EP1218562B1 - Verfahren zur wärmebehandlung von metallischen pressbolzen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur wärmebehandlung von metallischen pressbolzen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1218562B1 EP1218562B1 EP00960638A EP00960638A EP1218562B1 EP 1218562 B1 EP1218562 B1 EP 1218562B1 EP 00960638 A EP00960638 A EP 00960638A EP 00960638 A EP00960638 A EP 00960638A EP 1218562 B1 EP1218562 B1 EP 1218562B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- extrusion
- cooling
- slug
- bolt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/52—Methods of heating with flames
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0075—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rods of limited length
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
Definitions
- the invention relates to methods for the heat treatment of metallic Press studs or - if using warm shears - bar sections in front of the Introducing into the extrusion press and devices for performing the Process.
- Cast, homogenized and then cooled blocks are immediately subjected to a heat treatment before being introduced into the pressing device, at which reheats the blocks, then cools them and the pressing device are fed.
- the surface of the crop is covered with burners or Hot gas jets generated by combustion are applied.
- the exhaust gas is collected with an exhaust duct above the heating area and fed to a preheating zone with convective heat transfer.
- the convective heat transfer takes place by blowing the heat material on the side arranged slot nozzles, the gas flow for feeding these slot nozzles with Fans are circulated in a closed circuit.
- This device is for Heating with narrow temperature tolerances with high throughput is only limited suitable because the temperature accuracy, which with a direct Flame exposure can be achieved even with moderate throughputs leaves a lot to be desired.
- the z. B. with direct flame exposure works to better exploit, is in DE-OS 26 37 646 Device described in which in the direction of good transport before Faster heating section with flame exposure to the hot exhaust gas Convection heating zones circulated and blown onto the goods with jet jets before it leaves the device through the exhaust stack.
- the nozzles are open Slit nozzles arranged on both sides of the good with perpendicular to the good axis standing longitudinal axes of the nozzle openings.
- This device also has the In view of the uniformity of the heating unfavorable arrangement of the Convection heating zone in front of the heating zone with direct flame exposure.
- Devices with heating by direct flame exposure do admit due to the high furnace chamber temperature - for devices for heating light metal alloys around 1000 ° C - quite high heating rates, however the temperature distribution in the estate is very uneven. Especially when changing Good surfaces can also be used due to the changing strong radiation influence with elaborate control and regulation technology no satisfactory Achieve temperature uniformity. If the production process suddenly stops, z. B. because of a press or tool problem, it even happens frequently for melting of the heating material. In addition, the energy utilization is low and consequently the heating power and energy requirements related to the material throughput high.
- US-A 5,027,634 describes a cooling device which consists of at least there is a cooling ring through which the block during the cooling process a pushing device is pushed. By changing the The cooling effect brought about by the cooling device can be achieved at an impact speed affect the block length.
- the cooling ring itself has numerous holes relatively small diameter through which the water used as the cooling fluid is sprayed on the block.
- the cooling ring is for the passage of the impact device open at the top.
- a disadvantage of this device besides the complicated control the block movements and the complex transport mechanics in particular the small cooling nozzles that tend to clog and the uneven cooling effect over the circumference through the opening in the top of the cooling ring for passage of the Shocking device is necessary because there are no cooling nozzles in this area.
- US-A 5,337,768 describes a further embodiment of the regulation of a such device, but which have the same basic disadvantages as the the aforementioned US-A 5,325,694.
- the invention has for its object methods for heat treatment of metallic press studs or rod sections before insertion into the Extrusion press, as well as devices to carry out the method to create who do not experience the disadvantages mentioned above.
- procedures and devices are proposed that are very fast and at the same time the temperature control very precise heat treatment from reheating and Allow cooling.
- This Temperaturtaper as has long been known as the prior art, is required by the increasing mechanical input from the beginning of the block to the end of the block Balance energy that is converted into heat during the pressing process, so that nevertheless the pressing process can proceed isothermally.
- bolts or rods i.e. blocks
- Typical is e.g. B. for Light metal alloys have a temperature tolerance of less than ⁇ 10 K, e.g. B. ⁇ 5 K for block diameters from 250 mm to 300 mm.
- the method according to the invention permits Provision of the block with exactly the required temperature or Temperature distribution and this with the necessary low temperature tolerance.
