EP1256335A1 - Verwendung von oligomeren Procyanolidinen - Google Patents
Verwendung von oligomeren Procyanolidinen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1256335A1 EP1256335A1 EP01401190A EP01401190A EP1256335A1 EP 1256335 A1 EP1256335 A1 EP 1256335A1 EP 01401190 A EP01401190 A EP 01401190A EP 01401190 A EP01401190 A EP 01401190A EP 1256335 A1 EP1256335 A1 EP 1256335A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- oligomeric
- oil
- procyanolidinen
- opc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009637 wintergreen oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940071566 zinc glycinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UOXSXMSTSYWNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-aminoacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].NCC([O-])=O.NCC([O-])=O UOXSXMSTSYWNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/13—Coniferophyta (gymnosperms)
- A61K36/15—Pinaceae (Pine family), e.g. pine or cedar
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/73—Rosaceae (Rose family), e.g. strawberry, chokeberry, blackberry, pear or firethorn
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/77—Sapindaceae (Soapberry family), e.g. lychee or soapberry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/82—Theaceae (Tea family), e.g. camellia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/87—Vitaceae or Ampelidaceae (Vine or Grape family), e.g. wine grapes, muscadine or peppervine
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
- A61K8/4973—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only hetero atom
- A61K8/498—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with oxygen as the only hetero atom having 6-membered rings or their condensed derivatives, e.g. coumarin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
- A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
- A61K8/9755—Gymnosperms [Coniferophyta]
- A61K8/9767—Pinaceae [Pine family], e.g. pine or cedar
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
- A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
- A61K8/9783—Angiosperms [Magnoliophyta]
- A61K8/9789—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/005—Preparations for sensitive skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/06—Preparations for care of the skin for countering cellulitis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/08—Anti-ageing preparations
Definitions
- the invention is in the field of cosmetics and relates to the use of oligomeric Procyanolidinen for the production of skin treatment products, especially Products that counteract skin aging.
- UV-A rays in human cells generate reactive oxygen species ("ROS") and are therefore significantly responsible for the effect of skin aging.
- ROS reactive oxygen species
- certain antioxidants occurring in the natural metabolism such as, for example, flavins, porphyrins, pterins, but also NADH and NADPH, can react with these ROSs and thus to a certain extent counteract the harmful effects of the radicals [Cosmétologie, 11 , 32. 36 (1996)].
- MMPs matrix metalloproteinases
- MMPs matrix metalloproteases
- OPC Procyanolodine
- Flavonoids Another group of substances associated with the inhibition of MMP are called, the so-called “oligomers Procyanolodine” (OPC) and Flavonoids, which were first isolated in 1947 by Masquellier from Vitis vinbifera. Masquellier also recognized for the first time the property of the OPC to be able to intercept radicals [US 4,698,360]. In fact, OPCs do not directly inhibit MMP but protect Collagen and elastin fibers before the attack of the proteinases. In the investigations of Robert et al.
- proanthocyanidin A2 from Vitis vinifera is an effective Antioxidants for both hydrophilic and lipophilic radicals represents a moderate Elastase inhibition, while the property of inhibiting collagenase, is more likely are weak. [J.Med.Esth.Et Chir. 10, 211-217 (1993)].
- the object of the present invention has therefore been, substances with the to provide the complex requirement profile described.
- the invention relates to the use of oligomeric Procyanolidinen (OPC) for Production of skin treatment agents, especially of so-called “antiageing" products, which counteract skin aging.
- OPC oligomeric Procyanolidinen
- the invention includes the recognition that both the OPC and especially the dimeric A2 forms possess these properties, as well as enriched products, as they are made special fruits, seeds, plants and parts of plants by extraction can. In some cases, these extracts give even better results achieved because they still contain bioactive agents that sometimes synergistically effective are.
- the first oligomeric Procyanolidine were isolated from Masquellier from grape seeds. They contain as monomer building blocks the widespread tannins in the plant kingdom. From a chemical point of view, two types of tannins can be distinguished, namely condensed forms, which also include procyanidin A2, and hydrolyzable tannins. Condensed tannins, also referred to as flavolans, are formed in the biosynthesis by condensation of monomers, such as catechin, gallocatechin, afzelechin (2-R, 3-S type monomers) as well as epicatechin, epigallocatechin and epiafzelechin (2-R, 3 R type monomers).
- the A2-type proanthocyanidins are less susceptible to hydrolysis than the B-types. Furthermore this term is used synonymously for the group of condensed tannins, as these split off monomers under the influence of hot mineral acids.
- the proanthocyanidins can basically be synthetic, but from a practical point of view preferably enrichment products with an effective amount of OPC or A2 dimers in question, by extraction of certain fruits, seeds, or plants Plant parts can be obtained.
- the sources are especially green tea, Pine bark, grape seed (Vitis vinifera), Litchi pericarp (Litchi chinensis) and Potentille (Potentille erecta) and their mixtures into consideration.
- the effective amount used is - based on pure OPC - usually in the range of 0.0001 to 1, preferably 0.001 to 0.5 and in particular 0.01 to 0.1 wt .-%.
- the preparation of the extracts can be carried out in a manner known per se, i. for example by aqueous, alcoholic or aqueous-alcoholic extract of the plants or Plant parts.
- suitable conventional extraction methods like the Maceration, the remainder, the digestion, the movement maceration, the Spinal Extraction, Ultrasonic Extraction, Countercurrent Extraction, Percolation, Repercolation, evacuation (extraction under reduced pressure), diaclation and Solid-liquid extraction under continuous reflux in a Soxhlet extractor is carried out, which are familiar to the expert and in principle all applicable, is the For simplicity, for example, Hager's Handbook of Pharmaceutical Practice, (5. Edition, Vol. 2, pp.
- the extraction with methanol, ethanol, pentane, hexane, Heptane, acetone, propylene glycols, polyethylene glycols and ethyl acetate, and mixtures from this and their aqueous mixtures.
- the extraction usually takes place at 20 to 100 ° C, preferably at 30 to 90 ° C, especially at 60 to 80 ° C.
- a preferred Embodiment carried out the extraction under inert gas atmosphere to avoid the Oxidation of the active ingredients of the extract. This is especially true in extractions Temperatures above 40 ° C are important.
- the extraction times are determined by the person skilled in the art Dependence on the starting material, the extraction process, the extraction temperature, from the ratio of solvent to raw material u.a. set.
- the obtained crude extracts optionally further conventional steps, such as Purification, concentration and / or decolorization are subjected. If desirable, For example, the extracts thus prepared can be subjected to a selective separation of individual undesirable ingredients.
- the present invention includes the insight that the Extraction conditions and the yields of the final extracts from the expert yes after desired application can be selected.
- the extracts can also serve as starting materials for the recovery of the above pure active substances, provided that these are not made synthetically easier and cheaper can. Accordingly, the active ingredient content in the extracts may be 5 to 100, preferably 50 to 95 wt .-% amount.
- the extracts themselves may be aqueous and / or organic Solvents dissolved preparations and as spray- or freeze-dried, anhydrous Solids are present.
- organic solvents come in this context for example, the aliphatic alcohols having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (e.g., ethanol), Ketones (e.g., acetone), halohydrocarbons (e.g., chloroform or methylene chloride), lower esters or polyols (e.g., glycerin or glycols).
- the skin treatment agents obtainable using the OPC according to the invention may be used as other auxiliaries and additives mild surfactants, oil, emulsifiers, Pearlescent waxes, bodying agents, thickeners, superfatting agents, stabilizers, Polymers, silicone compounds, fats, waxes, lecithins, phospholipids, biogenic agents, UV protection factors, antioxidants, deodorants, antiperspirants, film formers, Swelling agents, insect repellents, self-tanner, tyrosine inhibitors (Depigmenting agents), hydrotropes, solubilizers, preservatives, perfume oils, Dyes and the like included.
- mild surfactants oil, emulsifiers, Pearlescent waxes, bodying agents, thickeners, superfatting agents, stabilizers, Polymers, silicone compounds, fats, waxes, lecithins, phospholipids, biogenic agents, UV protection factors, antioxidants, deodorants, antiperspirants, film formers, Swell
- surfactants anionic, nonionic, cationic and / or be contained amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants, their share of the means usually at about 1 to 70, preferably 5 to 50 and in particular 10 to 30 wt .-% is.
- anionic surfactants are soaps, alkylbenzenesulfonates, Alkanesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfonates, glycerol ether sulfonates, ⁇ -methyl ester sulfonates, Sulfo fatty acids, alkyl sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, Glycerol ether sulfates, fatty acid ether sulfates, hydroxy mixed ether sulfates, Monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, fatty acid amide (ether) sulfates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinates, Mono- and dialkylsulfosuccinamates, sulfotriglycerides, amide soaps, ether carboxylic acids and their salts, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinates,
- anionic Surfactants contain polyglycol ether chains, these may be a conventional, preferably however, have a narrow homolog distribution.
- Typical examples of nonionic Surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, Fatty acid polyglycol esters, fatty acid amide polyglycol ethers, fatty amine polyglycol ethers, alkoxylated Triglycerides, mixed ethers or mixed formals, optionally partially oxidized Alk (en) yloligoglycosides or glucuronic acid derivatives, fatty acid N-alkylglucamides, Protein hydrolysates (in particular vegetable products based on wheat), Polyol fatty acid esters, sugar esters, sorbitan esters, polysorbates and amine oxides.
- nonionic surfactants polyglycol ether chains
- these can be a conventional, but preferably have a narrow homolog distribution.
- Typical examples of cationic surfactants are quaternary ammonium compounds, such as the Dimethyl distearyl ammonium chloride, and ester quats, especially quaternized Fettklaretrialkanolaminestersalze.
- Typical examples of amphoteric or zwitterionic Surfactants are alkylbetaines, alkylamidobetaines, aminopropionates, aminoglycinates, Imidazolinium betaines and sulfobetaines. The surfactants mentioned are exclusively around known compounds.
- especially skin-friendly surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates, mono- and / or Dialkyl sulfosuccinates, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acid taurides, Fatty acid glutamates, ⁇ -olefinsulfonates, ether carboxylic acids, alkyl oligoglucosides, Fatty acid glucamides, alkylamidobetaines, amphoacetals and / or protein fatty acid condensates, the latter preferably based on wheat proteins.
- oil bodies are Guerbet alcohols based on fatty alcohols having 6 to 18, preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms, esters of linear C 6 -C 22 fatty acids with linear or branched C 6 -C 22 fatty alcohols or esters of branched C 6 -C 13 -carboxylic acids with linear or branched C 6 -C 22 -fatty alcohols, such as myristyl myristate, myristyl palmitate, myristyl stearate, Myristylisostearat, myristyl, Myristylbehenat, Myristylerucat, cetyl myristate, cetyl palmitate, cetyl stearate, Cetylisostearat, cetyl oleate, cetyl behenate, Cetylerucat, Stearylmyristat, stearyl palmitate, stearyl stearate , Stearylisostearat, stearyl oleate, ste
- esters of linear C 6 -C 22 -fatty acids with branched alcohols in particular 2-ethylhexanol
- esters of C 18 -C 38 -alkylhydroxycarboxylic acids with linear or branched C 6 -C 22 -fatty alcohols are suitable (compare DE 19756377 A1), in particular dioctyl malates, esters of linear and / or branched fatty acids with polyhydric alcohols (such as propylene glycol, dimerdiol or trimer triol) and / or Guerbet alcohols, triglycerides based on C 6 -C 10 fatty acids, liquid mono- / di- / triglyceride mixtures based on of C 6 -C 18 fatty acids, esters of C 6 -C 22 fatty alcohols and / or Guerbet alcohols with aromatic carboxylic acids, in particular benzoic acid, esters of C 2 -C 12 dicarboxylic acids with linear or
- the addition products of ethylene oxide and / or of propylene oxide to fatty alcohols, fatty acids, alkylphenols or castor oil are known, commercially available products. These are mixtures of homologues whose mean degree of alkoxylation corresponds to the ratio of the amounts of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and substrate, with which the addition reaction is carried out corresponds.
- C 12/18 fatty acid mono- and diesters of addition products of ethylene oxide with glycerol are known from DE 2024051 PS as refatting agents for cosmetic preparations.
- Alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides their preparation and their use are made known in the art. Their preparation is carried out in particular by implementation of glucose or oligosaccharides with primary alcohols of 8 to 18 Carbon atoms. With respect to the glycoside, it is true that both monoglycosides, in where a cyclic sugar residue is glycosidically linked to the fatty alcohol, as well oligomeric glycosides having a degree of oligomerization of preferably about 8 suitable are. The degree of oligomerization is a statistical mean, the one for such technical products is based on the usual homolog distribution.
- Typical examples of suitable partial glycerides are hydroxystearic acid monoglyceride, Hydroxystearic acid diglyceride, isostearic acid monoglyceride, isostearic acid diglyceride, Oleic acid monoglyceride, oleic acid diglyceride, ricinoleic acid glyceride, ricinoleic acid diglyceride, Linoleic acid monoglyceride, linoleic acid diglyceride, linolenic acid monoglyceride, Linolenic acid diglyceride, erucic acid monoglyceride, erucic acid diglyceride, Tartaric acid glyceride, tartaric acid diglyceride, citric acid monoglyceride, Citric diglyceride, malic acid monoglyceride, malic acid diglyceride and their technical Mixtures subordinated to the manufacturing process still small amounts May contain triglyceride. Also suitable are addition products from 1 to 30,
- the sorbitan esters are sorbitan monoisostearate, sorbitan sesquiisostearate, sorbitan diisostearate, Sorbitan triisostearate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan dioleate, Sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan monoerucate, sorbitan sesquierucate, sorbitan butucate, Sorbitan trierucate, sorbitan monoricinoleate, sorbitan squiricinoleate, sorbitan dianicinoleate, Sorbitan triricinoleate, sorbitan monohydroxystearate, sorbitan sesquihydroxystearate, Sorbitan dihydroxystearate, sorbitan trihydroxystearate, sorbitan monotartrate, Sorbitan sesqui tartrate, sorbitan dandristrate, sorbitan tritartrate, sorbitan monocitrate,
- polyglycerol esters are polyglyceryl-2 Dipolyhydroxystearates (Dehymuls® PGPH), polyglycerol-3-diisostearates (Lameform® TGI), polyglyceryl-4 isostearates (Isolan® GI 34), polyglyceryl-3 oleates, diisostearoyl Polyglyceryl-3 diisostearate (Isolan® PDI), polyglyceryl-3 methylglucose distearate (Tego Care® 450), Polyglyceryl-3 Beeswax (Cera Bellina®), Polyglyceryl-4 Caprate (Polyglycerol caprate T2010 / 90), polyglyceryl-3 cetyl ether (Chimexane® NL), Polyglyceryl-3 distearate (Cremophor® GS 32) and polyglyceryl polyricinoleate (Admul® WO 1403) polyglyceryl dimerate isost
- examples for other suitable polyol esters are optionally with 1 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide reacted mono-, di- and triesters of trimethylolpropane or pentaerythritol with Lauric acid, coconut fatty acid, tallow fatty acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, Behenic acid and the like.
- Typical anionic emulsifiers are aliphatic fatty acids having 12 to 22 Carbon atoms, such as palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid, and dicarboxylic acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, such as azelaic acid or sebacic acid.
- zwitterionic surfactants can be used as emulsifiers.
- Zwitterionic surfactants are those surface-active compounds which carry at least one quaternary ammonium group and at least one carboxylate and one sulfonate group in the molecule.
