EP1252103A2 - Verfahren zur reinigung von strömenden wässern - Google Patents
Verfahren zur reinigung von strömenden wässernInfo
- Publication number
- EP1252103A2 EP1252103A2 EP00993808A EP00993808A EP1252103A2 EP 1252103 A2 EP1252103 A2 EP 1252103A2 EP 00993808 A EP00993808 A EP 00993808A EP 00993808 A EP00993808 A EP 00993808A EP 1252103 A2 EP1252103 A2 EP 1252103A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metals
- water
- catalytically active
- easily oxidizable
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46176—Galvanic cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/70—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by reduction
- C02F1/705—Reduction by metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/006—Radioactive compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/103—Arsenic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/001—Runoff or storm water
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the purification of flowing ground, seepage, mine and surface water by influencing the concentration of ions, as a rule, of undesired radioactive and non-radioactive substances in ground and surface water by means of galvanic elements.
- the water should be cleaned of uranium and arsenic.
- the invention is to be classified in the field of chemical-physical water treatment processes, in particular in the field of electrochemically active (in-situ) processes.
- the process is not limited to in situ application.
- the published patent application DE 196 06 947 AI describes the use of a method in which an active composition produced by pyrolysis of organic carbon carriers with gypsum and iron hydroxide slurries, which after pyrolysis consists of activated carbon, iron, iron sulfide and calcium sulfide, is advantageous for removing heavy metals and the element compounds of group 5 of the PSE, which also include arsenic, are used from groundwater, soil and soil air.
- the walls, which are essentially made of the active material, are to be regenerated by the action of electrical fields or their effectiveness is to be improved, these being switched as cathodes.
- the counter-connection of an anodically connected reaction wall is used to separate dissolved heavy metals, sulfides and other reaction products. Doping the cathodic active mass with Cu, Ag or Ni is said to bring about a gentle increase in activity.
- the active compositions produced by pyrolysis are not suitable for use in removing uranium and arsenic due to their chemical-physical composition.
- the arsenic can be separated by oxidative means with subsequent adsorption on iron hydroxide compounds (US Pat. No. 5,514,279).
- the uranium can be separated off either by oxidative means by adsorption on iron compounds or reductively by reaction with metallic iron (US Pat. No. 5,514,279).
- the known to be readily soluble uranyl ion should be reduced to poorly soluble uranium dioxide. Uranium reduction is also kinetically inhibited here.
- the known methods - apart from the shortcomings described there - can only be operated with little effectiveness.
- the invention is based on the task of separating the uranium and arsenic compounds present as contaminants in the waters together and with high effectiveness from the waters.
- the method should also be applicable to a large number of other ions of radioactive and non-radioactive substances.
- This exemplary embodiment relates to an embodiment of the method in which the water to be cleaned, the base metal, the catalytically active substances or the catalytically active metal and substances for immobilizing the harmful water constituents were introduced into a plastic container of one liter content.
- the base metal was gray cast iron (GG) in the form of drilling chips, which contained the catalytically active substances in the form of carbides, nitrides, phosphides, suicides and sulfides in a macroscopically homogeneous form, the distribution being achieved by the known metallurgical processes has been.
- the gray cast iron also contained other alloy components.
- the amount of gray cast iron chips used was less than 10 g.
- Copper in the form of foil chips with a total mass of less than 5 g, was used as another catalytically active metal.
- the immobilization substances were predominantly iron sulfides, which were already present in the iron matrix before the start of the experiment, and iron hydroxides, which were generated in situ during the cleaning process.
- the water to be cleaned had the following composition regarding the most important pollutants:> 2 mg / l As,> 5 mg / 1 U
- both the chips and the chips were degreased with n-hexane. This was followed by an etching process in 3 M HC1, which was carried out separately for both metals, followed by a rinsing process repeated 2-3 times with distilled water Water. After filling the test vessel, it can be closed with a tightly closing screw cap if the entry of atmospheric oxygen is to be prevented, but this is not a condition for the effectiveness of the method. It goes without saying that further measures may need to be taken to maintain anaerobic working conditions. After filling with one liter of the water to be cleaned, the sealed test vessel was placed in a commercially available overhead shaker and shaken at a speed of 0.5-10 revolutions per minute.
- samples for monitoring the cleaning process were taken from the test area and the concentration of the dissolved ions of arsenic, uranium and other substances was determined using the known chemical analysis methods. It was shown that more than 99% of the arsenic and 80% of the uranium were separated after only 24 hours. After a further 24 hours, more than 99.9% of the arsenic and more than 90% of the uranium were separated from the water to be cleaned and immobilized.