- the block has a defined higher temperature at the beginning than the pressing temperature distributed as evenly as possible in the rest of the block. This is also easily possible with the method according to the invention, because in addition to a uniform temperature distribution also locally over the block length Temperature differences, e.g. B. higher temperature only at the beginning of the block can be.
- Another advantage of the method according to the invention is its suitability for the Press operation with maximum productivity. If cooling time and Temperature compensation time are longer than the press sequence, the so-called Block sequence time, so two cooling devices can be operated in parallel, so that regardless of the block sequence time, each block individually the necessary cooling time as well as compensation time can experience, even if the two periods in the Addition are longer than the block sequence time.
- the invention has Process decisive advantages over the prior art on. This is because, according to the invention, the rapid heating by means of direct flame exposure during the first part of the heating process with a combined convective heating in the final part. With this convective Warming can be done by a suitable choice of gas temperature Material overheating even in the event of a press interruption and consequent standstill of Block transports can be excluded. As soon as the press is operational again, a block with exactly the right pressing temperature is immediately available.
- a major advantage, which concerns the production costs, is that in Extremely low compared to systems according to the state of the art Gas consumption due to the advantageous use of burners with integrated Exhaust gas recuperator for preheating the combustion air is reached.
- this cost advantage is the use of recuperative burners with integrated Combustion air preheating is also a great advantage in terms of control technology, because Combustion air preheating and burner operation are clearly linked are.
- the exhaust gas all burners collected in one place - the beginning of the is common Flame exposure zone - deducted and a central heat exchanger for the combustion air preheating supplied. Through the central exhaust gas extraction there is a longitudinal flow in the furnace which determines the temperature control behavior of the individual zones adversely affected.
- the door when removing a block on the outlet side of the heating device can be opened at continuous operation of the exhaust gas extraction even cold air enters the furnace, which in turn the temperature distribution in the material column as well as the Temperature control adversely affected.
- the method according to the invention and with the heating device according to the invention is by the operation of Recuperative burners with exhaust gas reducers achieved that only exhaust gas in the same or almost the same amount as the combustion gas generated is withdrawn, if the respective burner is really switched on.
- recuperator burners are namely operated at a very high flame exit speed. This creates a jet that flushes the block vigorously and for one Increase in convective heat transfer even without using a special flow drive ensures. On top of that, through the Induction effect of the pulsed burner jet also in the Existing hot exhaust gas is circulated with what in turn increases the convective heat transfer.
- recuperator burners also such recuperator burners to be used, which with so high furnace interior temperatures in the so-called Flox mode work with flameless oxidation.
- Flameless oxidation means that there is a mixture between gas, exhaust gas and combustion air in the burner in such a way that no flame is visible and the heat energy is released Oxidation takes place to a certain extent in the burner jet. This has crucial Advantages for the equalization of the heat transfer on the block surface.
- recuperator burners partly also suitable for Flox operation, are in EP 0 463 218 B1, EP 0 685 683 B1 and DE 195 41 922 C2.
- recuperative burners leads to the invention a shortening of the required system length in comparison with a system same performance according to the state of the art.
- the reason for this is that the Preheating zone, which is required in systems according to the state of the art, in order to There is no need to recuperate at least part of the exhaust gas heat.
- This shorter one Overall length with greater performance not only means saving space, it is also advantageous from a procedural point of view, since the block column contained in the system Shorter is what the operation of the plant with different alloys is essential simplified.
- the cooling method according to the invention and the Device for performing this method Because it won't be like in the prior art, a block through a cooling ring in the longitudinal direction moved through, but the block, held on its end faces, in total introduced a stationary cooling device.
- the cooling takes place by means of annular arrangement of individual nozzles, which are in during the cooling process precisely defined, fixed position in relation to the block.
- the Desired, to achieve the required temperature or temperature distribution necessary cooling effect is arranged by the operation of these in rings Individual nozzles with different pressures and / or different switch-on times reached.
- the effort for control and handling is much less than for devices according to the state of the art; in addition, the accuracy in the With regard to the temperature and temperature distribution to be achieved higher than at known facilities and methods.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic of the temperature profile for a block over time from Start of heating is shown until it is brought into the press.
- the completion of the warming takes place in at least one zone with convective heat transfer comparatively low overtemperature.
- the temperature compensation also takes place here for a maximum of 3 minutes. Then the transfer to the cooling station takes place.