- Particularly suitable zwitterionic surfactants are the so-called betaines such as N-alkyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinates, for example cocoalkyldimethylammonium glycinate, N-acylaminopropyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinates, for example cocoacylaminopropyldimethylammonium glycinate, and 2-alkyl-3-carboxylmethyl-3 -hydroxyethylimidazolines each having 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl or acyl group and cocoacylaminoethylhydroxyethylcarboxymethylglycinate.
- betaines such as N-alkyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinates, for example cocoalkyldimethylammonium glycinate, N-acylaminopropyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinates, for example cocoacyla
- fatty acid amide derivative known under the CTFA name Cocamidopropyl Betaine .
- ampholytic surfactants are surface-active compounds which, in addition to a C 8/18 alkyl or acyl group, contain at least one free amino group and at least one -COOH or -SO3H group and are capable of forming inner salts.
- ampholytic surfactants are N-alkylglycines, N-alkylpropionic acids, N-alkylaminobutyric acids, N-alkyliminodipropionic acids, N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropylglycines, N-alkyltaurines, N-alkylsarcosines, 2-alkylaminopropionic acids and alkylaminoacetic acids each having about 8 to 18 C-atoms in the alkyl group.
- Particularly preferred ampholytic surfactants are N-cocoalkylaminopropionate, cocoacylaminoethylaminopropionate and C 12/18 -acylsarcosine.
- cationic surfactants are also suitable as emulsifiers, those of the esterquat type, preferably methyl-quaternized difatty acid triethanolamine ester salts, being particularly preferred.
- Typical examples of fats are glycerides, i. solid or liquid vegetable or animal Products consisting essentially of mixed glycerol esters of higher fatty acids, as waxes come u.a. natural waxes, e.g. Candelilla Wax, Carnauba Wax, Japan wax, esparto wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, rice germ oil wax, Sugar cane wax, ouricury wax, montan wax, beeswax, shellac wax, spermaceti, Lanolin (wool wax), raffia fat, ceresin, ozokerite (earth wax), petrolatum, paraffin waxes, Microcrystalline waxes; chemically modified waxes (hard waxes), e.g.
- Natural lecithins are called the cephalins, which are also called phosphatidic acids and derivatives of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoric acids.
- phospholipids are usually understood as meaning mono- and preferably diesters
- the phosphoric acid with glycerol (glycerophosphates), which is generally calculated to the fats become.
- sphingosines or sphingolipids are also suitable.
- Suitable pearlescing waxes are, for example: alkylene glycol esters, especially ethylene glycol; Fatty acid alkanolamides, especially coconut fatty acid diethanolamide; Partial glycerides, especially stearic acid monoglyceride; Esters of polyvalent, optionally hydroxy-substituted carboxylic acids with fatty alcohols having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, especially long-chain esters of tartaric acid; Fatty substances, such as fatty alcohols, Fatty ketones, fatty aldehydes, fatty ethers and fatty carbonates, which in total amount to at least 24 Having carbon atoms, especially laurone and distearyl ether; Fatty acids like Stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid or behenic acid, ring-opening products of Olefin epoxides having 12 to 22 carbon atoms with fatty alcohols having 12 to 22 Carbon atoms and / or polyols having 2 to 15 carbon atoms and 2 to 10 Hydr
- the consistency factors used are primarily fatty alcohols or hydroxy fatty alcohols with 12 to 22 and preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms and in addition partial glycerides, fatty acids or hydroxy fatty acids into consideration. Preferred is a combination of these substances with Alkyl oligoglucosides and / or fatty acid N-methylglucamiden same chain length and / or Polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxy stearates.
- Suitable thickeners are, for example Aerosil types (hydrophilic silicas), polysaccharides, especially xanthan gum, guar guar, Agar-agar, alginates and tyloses, carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxyethyl and Hydroxypropylcellulose, also higher molecular weight polyethylene glycol mono- and diesters of Fatty acids, polyacrylates, (e.g., Carbopole® and Pemulen types from Goodrich; Synthalene® from Sigma; Keltrol grades from Kelco; Sepiolite types from Seppic; Salcare types from Allied Colloids), polyacrylamides, polymers, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- Aerosil types hydrophilic silicas
- polysaccharides especially xanthan gum, guar guar, Agar-agar, alginates and tyloses, carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxyethyl and Hydroxypropylcellulose, also higher molecular weight poly
- Bentone® Gel VS-5PC (Rheox) proved which is a mixture of cyclopentasiloxane, disteardimonium hectorite and Propylene carbonate is.
- surfactants such as, for example, ethoxylated Fatty acid glycerides, esters of fatty acids with polyols such as pentaerythritol or Trimethylol propane, fatty alcohol ethoxylates with narrow homolog distribution or Alkyl oligoglucosides and electrolytes such as sodium chloride and ammonium chloride.
- substances such as lanolin and lecithin, as well as polyethoxylated or acylated lanolin and lecithin derivatives, polyol fatty acid esters, Monoglycerides and fatty acid alkanolamides are used, the latter being simultaneously serve as foam stabilizers.
- metal salts of fatty acids e.g. Magnesium, aluminum and / or Zinc stearate or ricinoleate can be used.
- Suitable cationic polymers are, for example, cationic cellulose derivatives, e.g. a quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose, sold under the name Polymer JR 400® of Amerchol is available, cationic starch, copolymers of diallylammonium salts and Acrylamides, quaternized vinylpyrrolidone / vinylimidazole polymers, e.g.
- Luviquat® condensation products of polyglycols and amines, quaternized Collagen polypeptides such as lauryldimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed collagen (Lamequat®L / Grünau), quaternized wheat polypeptides, polyethyleneimine, cationic Silicone polymers, e.g. Amodimethicones, copolymers of adipic acid and Dimethylaminohydroxypropyldiethylenetriamine (Cartaretine® / Sandoz), copolymers of Acrylic acid with dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (Merquat® 550 / Chemviron), Polyaminopolyamides, e.g.
- cationic chitin derivatives such as quaternized Chitosan, optionally distributed microcrystalline, condensation products Dihaloalkylene, e.g. Dibromobutane with bis-dialkylamines, e.g. Bis-dimethylamino-1,3-propane, cationic guar gum, such as e.g. Jaguar® CBS, Jaguar® C-17, Jaguar® C-16's Celanese, quaternized ammonium salt polymers, e.g. Mirapol® A-15, Mirapol® AD-1, Mirapol® AZ-1 from Miranol.
- Dihaloalkylene e.g. Dibromobutane with bis-dialkylamines, e.g. Bis-dimethylamino-1,3-propane
- cationic guar gum such as e.g. Jaguar® CBS, Jaguar® C-17, Jaguar® C-16's Celanese
- quaternized ammonium salt polymers e.g
- anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric and nonionic polymers are vinyl acetate / crotonic acid copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acrylate copolymers, vinyl acetate / butyl maleate / isobornyl acrylate copolymers, methyl vinyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymers and their esters, uncrosslinked polyols crosslinked with polyols, acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride / acrylate -Copolymers, octylacrylamide / methyl methacrylate / tert.Butylaminoethylmethacrylat / 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone / dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate / vinylcaprolactam terpolymers
- Suitable silicone compounds are, for example, dimethylpolysiloxanes, methylphenylpolysiloxanes, cyclic silicones and amino, fatty acid, alcohol, polyether, epoxy, fluorine, glycoside and / or alkyl-modified silicone compounds which may be both liquid and resin-form at room temperature.
- simethicones which are mixtures of dimethicones having an average chain length of from 200 to 300 dimethylsiloxane units and hydrogenated silicates.
- UV sunscreen and antioxidants UV sunscreen and antioxidants
- UV-A filter in particular derivatives of benzoylmethane in question, such as for example, 1- (4'-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (4'-methoxyphenyl) propane-1,3-dione, 4-tert-butyl-4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane (Parsol® 1789), 1-phenyl-3- (4'-isopropylphenyl) -propane-1,3-dione as well as enamine compounds as described in DE 19712033 A1 (BASF).
- the UV-A and Of course, UV-B filters can also be used in mixtures.
- Especially favorable combinations consist of the derivatives of benzoylmethane, e.g.
- insoluble photoprotective pigments namely finely dispersed metal oxides or salts
- suitable metal oxides are in particular zinc oxide and titanium dioxide and, in addition, oxides of iron, zirconium, silicon, manganese, aluminum and cerium and mixtures thereof.
- salts silicates (talc), barium sulfate or zinc stearate can be used.
- the oxides and salts are used in the form of the pigments for skin-care and skin-protecting emulsions and decorative cosmetics.
- the particles should have an average diameter of less than 100 nm, preferably between 5 and 50 nm and in particular between 15 and 30 nm.
- the pigments may have a spherical shape, but it is also possible to use those particles which have an ellipsoidal or otherwise deviating shape from the spherical shape.
- the pigments can also be surface-treated, ie hydrophilized or hydrophobized. Typical examples are coated titanium dioxides, such as titanium dioxide T 805 (Degussa) or Eusolex® T2000 (Merck). Suitable hydrophobic coating agents are in particular silicones and in particular trialkoxyoctylsilanes or simethicones. In sunscreens, so-called micro- or nanopigments are preferably used. Preferably, micronized zinc oxide is used. Further suitable UV photoprotective filters are the review by P.Finkel in S ⁇ FW-Journal 122 , 543 (1996) and Parf.Kosm. 3 , 11 (1999).
- secondary light stabilizers of the antioxidant type which interrupt the photochemical reaction chain which is triggered when UV radiation penetrates into the skin.
- Typical examples are amino acids (eg glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan) and their derivatives, imidazoles (eg urocaninic acid) and their derivatives, peptides such as D, L-carnosine, D-carnosine, L-carnosine and their derivatives (eg anserine) , Carotenoids, carotenes (eg ⁇ -carotene, ⁇ -carotene, lycopene) and their derivatives, chlorogenic acid and its derivatives, lipoic acid and its derivatives (eg dihydrolipoic acid), aurothioglucose, propylthiouracil and other thiols (eg thioredoxin, glutathione, cysteine, cystine, Cy
- biogenic active substances examples include tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, Tocopherol palmitate, ascorbic acid, (deoxy) ribonucleic acid and their Fragmentation products, ⁇ -glucans, retinol, bisabolol, allantoin, phytantriol, panthenol, AHA acids, amino acids, ceramides, pseudoceramides, essential oils, plant extracts, such as. Prunus extract, Bambaranussex Exercise and vitamin complexes to understand.
- deodorants counteract, cover up body odors or eliminate them. Body odors are caused by the action of skin bacteria apocrine sweat, forming unpleasant-smelling degradation products. Accordingly, deodorants contain active substances which act as germ-inhibiting agents, Enzyme inhibitors, odor absorbers or odor maskers act.
- esterase inhibitors are suitable as enzyme inhibitors.
- This is it preferably trialkyl citrates such as trimethyl citrate, tripropyl citrate, Triisopropyl citrate, tributyl citrate, and especially triethyl citrate (Hydagen® CAT).
- the Substances inhibit enzyme activity and thereby reduce odors.
- esterase inhibitors are sterol sulphates or phosphates such as lanosterol, cholesterol, campesterin, stigmasterol and Sitosterol sulfate or phosphate, dicarboxylic acids and their esters, such as Glutaric acid, glutaric acid monoethyl ester, diethyl glutarate, adipic acid, Adipic acid monoethyl ester, diethyl adipate, malonic acid and Diethyl malonate, hydroxycarboxylic acids and their esters such as Citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid or diethyl tartrate, and zinc glycinate.
- dicarboxylic acids and their esters such as Glutaric acid, glutaric acid monoethyl ester, diethyl glutarate, adipic acid, Adipic acid monoethyl ester, diethyl adipate, malonic acid and Diethyl malonate
- Suitable odor absorbers are substances which absorb odor-forming compounds and can largely hold on. They lower the partial pressure of the individual Components and thus also reduce their propagation speed. It's important, that while perfumes must remain unaffected. Odor absorbers have none Efficacy against bacteria. They contain, for example, as a main component complex zinc salt of ricinoleic acid or special, largely odorless Perfumes that are known to those skilled in the art as "fixatives", such. B. extracts of Labdanum or Styrax or certain abietic acid derivatives. As an odor masker Fragrances or perfume oils, which in addition to their function as Odor maskers give the deodorants their respective scent. As perfume oils Examples include mixtures of natural and synthetic fragrances.
- Natural fragrances are extracts of flowers, stems and leaves, fruits, Fruit peels, roots, woods, herbs and grasses, needles and twigs as well Resins and balms. Furthermore, animal raw materials come into question, such as for example, Civet and Castoreum.
- Typical synthetic fragrance compounds are Products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are known e.g.
- Ethern for example, benzyl ethyl ether, to the aldehydes e.g.
- the linear alkanals with 8 to 18 Carbon atoms citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, Hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, to the ketones e.g. the Jonone and Methylcedryl ketone, to the alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, isoeugenol, geraniol, Linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol belong to the hydrocarbons mainly the terpenes and balms. However, mixtures are preferred various fragrances are used, which together create an appealing fragrance produce.
- perfume oils e.g. Sage oil, camomile oil, clove oil, Lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, lime blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, Oliban oil, galbanum oil, labdanum oil and lavandin oil.
- bergamot oil Dihydromyrcenol, Lilial, Lyral, Citronellol, Phenylethylalcohol, ⁇ -Hexylcinnamaldehyde, Geraniol, benzylacetone, cyclamenaldehyde, linalool, Boisambrene Forte, Ambroxan, Indole, hedione, sandelice, lemon oil, tangerine oil, orange oil, allylamyl glycolate, Cyclovertal, Lavandin oil, Muscat sage oil, ⁇ -Damascone, Bourbon geranium oil, Cyclohexyl salicylate, Vertofix Coeur, Iso-E-Super, Fixolide NP, Evernyl, Iraldeine gamma, Phenylacetic acid, geranyl acetate, benzyl acetate, rose oxide, romilate, irotyl and floramate used alone or in
- Usual water-soluble additives are e.g. Preservatives, water-soluble fragrances, pH adjusters, e.g. Buffer mixtures, water-soluble thickeners, e.g. water-soluble natural or synthetic polymers such as e.g. Xanthan gum, hydroxyethyl cellulose, Polyvinylpyrrolidone or high molecular weight polyethylene oxides.
- Common film formers are, for example, chitosan, microcrystalline chitosan, quaternized chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymers, Acrylic acid polymers, quaternary cellulose derivatives, collagen, hyaluronic acid or their salts and similar compounds.
- Suitable swelling agents for aqueous phases are montmorillonites, clay minerals, pemulen and alkyl-modified carbopol types (Goodrich). Further suitable polymers or swelling agents can be reviewed by R. Lochhead in Cosm.Toil. 108 , 95 (1993).
- Insect repellents are N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide, 1,2-pentanediol or ethyl Butylacetylaminopropionate in question
- Prevent melanin and find use in depigmenting agents come for example, arbutin, ferulic acid, kojic acid, coumaric acid and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in question.
- Suitable preservatives are, for example, phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde solution, Parabens, pentanediol or sorbic acid and those under the name Surfacine® known silver complexes and in Appendix 6, Part A and B of the Cosmetics Regulation listed further substance classes.
- Natural fragrances are extracts of flowers (lily, lavender, roses, jasmine, neroli, ylang-ylang), Stems and leaves (geranium, patchouli, petitgrain), fruits (anise, coriander, Caraway, juniper), fruit peel (bergamot, lemon, oranges), roots (macis, Angelica, celery, cardamom, costus, iris, calmus), wood (pine, sandal, guaiac, Cedar, rosewood), herbs and grasses (tarragon, lemongrass, sage, thyme), needles and branches (spruce, fir, pine, pines), resins and balsams (Galbanum, Elemi, Benzoin, Myrrh, Olibanum, Opoponax).
