unit 1 on an open vehicle not reinforced by the multilayer reinforced film 8.
- the packaging and / or transport unit 1 according to FIG a central band 11 on its central area, which on the outer surface the film 8 rests and can be designed as an adhesive tape.
- This band 11 runs perpendicular to the longitudinal extent and to the side surfaces 4 of the insulation elements 2.
- Another band 12 is in the middle region of the plate stack 6 aligned horizontally. This is an adhesive tape that is on the film 8 is glued on.
- the film 8 is designed as a stretch film made of polyethylene and has a material thickness from 25 ⁇ m.
- the width of the film 9 is 500 mm, with the overlap areas 10 of the individual film strips are approximately 100 mm wide.
- Markings 13 are arranged on the insulation elements 2 and / or the film 8, the arrows on the end of the packaging and / or transport unit 1 point with the multilayer design of the film 8, so that when loading the Packing and / or transport unit 1 the direction of packing and / or Transport unit 1 is specified on the transport vehicle.
- the markings 13 are arranged at different heights of the plate stack 6, so that it also when handling the packaging and / or transport unit 1 a forklift can be recognized at any time.
- the film 8 in the area of the overlap areas 10 is coated with a pressure sensitive adhesive or cold welding properties having.
- FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a packaging and / or transport unit 1 shown. It can be seen that with this packaging and / or Transport unit 1 in the plate stack 6 a lower, large-area insulation board 14 rests on the support bodies 7. On this large format insulation board 14 several layers of insulation elements 2 are arranged, each Layer consists of two insulation elements 2, the length of which is half the length corresponds to the insulation board 2. The width of the insulation elements 2 is correct and the insulation board 14 identical, in a further embodiment it can also be provided that each layer consists of four insulation elements 2 is formed so that each insulation element 2 has a length and a Width, each half of the corresponding length and the corresponding Correspond to the width of the insulation board 14.
- top insulation element 2 is again an insulation plate 14 with the Dimensions of the insulation board 14 resting on the support bodies 7 arranged.
- the plate stack 6 thus formed is then again with a film 8 envelops, it can be seen that the film 8 on both in the longitudinal direction of the Plate stack 6 lying ends and in the middle area multi-layer, namely three layers is formed, while between the multilayer areas 9 single-layer areas are arranged.
- arrow marks 15 are arranged on the plate stack, which indicate the position of the support body 7 so that the handling of the packaging and / or transport unit 1 with a forklift truck through these arrow markings 15 is significantly simplified.
- Figure 3 shows a plate stack 6 on support bodies 7, in which to increase the stability of the individual insulation elements 2 transversely to the longitudinal axis direction the insulation elements 2 are arranged offset from each other, so that in Area of the side surface 5 no continuous parting line between the two Insulating elements 2 a layer of the plate stack 6 results.
- the packaging and / or Transport unit 1 according to Figure 3 can also with regard to the side surface 4 can be designed accordingly, as far as each layer of the plate stack 6 also in the longitudinal direction at least two arranged one behind the other Has insulation element 2.
- the packaging described above and shown in Figures 1 to 3 and / or transport units 1 can be combined in a transport container and be surrounded by a common film.
- the packaging and / or transport units shown in Figures 1 to 3 1 are also particularly for transport on open transport vehicles suitable, the packaging and / or transport units 1 with their the multilayered film 8 having ends placed in the transport direction become.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
- Recrystallisation Techniques (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Pallets (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Figur 1
- Eine erste Ausführungsform einer Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit in Seitenansicht;
- Figur 2
- eine zweite Ausführungsform einer Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit in Seitenansicht und
- Figur 3
- die Anordnung von Dämmstoffelementen in einer dritten Ausführungsform einer Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit in Ansicht.