- the block runs through one Temperature compensation time. In the end of this equalization period, the block becomes Press spent and then shows a temperature difference in isothermal pressing between the end of the block and the beginning of the block.
- Figure 2 shows schematically how the individual units for performing the invention Procedure are arranged.
- the press is schematic through the Reference numerals 2 and 3 indicated. 2 denotes the recipient in which the Block 1 inserted and during the extrusion process with the press ram 3 is pressed.
- the extruded profile, or with tools If there are several omissions, the profiles (not shown) are on the press outlet 12 out.
- the block 1 is loaded into the press 2, 3 with a block loader 4 is also only indicated schematically.
- the heating takes place in the direction of flow 9 initially by direct Flame application in the front part of the heating device 7 and then, for example, in two convection zones 8a connected in series and 8b, the last convection zone 8b in the direction of passage 9 being lower Gas temperature is operated as the front zone 8a.
- the block enters a transverse transport 5. Die Direction of movement is indicated by arrow 10. From the transverse transport 5 Block placed either in the cooling station 6a or in the cooling station 6b and moves in the direction of the movement arrows 11 a and 11 b.
- more than one cooling station makes sense if a system with high Productivity and short block sequence time works.
- the Gut 1 a pillar of individual bolts or sawn off to length Rods (only indicated in the figure for the sake of simplicity) via a transport device, e.g. B. as shown in Figure 3, via a roller table 20 passed through the device.
- the transport takes place with non-driven rollers via impact devices outside the device.
- Others, not in the figures Possibilities shown are the transport of the goods 1 through the device using a walking beam or a transport chain. It can also be powered Rolls or other transport options known from the prior art are used.
- the first part of the device essentially consists of the area where the flame is applied.
- two flame exposure zones are exemplary 7a, 7b.
- a separation zone 14 Closes the separation zone 14 the first 8a of two convection zones 8a, 8b; the in the direction of transport last convection zone 8b, which primarily applies to temperature compensation the completion of the device.
- the material 1 is heated by the flames generated with burner nozzles 15. Doing so the heat to a significant extent via radiation from the surrounding Transfer furnace space to good 1.
- the exhaust gas from the burner is collected and exhaust gas lines 16 from the Device derived.
- the convection zones 8a, 8b each have a flow system that at least a fan 17, at least one burner 22 for heating the heating gas and nozzles 18 arranged on both sides of the material for blowing, the material for Contains purpose of convective heat transfer.
- the nozzles 18 are over a Flow channel system 19 fed by the fan 17, s. Fig. 3.
- the exhaust gas is generated by a Heat exchanger 21 passed, with which the combustion air for the gas burner is preheated.
- the convection zones 8a, 8b are expediently used for Heating recuperative burner 22 used, so here by preheating the flue gas cooled by the combustion air escapes to the exhaust pipe of the burner.
- FIG. 1 A particularly advantageous embodiment of the flame exposure zone is shown schematically in FIG.
- the heating is done by a comparison to the smaller number of flame exposure zones shown in FIG Recuperator burners 22.
- the external one is therefore omitted in this embodiment Heat exchanger 21 for preheating the combustion air.
- the recuperator burners used cheaply as high-speed burners and / or High-speed Flox burner that works automatically when the appropriate one is reached Furnace temperature from normal combustion mode to Flox mode change, execute.
- the high speed burner beams can be made using the Coanda effect with favorable design of the burner nozzle, the material to be heated on one comparatively large area, as shown in Figure 5 by the schematic Flow arrows 23 is shown.
- the axes of the burners and thus the Flame beams 24 or burner beams during Flox operation can also be used against the Be inclined vertically to apply the flow to the surface of the crop improve. It is also possible to improve the burner jets 24 Good loading through nozzle mouthpieces made of high temperature resistant Material, e.g. B. affect silicon carbide.
- FIG. 6 shows such possible advantageous examples of the nozzles of high-speed burners.
- Figure 6a shows a burner nozzle which converts the round burner jet into a flat jet deformed
- Figure 6b shows a burner nozzle in which the flat jet in the middle has a web and the two partial beams are accordingly stronger are formed as in Figure 6a.
- Figure 6c shows a burner nozzle with a Exit cross-section of the kind of a "dog bone”
- Figure 6d shows the Cross section of a burner nozzle with which the burner jet from the vertical is distracted.