- Typical synthetic fragrance compounds are Products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are known e.g.
- Ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, to the aldehydes e.g.
- the linear alkanals of 8 to 18 carbon atoms citral, Citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and Bourgeonal, to the ketones e.g. the Jonone, ⁇ -isomethylionone and Methylcedrylketon, too the alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, isoeugenol, geraniol, linalool, Phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, the hydrocarbons include mainly Terpenes and balms. However, mixtures of different fragrances are preferred used, which together create an appealing scent.
- perfume oils lower volatility which are mostly used as aroma components, are suitable as Perfume oils, e.g. Sage oil, camomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, Lime blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, oliban oil, galbanum oil, labolanum oil and Lavender oil.
- Perfume oils e.g. Sage oil, camomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, Lime blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, oliban oil, galbanum oil, labolanum oil and Lavender oil.
- bergamot oil dihydromyrcenol, lilial, lyral, citronellol, Phenylethyl alcohol, ⁇ -hexyl cinnamaldehyde, geraniol, benzylacetone, cyclamenaldehyde, linalool, Boisambrene Forte, Ambroxan, Indole, Hedione, Sandelice, Citron, Tangerine, Orange oil, allylamyl glycolate, cyclovertal, lavandin oil, muscat sage oil, ⁇ -damascone, Geranium oil Bourbon, Cyclohexyl salicylate, Vertofix Coeur, Iso-E-Super, Fixolide NP, Evernyl, Iraldeine gamma, phenylacetic acid, geranyl acetate, benzyl acetate, rose oxide, romilllate, irotyl and Floramat alone or in mixture
- peppermint oil peppermint oil, spearmint oil, aniseed oil, star aniseed oil, Caraway oil, eucalyptus oil, fennel oil, lemon oil, wintergreen oil, clove oil, menthol and like that in question.
- Dyes which may be suitable for cosmetic purposes and approved substances can be used, as described for example in the publication "Cosmetic Dyes” of Dye Commission of the Irish Klastician, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1984, pp. 81-106. Examples are Kochillerot A (C.I. 16255), Patent Blue V (C.I.42051), indigotine (C.I.73015), chlorophyllin (C.I.75810), quinoline yellow (C.I.47005), titanium dioxide (C.I.77891), indanthrene blue RS (C.I. 69800) and cracker paint (C.I.58000). As a luminescent dye and luminol may be included. These dyes are usually in concentrations of 0.001 to 0.1 wt .-%, based on the entire mixture, used.
- the total amount of auxiliaries and additives may be 1 to 50, preferably 5 to 40 wt .-% - based on the average amount.
- the preparation of the agent can by conventional cold or Hot processes take place; It is preferable to work according to the phase inversion temperature method.
- OPC-containing extracts are antioxidant Possess activity that is well above that of tocopherol and BHT and in the same Magnitude as vitamin C lies.
- the OPC have one in the absence of EDTA particularly high potential for quenching hydroxyl ions, thereby demonstrating that they form stable iron complexes. After all, they have a strong potential that Reduction of BT by superoxide anions to prevent.
- UV-A was therefore chosen as a stress factor, as the rays penetrate into the dermis and cause there above all a lipoperoxation of the cytoplasmic membranes.
- MDA malonaldialdehyde
- MDA malonaldialdehyde
- a fibroblast culture with fetal calf serum was prepared and inoculated 2 days later with the test substances.
- UVB was selected as a stressor because the rays induce cutaneous inflammation (erythema, edema) by activating arachidonic acid releasing enzymes, such as phospholipase A2 (PLA2).
- PHA2 phospholipase A2
- the preparation of the keratinocyte cultures was carried out as already described under B).
- the amount of radiation this time was 50 mJ / cm2.
- the amount of keratinocytes after trypsination was determined by means of a cell counter, which determines the LDH concentration enzymatically.
- the results are summarized in Table 3.
- the activity in% -rel against a standard is given as the mean of two double-test series. Effect against UV-B rays Ex. test product Conc.
- the polymorphonuclear neutrophils become Granulocytes or macrophages released into skin proteases, such as collagenase.
- the proteases because of their content of central zinc ions also as matrix metallo proteases (MMP) - catalyze the fragmentation as already mentioned of connective tissue proteins.
- MMP matrix metallo proteases
- Collagenase inhibition was bacterial collagenase (clostridium histolyticum) on gelatin used as a natural medium which is labeled with fluorochrome (FITC, Calbiochem) was. The incubation time was 60 min at 20 ° C, the hydrolysis of the substrate was over followed by fluorescence at 393 nm (excitation at 328 nm). The results are in Table 4 summarized. The collagenase inhibition is given in%.
- MMP inhibition was also investigated biochemically.
- the synthetic substrate used was MCA-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dpa-Ala-Arg-NH2.
- MMP inhibition 13% (0.005 wt% concentration) to 95% (0.1 wt%) was noted.
- Collagenase inhibition Ex. test product Concentration% (w / v) 0.1 0.03 0.01 13 Green tea extract 100 76 ⁇ 7 47 14 Pine bark extract 90 50 ⁇ 1 18 15 Grape seed extract 100 55 ⁇ 2 53 ⁇ 2 16 Litchi extract 89 ⁇ 4 15 ⁇ 2 16 ⁇ 0
- the ability of Litchi extract to reduce the toxic influence of UVA rays was investigated.
- the in vitro system was a culture of dermal fibroblasts, which determined the release of MMP-1 from these fibroblasts under the influence of UV radiation.
- the preparation of the nutrient solution, the cultivation and the damage was carried out analogously to B).
- the determination of the MMP was carried out with a kit which is commercially available under the name RPN2610 from the company Amersham.
- the results are summarized in Table 5. Indicated is the amount of MMP in ng / ml from a triplicate test series.
- MMP inhibition Ex. test product Conc. Wt .-% MMP without UVA with UVA control 49 + 9 199 + 25 17 Litchi extract 0.0006 60 + 20 140 + 17 18 Litchi extract 0,003 82 + 11 164 ⁇ 8
- leucocytes such as the polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes (PMN)
- PMN polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes
- peptides such as cytokines
- messenger agents such as leukotrienes
- ROS such as superoxide and hypochlorite anions
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Abstract
Vorgeschlagen wird die Verwendung von oligomeren Procyanolidinen (OPC) zur Herstellung von Hautbehandlungsmitteln.
Description
Die Erfindung befindet sich auf dem Gebiet der Kosmetik und betrifft die Verwendung von
oligomeren Procyanolidinen zur Herstellung von Hautbehandlungsprodukten, speziell
Produkten, die der Hautalterung entgegenwirken.
Vermutlich nicht erst seit den Zeiten Kleopatras, von der bekannt ist, dass sie regelmäßige
Bäder in Eselsmilch zu nehmen pflegte, besteht der Wunsch, die Frische und Schönheit
jugendlicher Haut bis ins hohe Alter zu konservieren. Waren die Ansätze in der
Vergangenheit eher auf die Hautoberfläche beschränkt und vielfach rein empirisch, haben
die letzten beiden Jahrzehnte doch viele Erkenntnisse über den Einfluss von Umweltfaktoren
und deren Eingriff in den Stoffwechsel erbracht. Dieses Verständnis der Abläufe wird heute -
und in voraussichtlich in Zukunft noch in viel stärkerem Masse - dazu genutzt, neue Wege
zu beschreiten, um der Hautalterung konsequent entgegenzuwirken, um - wer weiß ? -
vielleicht eines Tages Kleopatras Ziel endlich zu erreichen.
Bis dahin ist es jedoch noch ein weiter Weg und es gilt sich mit den Umweltfaktoren
auseinander zusetzen, die darauf die wesentlichen Hindernisse bilden. Bekannt ist natürlich,
dass UV-A-Strahlen in menschlichen Zellen reaktive Sauerstoffradikale ("reactive oxygen
species" = ROS) erzeugen und daher maßgeblich für den Effekt der Hautalterung
verantwortlich sind. Dem Fachmann ist weiterhin geläufig, dass bestimmte im natürlichen
Stoffwechsel vorkommende Antioxidantien, wie beispielsweise Flavine, Porphyrine, Pterine,
aber auch NADH und NADPH mit diesen ROS abreagieren und damit in gewissem Umfang
den schädlichen Wirkungen der Radikale entgegenwirken können [Cosmètologie, 11, 32-36
(1996)].
Neben dieser primären Wirkung gibt es auch einen sekundären Effekt, den UV-Strahlen
vorzugsweise in älteren Zellen auslösen. So berichten Gedaleta et al. in Biochimie, 80(10),
863-870 (1998) über einen durch ROS induzierten Anstieg der Aktivität in den
Mitochondrien, die zu einem übermäßigen Ausstoß an sogenannten Matrix-Metallo-Proteinasen
(MMP), insbesondere von zinkhaltigen Collagenasen, Gelatinasen und
Stromelysin führt. MMP haben aber die Eigenschaft, die der dermalen Makromoleküle des
Bindegewebes, wie Proteoglycan, Collagen und Elastin anzugreifen, die Peptidbindungen zu
lösen und damit ebenfalls ursächlich zur Hautalterung beizutragen. Auch bei
inflammatorischen Prozessen in der Haut werden von den Makrophagen und von
polymorphonuclearen neutrophilen Granulocyten Proteasen wie z.B. die Serin-Protease
Elastase oder Matrix-Metallo-Proteasen (MMP) wie Collagenase und eine weitere, zu den
MMP gehörende Elastin abbauende Elastase ausgeschüttet.
Ein gangbarer Weg, diesen Effekten entgegenzuwirken besteht somit darin, die
Konzentration natürlicher, im Stoffwechsel ohnehin vorhandener MMP-Inhibitoren
heraufzusetzen bzw. synthetische MMP-Inhibitoren zuzugeben. Beispiele hierfür sind etwa
Cystein, TIMP (tissue inhibitor of matrix proteinase), o-Phenanthrolin oder Hydroxamsäure.
Tiefer in den Mechanismus der MMP dringen die Untersuchungen von Fisher et al
[J.Clin.Invest. 101, 1432-1440 (1998); Nature 379, 335-339 (1996)] vor, die den Einsatz
solchen Stoffen vorschlagen, die der UV-B-gesteuerten Aktivierung des AP-1
entgegenwirken. So konnte beispielsweise gezeigt werden, dass Retinolsäure und
Dexamethason den AP-1 Transkriptionsfaktor unterdrücken, der für die Stimulation des
MMP-Gens verantwortlich ist.
Eine weitere Gruppe von Stoffen, die im Zusammenhang mit der Inhibierung von MMP
genannt werden, stellen die sogenannten "Oligomeren Procyanolodine" (OPC) und
Flavonoide dar, die 1947 erstmals von Masquellier aus Vitis vinbifera isoliert wurden.
Masquellier erkannte auch erstmals die Eigenschaft der OPC, Radikale abfangen zu können
[US 4,698,360]. Tatsächlich inhibieren die OPC zwar nicht direkt die MMP, schützen aber
Kollagen- und Elastinfasern vor dem Angriff der Proteinasen. In den Untersuchungen von
Robert et al. wurde gezeigt, dass das Proanthocyanidin A2 aus Vitis vinifera ein wirksames
Antioxidants sowohl für hydrophile als auch lipophile Radikale darstellt, über eine moderate
Elastaseinhibierung verfügt, während die Eigenschaft, Collagenase zu inhibieren, eher
schwach ausgeprägt sind. [J.Med.Esth.Et Chir. 10, 211-217 (1993)].
Nun wäre es jedoch falsch, das Phänomen der Hautalterung allein an der MMP-Aktivität
aufzuhängen. Tatsächlich gibt es bedauerlicherweise eine Vielzahl weiterer Faktoren, wie
beispielsweise der Einfluss von Wasserstoffperoxid, der zum Zerfall von Fe-S-Clustern in den
Enzymen der mitochondrialen Atmungskette führt. Die dabei freigesetzten Eisenionen
wandern in das Cytoplasma und können Hydroxylradikale freisetzen, wobei dies entweder im
Sinne einer Fenton'schen Reaktion direkt aus H2O2 oder als Haber-Weiss-Reaktion über den
Umweg der Bildung des Superoxidanions erfolgt.
Diese kleine Übersicht soll verdeutlichen, dass dem Effekt der Hautalterung nicht durch ein
"Allheilmittel" beizukommen ist, welches eine einzelne Störgröße zuverlässig ausschaltet.
Gesucht sind vielmehr solche Stoffe, die über ein breites Spektrum von Wirkungen verfügen
und somit möglichst viele Ursachen gleichzeitig bekämpfen. Ein solcher Stoff sollte z.B.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung hat folglich darin bestanden, Stoffe mit dem
beschriebenen komplexen Anforderungsprofil zur Verfügung zu stellen.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist die Verwendung von oligomeren Procyanolidinen (OPC) zur
Herstellung von Hautbehandlungsmitteln, speziell von sogenannten "Antiageing"-Produkten,
die der Hautalterung entgegenwirken.
Überraschenderweise wurde gefunden, dass OPC, und speziell die dimeren A2-Formen, der
Hautalterung entgegenzuwirken, indem sie gleichzeitig
Die Erfindung schließt die Erkenntnis ein, dass sowohl die OPC und speziell die dimeren A2-Formen
diese Eigenschaften besitzen, als auch angereicherte Produkte, wie sie aus
speziellen Früchten, Saaten, Pflanzen und Pflanzenteilen durch Extraktion gewonnen werden
können. In einigen Fällen werden mit diesen Extrakten sogar noch bessere Ergebnisse
erzielt, da diese noch bioaktive Wirkstoffe beinhalten, die mitunter synergistisch wirksam
sind.
Die ersten oligomeren Procyanolidine wurden von Masquellier aus Traubensaaten isoliert. Sie
enthalten als Monomerbausteine die im Pflanzenreich weit verbreiteten Tannine. Chemisch
betrachtet können zwei Typen von Tanninen unterschieden werden, nämlich kondensierte
Formen zu denen auch das Procyanidin A2 gehört, und hydrolysierbare Tannine.
Kondensierte Tannine, die auch als Flavolane bezeichnet werden, entstehen in der
Biosynthese durch Kondensation von Monomeren, wie z.B. Catechin, Gallocatechin,
Afzelechin (2-R, 3-S Typ Monomere) sowie Epicatechin, Epigallocatechin und Epiafzelechin
(2-R, 3-R Typ Monomere). Durch Kondensation der Monomeren entstehen zunächst Dimere
und dann höhere Oligomere, wobei die Kondensation durch Ausbildung einer C-C-Bindung in
4-8 bzw. 6-8-Position erfolgt. Im Fall der bevorzugten A2-Dimere vom Typ des
Proanthocyanidin A2 gibt es eine doppelte Bindung, nämlich C2->O->C7 und C4->C8. Die
Struktur ist in der folgenden Abbildung wiedergegeben:
Die A2-Typ Proanthocyanidine sind weniger hydrolyseanfällig als die B-Typen. Im übrigen
wird dieser Begriff synonym für die Gruppe der kondensierten Tannine verwendet, da diese
unter dem Einfluss heißer Mineralsäuren Monomere abspalten. Die Proanthocyanidine
können grundsätzlich synthetischer Natur sein, aus praktischer Sicht kommen jedoch
vorzugsweise Anreicherungsprodukte mit einer wirksamen Menge der OPC bzw. A2-Dimeren
in Frage, die durch Extraktion von bestimmten Früchten, Saaten, Pflanzen oder
Pflanzenteilen gewonnen werden können. Als Quellen kommen insbesondere Grüner Tee,
Pinienrinde, Traubensaat (Vitis vinifera), Litchi pericarp (Litchi chinensis) und Potentille
(Potentille erecta) sowie deren Gemische in Betracht. Die wirksame Einsatzmenge liegt -
bezogen auf reines OPC - üblicherweise im Bereich von 0,0001 bis 1, vorzugsweise 0,001 bis
0,5 und insbesondere 0,01 bis 0,1 Gew.-%.