- metal sulfides as catalytically active substances is described here.
- Less than 10 g of gray cast iron shavings and less than 5 g of a pyrite as well as the water mentioned were filled into the test vessel in the manner already described, including the pretreatment.
- the pyrite was crushed with a crusher before use and crushed to a particle size between 0.043 and 2.0 mm in an agate mortar.
- the elements V, Ti, Cr, Mn, Ga, Sr, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Hg, Tl, Bi, Th Co, Ni, Cu, As, Pb and U were detected in different concentrations.
- the sample vessel was placed in the overhead shaker and shaken as already described, and sampled and analyzed at regular intervals.
- the results of the investigation showed that water purification in the sense of the simultaneous separation of arsenic and uranium is also possible with pyrite as the catalytically active substance, whereby the deposition process is significantly accelerated compared to the use of the considerably more expensive copper.
- the advantageous suitability of special alloys for the catalytic reduction, in particular of uranium is described according to the invention.
- less than 5 g of the comminuted pyrite and less than 5 g of an alloy consisting of 50% iron and of cerium and other lanthanoids with a grain size of 0.043 to 3 mm and the water to be purified according to embodiment 1 were placed in the test vessel filled and shaken in the overhead shaker.
- samples were taken and analyzed at regular intervals. It was demonstrated that more than 96% of the uranium was reduced and immobilized after just 24 hours. The arsenic content of the water to be purified was also reduced very sharply.
- test vessel was placed next to the one to be cleaned
- Water according to embodiment 1 introduced in the form of an island with gold-coated iron chips, which were produced in the following way:
- the matrix of pure iron as base metal is first carefully cleaned and degreased.
- the coating is then carried out with a photoresist, in which by means of photolithographic
- Another variant of the method refers to the cleaning of water in which the contamination in the form of intolerable levels of hydrogen ions in the form of protons and possibly other pollutant ions, e.g. that of AI, As, Fe, Ni, U and Zn.
- the task to be solved in cleaning is usually to raise the pH by separating or neutralizing hydrogen ions from the water.
- aluminum, iron and other harmful water constituents can often be separated in the course of raising the pH. It can be demonstrated in a practical experiment that the base metals in combination with the catalytically active substance according to embodiment 1 and a further catalytically active metal as galvanic elements have a far better effectiveness than the base metal in pure form or the base metal in combination with the catalytically active substance.
- test vessels In two further test vessels, only the drill chips from ST 37 and the water to be cleaned were filled, in the fifth test vessel ST37, on which a thin and porous copper layer was deposited by cementation by treatment in 3 M hydrochloric acid chloride solution (1g / 1 CuCl 2 ) , All metals were degreased before filling into the test vessels, in the latter case before cementing the copper, as already described, and activated by treatment with hydrochloric acid.
- the test vessels were closed, placed in the overhead shaker, and the development of the pH was monitored at regular intervals. After the end of the test, the solutions were ventilated with compressed air for 15 minutes and left to stand for 6-24 hours. Finally, a sample was taken from the solution for chemical analysis.
- This exemplary embodiment shows how the method is to be expediently designed if even shorter dwell times or even higher cleaning performances are required in relation to the type and the concentration of the substances to be separated during cleaning.
- the additional use of direct voltage is an effective means of making the method effective.
- approximately 500 g of granulate from the gray cast iron described in exemplary embodiment 1 were poured into a container, the shell of which represents the outer wall of an electrolysis cell.
- the current was supplied by means of a spiral made of Pt-Ir wire of 10 cm in length to the middle of the part of the container which receives the gray cast iron.
- This part was separated by an anion exchange membrane as a semi-permeable separator from the part of the container in which there was an electrode made of titanium with a pyrolytically applied coating of platinum-iridium mixed oxide, which after connection of the electrode to a conventional direct voltage source Anode served.
- the gray cast iron granulate therefore served as the cathode.
- a sulfuric acid with a concentration of 0.02 mol / l was fed into the cathode compartment, the water to be cleaned, which contained the following harmful ingredients. Table 2 Concentration of harmful ingredients before and after cleaning
- the throughput of the water to be cleaned through the container was 6 (type 2) to 14 (type 1) 1 / h with a cross-sectional area of the flowed through container part of 120 cm 2 in the direction of flow.
- the voltage between the two electrodes was 3-6 volts.
- the energy consumption was 0.12 kWh / m 3
- the other type it was 0.44 kWh m 3 . In comparison to the energy consumption values of known electrochemical processes, this consumption is to be regarded as extremely favorable.