- Figure 6e shows a burner nozzle which in the burner jet several - in the figure in three - resolves individual rays, which with different Impact direction on the good surface. This way Heat flow densities of 300 kW / m2 and more also over larger portions of the Achieve block surface.
- the great advantage of the rapid heating device comes from the schematic Temperature profile for the core and the surface of the goods 1, which is shown in FIG 7 is shown.
- the flame exposure zones in the example of Figure 7 are two zones, F1 and F2, assuming the furnace temperature is extremely high, as in the usual flame exposure zones according to the prior art. Since these zones are now used at the beginning of the device, there is no danger of overheating, and that shown schematically in FIG Spreading the temperature curve for different points of the good does not play Role, because in the following two convection zones K1 and K2 the temperature can compensate.
- the block 1 is surrounded by groups of individual nozzles 25, which with a Spray pattern of the nozzles adapted pitch 26 in the longitudinal direction of the block 1 these are arranged in a ring.
- the nozzles 25 of a nozzle group are included connected to each other by a supply pipe 27.
- a supply pipe 27 is supplied with the cooling fluid from the supply pipe of a nozzle group 28.
- Cooling fluid is water that is specially prepared if necessary, e.g. B. is demineralized.
- a pressure accumulator can also be used to supply the spray nozzles 25, z.
- an elevated water tank can be used.
- the block 1 is held by a clamp bracket 34 on both ends, see. Fig. 9.
- the clamp bracket 34 like a screw clamp, consists of a fixed part 34a and a movable part 34b, the movable part z. B. is drawn to the fixed part by means of cylinders 35. It can be both Pneumatic cylinders as well as hydraulic cylinders are used.
- the Clamp bracket 34 designed so that a nose 34c prevents the block from falling prevent.
- This linear guide is fixed with guide rails 37 connected, which are displaceable in guide rollers 38 in the longitudinal direction of the block.
- This Shifting causes the moving in and out of the loading and unloading position 39 blocks received with the clamp bracket.
- the shift can be like also the clamping by means of cylinder 45 pneumatically or hydraulically or with another linear output, e.g. B. by means of chain drive, spindle or rack respectively.
- the block arrives in the loading and unloading position 39 with a transverse displacement device 40, which brings the block 1 into the open clamp bracket 34.
- a transverse displacement device 40 With the Clamp bracket 34, it is possible to clamp blocks of different lengths.
- the tool side of the block is always on the fixed clamp bracket 34a so that there is a clear assignment between the temperature profile and the block.
- Figure 9 is the possibility of clamping blocks of different lengths by the position 34b of the movable clamp holder shown in dashed lines indicated.
- the spray area of the device is enclosed by a housing 41 which can be easily removed.
- the housing has one on the loading and unloading side Door, e.g. B. a lifting door 42. It is advantageous in the housing, for. B. with a appropriately sized fan to create a vacuum by Exhaust air from the housing to the outside, e.g. B. over the roof. This will reliably prevents moisture and steam from entering the installation room Cooling device and thus get into the working area of the press.
- the whole Device is supported by a steel profile frame 43 which is on the flat Hut floor can be put on.
- the angular division 44 of the individual nozzles 25 depends on their spray pattern. in the in general, a pitch angle of 45 ° is sufficient. This pitch angle permits the problem-free arrangement of the linear guide 36 without impairment the spray pattern of the nozzles on the block surface.
- the nozzle groups can be activated individually.
- the associated regulating valve 31 allows individual setting of the nozzle pressure required for each nozzle group.
- the Adjustment of the regulating valves 31 and the actuation of the shut-off elements 30 take place expediently by means of a process control.
- a cooling process at which block 1 is both cooled as a whole and one To get "temperature tapers”
- all nozzle groups are initially at the same time switched on. After a time interval sufficient for total cooling the nozzle groups, starting at the tool side of the block, switched off one after the other so that the total cooling time from the beginning of the block (Tool side) to the end of the block (press ram side) increases.
- the bigger the Time difference between switching off the nozzle group at the beginning of the block and at Block end the greater the temperature difference over the block length and the more more pronounced the "temperature tapers".
- the one used according to the invention for block 1 and on the end faces of the block attacking clamp bracket 34 guarantees a uniform, not by any deposits affected the block surface the cooling fluid.
- the clamp bracket also shields the end faces of the block, so that the heat flow in block 1 also takes place almost radially at the ends and the temperature distribution caused by the cooling does not interfere with end effects is influenced on the end faces.