Die Herstellung der Extrakte kann in an sich bekannter Weise erfolgen, d.h. beispielsweise
durch wässrigen, alkoholischen oder wässrig-alkoholischen Auszug der Pflanzen bzw.
Pflanzenteile. Bezüglich der geeigneten herkömmlichen Extraktionsverfahren wie der
Mazeration, der Remazeration, der Digestion, der Bewegungsmazeration, der
Wirbelextraktion, Ultraschallextraktion, der Gegenstromextraktion, der Perkolation, der
Reperkolation, der Evakolation (Extraktion unter vermindertem Druck), der Diakolation und
Festflüssig-Extraktion unter kontinuierlichem Rückfluss die in einem Soxhlet-Extraktor
durchgeführt wird, die dem Fachmann geläufig und im Prinzip alle anwendbar sind, sei der
Einfachheit halber beispielsweise auf Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, (5.
Auflage, Bd. 2, S. 1026-1030, Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New-York 1991) verwiesen.
Für den großtechnischen Einsatz vorteilhaft ist die Perkolationsmethode. Als
Ausgangsmaterial können frische Pflanzen oder Pflanzenteile eingesetzt werden,
üblicherweise wird jedoch von getrockneten Pflanzen und/oder Pflanzenteilen ausgegangen,
die vor der Extraktion mechanisch zerkleinert werden können. Hierbei eignen sich alle dem
Fachmann bekannten Zerkleinerungsmethoden, als Beispiel sei die Gefriermahlung genannt.
Als Lösungsmittel für die Durchführung der Extraktionen können organische Lösungsmittel,
Wasser (vorzugsweise heißes Wasser einer Temperatur von über 80 °C und insbesondere
von über 95 °C) oder Gemische aus organischen Lösungsmitteln und Wasser, insbesondere
niedermolekulare Alkohole mit mehr oder weniger hohen Wassergehalten, verwendet
werden. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Extraktion mit Methanol, Ethanol, Pentan, Hexan,
Heptan, Aceton, Propylenglykolen, Polyethylenglykolen sowie Ethylacetat sowie Mischungen
hieraus sowie deren wässrige Gemische. Die Extraktion erfolgt in der Regel bei 20 bis
100 °C, bevorzugt bei 30 bis 90 °C, insbesondere bei 60 bis 80 °C. In einer bevorzugten
Ausführungsform erfolgt die Extraktion unter Inertgasatmosphäre zur Vermeidung der
Oxidation der Wirkstoffe des Extraktes. Dies ist insbesondere bei Extraktionen bei
Temperaturen über 40 °C von Bedeutung. Die Extraktionszeiten werden vom Fachmann in
Abhängigkeit vom Ausgangsmaterial, dem Extraktionsverfahren, der Extraktionstemperatur,
vom Verhältnis Lösungsmittel zu Rohstoff u.a. eingestellt. Nach der Extraktion können die
erhaltenen Rohextrakte gegebenenfalls weiteren üblichen Schritten, wie beispielsweise
Aufreinigung, Konzentration und/oder Entfärbung unterzogen werden. Falls wünschenswert,
können die so hergestellten Extrakte beispielsweise einer selektiven Abtrennung einzelner
unerwünschter Inhaltsstoffe, unterzogen werden. Die Extraktion kann bis zu jedem
beliebigen Extraktionsgrad erfolgen, wird aber gewöhnlich bis zur Erschöpfung durchgeführt.
Typische Ausbeuten (= Trockensubstanzmenge des Extraktes bezogen auf eingesetzte
Rohstoffmenge) bei der Extraktion getrockneter Blätter liegen im Bereich von 3 bis 15,
insbesondere 6 bis 10 Gew.-%. Die vorliegenden Erfindung umfasst die Erkenntnis, dass die
Extraktionsbedingungen sowie die Ausbeuten der Endextrakte vom Fachmann ja nach
gewünschtem Einsatzgebiet gewählt werden können. Diese Extrakte, die in der Regel
Aktivsubstanzgehalte (= Feststoffgehalte) im Bereich von 0,5 bis 10 Gew.-% aufweisen,
können als solche eingesetzt werden, es ist jedoch ebenfalls möglich, das Lösungsmittel
durch Trocknung, insbesondere durch Sprüh- oder Gefriertrocknung vollständig zu
entfernen, wobei ein intensiv rot gefärbter Feststoff zurückbleibt. Die Extrakte können auch
als Ausgangsstoffe für die Gewinnung der oben genannten reinen Wirkstoffe dienen, sofern
diese nicht auf synthetischem Wege einfacher und kostengünstiger hergestellt werden
können. Demzufolge kann der Wirkstoffgehalt in den Extrakten 5 bis 100, vorzugsweise 50
bis 95 Gew.-% betragen. Die Extrakte selbst können als wässrige und/oder in organischen
Solventien gelöste Zubereitungen sowie als sprüh- bzw. gefriergetrocknete, wasserfreie
Feststoffe vorliegen. Als organische Lösungsmittel kommen in diesem Zusammenhang
beispielsweise die aliphatischen Alkohole mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen (z.B. Ethanol),
Ketone (z.B. Aceton), Halogenkohlenwasserstoffe (z.B. Chloroform oder Methylenchlorid),
niedere Ester oder Polyole (z.B. Glycerin oder Glycole) in Frage.
Die unter erfindungsgemäßer Verwendung der OPC erhältlichen Hautbehandlungsmittel
können als weitere Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffe milde Tenside, Ölkörper, Emulgatoren,
Perlglanzwachse, Konsistenzgeber, Verdickungsmittel, Überfettungsmittel, Stabilisatoren,
Polymere, Siliconverbindungen, Fette, Wachse, Lecithine, Phospholipide, biogene Wirkstoffe,
UV-Lichtschutzfaktoren, Antioxidantien, Deodorantien, Antitranspirantien, Filmbildner,
Quellmittel, Insektenrepellentien, Selbstbräuner, Tyrosininhibitoren
(Depigmentierungsmittel), Hydrotrope, Solubilisatoren, Konservierungsmittel, Parfümöle,
Farbstoffe und dergleichen enthalten.
Als oberflächenaktive Stoffe können anionische, nichtionische, kationische und/oder
amphotere bzw. zwitterionische Tenside enthalten sein, deren Anteil an den Mitteln
üblicherweise bei etwa 1 bis 70, vorzugsweise 5 bis 50 und insbesondere 10 bis 30 Gew.-%
beträgt. Typische Beispiele für anionische Tenside sind Seifen, Alkylbenzolsulfonate,
Alkansulfonate, Olefinsulfonate, Alkylethersulfonate, Glycerinethersulfonate, α-Methylestersulfonate,
Sulfofettsäuren, Alkylsulfate, Fettalkoholethersulfate,
Glycerinethersulfate, Fettsäureethersulfate, Hydroxymischethersulfate,
Monoglycerid(ether)sulfate, Fettsäureamid(ether)sulfate, Mono- und Dialkylsulfosuccinate,
Mono- und Dialkylsulfosuccinamate, Sulfotriglyceride, Amidseifen, Ethercarbonsäuren und
deren Salze, Fettsäureisethionate, Fettsäuresarcosinate, Fettsäuretauride, N-Acylaminosäuren,
wie beispielsweise Acyllactylate, Acyltartrate, Acylglutamate und
Acylaspartate, Alkyloligoglucosidsulfate, Proteinfettsäurekondensate (insbesondere
pflanzliche Produkte auf Weizenbasis) und Alkyl(ether)phosphate. Sofern die anionischen
Tenside Polyglycoletherketten enthalten, können diese eine konventionelle, vorzugsweise
jedoch eine eingeengte Homologenverteilung aufweisen. Typische Beispiele für nichtionische
Tenside sind Fettalkoholpolyglycolether, Alkylphenolpolyglycolether,
Fettsäurepolyglycolester, Fettsäureamidpolyglycolether, Fettaminpolyglycolether, alkoxylierte
Triglyceride, Mischether bzw. Mischformale, gegebenenfalls partiell oxidierte
Alk(en)yloligoglykoside bzw. Glucoronsäurederivate, Fettsäure-N-alkylglucamide,
Proteinhydrolysate (insbesondere pflanzliche Produkte auf Weizenbasis),
Polyolfettsäureester, Zuckerester, Sorbitanester, Polysorbate und Aminoxide. Sofern die
nichtionischen Tenside Polyglycoletherketten enthalten, können diese eine konventionelle,
vorzugsweise jedoch eine eingeengte Homologenverteilung aufweisen. Typische Beispiele für
kationische Tenside sind quartäre Ammoniumverbindungen, wie beispielsweise das
Dimethyldistearylammoniumchlorid, und Esterquats, insbesondere quaternierte
Fettsäuretrialkanolaminestersalze. Typische Beispiele für amphotere bzw. zwitterionische
Tenside sind Alkylbetaine, Alkylamidobetaine, Aminopropionate, Aminoglycinate,
Imidazoliniumbetaine und Sulfobetaine. Bei den genannten Tensiden handelt es sich
ausschließlich um bekannte Verbindungen. Hinsichtlich Struktur und Herstellung dieser Stoffe
sei auf einschlägige Übersichtsarbeiten beispielsweise J.Falbe (ed.), "Surfactants in
Consumer Products", Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1987, S. 54-124 oder J.Falbe (ed.),
"Katalysatoren, Tenside und Mineralöladditive", Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1978, S. 123-217
verwiesen. Typische Beispiele für besonders geeignete milde, d.h. besonders
hautverträgliche Tenside sind Fettalkoholpolyglycolethersulfate, Monoglyceridsulfate, Monound/oder
Dialkylsulfosuccinate, Fettsäureisethionate, Fettsäuresarcosinate, Fettsäuretauride,
Fettsäureglutamate, α-Olefinsulfonate, Ethercarbonsäuren, Alkyloligoglucoside,
Fettsäureglucamide, Alkylamidobetaine, Amphoacetale und/oder Proteinfettsäurekondensate,
letztere vorzugsweise auf Basis von Weizenproteinen.
Als Ölkörper kommen beispielsweise Guerbetalkohole auf Basis von Fettalkoholen mit 6 bis
18, vorzugsweise 8 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen, Ester von linearen C6-C22-Fettsäuren mit
linearen oder verzweigten C6-C22-Fettalkoholen bzw. Ester von verzweigten C6-C13-Carbonsäuren
mit linearen oder verzweigten C6-C22-Fettalkoholen, wie z.B. Myristylmyristat,
Myristylpalmitat, Myristylstearat, Myristylisostearat, Myristyloleat, Myristylbehenat,
Myristylerucat, Cetylmyristat, Cetylpalmitat, Cetylstearat, Cetylisostearat, Cetyloleat,
Cetylbehenat, Cetylerucat, Stearylmyristat, Stearylpalmitat, Stearylstearat, Stearylisostearat,
Stearyloleat, Stearylbehenat, Stearylerucat, Isostearylmyristat, Isostearylpalmitat,
Isostearylstearat, Isostearylisostearat, Isostearyloleat, Isostearylbehenat, Isostearyloleat,
Oleylmyristat, Oleylpalmitat, Oleylstearat, Oleylisostearat, Oleyloleat, Oleylbehenat,
Oleylerucat, Behenylmyristat, Behenylpalmitat, Behenylstearat, Behenylisostearat,
Behenyloleat, Behenylbehenat, Behenylerucat, Erucylmyristat, Erucylpalmitat, Erucylstearat,
Erucylisostearat, Erucyloleat, Erucylbehenat und Erucylerucat. Daneben eignen sich Ester
von linearen C6-C22-Fettsäuren mit verzweigten Alkoholen, insbesondere 2-Ethylhexanol,
Ester von C18-C38-Alkylhydroxycarbonsäuren mit linearen oder verzweigten C6-C22-Fettalkoholen
(vgl. DE 19756377 A1), insbesondere Dioctyl Malate, Ester von linearen
und/oder verzweigten Fettsäuren mit mehrwertigen Alkoholen (wie z.B. Propylenglycol,
Dimerdiol oder Trimertriol) und/oder Guerbetalkoholen, Triglyceride auf Basis C6-C10-Fettsäuren,
flüssige Mono-/Di-/Triglyceridmischungen auf Basis von C6-C18-Fettsäuren, Ester
von C6-C22-Fettalkoholen und/oder Guerbetalkoholen mit aromatischen Carbonsäuren,
insbesondere Benzoesäure, Ester von C2-C12-Dicarbonsäuren mit linearen oder verzweigten
Alkoholen mit 1 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Polyolen mit 2 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen und
2 bis 6 Hydroxylgruppen, pflanzliche Öle, verzweigte primäre Alkohole, substituierte
Cyclohexane, lineare und verzweigte C6-C22-Fettalkoholcarbonate, wie z.B. Dicaprylyl
Carbonate (Cetiol® CC), Guerbetcarbonate auf Basis von Fettalkoholen mit 6 bis 18,
vorzugsweise 8 bis 10 C Atomen, Ester der Benzoesäure mit linearen und/oder verzweigten
C6-C22-Alkoholen (z.B. Finsolv® TN), lineare oder verzweigte, symmetrische oder
unsymmetrische Dialkylether mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen pro Alkylgruppe, wie z.B.
Dicaprylyl Ether (Cetiol® OE), Ringöffnungsprodukte von epoxidierten Fettsäureestern mit
Polyolen, Siliconöle (Cyclomethicone, Siliciummethicontypen u.a.) und/oder aliphatische bzw.
naphthenische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie z.B. wie Squalan, Squalen oder Dialkylcyclohexane in
Betracht.
Als Emulgatoren kommen beispielsweise nichtionogene Tenside aus mindestens einer der
folgenden Gruppen in Frage:
Die Anlagerungsprodukte von Ethylenoxid und/oder von Propylenoxid an Fettalkohole,
Fettsäuren, Alkylphenole oder an Ricinusöl stellen bekannte, im Handel erhältliche
Produkte dar. Es handelt sich dabei um Homologengemische, deren mittlerer
Alkoxylierungsgrad dem Verhältnis der Stoffmengen von Ethylenoxid und/ oder
Propylenoxid und Substrat, mit denen die Anlagerungsreaktion durchgeführt wird,
entspricht. C12/18-Fettsäuremono- und -diester von Anlagerungsprodukten von
Ethylenoxid an Glycerin sind aus DE 2024051 PS als Rückfettungsmittel für kosmetische
Zubereitungen bekannt.
Alkyl- und/oder Alkenyloligoglycoside, ihre Herstellung und ihre Verwendung sind aus
dem Stand der Technik bekannt. Ihre Herstellung erfolgt insbesondere durch Umsetzung
von Glucose oder Oligosacchariden mit primären Alkoholen mit 8 bis 18
Kohlenstoffatomen. Bezüglich des Glycosidrestes gilt, daß sowohl Monoglycoside, bei
denen ein cyclischer Zuckerrest glycosidisch an den Fettalkohol gebunden ist, als auch
oligomere Glycoside mit einem Oligomerisationsgrad bis vorzugsweise etwa 8 geeignet
sind. Der Oligomerisierungsgrad ist dabei ein statistischer Mittelwert, dem eine für
solche technischen Produkte übliche Homologenverteilung zugrunde liegt.