Claims (36)
- Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit für plattenförmige Dämmstoffelemente, insbesondere großformatige Dachdämmplatten, vorzugsweise aus Mineralfasern, insbesondere aus Steinwolle, bestehend aus zumindest einem, vorzugsweise zwei im Abstand zueinander angeordneten Auflagekörpern und einem auf den Auflagekörpern angeordneten Plattenstapel aus einzelnen Dämmstoffelementen, wobei eine Folie zumindest den Plattenstapel wenigstens teilflächig umgibt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Folie (8) zumindest eine freie Oberfläche (3) des im Plattenstapels (6) obersten Dämmstoffelementes (2) vollständig abdeckt und
dass die Folie (8) an einem Ende in Längsrichtung des Plattenstapels (6) in Abhängigkeit des während des Transports auftretenden Belastungen mehrlagig ausgebildet ist, während die Folie (8) in den übrigen Bereichen einlagig mit Überlappungsbereichen (10) angeordnet ist. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Überlappungsbereiche (10) im Bereich der einlagig angeordneten Folie (8) derart ausgebildet sind, dass ein dem mehrlagigen Bereich (9) der Folie (8) näherliegender Folienabschnitt überlappend auf dem benachbarten, von dem mehrlagigen Bereich der Folie (8) entfernter liegender Folienabschnitt angeordnet ist . - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Folie (8) zumindest an der dem Ende des Plattenstapels (6) zugeordneten Stirnfläche mehrlagig angeordnet ist. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Plattenstapel (6) eine horizontal verlaufende, an den Stirnflächen anliegende Umwicklung mit zumindest einem zugfesten Band (12) aufweist. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Folie (8) als Stretchfolie, vorzugsweise aus Polyäthylen ausgebildet ist. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Folie (8) eine Materialstärke von 15 bis 50 µm, insbesondere von 20 bis 30 µm aufweist. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Folie (8) die Auflagerkörper (7) miterfasst und den Plattenstapel (6) mit den Auflagerkörpern (7) kraftschlüssig verbindet. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Folie (8) eine Breite von 350 bis 1.000 mm, insbesondere 500 mm aufweist und die Überlappungsbereiche (10) benachbarter Folienstreifen 25 bis 150 mm breit sind. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens drei Lagen der Folie (8) im Bereich (9) der mehrlagigen Anordnung der Folie (8) übereinander liegen. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Folie (8) mit einem horizontal ausgerichteten, außen liegendem Klebeband (12) verklebt ist. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Folie (8) mit zumindest einem vorzugsweise vertikal ausgerichteten, außen liegenden Klebeband (11) verklebt ist. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 11,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Klebeband (11) im Bereich eines Auflagekörpers (7) angeordnet ist. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Folie (8) eine Markierung (13) aufweist, die das Ende der mehrlagigen Folienumwicklung anzeigt. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Markierung (13) als Streifenmarkierung (Bar-Code), Metallfolie, Lichtreflektionsfolie, Aufkleber oder dergleichen ausgebildet ist. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Plattenstapel (6) auf seinen Seitenflächen (4) Markierungen (13) aufweist, die auf die mehrlagige Folienumwicklung hinweisen. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Folie (8) teil- oder vollflächig mit einem Haftkleber beschichtet ist, um benachbarte Folienstreifen im Überlappungsbereich (10) zu verkleben. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Folie (8) mehrlagig ausgebildet ist, wobei die Folie (8) im Kontaktbereich kalt verschweißend ausgebildet ist. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Plattenstapel (6) Dämmstoffelemente (2) unterschiedliche Dicke aufweist, wobei auf dem oder den Auflagerkörper(n) (7) mehrere dünne Dämmstoffelemente (2) angeordnet sind, auf denen mehrere dickere Dämmstoffelemente (2) gestapelt sind. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf dem bzw. den Auflagerkörper(n) (7) ein erstes, die Breite und die Länge bestimmendes Dämmstoffelement (2) angeordnet ist und dass auf diesem Dämmstoffelement (2) in jeder Lage des Plattenstapels (6) mehrere gegenüber diesem Dämmstoffelement (2) flächenmäßig kleinere Dämmstoffelemente (2) aufgelegt sind, wobei vorzugsweise die gesamte Fläche der kleineren Dämmstoffelemente (2) im wesentlichen mit der Fläche des auf dem bzw. den Auflagekörper(n) (7) aufliegenden Dämmstoffelement (2) übereinstimmt. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 19,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf dem untersten Dämmstoffelement (2) zwei oder vier Dämmstoffelemente (2) eine Lage des Plattenstapels (6) bilden. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 19,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das oberste Dämmstoffelement (2) im Plattenstapel (6) flächenmäßig im wesentlichen mit dem untersten Dämmstoffelement (2) im Plattenstapel (6) übereinstimmt. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 19,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Folie (8) im Bereich von zwei benachbarten Dämmstoffelementen (2) einer Lage des Plattenstapels (6) mehrlagig angeordnet ist. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 19,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auflagekörper (7) im Schwerpunkt der Dämmstoffelemente (2) einer aus zwei oder vier Dämmstoffelemente (2) bestehenden Lage des Plattenstapels (6) angeordnet sind. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 19,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dämmstoffelemente (2) benachbarter Lagen des Plattenstapels (6) quer zur Längsachse des Plattenstapels (6) versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 19,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auflagekörper (7) eine Breite aufweisen, die im wesentlichen der halben Breite der Dämmstoffelemente (2) einer Lage mit zumindest zwei Dämmstoffelementen (2) entspricht. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auflagekörper (7) aus hoch verdichteter Steinwolle, insbesondere aus Steinwollelamellen bestehen. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf der obersten Lage der Dämmstoffelemente (2) und/oder unter der untersten Lage der Dämmstoffelemente (2) und/oder im Mittelbereich des Plattenstapels (6) zumindest eine zugfeste Decklage, vorzugsweise aus Pappe und/oder Folie angeordnet ist. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 27,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Decklage zumindest um einen Teilbereich der Kanten des unter und/oder darüber angeordneten Dämmstoffelementes (2) geführt ist. - Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dämmstoffelemente (2) in der Folie (8) komprimiert sind. - Transportgebinde für die Handhabung von Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheiten für plattenförmige Dämmstoffelemente, insbesondere großformatige Dachdämmplatten, vorzugsweise aus Mineralfasern, insbesondere aus Steinwolle, bestehend aus zumindest einem, vorzugsweise zwei im Abstand zueinander angeordneten Auflagekörpern und einem auf den Auflagekörpern angeordneten Plattenstapel aus einzelnen Dämmstoffelementen, wobei eine Folie zumindest den Plattenstapel wenigstens teilflächig umgibt beispielsweise nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheiten (1) zusammengefasst und mit einer Folie (8) umgeben sowie auf zumindest einem Auflagekörper (7) angeordnet sind. - Verfahren zum Transport von Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheiten für plattenförmige Dämmstoffelemente, insbesondere großformatige Dachdämmplatten, vorzugsweise aus Mineralfasern, insbesondere aus Steinwolle, bestehend aus zumindest einem, vorzugsweise zwei im Abstand zueinander angeordneten Auflagekörpern und einem auf den Auflagekörpern angeordneten Plattenstapel aus einzelnen Dämmstoffelementen, wobei eine Folie zumindest den Plattenstapel wenigstens teilflächig umgibt, beispielsweise von Verpackungs- und Transporteinheiten nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mit einer zumindest eine freie Oberfläche (3) des im Plattenstapel (6) obersten Dämmstoffelementes (2) vollständig abdeckenden Folie (8) ausgebildeten Transport- und/oder Verpackungseinheiten (1) derart auf einem offenen Transportfahrzeug angeordnet werden, dass die an einem Ende in Längsrichtung des Plattenstapels (6) in Abhängigkeit des während des Transports auftretenden Belastungen mehrlagig ausgebildete Folie (8) in Fahrtrichtung ausgerichtet wird, während die Folie (8) in den übrigen Bereichen einlagig mit Überlappungsbereichen (10) angeordnet wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 31,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere, vorzugsweise vier Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheiten (1) zu einem Gebinde zusammengefasst und auf dem Transportfahrzeug mit zumindest einem Spanngurt befestigt werden. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 32,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen den Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheiten (1) und dem bzw. den Spanngurten Winkelelemente aufgelegt werden, die die Kanten der Dämmstoffelemente (2) in den Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheiten (1) gegen Beschädigungen durch die Spanngurte schützen. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 32,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes Gebinde auf Auflagekörpern (7), beispielsweise auf einer Palette angeordnet wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 31,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dämmstoffelemente (2) während des Transports durch den Fahrtwind gekühlt werden. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 31,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Be- und/oder Entladung des Fahrzeugs mit einem Hubstapler und/oder einem Kran durchgeführt wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10127030 | 2001-06-02 | ||
DE10127030 | 2001-06-02 | ||
DE10210411A DE10210411B4 (de) | 2001-06-02 | 2002-03-09 | Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheit für plattenförmige Dämmstoffelemente, Transportgebinde sowie Anordnung von Verpackungs- und/oder Transporteinheiten auf einem offenen Fahrzeug |
DE10210411 | 2002-03-09 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1266842A1 true EP1266842A1 (de) | 2002-12-18 |
EP1266842B1 EP1266842B1 (de) | 2005-09-14 |
Family
ID=26009463
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02010515A Expired - Lifetime EP1266842B1 (de) | 2001-06-02 | 2002-05-10 | Transporteinheit für plattenförmige Dämmstoffelemente |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1266842B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE304487T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50204219D1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK1266842T3 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007014723A1 (de) * | 2005-08-01 | 2007-02-08 | Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll Gmbh & Co. Ohg | Verpackungs- und/oder transporteinheit für plattenförmige dämmstoffelemente |
CN105579360A (zh) * | 2013-09-23 | 2016-05-11 | 洛克威尔国际公司 | 包装和/或运输单元 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202015002005U1 (de) | 2015-03-13 | 2015-04-07 | Baywa Ag | Haltevorrichtung |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE9218320U1 (de) | 1992-06-04 | 1993-12-23 | Rockwool Mineralwolle | Transporteinheit |
WO1998023497A1 (de) * | 1996-11-27 | 1998-06-04 | Deutsche Rockwool | Transporteinheit aus einer mehrzahl von auf auflagekörper gestapelten dämmstoffplatten |
EP0987192A2 (de) * | 1998-09-18 | 2000-03-22 | Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll-GmbH | Transporteinheit für Dämmstoffplatten |
-
2002
- 2002-05-10 AT AT02010515T patent/ATE304487T1/de active
- 2002-05-10 EP EP02010515A patent/EP1266842B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-10 DK DK02010515T patent/DK1266842T3/da active
- 2002-05-10 DE DE50204219T patent/DE50204219D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE9218320U1 (de) | 1992-06-04 | 1993-12-23 | Rockwool Mineralwolle | Transporteinheit |
WO1998023497A1 (de) * | 1996-11-27 | 1998-06-04 | Deutsche Rockwool | Transporteinheit aus einer mehrzahl von auf auflagekörper gestapelten dämmstoffplatten |
EP0987192A2 (de) * | 1998-09-18 | 2000-03-22 | Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll-GmbH | Transporteinheit für Dämmstoffplatten |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007014723A1 (de) * | 2005-08-01 | 2007-02-08 | Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll Gmbh & Co. Ohg | Verpackungs- und/oder transporteinheit für plattenförmige dämmstoffelemente |
CN105579360A (zh) * | 2013-09-23 | 2016-05-11 | 洛克威尔国际公司 | 包装和/或运输单元 |
CN105579360B (zh) * | 2013-09-23 | 2018-02-27 | 洛克威尔国际公司 | 包装和/或运输单元 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK1266842T3 (da) | 2006-01-23 |
DE50204219D1 (de) | 2005-10-20 |
EP1266842B1 (de) | 2005-09-14 |
ATE304487T1 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
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