- the even exposure to the Cooling fluid, here water, is guaranteed in the interesting area of the block surface temperatures an even cooling, because above the suffering frost temperature in the area of stable film evaporation, the heat transfer on a flat surface essentially depends only on the density of water.
- Figure 10 shows typical cooling curves for different measuring points in a block.
- the position of the measuring points 1 to 12 is illustrated in the sketches in the figure.
- the Numbers on the curves refer to the numbers of the Temperature measurement points. It can be seen that after a cooling time of approx. 18 s and a desired compensation time of approx. 60 s following the cooling time "Temperature taper" of approx. 10 K / 100 mm block length and the temperature also across the block cross-section up to max. approx. 20 K is balanced. This Temperature compensation continues during the time that passes until the start of the press and the time required to move and position the block of approx. 25 s further, so that both the desired Cooling as well as the desired "temperature taper" with good, reproducible Accuracy.
- the cooling according to the invention in a fixed position with different cooling times over the block length uses the well-known physical property of temperature compensation processes, the same with increasing distance between points The temperature difference with the square is slower, i.e. in the radial direction occur much faster than in the axial direction.
Description
- Figur 1
- den Temperaturverlauf für einen Block über der Zeit von Beginn der Schnellerwärmung über die Schroffabkühlung bis zum Verbringen in die Presse;
- Figur 2
- die Anordnung der einzelnen Aggregate zur Durchführung der erfindungsgemäßen Wärmebehandlung;
- Figur 3
- eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Durchführung der Schnellerwärrnung mit Schnittdarstellungen der hintereinander angeordneten Vorrichtungsteile, wobei die Erwärmung mit direkter Flammenbeaufschlagung nach dem Stand der Technik erfolgt;
- Figur 4
- ein Fließbild der in Figur 3 schematisch dargestellten Anlage zur Durchführung der Schnelleerwärmung;
- Figur 5
- eine andere erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsform der Zone der Vorrichtung mit direkter Flammenbeaufschlagung mit Verwendung von Rekuperatorbrennern;
- Figur 6
- vorteilhafte Düsen-Formen für Hochgeschwindigkeits-Rekuperator brenner;
- Figur 7
- einen typischen Temperaturverlauf in den einzelnen Teilen der Erwärmungsvorrichtung und im mit der Vorrichtung erwärmten Gut;
- Figur8
- die Schroffabkühlvorrichtung in einem schematisch dargestellten, vereinfachten Querschnitt;
- Figur 9
- eine schematisch vereinfachte Längsansicht der Schroffabkühlvorrichtung, bei welcher das Gehäuse im Schnitt dargestellt ist;
- Figur 10
- ein Diagramm mit typischen Abkühlkurven für die im Diagramm bezeichneten Messpunkte im abzukühlenden Block.
Claims (13)
- Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung eines gegossenen, homogenisierten und anschließend abgekühlten metallischen Pressbolzens oder, bei Verwendung einer Warmschere, eines Stangenabschnitts, vorzugsweise aus einer Leichtmetalllegierung, unmittelbar vor dem Einbringen in die Pressvorrichtung,a) bei dem der Pressbolzen/Stangenabschnitt (1) wiedererwärmt wird,b) der wieder erwärmte Pressbolzen/Stangenabschnitt (1) anschließend abgekühlt undc) der Pressvorrichtung zugeführt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dassd) der Pressbolzen/Stangenabschnitt (1), bezogen auf 200 mm Durchmesser, in maximal 20 Minuten auf die erforderlich Temperatur wiedererwärmt wird, und dasse) der wieder erwärmte Pressbolzen/Stangenabschnitt (1) für maximal 3 Minuten einem passiven Temperaturausgleich unterworfen wird,f) der zu einer Temperaturgleichmäßigkeit, bezogen auf 200 mm Durchmesser, von weniger als ± 10 K führt.
- Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung eines gegossenen, homogenisierten und anschließend abgekühlten metallischen Pressbolzens oder, bei Verwendung einer Warmschere, eines Stangenabschnitts, vorzugsweise aus einer Leichtmetalllegierung, unmittelbar vor dem Einbringen in die Pressvorrichtung,a) bei dem der PressboizenlStangenabschnitt (1) wiedererwärmt wird,b) der wiedererwärmte Pressbolzen/Stangenabschnitt (1) anschließend abgekühlt undc) der Pressvorrichtung zugeführt wird,d) der wiedererwärmte Pressbolzen/Stangenabschnitt (1) einer Schroffabkühlung mit Wasserspritzdüsen (25) derart unterworfen wird, dass sich, bezogen auf 200 mm Durchmesser, innerhalb einer Düsenspritzdauer von maximal 30 Sekunden auf der Oberfläche des Pressbolzens/Stangenabschnitts (1) eine Temperatur einstellt, die mindestens 150 K unter der Presstemperatur liegt, und dasse) sich die gewünschte Temperaturverteilung im Pressbolzen/Stangenabschnitt (1) sowohl über dem Querschnitt als auch in der Länge nach Ablauf einer Temperaturausgleichszeit einstellt, die länger ist als die Düsenspritzdauer.
- Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung eines Pressbolzens/Stangenabschnitts (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Pressbolzen /Stangenabschnitt (1) auf die für die jeweilige Legierung höchste optimale Temperatur erwärmt wird und bei einer gegenüber dieser Temperatur aufgrund der Erfordernisse des Pressvorganges niedrigeren Presstemperatur im Anschluss an die Erwärmung eine Schroffabkühlung erfolgt, bei welcher der Pressbolzen/Stangenabschnitt (1) derart abgekühlt wird, dass er nach aktiver Kühlzeit und einer sich daran anschließenden Temperaturausgleichszeit die geforderte, niedrigere Presstemperatur aufweist, insbesondere, wenn bei der Abkühlung von der höchsten optimalen Temperatur für die jeweilige Legierung auf die für den Pressvorgang erforderliche niedrigere Presstemperatur ein sogenannter Temperaturtaper erzeugt wird.
- Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung eines Pressbolzens/Stangenabschnitts, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem ersten Teil (7) eine Erwärmung durch Gasbrennerflammen, welche die Oberfläche berühren, und in einem zweiten Teil (8) eine Erwärmung durch erzwungene Konvektion mittels auf die Gutoberfläche aufgeblasener Heißgas-Düsenstrahlen erfolgen, dass der in Guttransportrichtung betrachtet letzte Unterbereich (8b) der Erwärmung durch erzwungen Konvektion im wesentlichen dem Temperaturausgleich im Gut dient und mit nur geringer Obertemperatur gegenüber der Endtemperatur betrieben wird, dass unmittelbar im Anschluss an eine vorangegangene Schnellerwärmung eine Schroffabkühlung mit einzelnen Wasserspritzdüsen (25) vorweggenommen wird, deren Achsen radial zur horizontalen Gutachse gerichtet sind und die einzeln oder in Gruppen mit unterschiedlichen Drücken und/oder unterschiedlichen Einschaltzeiten betreibbar sind.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Kühlfluid demineralisiertes Wasser verwendet wird.
- Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung eines gegossenen, homogenisierten metallischen Pressbolzens oder, bei Verwendung einer Warmschere, eine Stangenabschnittes, vorzugsweise aus einer Leichtmetalliegierung, unmittelbar vor dem Eindringen in die Pressvorrichtung,a) mit einer Erwärmungsvorrichtung (7, 8) undb) mit einer Abkühlungsvorrichtung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dassc) die Erwärmungsvorrichtung einen ersten Teil (7) mit Erwärmung durch Gasbrennerflammen, welche die Oberfläche berühren, und einen zweiten Teil (8) mit Erwärmung durch erzwungene Konvektion mittels auf die Gutoberfläche aufgeblasene Heißgas-Düsenstrahlen aufweist,d) wobei der in Guttransportrichtung betrachtet letzte Unterbereich (8b) der Erwärmung durch erzwungene Konvektion im Wesentlichen dem Temperaturausgleich im Gut dient und mit nur geringer Temperatur über der Endtemperatur betrieben wird.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Erzeugung der Gasbrennerflammen Rekuperatorbrenner (22) verwendet werden, und dass die Düsen der Rekuperatorbrenner (22) mit Mundstücken aus hoch hitzebeständigem Werkstoff zur Querschnittsveränderung der Brennerstrahlen (24) ausgestattet sind, wobei insbesondere die Düsen der Rekuperatorbrenner (2) die Richtung der Brennerstrahlen (24) verändern und/oder die Mundstücke die Brennerstrahlen (24) jeweils in mindestens zwei Einzelstrahlen aufteilen.
- Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der Pressbolzen oder Stangenabschnitt (1) während des Kühlvorganges in einer festen Position in der Schroff-Abkühlvorrichtung befindet, die aus ringförmigen Anordnungen von Einzeldüsen (25) besteht, wobei insbesondere eine Düsengruppe jeweils durch die Düsen einer ringförmigen Düsenanordnung gebildet wird und/oder die Düsen je nach Orientierung zur Mantelfläche des Bolzens unterschiedliche Größen aufweisen.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Bolzen während des Kühlvorganges von einer an den Bolzenstimflächen angreifenden, auf verschiedene Bolzenlängen einstellbaren Klemmhalterung (34) gehalten ist, die insbesondere an der Bolzenunterseite Nasen (34c) zur zusätzlichen Sicherung des Bolzens durch Formschluss aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruche 9, gekennzeichnet durch eine Be- und Entladeposition für die Klemmvorrichtung (34) vor der Kühleinrichtung.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kühlzeit für die einzelnen Düsengruppen unterschiedlich ist, wobei sich insbesondere an die Kühlzeit eine Zeitspanne zum Temperaturausgleich anschließt.
- Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei kurzen Bolzenfolgezeiten mindestens zwei Abkühlvorrichtungen parallel betrieben werden.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Düsen der Schroff Abkühlvorrichtung aus einem Druckspeicher mit dem Kühlfluid versorgt werden.
Priority Applications (1)
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EP03000006A EP1300484B1 (de) | 1999-09-10 | 2000-09-08 | Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von metallischen Pressbolzen |
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DE19943354A DE19943354C1 (de) | 1999-09-10 | 1999-09-10 | Vorrichtung zur gleichmäßigen Schnellerwärmung von Pressbolzen oder Stangen, insbesondere aus Leichtmetalllegierungen |
DE19943354 | 1999-09-10 | ||
DE19946998 | 1999-09-30 | ||
DE19946998A DE19946998B4 (de) | 1999-09-30 | 1999-09-30 | Vorrichtung zur Abkühlung eines metallischen Pressbolzens oder Stangenabschnitts |
PCT/EP2000/008828 WO2001020053A1 (de) | 1999-09-10 | 2000-09-08 | Verfahren zur wärmebehandlung von metallischen pressbolzen |
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EP03000006A Division EP1300484B1 (de) | 1999-09-10 | 2000-09-08 | Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von metallischen Pressbolzen |
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EP1218562A1 EP1218562A1 (de) | 2002-07-03 |
EP1218562B1 true EP1218562B1 (de) | 2004-01-21 |
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EP00960638A Expired - Lifetime EP1218562B1 (de) | 1999-09-10 | 2000-09-08 | Verfahren zur wärmebehandlung von metallischen pressbolzen |
EP03000006A Expired - Lifetime EP1300484B1 (de) | 1999-09-10 | 2000-09-08 | Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung von metallischen Pressbolzen |
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EP (2) | EP1218562B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2003525347A (de) |
AT (2) | ATE258236T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU7286100A (de) |
DE (2) | DE50005095D1 (de) |
ES (2) | ES2213042T3 (de) |
NO (1) | NO20021165L (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001020053A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005001080A1 (de) * | 2005-01-08 | 2006-07-20 | KTI-engineering GbR (vertreterberechtigte Gesellschafter Keyhan Kouhestani, 78333 Stockach und Izzet Toksoez, 78333 Stockach) | Vorrichtung mit wenigstens einem Ofen zum Erwärmen von Stranggussstangen |
CN100431781C (zh) * | 2006-12-06 | 2008-11-12 | 重庆长征重工有限责任公司 | 锻压设备用锤杆的制造方法 |
Families Citing this family (4)
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DE102016118252A1 (de) | 2016-09-27 | 2018-03-29 | Schwartz Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung eines metallischen Bauteils |