Typische Beispiele für geeignete Partialglyceride sind Hydroxystearinsäuremonoglycerid,
Hydroxystearinsäurediglycerid, Isostearinsäuremonoglycerid, Isostearinsäurediglycerid,
Ölsäuremonoglycerid, Ölsäurediglycerid, Ricinolsäuremoglycerid, Ricinolsäurediglycerid,
Linolsäuremonoglycerid, Linolsäurediglycerid, Linolensäuremonoglycerid,
Linolensäurediglycerid, Erucasäuremonoglycerid, Erucasäurediglycerid,
Weinsäuremonoglycerid, Weinsäurediglycerid, Citronensäuremonoglycerid,
Citronendiglycerid, Äpfelsäuremonoglycerid, Äpfelsäurediglycerid sowie deren technische
Gemische, die untergeordnet aus dem Herstellungsprozeß noch geringe Mengen an
Triglycerid enthalten können. Ebenfalls geeignet sind Anlagerungsprodukte von 1 bis 30,
vorzugsweise 5 bis 10 Mol Ethylenoxid an die genannten Partialglyceride.
Als Sorbitanester kommen Sorbitanmonoisostearat, Sorbitansesquiisostearat, Sorbitandiisostearat,
Sorbitantriisostearat, Sorbitanmonooleat, Sorbitansesquioleat, Sorbitandioleat,
Sorbitantrioleat, Sorbitanmonoerucat, Sorbitansesquierucat, Sorbitandierucat,
Sorbitantrierucat, Sorbitanmonoricinoleat, Sorbitansesquiricinoleat, Sorbitandiricinoleat,
Sorbitantriricinoleat, Sorbitanmonohydroxystearat, Sorbitansesquihydroxystearat,
Sorbitandihydroxystearat, Sorbitantrihydroxystearat, Sorbitanmonotartrat,
Sorbitansesqui-tartrat, Sorbitanditartrat, Sorbitantritartrat, Sorbitanmonocitrat,
Sorbitansesquicitrat, Sorbitandicitrat, Sorbitantricitrat, Sorbitanmonomaleat,
Sorbitansesquimaleat, Sorbitan-dimaleat, Sorbitantrimaleat sowie deren technische
Gemische. Ebenfalls geeignet sind Anlagerungsprodukte von 1 bis 30, vorzugsweise 5
bis 10 Mol Ethylenoxid an die genannten Sorbitanester.
Typische Beispiele für geeignete Polyglycerinester sind Polyglyceryl-2
Dipolyhydroxystearate (Dehymuls® PGPH), Polyglycerin-3-Diisostearate (Lameform®
TGI), Polyglyceryl-4 Isostearate (Isolan® GI 34), Polyglyceryl-3 Oleate, Diisostearoyl
Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate (Isolan® PDI), Polyglyceryl-3 Methylglucose Distearate
(Tego Care® 450), Polyglyceryl-3 Beeswax (Cera Bellina®), Polyglyceryl-4 Caprate
(Polyglycerol Caprate T2010/90), Polyglyceryl-3 Cetyl Ether (Chimexane® NL),
Polyglyceryl-3 Distearate (Cremophor® GS 32) und Polyglyceryl Polyricinoleate (Admul®
WOL 1403) Polyglyceryl Dimerate Isostearate sowie deren Gemische. Beispiele für
weitere geeignete Polyolester sind die gegebenenfalls mit 1 bis 30 Mol Ethylenoxid
umgesetzten Mono-, Di- und Triester von Trimethylolpropan oder Pentaerythrit mit
Laurinsäure, Kokosfettsäure, Talgfettsäure, Palmitinsäure, Stearinsäure, Ölsäure,
Behensäure und dergleichen.
Typische anionische Emulgatoren sind aliphatische Fettsäuren mit 12 bis 22
Kohlenstoffatomen, wie beispielsweise Palmitinsäure, Stearinsäure oder Behensäure,
sowie Dicarbonsäuren mit 12 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen, wie beispielsweise Azelainsäure
oder Sebacinsäure.
Weiterhin können als Emulgatoren zwitterionische Tenside verwendet werden. Als
zwitterionische Tenside werden solche oberflächenaktiven Verbindungen bezeichnet, die
im Molekül mindestens eine quartäre Ammoniumgruppe und mindestens eine
Carboxylat- und eine Sulfonatgruppe tragen. Besonders geeignete zwitterionische
Tenside sind die sogenannten Betaine wie die N-Alkyl-N,N-dimethylammoniumglycinate,
beispielsweise das Kokosalkyldimethylammoniumglycinat, N-Acylaminopropyl-N,N-dimethylammonium-glycinate,
beispielsweise das Kokosacylaminopropyldimethylammoniumglycinat,
und 2-Alkyl-3-carboxylmethyl-3-hydroxyethylimidazoline mit jeweils
8 bis 18 C-Atomen in der Alkyl- oder Acylgruppe sowie das
Kokosacylaminoethylhydroxyethylcarboxymethylglycinat. Besonders bevorzugt ist das
unter der CTFA-Bezeichnung Cocamidopropyl Betaine bekannte Fettsäureamid-Derivat.
Ebenfalls geeignete Emulgatoren sind ampholytische Tenside. Unter ampholytischen
Tensiden werden solche oberflächenaktiven Verbindungen verstanden, die außer einer
C8/18-Alkyl- oder Acylgruppe im Molekül mindestens eine freie Aminogruppe und
mindestens eine -COOH- oder -SO3H-Gruppe enthalten und zur Ausbildung innerer Salze
befähigt sind. Beispiele für geeignete ampholytische Tenside sind N-Alkylglycine, N-Alkylpropion-säuren,
N-Alkylaminobuttersäuren, N-Alkyliminodipropionsäuren, N-Hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropylglycine,
N-Alkyltaurine, N-Alkylsarcosine, 2-Alkylaminopropionsäuren
und Alkylaminoessigsäuren mit jeweils etwa 8 bis 18 C-Atomen
in der Alkylgruppe.. Besonders bevorzugte ampholytische Tenside sind das N-Kokosalkylaminopropionat,
das Kokosacylaminoethylaminopropionat und das C12/18-Acylsarcosin.
Schließlich kommen auch Kationtenside als Emulgatoren in Betracht, wobei
solche vom Typ der Esterquats, vorzugsweise methylquaternierte
Difettsäuretriethanolaminester-Salze, besonders bevorzugt sind.
Typische Beispiele für Fette sind Glyceride, d.h. feste oder flüssige pflanzliche oder tierische
Produkte, die im wesentlichen aus gemischten Glycerinestern höherer Fettsäuren bestehen,
als Wachse kommen u.a. natürliche Wachse, wie z.B. Candelillawachs, Carnaubawachs,
Japanwachs, Espartograswachs, Korkwachs, Guarumawachs, Reiskeimölwachs,
Zuckerrohrwachs, Ouricurywachs, Montanwachs, Bienenwachs, Schellackwachs, Walrat,
Lanolin (Wollwachs), Bürzelfett, Ceresin, Ozokerit (Erdwachs), Petrolatum, Paraffinwachse,
Mikrowachse; chemisch modifizierte Wachse (Hartwachse), wie z.B. Montanesterwachse,
Sasolwachse, hydrierte Jojobawachse sowie synthetische Wachse, wie z.B.
Polyalkylenwachse und Polyethylenglycolwachse in Frage. Neben den Fetten kommen als
Zusatzstoffe auch fettähnliche Substanzen, wie Lecithine und Phospholipide in Frage. Unter
der Bezeichnung Lecithine versteht der Fachmann diejenigen Glycero-Phospholipide, die sich
aus Fettsäuren, Glycerin, Phosphorsäure und Cholin durch Veresterung bilden. Lecithine
werden in der Fachwelt daher auch häufig als Phosphatidylcholine (PC). Als Beispiele für
natürliche Lecithine seien die Kephaline genannt, die auch als Phosphatidsäuren bezeichnet
werden und Derivate der 1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycerin-3-phosphorsäuren darstellen. Dem
gegenüber versteht man unter Phospholipiden gewöhnlich Mono- und vorzugsweise Diester
der Phosphorsäure mit Glycerin (Glycerinphosphate), die allgemein zu den Fetten gerechnet
werden. Daneben kommen auch Sphingosine bzw. Sphingolipide in Frage.
Als Perlglanzwachse kommen beispielsweise in Frage: Alkylenglycolester, speziell
Ethylenglycoldistearat; Fettsäurealkanolamide, speziell Kokosfettsäurediethanolamid;
Partialglyceride, speziell Stearinsäuremonoglycerid; Ester von mehrwertigen, gegebenenfalls
hydroxy-substituierte Carbonsäuren mit Fettalkoholen mit 6 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen,
speziell langkettige Ester der Weinsäure; Fettstoffe, wie beispielsweise Fettalkohole,
Fettketone, Fettaldehyde, Fettether und Fettcarbonate, die in Summe mindestens 24
Kohlenstoffatome aufweisen, speziell Lauron und Distearylether; Fettsäuren wie
Stearinsäure, Hydroxystearinsäure oder Behensäure, Ringöffnungsprodukte von
Olefinepoxiden mit 12 bis 22 Kohlenstoffatomen mit Fettalkoholen mit 12 bis 22
Kohlenstoffatomen und/oder Polyolen mit 2 bis 15 Kohlenstoffatomen und 2 bis 10
Hydroxylgruppen sowie deren Mischungen.
Als Konsistenzgeber kommen in erster Linie Fettalkohole oder Hydroxyfettalkohole mit 12 bis
22 und vorzugsweise 16 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen und daneben Partialglyceride, Fettsäuren
oder Hydroxyfettsäuren in Betracht. Bevorzugt ist eine Kombination dieser Stoffe mit
Alkyloligoglucosiden und/oder Fettsäure-N-methylglucamiden gleicher Kettenlänge und/oder
Polyglycerinpoly-12-hydroxystearaten. Geeignete Verdickungsmittel sind beispielsweise
Aerosil-Typen (hydrophile Kieselsäuren), Polysaccharide, insbesondere Xanthan-Gum, Guar-Guar,
Agar-Agar, Alginate und Tylosen, Carboxymethylcellulose und Hydroxyethyl- und
Hydroxypropylcellulose, ferner höhermolekulare Polyethylenglycolmono- und -diester von
Fettsäuren, Polyacrylate, (z.B. Carbopole® und Pemulen-Typen von Goodrich; Synthalene®
von Sigma; Keltrol-Typen von Kelco; Sepigel-Typen von Seppic; Salcare-Typen von Allied
Colloids), Polyacrylamide, Polymere, Polyvinylalkohol und Polyvinylpyrrolidon. Als besonders
wirkungsvoll haben sich auch Bentonite, wie z.B. Bentone® Gel VS-5PC (Rheox) erwiesen,
bei dem es sich um eine Mischung aus Cyclopentasiloxan, Disteardimonium Hectorit und
Propylencarbonat handelt. Weiter in Frage kommen Tenside, wie beispielsweise ethoxylierte
Fettsäureglyceride, Ester von Fettsäuren mit Polyolen wie beispielsweise Pentaerythrit oder
Trimethyfolpropan, Fettalkoholethoxylate mit eingeengter Homologenverteilung oder
Alkyloligoglucoside sowie Elektrolyte wie Kochsalz und Ammoniumchlorid.
Als Überfettungsmittel können Substanzen wie beispielsweise Lanolin und Lecithin sowie
polyethoxylierte oder acylierte Lanolin- und Lecithinderivate, Polyolfettsäureester,
Monoglyceride und Fettsäurealkanolamide verwendet werden, wobei die letzteren
gleichzeitig als Schaumstabilisatoren dienen.
Als Stabilisatoren können Metallsalze von Fettsäuren, wie z.B. Magnesium-, Aluminiumund/oder
Zinkstearat bzw. -ricinoleat eingesetzt werden.
Geeignete kationische Polymere sind beispielsweise kationische Cellulosederivate, wie z.B.
eine quaternierte Hydroxyethylcellulose, die unter der Bezeichnung Polymer JR 400® von
Amerchol erhältlich ist, kationische Stärke, Copolymere von Diallylammoniumsalzen und
Acrylamiden, quaternierte Vinylpyrrolidon/Vinylimidazol-Polymere, wie z.B. Luviquat®
(BASF), Kondensationsprodukte von Polyglycolen und Aminen, quaternierte
Kollagenpolypeptide, wie beispielsweise Lauryldimonium Hydroxypropyl Hydrolyzed Collagen
(Lamequat®L/Grünau), quaternierte Weizenpolypeptide, Polyethylenimin, kationische
Siliconpolymere, wie z.B. Amodimethicone, Copolymere der Adipinsäure und
Dimethylaminohydroxypropyldiethylentriamin (Cartaretine®/Sandoz), Copolymere der
Acrylsäure mit Dimethyl-diallylammoniumchlorid (Merquat® 550/Chemviron),
Polyaminopolyamide, wie z.B. beschrieben in der FR 2252840 A sowie deren vernetzte
wasserlöslichen Polymere, kationische Chitinderivate wie beispielsweise quaterniertes
Chitosan, gegebenenfalls mikrokristallin verteilt, Kondensationsprodukte aus
Dihalogenalkylen, wie z.B. Dibrombutan mit Bisdialkylaminen, wie z.B. Bis-Dimethylamino-1,3-propan,
kationischer Guar-Gum, wie z.B. Jaguar® CBS, Jaguar® C-17, Jaguar® C-16 der
Firma Celanese, quaternierte Ammoniumsalz-Polymere, wie z.B. Mirapol® A-15, Mirapol®
AD-1, Mirapol® AZ-1 der Firma Miranol.
Als anionische, zwitterionische, amphotere und nichtionische Polymere kommen
beispielsweise Vinylacetat/Crotonsäure-Copolymere, Vinylpyrrolidon/Vlnylacrylat-Copolymere,
Vinylacetat/Butylmaleat/ Isobornylacrylat-Copolymere, Methylvlnylether/Maleinsäureanhydrid-Copolymere
und deren Ester, unvernetzte und mit Polyolen vernetzte Polyacrylsäuren,
Acrylamidopropyltrimethylammoniumchlorid/ Acrylat-Copolymere, Octylacrylamid/Methylmeth-acrylat/tert.Butylaminoethylmethacrylat/2-Hydroxypropylmethacrylat-Copolymere,
Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Vlnylpyrrolldon/Vinylacetat-Copolymere, Vinylpyrrolidon/
Dimethylaminoethylmethacrylat/Vinylcaprolactam-Terpolymere sowie gegebenenfalls
derivatisierte Celluloseether und Silicone in Frage. Weitere geeignete Polymere und
Verdickungsmittel sind in Cosm.Toil. 108, 95 (1993) aufgeführt.
Geeignete Siliconverbindungen sind beispielsweise Dimethylpolysiloxane,
Methylphenylpolysiloxane, cyclische Silicone sowie amino-, fettsäure-, alkohol-, polyether-,
epoxy-, fluor-, glykosid- und/oder alkylmodifizierte Siliconverbindungen, die bei
Raumtemperatur sowohl flüssig als auch harzförmig vorliegen können. Weiterhin geeignet
sind Simethicone, bei denen es sich um Mischungen aus Dimethiconen mit einer
durchschnittlichen Kettenlänge von 200 bis 300 Dimethylsiloxan-Einheiten und hydrierten
Silicaten handelt. Eine detaillierte Übersicht über geeignete flüchtige Silicone findet sich
zudem von Todd et al. in Cosm.Toil. 91, 27 (1976).