- water can be cleaned in a container with 1 m 2 cross-sectional area 0.6-1.4 m 3 / h.
- a large number for example of 100 such containers, which can also be combined to form a module, systems with a cleaning performance of 60-140 m 3 / h can be easily implemented.
- the easily corrodible base metal contains the catalytically active substance in a macroscopically homogeneously distributed form.
- the gray cast iron granules are not covered with a brownish hydroxide layer but with a black layer, which is insoluble even in hot 3 M HC1.
- the layer was only dissolved after additional substances had been added to the digestion solution.
- the hydrogen sulfide formed could then be detected qualitatively and quantitatively using the known methods.
- the nature of the behavior of the sulfide is known to indicate the presence of pyrite.
- the amount of pyrite formed on the metal granules was found to be 1.3 g with a water throughput of 20 liters for the mine water.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10002927 | 2000-01-25 | ||
DE2000102927 DE10002927A1 (de) | 2000-01-25 | 2000-01-25 | Verfahren zur Reinigung von strömenden Wässern |
PCT/DE2000/003978 WO2001055034A2 (de) | 2000-01-25 | 2000-11-02 | Verfahren zur reinigung von strömenden wässern |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1252103A2 true EP1252103A2 (de) | 2002-10-30 |
Family
ID=7628557
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00993808A Ceased EP1252103A2 (de) | 2000-01-25 | 2000-11-02 | Verfahren zur reinigung von strömenden wässern |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1252103A2 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2001223497A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10002927A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001055034A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10200159A1 (de) * | 2002-01-04 | 2003-11-06 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zur Entfernung von Schwermetallionen aus Abwässern |
CN109867333B (zh) * | 2019-04-01 | 2021-04-13 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | 利用钛基二氧化钛纳米管阵列电极高效去除和回收水中铀的方法 |
CN112342385B (zh) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-10-25 | 西北工业大学 | 一种从含铀废水或海水中提取铀的装置、方法及其应用 |
CN113582581B (zh) * | 2021-07-28 | 2022-12-30 | 神美科技有限公司 | 一种除磷材料及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2630531A1 (de) * | 1975-12-30 | 1978-01-12 | Paul Prof Dr Ohlmeyer | Verfahren zur phosphatbeseitigung bei der klaerung von abwasser |
US4382865A (en) * | 1978-09-14 | 1983-05-10 | Envirogenics Systems Company | Treatment of reducible halohydrocarbon containing aqueous stream |
US4219419A (en) * | 1978-09-14 | 1980-08-26 | Envirogenics Systems Company | Treatment of reducible hydrocarbon containing aqueous stream |
US4606828A (en) * | 1985-02-26 | 1986-08-19 | Wells Marvin E | Scale formation preventor and/or remover |
DE3941813A1 (de) * | 1989-12-19 | 1991-06-20 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zum elektrochemischen abbau von chlorierten organischen verbindungen |
DE4030912A1 (de) * | 1990-09-29 | 1992-04-02 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur abscheidung von metallionen aus prozess- und abwaessern |
US5376240A (en) * | 1991-11-04 | 1994-12-27 | Olin Corporation | Process for the removal of oxynitrogen species for aqueous solutions |
GB9521293D0 (en) * | 1995-10-18 | 1995-12-20 | Univ Waterloo | System for treating contaminated water |
IL117781A0 (en) * | 1996-04-02 | 1996-08-04 | Silk Water Technologies Ltd | Method and device for inhibiting scale formation in fluid conduits |
DE19624023B9 (de) * | 1996-06-17 | 2009-05-20 | Verein für Kernverfahrenstechnik und Analytik Rossendorf e.V. | Verfahren zur Sanierung saurer, eisenhaltiger Tagebaurestlochgewässer |
DE19633737A1 (de) * | 1996-08-22 | 1998-02-26 | Franz Dietrich Dipl Ing Oeste | Reaktionsprodukte aus Huminstoffen mit Ton, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Anwendung |
US5980752A (en) * | 1997-08-21 | 1999-11-09 | Bowers; Roy | Water purification system for hot tubs and the like |
-
2000
- 2000-01-25 DE DE2000102927 patent/DE10002927A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2000-11-02 AU AU2001223497A patent/AU2001223497A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-11-02 EP EP00993808A patent/EP1252103A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2000-11-02 WO PCT/DE2000/003978 patent/WO2001055034A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0155034A3 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2001223497A1 (en) | 2001-08-07 |
WO2001055034A2 (de) | 2001-08-02 |
DE10002927A1 (de) | 2001-08-02 |
WO2001055034A3 (de) | 2002-01-31 |
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