PL424249A1 (pl) * | 2018-01-17 | 2019-07-29 | Albatros Aluminium Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością | Zespół do chłodzenia profili, zwłaszcza aluminiowych |
DE102019203157B4 (de) | 2019-01-08 | 2020-07-23 | Sms Group Gmbh | Schale als Transportschuh für induktiv zu erwärmende Stahlblöcke, Verfahren zur induktiven Erwärmung von Stahlblöcken unter Verwendung einer solchen Schale sowie Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE102021107670A1 (de) | 2021-03-26 | 2022-09-29 | Extrutec Gmbh | Heizvorrichtung für ein stangenartiges Werkstück |
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US3222227A (en) * | 1964-03-13 | 1965-12-07 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Heat treatment and extrusion of aluminum alloy |
JPS5939482B2 (ja) * | 1977-04-15 | 1984-09-25 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | 火炎衝撃型加熱炉における加熱方法 |
DE3203433C2 (de) * | 1982-02-02 | 1984-08-09 | Friedrich Wilhelm Dipl.-Ing. 7761 Moos Elhaus | Anwärmofen für langgestrecktes Gut |
JPS59143039A (ja) * | 1983-02-04 | 1984-08-16 | Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd | 押出用Al―Mg―Si系アルミニウム合金鋳塊の製造法 |
JPS63190148A (ja) * | 1987-01-31 | 1988-08-05 | Furukawa Alum Co Ltd | 構造用Al−Zn−Mg系合金押出材の製造方法 |
NO166879C (no) * | 1987-07-20 | 1991-09-11 | Norsk Hydro As | Fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av en aluminiumslegering. |
US5027634A (en) * | 1990-02-28 | 1991-07-02 | Granco-Clark, Inc. | Solutionizing taper quench |
JPH0747806B2 (ja) * | 1991-05-20 | 1995-05-24 | 住友軽金属工業株式会社 | 高強度アルミニウム合金押出形材の製造方法 |
CH686072A5 (de) * | 1992-06-19 | 1995-12-29 | Alusuisse Lonza Services Ag | Sprayanlage zum Kuhlen von Profilen. |
US5802905A (en) * | 1993-02-18 | 1998-09-08 | Sms Hasenclever Gmbh | Process and device for applying a temperature profile to metal blocks for extrusion |
US5337768A (en) * | 1993-03-15 | 1994-08-16 | Granco Clark, Inc. | Extrusion billet taper quench unit |
DE19538364C5 (de) * | 1995-10-14 | 2007-05-24 | Carl Prof. Dr.-Ing. Kramer | Vorrichtung zur Schnellerwärmung von Metall-Preßbolzen |
JPH09310141A (ja) * | 1996-05-16 | 1997-12-02 | Nippon Light Metal Co Ltd | 押出し性に優れた構造材料用高強度Al−Zn−Mg系合金押出し形材及びその製造方法 |
JPH1180876A (ja) * | 1997-09-08 | 1999-03-26 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 押出性に優れたAl−Zn−Mg系アルミ合金およびAl−Zn−Mg系アルミ合金押出材の製造方法 |
-
2000
- 2000-09-08 EP EP00960638A patent/EP1218562B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-08 WO PCT/EP2000/008828 patent/WO2001020053A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-09-08 ES ES00960638T patent/ES2213042T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-08 JP JP2001523420A patent/JP2003525347A/ja active Pending
- 2000-09-08 AU AU72861/00A patent/AU7286100A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-09-08 DE DE50005095T patent/DE50005095D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-08 AT AT00960638T patent/ATE258236T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102005001080A1 (de) * | 2005-01-08 | 2006-07-20 | KTI-engineering GbR (vertreterberechtigte Gesellschafter Keyhan Kouhestani, 78333 Stockach und Izzet Toksoez, 78333 Stockach) | Vorrichtung mit wenigstens einem Ofen zum Erwärmen von Stranggussstangen |
CN100431781C (zh) * | 2006-12-06 | 2008-11-12 | 重庆长征重工有限责任公司 | 锻压设备用锤杆的制造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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NO20021165L (no) | 2002-05-07 |
EP1218562A1 (de) | 2002-07-03 |
EP1300484B1 (de) | 2006-07-12 |
ES2213042T3 (es) | 2004-08-16 |
AU7286100A (en) | 2001-04-17 |
EP1300484A1 (de) | 2003-04-09 |
WO2001020053A1 (de) | 2001-03-22 |
ES2268168T3 (es) | 2007-03-16 |
NO20021165D0 (no) | 2002-03-08 |
ATE332985T1 (de) | 2006-08-15 |
DE50013171D1 (de) | 2006-08-24 |
ATE258236T1 (de) | 2004-02-15 |
JP2003525347A (ja) | 2003-08-26 |
DE50005095D1 (de) | 2004-02-26 |
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