Unter UV-Lichtschutzfaktoren sind beispielsweise bei Raumtemperatur flüssig oder kristallin
vorliegende organische Substanzen (Lichtschutzfilter) zu verstehen, die in der Lage sind,
ultraviolette Strahlen zu absorbieren und die aufgenommene Energie in Form längerwelliger
Strahlung, z.B. Wärme wieder abzugeben. UVB-Filter können öllöslich oder wasserlöslich
sein. Als öllösliche Substanzen sind z.B. zu nennen:
Als typische UV-A-Filter kommen insbesondere Derivate des Benzoylmethans in Frage, wie
beispielsweise 1-(4'-tert.Butylphenyl)-3-(4'-methoxyphenyl)propan-1,3-dion, 4-tert.-Butyl-4'methoxydibenzoylmethan
(Parsol® 1789), 1-Phenyl-3-(4'-isopropylphenyl)-propan-1,3-dion
sowie Enaminverbindungen, wie beschrieben in der DE 19712033 A1 (BASF). Die UV-A und
UV-B-Filter können selbstverständlich auch in Mischungen eingesetzt werden. Besonders
günstige Kombinationen bestehen aus den Derivate des Benzoylmethans,, z.B. 4-tert.-Butyl-4'-methoxydibenzoylmethan
(Parsol® 1789) und 2-Cyano-3,3-phenylzimtsäure-2-ethylhexylester
(Octocrylene) in Kombination mit Ester der Zimtsäure, vorzugsweise 4-Methoxyzimtsäure-2-ethylhexylester
und/oder 4-Methoxyzimtsäurepropylester und/oder 4-Methoxyzimtsäureisoamylester.
Vorteilhaft werden deartige Kombinationen mit
wasserlöslichen Filtern wie z.B. 2-Phenylbenzimidazol-5-sulfonsäure und deren Alkali-,
Erdalkali-, Ammonium-, Alkylammonium-, Alkanolammonium- und Glucammoniumsalze
kombiniert.
Neben den genannten löslichen Stoffen kommen für diesen Zweck auch unlösliche
Lichtschutzpigmente, nämlich feindisperse Metalloxide bzw. Salze in Frage. Beispiele für
geeignete Metalloxide sind insbesondere Zinkoxid und Titandioxid und daneben Oxide des
Eisens, Zirkoniums, Siliciums, Mangans, Aluminiums und Cers sowie deren Gemische. Als
Salze können Silicate (Talk), Bariumsulfat oder Zinkstearat eingesetzt werden. Die Oxide und
Salze werden in Form der Pigmente für hautpflegende und hautschützende Emulsionen und
dekorative Kosmetik verwendet. Die Partikel sollten dabei einen mittleren Durchmesser von
weniger als 100 nm, vorzugsweise zwischen 5 und 50 nm und insbesondere zwischen 15 und
30 nm aufweisen. Sie können eine sphärische Form aufweisen, es können jedoch auch
solche Partikel zum Einsatz kommen, die eine ellipsoide oder in sonstiger Weise von der
sphärischen Gestalt abweichende Form besitzen. Die Pigmente können auch
oberflächenbehandelt, d.h. hydrophilisiert oder hydrophobiert vorliegen. Typische Beispiele
sind gecoatete Titandioxide, wie z.B. Titandioxid T 805 (Degussa) oder Eusolex® T2000
(Merck). Als hydrophobe Coatingmittel kommen dabei vor allem Silicone und dabei speziell
Trialkoxyoctylsilane oder Simethicone in Frage. In Sonnenschutzmitteln werden bevorzugt
sogenannte Mikro- oder Nanopigmente eingesetzt. Vorzugsweise wird mikronisiertes
Zinkoxid verwendet. Weitere geeignete UV-Lichtschutzfilter sind der Übersicht von P.Finkel in
SÖFW-Journal 122, 543 (1996) sowie Parf.Kosm. 3, 11 (1999) zu entnehmen.
Neben den beiden vorgenannten Gruppen primärer Lichtschutzstoffe können auch sekundäre
Lichtschutzmittel vom Typ der Antioxidantien eingesetzt werden, die die photochemische
Reaktionskette unterbrechen, welche ausgelöst wird, wenn UV-Strahlung in die Haut
eindringt. Typische Beispiele hierfür sind Aminosäuren (z.B. Glycin, Histidin, Tyrosin,
Tryptophan) und deren Derivate, Imidazole (z.B. Urocaninsäure) und deren Derivate, Peptide
wie D,L-Carnosin, D-Carnosin, L-Carnosin und deren Derivate (z.B. Anserin), Carotinoide,
Carotine (z.B. α-Carotin, β-Carotin, Lycopin) und deren Derivate, Chlorogensäure und deren
Derivate, Liponsäure und deren Derivate (z.B. Dihydroliponsäure), Aurothioglucose,
Propylthiouracil und andere Thiole (z.B. Thioredoxin, Glutathion, Cystein, Cystin, Cystamin
und deren Glycosyl-, N-Acetyl-, Methyl-, Ethyl-, Propyl-, Amyl-, Butyl- und Lauryl-, Palmitoyl-,
Oleyl-, γ-Linoleyl-, Cholesteryl- und Glycerylester) sowie deren Salze, Dilaurylthiodipropionat,
Distearylthiodipropionat, Thiodipropionsäure und deren Derivate (Ester, Ether, Peptide,
Lipide, Nukleotide, Nukleoside und Salze) sowie Sulfoximinverbindungen (z.B.
Buthioninsulfoximine, Homocysteinsulfoximin, Butioninsulfone, Penta-, Hexa-,
Heptathioninsulfoximin) in sehr geringen verträglichen Dosierungen (z.B. pmol bis µmol/kg),
ferner (Metall)-Chelatoren (z.B. α-Hydroxyfettsäuren, Palmitinsäure, Phytinsäure,
Lactoferrin), α-Hydroxysäuren (z.B. Citronensäure, Milchsäure, Äpfelsäure), Huminsäure,
Gallensäure, Gallenextrakte, Bilirubin, Biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA und deren Derivate,
ungesättigte Fettsäuren und deren Derivate (z.B. γ-Linolensäure, Linolsäure, Ölsäure),
Folsäure und deren Derivate, Ubichinon und Ubichinol und deren Derivate, Vitamin C und
Derivate (z.B. Ascorbylpalmitat, Mg-Ascorbylphosphat, Ascorbylacetat), Tocopherole und
Derivate (z.B. Vitamin-E-acetat), Vitamin A und Derivate (Vitamin-A-palmitat) sowie
Koniferylbenzoat des Benzoeharzes, Rutinsäure und deren Derivate, α-Glycosylrutin,
Ferulasäure, Furfurylidenglucitol, Carnosin, Butylhydroxytoluol, Butylhydroxyanisol,
Nordihydroguajakharzsäure, Nordihydroguajaretsäure, Trihydroxybutyrophenon, Harnsäure
und deren Derivate, Mannose und deren Derivate, Superoxid-Dismutase, Zink und dessen
Derivate (z.B. ZnO, ZnSO4) Selen und dessen Derivate (z.B. Selen-Methionin), Stilbene und
deren Derivate (z.B. Stilbenoxid, trans-Stilbenoxid) und die erfindungsgemäß geeigneten
Derivate (Salze, Ester, Ether, Zucker, Nukleotide, Nukleoside, Peptide und Lipide) dieser
genannten Wirkstoffe.
Unter biogenen Wirkstoffen sind beispielsweise Tocopherol, Tocopherolacetat,
Tocopherolpalmitat, Ascorbinsäure, (Desoxy)Ribonucleinsäure und deren
Fragmentierungsprodukte, β-Glucane, Retinol, Bisabolol, Allantoin, Phytantriol, Panthenol,
AHA-Säuren, Aminosäuren, Ceramide, Pseudoceramide, essentielle Öle, Pflanzenextrakte,
wie z.B. Prunusextrakt, Bambaranussextrakt und Vitaminkomplexe zu verstehen.
Kosmetische Deodorantien (Desodorantien) wirken Körpergerüchen entgegen, überdecken
oder beseitigen sie. Körpergerüche entstehen durch die Einwirkung von Hautbakterien auf
apokrinen Schweiß, wobei unangenehm riechende Abbauprodukte gebildet werden.
Dementsprechend enthalten Deodorantien Wirkstoffe, die als keimhemmende Mittel,
Enzyminhibitoren, Geruchsabsorber oder Geruchsüberdecker fungieren.
Als keimhemmende Mittel sind grundsätzlich alle gegen grampositive Bakterien
wirksamen Stoffe geeignet, wie z. B. 4-Hydroxybenzoesäure und ihre Salze und Ester,
N-(4-Chlorphenyl)-N '-(3,4 dichlorphenyl)harnstoff, 2,4,4'-Trichlor-2'-hydroxydiphenylether
(Triclosan), 4-Chlor-3,5-dimethyl-phenol, 2,2'-Methylen-bis(6-brom-4-chlorphenol),
3-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-phenol, 2-Benzyl-4-chlorphenol, 3-(4-Chlorphenoxy)-1,2-propandiol,
3-Iod-2-propinylbutylcarbamat, Chlorhexidin, 3,4,4'-Trichlorcarbanilid
(TTC), antibakterielle Riechstoffe, Thymol, Thymianöl, Eugenol,
Nelkenöl, Menthol, Minzöl, Farnesol, Phenoxyethanol, Glycerinmonocaprinat,
Glycerinmonocaprylat, Glycerinmonolaurat (GML), Diglycerinmonocaprinat (DMC),
Salicylsäure-N-alkylamide wie z. B. Salicylsäure-n-octylamid oder Salicylsäure-ndecylamid.
Als Enzyminhibitoren sind beispielsweise Esteraseinhibitoren geeignet. Hierbei handelt es
sich vorzugsweise um Trialkylcitrate wie Trimethylcitrat, Tripropylcitrat,
Triisopropylcitrat, Tributylcitrat und insbesondere Triethylcitrat (Hydagen® CAT). Die
Stoffe inhibieren die Enzymaktivität und reduzieren dadurch die Geruchsbildung. Weitere
Stoffe, die als Esteraseinhibitoren in Betracht kommen, sind Sterolsulfate oder -
phosphate, wie beispielsweise Lanosterin-, Cholesterin-, Campesterin-, Stigmasterinund
Sitosterinsulfat bzw -phosphat, Dicarbonsäuren und deren Ester, wie beispielsweise
Glutarsäure, Glutarsäuremonoethylester, Glutarsäurediethylester, Adipinsäure,
Adipinsäuremonoethylester, Adipinsäurediethylester, Malonsäure und
Malonsäurediethylester, Hydroxycarbonsäuren und deren Ester wie beispielsweise
Citronensäure, Äpfelsäure, Weinsäure oder Weinsäurediethylester, sowie Zinkglycinat.
Als Geruchsabsorber eignen sich Stoffe, die geruchsbildende Verbindungen aufnehmen
und weitgehend festhalten können. Sie senken den Partialdruck der einzelnen
Komponenten und verringern so auch ihre Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit. Wichtig ist, daß
dabei Parfums unbeeinträchtigt bleiben müssen. Geruchsabsorber haben keine
Wirksamkeit gegen Bakterien. Sie enthalten beispielsweise als Hauptbestandteil ein
komplexes Zinksalz der Ricinolsäure oder spezielle, weitgehend geruchsneutrale
Duftstoffe, die dem Fachmann als "Fixateure" bekannt sind, wie z. B. Extrakte von
Labdanum bzw. Styrax oder bestimmte Abietinsäurederivate. Als Geruchsüberdecker
fungieren Riechstoffe oder Parfümöle, die zusätzlich zu ihrer Funktion als
Geruchsüberdecker den Deodorantien ihre jeweilige Duftnote verleihen. Als Parfümöle
seien beispielsweise genannt Gemische aus natürlichen und synthetischen Riechstoffen.
Natürliche Riechstoffe sind Extrakte von Blüten, Stengeln und Blättern, Früchten,
Fruchtschalen, Wurzeln, Hölzern, Kräutern und Gräsern, Nadeln und Zweigen sowie
Harzen und Balsamen. Weiterhin kommen tierische Rohstoffe in Frage, wie
beispielsweise Zibet und Castoreum. Typische synthetische Riechstoffverbindungen sind
Produkte vom Typ der Ester, Ether, Aldehyde, Ketone, Alkohole und Kohlenwasserstoffe.
Riechstoffverbindungen vom Typ der Ester sind z.B. Benzylacetat, p-tert.-Butylcyclohexylacetat,
Linalylacetat, Phenylethylacetat, Linalylbenzoat, Benzylformiat,
Allylcyclohexylpropionat, Styrallylpropionat und Benzylsalicylat. Zu den Ethern zählen
beispielsweise Benzylethylether, zu den Aldehyden z.B. die linearen Alkanale mit 8 bis 18
Kohlenstoffatomen, Citral, Citronellal, Citronellyloxyacetaldehyd, Cyclamenaldehyd,
Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial und Bourgeonal, zu den Ketonen z.B. die Jonone und
Methylcedrylketon, zu den Alkoholen Anethol, Citronellol, Eugenol, Isoeugenol, Geraniol,
Linalool, Phenylethylalkohol und Terpineol, zu den Kohlenwasserstoffen gehören
hauptsächlich die Terpene und Balsame. Bevorzugt werden jedoch Mischungen
verschiedener Riechstoffe verwendet, die gemeinsam eine ansprechende Duftnote
erzeugen. Auch ätherische Öle geringerer Flüchtigkeit, die meist als Aromakomponenten
verwendet werden, eignen sich als Parfümöle, z.B. Salbeiöl, Kamillenöl, Nelkenöl,
Melissenöl, Minzenöl, Zimtblätteröl, Lindenblütenöl, Wacholderbeerenöl, Vetiveröl,
Olibanöl, Galbanumöl, Labdanumöl und Lavandinöl. Vorzugsweise werden Bergamotteöl,
Dihydromyrcenol, Lilial, Lyral, Citronellol, Phenylethylalkohol, α-Hexylzimtaldehyd,
Geraniol, Benzylaceton, Cyclamenaldehyd, Linalool, Boisambrene Forte, Ambroxan,
Indol, Hedione, Sandelice, Citronenöl, Mandarinenöl, Orangenöl, Allylamylglycolat,
Cyclovertal, Lavandinöl, Muskateller Salbeiöl, β-Damascone, Geraniumöl Bourbon,
Cyclohexylsalicylat, Vertofix Coeur, Iso-E-Super, Fixolide NP, Evernyl, Iraldein gamma,
Phenylessigsäure, Geranylacetat, Benzylacetat, Rosenoxid, Romilat, Irotyl und Floramat
allein oder in Mischungen, eingesetzt.
Antitranspirantien (Antiperspirantien) reduzieren durch Beeinflussung der Aktivität der
ekkrinen Schweißdrüsen die Schweißbildung, und wirken somit Achselnässe und
Körpergeruch entgegen. Wässrige oder wasserfreie Formulierungen von
Antitranspirantien enthalten typischerweise folgende Inhaltsstoffe:
Als adstringierende Antitranspirant-Wirkstoffe eignen sich vor allem Salze des Aluminiums,
Zirkoniums oder des Zinks. Solche geeigneten antihydrotisch wirksamen Wirkstoffe sind z.B.
Aluminiumchlorid, Aluminiumchlorhydrat, Aluminiumdichlorhydrat,
Aluminiumsesquichlorhydrat und deren Komplexverbindungen z. B. mit Propylenglycol-1,2.
Aluminiumhydroxyallantoinat, Aluminiumchloridtartrat, Aluminium-Zirkonium-Trichlorohydrat,
Aluminium-Zirko-nium-tetrachlorohydrat, Aluminium-Zirkonium-pentachlorohydrat und deren
Komplexverbindungen z. B. mit Aminosäuren wie Glycin. Daneben können in
Antitranspirantien übliche öllösliche und wasserlösliche Hilfsmittel in geringeren Mengen
enthalten sein. Solche öllöslichen Hilfsmittel können z.B. sein:
Übliche wasserlösliche Zusätze sind z.B. Konservierungsmittel, wasserlösliche Duftstoffe, pH-Wert-Stellmittel,
z.B. Puffergemische, wasserlösliche Verdickungsmittel, z.B. wasserlösliche
natürliche oder synthetische Polymere wie z.B. Xanthan-Gum, Hydroxyethylcellulose,
Polyvinylpyrrolidon oder hochmolekulare Polyethylenoxide.
Gebräuchliche Filmbildner sind beispielsweise Chitosan, mikrokristallines Chitosan,
quaterniertes Chitosan, Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Vinylpyrrolidon-Vinylacetat-Copolymerisate,
Polymere der Acrylsäurereihe, quaternäre Cellulose-Derivate, Kollagen, Hyaluronsäure bzw.
deren Salze und ähnliche Verbindungen.
Als Quellmittel für wäßrige Phasen können Montmorillonite, Clay Mineralstoffe, Pemulen
sowie alkylmodifizierte Carbopoltypen (Goodrich) dienen. Weitere geeignete Polymere bzw.
Quellmittel können der Übersicht von R.Lochhead in Cosm.Toil. 108, 95 (1993) entnommen
werden.
Als Insekten-Repellentien kommen N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamid, 1,2-Pentandiol oder Ethyl
Butylacetylaminopropionate in Frage
Als Selbstbräuner eignet sich Dihydroxyaceton. Als Tyrosinhinbitoren, die die Bildung von
Melanin verhindern und Anwendung in Depigmentierungsmitteln finden, kommen
beispielsweise Arbutin, Ferulasäure, Kojisäure, Cumarinsäure und Ascorbinsäure (Vitamin C)
in Frage.
Zur Verbesserung des Fließverhaltens können ferner Hydrotrope, wie beispielsweise Ethanol,
Isopropylalkohol, oder Polyole eingesetzt werden. Polyole, die hier in Betracht kommen,
besitzen vorzugsweise 2 bis 15 Kohlenstoffatome und mindestens zwei Hydroxylgruppen. Die
Polyole können noch weitere funktionelle Gruppen, insbesondere Aminogruppen, enthalten
bzw. mit Stickstoff modifiziert sein. Typische Beispiele sind
Als Konservierungsmittel eignen sich beispielsweise Phenoxyethanol, Formaldehydlösung,
Parabene, Pentandiol oder Sorbinsäure sowie die unter der Bezeichnung Surfacine®
bekannten Silberkomplexe und die in Anlage 6, Teil A und B der Kosmetikverordnung
aufgeführten weiteren Stoffklassen.
Als Parfümöle seien genannt Gemische aus natürlichen und synthetischen Riechstoffen.
Natürliche Riechstoffe sind Extrakte von Blüten (Lilie, Lavendel, Rosen, Jasmin, Neroli, Ylang-Ylang),
Stengeln und Blättern (Geranium, Patchouli, Petitgrain), Früchten (Anis, Koriander,
Kümmel, Wacholder), Fruchtschalen (Bergamotte, Zitrone, Orangen), Wurzeln (Macis,
Angelica, Sellerie, Kardamon, Costus, Iris, Calmus), Hölzern (Pinien-, Sandel-, Guajak-,
Zedern-, Rosenholz), Kräutern und Gräsern (Estragon, Lemongras, Salbei, Thymian), Nadeln
und Zweigen (Fichte, Tanne, Kiefer, Latschen), Harzen und Balsamen (Galbanum, Elemi,
Benzoe, Myrrhe, Olibanum, Opoponax). Weiterhin kommen tierische Rohstoffe in Frage, wie
beispielsweise Zibet und Castoreum. Typische synthetische Riechstoffverbindungen sind
Produkte vom Typ der Ester, Ether, Aldehyde, Ketone, Alkohole und Kohlenwasserstoffe.
Riechstoffverbindungen vom Typ der Ester sind z.B. Benzylacetat, Phenoxyethylisobutyrat,
p-tert.-Butylcyclohexylacetat, Linalylacetat, Dimethylbenzylcarbinylacetat, Phenylethylacetat,
Linalylbenzoat, Benzylformiat, Ethylmethylphenylglycinat, Allylcyclohexylpropionat,
Styrallylpropionat und Benzylsalicylat. Zu den Ethern zählen beispielsweise Benzylethylether,
zu den Aldehyden z.B. die linearen Alkanale mit 8 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen, Citral,
Citronellal, Citronellyloxyacetaldehyd, Cyclamenaldehyd, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial und
Bourgeonal, zu den Ketonen z.B. die Jonone, α-Isomethylionon und Methylcedrylketon, zu
den Alkoholen Anethol, Citronellol, Eugenol, Isoeugenol, Geraniol, Linalool,
Phenylethylalkohol und Terpineol, zu den Kohlenwasserstoffen gehören hauptsächlich die
Terpene und Balsame. Bevorzugt werden jedoch Mischungen verschiedener Riechstoffe
verwendet, die gemeinsam eine ansprechende Duftnote erzeugen. Auch ätherische Öle
geringerer Flüchtigkeit, die meist als Aromakomponenten verwendet werden, eignen sich als
Parfümöle, z.B. Salbeiöl, Kamillenöl, Nelkenöl, Melissenöl, Minzenöl, Zimtblätteröl,
Lindenblütenöl, Wacholderbeerenöl, Vetiveröl, Olibanöl, Galbanumöl, Labolanumöl und
Lavandinöl. Vorzugsweise werden Bergamotteöl, Dihydromyrcenol, Lilial, Lyral, Citronellol,
Phenylethylalkohol, α-Hexylzimtaldehyd, Geraniol, Benzylaceton, Cyclamenaldehyd, Linalool,
Boisambrene Forte, Ambroxan, Indol, Hedione, Sandelice, Citronenöl, Mandarinenöl,
Orangenöl, Allylamylglycolat, Cyclovertal, Lavandinöl, Muskateller Salbeiöl, β-Damascone,
Geraniumöl Bourbon, Cyclohexylsalicylat, Vertofix Coeur, Iso-E-Super, Fixolide NP, Evernyl,
Iraldein gamma, Phenylessigsäure, Geranylacetat, Benzylacetat, Rosenoxid, Romilllat, Irotyl
und Floramat allein oder in Mischungen, eingesetzt.
Als Aromen kommen beispielsweise Pfefferminzöl, Krauseminzöl, Anisöl, Sternanisöl,
Kümmelöl, Eukalyptusöl, Fenchelöl, Citronenöl, Wintergrünöl, Nelkenöl, Menthol und
dergleichen in Frage.
Als Farbstoffe können die für kosmetische Zwecke geeigneten und zugelassenen Substanzen
verwendet werden, wie sie beispielsweise in der Publikation "Kosmetische Färbemittel" der
Farbstoffkommission der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim,
1984, S.81-106 zusammengestellt sind. Beispiele sind Kochenillerot A (C.I. 16255),
Patentblau V (C.I.42051), Indigotin (C.I.73015), Chlorophyllin (C.I.75810), Chinolingelb
(C.I.47005), Titandioxid (C.I.77891), Indanthrenblau RS (C.I. 69800) und Krapplack
(C.I.58000). Als Lumineszenzfarbstoff kann auch Luminol enthalten sein. Diese Farbstoffe
werden üblicherweise in Konzentrationen von 0,001 bis 0,1 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die
gesamte Mischung, eingesetzt.
Der Gesamtanteil der Hilfs- und Zusatzstoffe kann 1 bis 50, vorzugsweise 5 bis 40 Gew.-% -
bezogen auf die Mittel - betragen. Die Herstellung der Mittel kann durch übliche Kalt - oder
Heißprozesse erfolgen; vorzugsweise arbeitet man nach der Phaseninversionstemperatur-Methode.
Die Wirksamkeit der OPC gegen freie Radikale wurde nach verschiedenen Methoden sowohl
chemisch als auch biochemisch untersucht:
- Methode A
- In einem ersten Verfahren wurde Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH°) eingesetzt, ein verhältnismäßig stabiles Radikal, welches eine purpurfarbene Lösung ergibt. Bestimmt wurde die optische Dichte (DO) bei 513 nm.
- Methode B
- In Gegenwart von Eisen(II)-ionen und EDTA wurden aus Wasserstoffperoxid Hydroxylradikale freigesetzt und zur Oxidation von Desoxyribose verwendet. Das Oxidationsprodukt bildet mit Thiobarbitursäure eine pinkfarbene Verbindung. Dessen Konzentration korrespondiert mit der optischen Dichte bei 532 nm. Untersucht wurde, ob in Gegenwart der Testprodukte weniger Desoxyribose oxidiert, d.h. weniger freie Radikale freigesetzt werden.
- Methode C
- Der zuvor geschilderte Versuch wurde in Abwesenheit von EDTA untersucht um die Eignung der Testsubstanzen, inaktive Eisenkomplexe zu bilden, zu überprüfen.
- Methode D
- Xanthin Oxidase ist ein Enzym welches infolge oxidativen Stresses ausgeschüttet wird und den Zerfall der Purinbasen Adenin und Guanin in Uronsäure und Superoxidanionen katabolisiert. Letztere dismutieren spontan oder in Gegenwart von Superoxid Dismutase in Wasserstoffperoxid und Sauerstoff. Die Menge an Superoxidanion kann durch NBT Reduktion über die optische Dichte bei 490 nm bestimmt werden. Untersucht wurde, ob in Gegenwart der Testsubstanzen weniger Superoxidanionen generiert bzw. mehr Anionen zerstört werden.
Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 1 zusammengefasst; angegeben sind jeweils die EC50-Werte
in % (w/v).
| Wirkung gegen freie Radikale | |||||
| Bsp. | Testprodukt | Testmethode | |||
| A | B | C | D | ||
| 1 | Grüner Tee Extrakt | 0,009 | At 0,03 % = 54±7 | At 0,03 % = 54±18 | 0,0009 % |
| 2 | Pinienrinden Extrakt | 0,0018 | At 0,03 % = 10±0 | At 0,03 % = 47±24 | 0,0053 % |
| 3 | Traubensaat Extrakt | 0,0015 | At 0,03 % = 5±4 | At 0,03 % = 49±24 | 0,0043 % |
| 4 | Litchi Extrakt | 0,0010 | At 0,03 % = 18±3 | At 0,03 % = 62±6 | 0,0100 % |
| V1 | Tocopherol | 0,0067 | n.b. | n.b. | kein Effekt |
| V2 | Ascorbinsäure | 0,0013 | 0,2607 % | 0,09 % | 0,5909 % |
| V3 | BHT | 0,0500 | n.b. | n.b. | kein Effekt |
Die Ergebnisse lassen den Schluss zu, dass die OPC-haltigen Extrakte eine antioxidative
Wirksamkeit besitzen, die deutlich über der von Tocopherol und BHT und in der gleichen
Größenordnung wie Vitamin C liegt. Die OPC besitzen in Abwesenheit von EDTA ein
besonders hohes Potential zum Quenchen von Hydroxylionen, wodurch nachgewiesen ist,
dass sie stabile Eisenkomplexe bilden. Schließlich besitzen sie ein starkes Potential, die
Reduktion von BT durch Superoxidanionen zu verhindern.
Gegenstand der folgenden in-vitro Untersuchungen war festzustellen, ob OPC bzw. OPChaltige
Extrakte menschliche Fibroblasten vor oxidativem Stress, speziell der Einwirkung von
UV-A-Strahlen schützen können. UV-A wurde deswegen als Stressfaktor gewählt, da die
Strahlen bis in die Dermis eindringen und dort vor allem eine Lipoperoxdation der
Cytoplasmamembranen bewirken. Die gebildeten Lipoperoxide zerfallen in Malonaldialdehyde
(MDA), die für die Retikulation vieler Biomoleküle, wie z.B. Proteine (Enzyminhibierung) oder
Nucleinbasen (Mutagenese) verantwortlich sind. Zur Versuchsdurchführung wurde eine
Fibroblastenkultur mit fötalem Kalbsserum angesetzt und 2 Tage später mit den
Testsubstanzen geimpft. Nach einer Inkubation von 36 h bei 37 °C und einem CO2-Level von
5 Vol.-% wurde das Nährmedium durch eine Elektrolytlösung ersetzt und die Fibroblasten
mit einer definierten UVA-Strahlungsmenge geschädigt (3-15 J/cm2). Nach dem Ende der
Bestrahlung wurde die Menge an gebildetem MDA in der überstehenden Lösung durch
Umsetzung mit Thiobarbitursäure und der Gehalt an Proteinen im Zellhomogenisat nach der
Bradford-Methode bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 2 zusammengefasst. Die
verstehen sich als %-rel gegenüber dem Standard. Angegeben ist der Mittelwert von zwei
Messreihen mit Dreifachbestimmung.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die OPC-haltigen Extrakte einen nachhaltig positiven Einfluss bei
der Bekämpfung von oxidativem Stress besitzen, ohne dabei die Fibroblasten zu schädigen.
| Wirkung gegen UV-A-Strahlen | ||||
| Bsp. | Testprodukt | Konz. [Gew.-%] | Freigesetztes MDA | Cellulare Proteine |
| Kontrolle ohne UVA | 0 | 100 | ||
| Kontrolle mit UVA | 100 | 101 | ||
| 5 | UVA + Grüner Tee Extrakt | 0,001 | 63 | 96 |
| 6 | UVA + Pinienrinden Extrakt | 0,001 | 54 | 98 |
| 7 | UVA + Traubensaat Extrakt | 0,001 | 47 | 93 |
| 8 | UVA + Litchi Extrakt | 0,003 | 31 | 105 |
Aufgabe dieses Tests war es zu zeigen, dass OPC einen anti-inflammatorische Eigenschaften
gegenüber menschlichen Keratinocyten besitzen. UVB wurde als Stressfaktor ausgewählt,
weil die Strahlen durch Aktivierung von Arachidonsäure freisetzenden Enzymen, wie
beispielsweise Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) eine cutane Inflammation (Erytheme, Ödeme)
hervorrufen. Dies führt in der Folge nicht nur zu einer Schädigung der Membranen, sondern
auch zur Bildung von inflammatorisch wirkenden Stoffen, wie beispielsweise Prostaglandinen
vom Typ PGE2. Der Einfluss der UV-B-Strahlen auf die Keratinocyten wurde in-vitro über die
Freisetzung von cytoplasmatischen Enzymen, wie z.B. LDH (Lactat Dehydrogenase)
bestimmt, die parallel zur Zellschädigung und der Bildung von PGE2 verläuft. Die
Vorbereitung der Keratinocytenkulturen erfolgte wie schon unter B) beschrieben. Die
Strahlungsmenge betrug diesmal 50 mJ/cm2. Die Keratinocytenmenge wurde nach
Trypsination über einen Zellzähler ermittelt, die LDH-Konzentration enzymatisch bestimmt.
Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 3 zusammengefasst. Angegeben ist die Aktivität in %-rel
gegen einen Standard als Mittelwert von zwei Testreihen mit Doppelbestimmung.
| Wirkung gegen UV-B-Strahlen | |||||
| Bsp. | Testprodukt | Konz. [Gew.-%] | Cellulare MDA | Freigesetztes LDH | Freigesetztes PGE2 |
| Kontrolle ohne UVB | 100 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Kontrolle mit UVB | 31 | 100 | 100 | ||
| 9 | UVB + Grüner Tee Extrakt | 0,0002 | 32 | 87 | - |
| 10 | UVB + Pinienrinden Extrakt | 0,001 | 37 | 69 | 77 |
| 11 | UVB + Traubensaat Extrakt | 0,0003 | 39 | 68 | 94 |
| 12 | UVB + Litchi Extrakt | 0,001 | 36 | 64 | - |
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die OPC-reichen Extrakte die schädigenden Einflüsse von UV-B-Strahlen
signifikant reduzieren und insbesondere die Freisetzung von LDH und PGE2
vermindern.
Während einer Inflammation, werden aus den polymorphonuclearen neutrophilen
Granulocyten oder Makrophagen Hautproteasen, wie beispielsweise Collagenase freigesetzt.
Ein ähnlicher Vorgang spielt sich gerade in der Haut älterer Menschen bei Einfluss von UV-Strahlen
ab. Die Proteasen - wegen ihres Gehaltes an zentralen Zinkionen auch als Matrix-Metallo-Proteasen
(MMP) bezeichnet - katalysieren wie schon erwähnt die Fragmentierung
von Bindegewebsproteinen. Zur Untersuchung der Testsubstanzen auf
Collagenaseinhibierung wurde bakterielle Collagenase (clostridium histolyticum) auf Gelatine
als natürlichem Nährboden verwendet, welche mit Fluorochrom (FITC, Calbiochem) markiert
war. Die Inkubationszeit betrug 60 min bei 20 °C, die Hydrolyse des Substrates wurde über
die Fluoreszenz bei 393 nm (Anregung bei 328 nm) verfolgt. Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 4
zusammengefasst. Angegeben ist die Collagenase-Inhibierung in %.
Korrespondierend wurde auch die MMP-Inhibierung auf biochemischem Wege untersucht.
Dazu wurde als synthetisches Substrat MCA-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dpa-Ala-Arg-NH2 eingesetzt.
Für den Litchi-Extrakt wurde eine MMP-Inhibierung von 13 % (Konzentration 0,005 Gew.-%)
bis 95 % (0,1 Gew.-%) festgestellt.
| Collagenase-Inhibierung | ||||
| Bsp. | Testprodukt | Konzentration % (w/v) | ||
| 0,1 | 0,03 | 0,01 | ||
| 13 | Grüner Tee Extrakt | 100 | 76±7 | 47 |
| 14 | Pinienrinden Extrakt | 90 | 50±1 | 18 |
| 15 | Traubensaat Extrakt | 100 | 55±2 | 53±2 |
| 16 | Litchi Extrakt | 89±4 | 15±2 | 16±0 |
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die OPC-reichen Extrakte in Abhängigkeit der Konzentration
über eine signifikante Inhibierungswirkung verfügen.
Untersucht wurde die Fähigkeit von Litchi-Extrakt den toxischen Einfluss von UV-A-Strahlen
zu mindern. Als in-vitro System diente eine Kultur dermaler Fibroblasten, bestimmt wurde
die Freisetzung von MMP-1 aus diesen Fibroblasten unter dem Einfluss der UV-Strahlung.
Das Ansetzen der Nährlösung, die Kultivierung und die Schädigung erfolgte analog B). Die
Bestimmung der MMP erfolgte mit einem Kit, das unter der Bezeichnung RPN2610 von der
Firma Amersham im Handel erhältlich ist. Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 5 zusammengefasst.
Angegeben ist die Menge MMP in ng/ml aus einer Testreihe mit Dreifachbestimmung.
| MMP-Inhibierung | ||||
| Bsp. | Testprodukt | Konz. Gew.-% | MMP | |
| ohne UVA | mit UVA | |||
| Kontrolle | 49+9 | 199+25 | ||
| 17 | Litchi Extrakt | 0,0006 | 60+20 | 140+17 |
| 18 | Litchi Extrakt | 0,003 | 82+11 | 164±8 |
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass OPC-reiche Extrakte die Freisetzung von MMP bei UV-A-Bestrahlung
nachhaltig vermindern.
Im Verlauf einer cutanen Inflammation werden Leucocyten, wie beispielsweise die
polymorphonuclearen neutrophilen Granulocyten (PMN) durch Peptide wie etwa Cytokine
stimuliert, Botschafterstoffe wie z.B. Leukotrien auszusenden, die von aktivierten oder
nekrotischen Zellen in der Dermis freigesetzt werden. Diese aktivierte PMN setzen nicht nur
pro-inflammatorische Cytokine, Leukotriene und Proteasen, sondern auch ROS, wie z.B.
Superoxide und Hypochloritanionen frei, welche die Aufgabe haben, eingedrungene
pathogene Keime oder Pilze zu vernichten. Diese Aktivität der PMN während der
Inflammation ist als sogenannter Atmungsausbruch ("respiratory burst") bekannt und kann
zu zusätzlichen Schäden im Gewebe führen. Zur Untersuchung, inwiefern OPC und OPC-reiche
Extrakte den Atmungsausbruch verhindern oder mindern können, wurde eine Zelllinie
von menschlichen leukemischen Granulocyten dieser PMN zusammen mit den
Testsubstanzen bei 37 °C von 5 Vol.-% CO2 inkubiert. Nach Auslösung des
Atmungsausbruchs durch Zugabe eines Hefeextraktes (Zymosan) zur Zelllösung, wurde die
Freisetzung von Superoxidanionen über deren Reaktion mit Luminol bestimmt. Die
Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 6 zusammengefasst. Angegeben sind die Zellzahlen sowie die
Menge an freigesetzten ROS in %-rel zum Standard als Mittelwert einer Messreihe mit
Dreifachbestimmung.
| Anti-infammatorische Wirkung | ||||
| Bsp. | Testprodukt | Konz. Gew.-% | Zellzahlen | Freigesetzte ROS |
| Kontrolle | 100 | 100 | ||
| 19 | Potentille Extrakt | 0,001 | 104±1 | 37±25 |
| 20 | Potentille Extrakt | 0,01 | 94±3 | 9±4 |
| 21 | Potentille Extrakt | 0,1 | 93±1 | 8±4 |
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die OPC einen starken inhibierenden Einfluss auf den
Atmungsausbruch menschlicher Granulocyten besitzen, ohne die Granulocyten zu schädigen.
In der nachfolgenden Tabelle 7 finden sich einige Rezepturbeispiele.
| Biespiele für kosmetische Zubereitungen (Wasser, Konservierungsmittel ad 100 Gew.-%) ― Forts. | |||||
| Zusammensetzung (INCI) | |||||
| Emulgade® SE Glyceryl Sterate (and) Ceteareth 12/20 (and) Cetearyl Alcohol (and) Cetyl Palmitate | 5,0 | 5,0 | 4,0 | - | - |
| Eumulgin® B1 Ceteareth-12 | - | - | 1,0 | - | - |
| Lameform® TGI Polyglyceryl-3 Isostearate | - | - | - | 4,0 | - |
| Dehymuls® PGPH Polyglyceryl-2 Dipolyhydroxystearate | - | - | - | - | 4,0 |
| Monomuls® 90-0 18 Glyceryl Oleate | - | - | - | 2,0 | - |
| Cetiol® HE PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate | - | - | - | - | 2,0 |
| Cetiol® OE Dicaprytyl Ether | - | - | - | 5,0 | 6,0 |
| Cetiol® PGL Hexyldecanol (and) Hexyldecyl Laurate | - | - | 3,0 | 10,0 | 9,0 |
| Cetiol® SN Cetearyl Isononanoate | 3,0 | 3,0 | - | - | - |
| Cetiol® V Decyl Oleate | 3,0 | 3,0 | - | - | - |
| Myritol® 318 Coco Caprylate Caprate | - | - | 3,0 | 5,0 | 5,0 |
| Bees Wax | - | - | - | 7,0 | 5,0 |
| Nutrilan® Elastin E20 Hydrolyzed Elastin | 2,0 | - | - | - | - |
| Nutrilan® I-50 Hydrolyzed Collagen | - | 2,0 | - | - | - |
| Gluadin® AGP Hydrolyzed Wheat Gluten | - | - | 0,5 | - | - |
| Gluadin® WK Sodium Cocoyl Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein | - | - | - | 0,5 | 0,5 |
| Pine Bark Extract | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 |
| Grape Seed Extract | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 |
| Hydagen® CMF Chitosan | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 | 1,0 |
| Magnesium Sulfate Hepta Hydrate | - | - | - | 1,0 | 1,0 |
| Glycerin (86 Gew.-%ig) | 3,0 | 3,0 | 5,0 | 5,0 | 3,0 |
Claims (13)
- Verwendung von oligomeren Procyanolidinen (OPC) zur Herstellung von Hautbehandlungsmitteln.
- Verwendung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man als Wirkstoffe die A2-Dimeren der OPC einsetzt.
- Verwendung nach den Ansprüchen 1 und/oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man als Wirkstoff das Proanthocyanidin A2 einsetzt.
- Verwendung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man als Wirkstoffe Pflanzenextrakte einsetzt, die einen wirksamen Gehalt an OPC, vorzugsweise an OPC A2-Dimeren und insbesondere Proanthocyanidin A2 aufweisen.
- Verwendung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man Extrakte von Pflanzen einsetzt, die ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe, die gebildet wird von Grünem Tee, Pinienrinde, Traubensaat (Vitis vinifera), Litchi pericarp (Litchi chinensis) und Potentille (Potentille erecta) sowie deren Gemischen.
- Verwendung von oligomeren Procyanolidinen zur Verminderung der Aktivität und des Ausstoßes von MMP in Fibroblasten.
- Verwendung von oligomeren Procyanolidinen zur Anregung von Zellen zum Schutz gegen spontane Alterungsprozesse und oxidativen Stress.
- Verwendung von oligomeren Procyanolidinen zur Bildung inaktiver Eisenkomplexe.
- Verwendung von oligomeren Procyanolidinen zur Inaktivierung von Superoxidanionen.
- Verwendung von oligomeren Procyanolidinen zur Verminderung der Ausschüttung von pro-inflammatorischen Wirkstoffen aus den Mastocyten sowie den basilophilen bzw. eusinophilen Leucocyten.
- Verwendung von oligomeren Procyanolidinen als Wirkstoffe zum Schutz von sensitiver Haut.
- Verwendung von oligomeren Procyanolidinen als Wirkstoffe gegen Akne und Rosacea.
- Verwendung von oligomeren Procyanolidinen als Wirkstoffe gegen Cellulitis.
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01401190A EP1256335A1 (de) | 2001-05-10 | 2001-05-10 | Verwendung von oligomeren Procyanolidinen |
| US10/477,081 US20040234480A1 (en) | 2001-05-10 | 2002-05-03 | Use of oligomeric proanthrocyanidins |
| JP2002586897A JP2004529162A (ja) | 2001-05-10 | 2002-05-03 | プロアントロシアニジンオリゴマーの使用 |
| PCT/EP2002/004861 WO2002089758A1 (de) | 2001-05-10 | 2002-05-03 | Verwendung von oligomeren procyanolidinen |
| KR10-2003-7014553A KR20040021602A (ko) | 2001-05-10 | 2002-05-03 | 올리고머성 프로안트로시아니딘의 용도 |
| EP02742934A EP1385473A1 (de) | 2001-05-10 | 2002-05-03 | Verwendung von oligomeren procyanolidinen |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01401190A EP1256335A1 (de) | 2001-05-10 | 2001-05-10 | Verwendung von oligomeren Procyanolidinen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1256335A1 true EP1256335A1 (de) | 2002-11-13 |
Family
ID=8182720
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01401190A Withdrawn EP1256335A1 (de) | 2001-05-10 | 2001-05-10 | Verwendung von oligomeren Procyanolidinen |
| EP02742934A Ceased EP1385473A1 (de) | 2001-05-10 | 2002-05-03 | Verwendung von oligomeren procyanolidinen |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02742934A Ceased EP1385473A1 (de) | 2001-05-10 | 2002-05-03 | Verwendung von oligomeren procyanolidinen |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20040234480A1 (de) |
| EP (2) | EP1256335A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2004529162A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20040021602A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002089758A1 (de) |
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| EP0694305A1 (de) * | 1994-07-26 | 1996-01-31 | INDENA S.p.A. | Pharmazeutische oder kosmetische Zusammensetzungen, welche Coumarinen und Proanthocyanidinen enthalten |
| FR2746648A1 (fr) * | 1996-03-18 | 1997-10-03 | Firion Jackie | Produit parapharmaceutique - facilite de la perte de poids - amincissement - accelere l'elimination |
| FR2770228A1 (fr) * | 1997-10-27 | 1999-04-30 | Greentech Sa | Procede d'obtention d'oligomeres de proanthocyanidines par biofermentation et leur utilisation dans des compositions cosmetiques, dietetiques, pharmaceutiques, chimiques et alimentaires |
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| WO2001026617A1 (de) * | 1999-10-08 | 2001-04-19 | Coty B.V. | Kosmetische wirkstoffzubereitung mit synergistisch erhöhtem radikalschutzfaktor |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2003084553A1 (en) * | 2002-04-09 | 2003-10-16 | Sinclair Pharmaceuticals Limited | Topical pharmaceutical compositions comprising proanthocyanidins for the treatment of dermatitis |
| HRP20040917B1 (hr) * | 2002-04-09 | 2013-03-31 | Sinclair Pharmaceuticals Limited | Topiäśki farmaceutski pripravci koji sadrže proantocijanide za tretman dermatitisa |
| FR2842102A1 (fr) * | 2002-07-10 | 2004-01-16 | Cep | Utilisation d'un extrait de the pour controler la liberation d'il8, cytokine pro-inflammatoire et son incorporation dans des preparations cosmetiques et/ou dermatologiques |
| FR2918880A1 (fr) * | 2007-07-18 | 2009-01-23 | Seppic Sa | Utilisation d'un extrait de potentille comme actif cosmetique et pharmaceutique |
| WO2014101366A1 (en) | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-03 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Methods for inhibition of shc-1/p66 to combat aging-related diseases |
| EP2838528A4 (de) * | 2012-12-26 | 2015-09-09 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Verfahren zur hemmung von shc-1/p66 zur bekämpfung altersbedingter erkrankungen |
| CN104873617A (zh) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-09-02 | 广西壮族自冶区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | 荔枝皮多酚在制备降低肝脏低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的药物或保健品中的应用 |
| CN104873616A (zh) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-09-02 | 广西壮族自冶区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | 荔枝皮多酚在制备降低肝脏甘油三酯的药物或保健品中的应用 |
| CN104873616B (zh) * | 2015-05-27 | 2018-05-04 | 广西壮族自冶区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | 荔枝皮多酚在制备降低肝脏甘油三酯的药物或保健品中的应用 |
| CN104873617B (zh) * | 2015-05-27 | 2018-05-04 | 广西壮族自冶区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | 荔枝皮多酚在制备降低肝脏低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的药物或保健品中的应用 |
| CN105223300A (zh) * | 2015-08-03 | 2016-01-06 | 广东药学院 | 荔枝多酚及其产品的质量控制方法 |
| FR3098115A1 (fr) * | 2019-07-02 | 2021-01-08 | Holidermie | Formulation cosmétique |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2002089758A1 (de) | 2002-11-14 |
| KR20040021602A (ko) | 2004-03-10 |
| EP1385473A1 (de) | 2004-02-04 |
| US20040234480A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
| JP2004529162A (ja) | 2004-09-24 |
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