Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
  • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
  • C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
  • B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
  • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
  • B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
  • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
  • C21D1/52—Methods of heating with flames
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
  • C21D9/0075—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rods of limited length
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
  • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
  • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
  • C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
  • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
  • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
  • C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
  • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
  • C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
  • C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets

Definitions

• the invention relates to methods for the heat treatment of metallic press bolts or - when using a pair of warm shears - rod sections prior to being introduced into the extrusion press and devices for carrying out the method.
• Cast, homogenized and then cooled blocks are subjected to a heat treatment immediately before being introduced into the pressing device, in which the blocks are reheated, then cooled and fed to the pressing device.
• the press block which is cast in the usual way, primarily made of an AIMgSi alloy, is first homogenized and cooled after the casting process, in accordance with the prior art. Before pressing, it is heated to a temperature above the solubility temperature of the phases which have been eliminated in the cooling after the homogenization and is kept at this temperature until the phases are dissolved again. After this reheating, during which the block is at a temperature of more than 350 ° C. for a maximum of 20 minutes, the block is rapidly cooled to the pressing temperature, which is lower than the solubility temperature and not more than 510 ° C. With this cooling, the re-excretion of phases is to be prevented.
• this method is not suitable for use in a heat treatment process that takes place with a highly productive extrusion press before the actual extrusion process.
• Such a moderately fast cooling is disadvantageous, however, if a temperature profile falling against the pressing direction, a so-called temperature taper, is to be achieved in the block by the cooling before pressing, because with a relatively slow cooling there is also considerable temperature compensation in the longitudinal direction , which makes it difficult or impossible to produce the desired temperature taper with the help of controlled cooling.
• a temperature taper is, however, a prerequisite for the advantageous isothermal pressing in direct-working extrusion presses.
• the main purpose of the method described in EP-B1-0 302 623 is to improve the quality of the extruded products while increasing the pressing speed.
• examples are described in the aforementioned document.
• This is a method according to the prior art compared with the method according to EP-B1-0 302 623.
• the surface quality as well as with regard to the strength values, namely RPO 2, RM and elongation, no noticeably positive effect can be determined when this method is used, taking into account the scatter of technical measurement values.
• This is not surprising, since experience has shown that the most precise temperature control is very important when extruding, in particular light alloys with high productivity. With regard to this temperature control, however, the aforementioned document does not contain any statements as to which temperature accuracy is required or how this accuracy is to be achieved.
• a device for heating press bolts and rods is described in WO 83/02661. Burners or hot gas jets generated by combustion are applied to the surface of the crop. The exhaust gas is collected with an exhaust gas duct above the heating area and fed to a preheating zone with convective heat transfer. The convective heat transfer takes place by blowing the heat material with slot nozzles arranged on the side, the gas flow for feeding these slot nozzles being circulated with fans in a closed circuit.
• This device is only conditionally suitable for heating with narrow temperature tolerances at high throughput, since the temperature accuracy, which can be achieved with direct flame exposure, leaves something to be desired even with moderate throughputs.
• the z. B. works with direct flame exposure to better exploit, a device is described in DE-OS 26 37 646 in which the hot exhaust gas is circulated in convection heating zones before the quick heating part with flame exposure and is inflated with jet jets onto the material before it is blown in the direction of good transport Leaves device through the exhaust stack.
• the nozzles are slot nozzles arranged on both sides of the material with longitudinal axes of the nozzle openings perpendicular to the product axis.
• This device also has the arrangement of the convection heating zone in front of the heating zone with direct flame exposure which is unfavorable with regard to the uniformity of the heating.
• Devices with heating by direct flame exposure do allow quite high heating rates due to the high furnace chamber temperature - for devices for heating light metal alloys by 1000 ° C - but the temperature distribution in the material is very uneven. Particularly with changing crop surfaces, satisfactory temperature uniformity cannot be achieved due to the changing strong radiation influence, even with complex control and regulation technology. If the production process suddenly stops, e.g. B. because of a press or tool problem, it often even melts the heat. In addition, the energy utilization is low and consequently the heating power and energy requirements related to the material throughput are high.
• US-A 5,027,634 describes a cooling device which consists of at least one cooling ring through which the block is pushed during the cooling process by means of an impact device. By changing the impact speed, the cooling caused by the cooling device over the block length can be influenced.
• the cooling ring itself has numerous bores with a relatively small diameter, through which the water used as cooling fluid is sprayed onto the block.
• the cooling ring is open at the top for the passage of the impact device.
• Disadvantages of this device are, in addition to the complicated control of the block movements and the complex transport mechanism, in particular the small cooling nozzles, which tend to clog, and the uneven cooling effect over the circumference, which is caused by the opening at the top of the cooling ring for passage of the impact device, because in there are no cooling nozzles in this area.
• this vapor film is different on the underside, on the top and on both sides of the block, where the tangent to the surface is vertical. As a result, it should also be possible to adapt the water supply to these different situations in order to achieve uniform cooling.
• the device according to US Pat. No. 5,325,694 attempts to simplify the handling of the device and to automate the control by constructing a control loop which links the temperature reduction of the block caused by the cooling with the block feed rate.
• the additional sensors required make the device not only more complex, but also more prone to failure.
• US-A 5,337,768 describes a further embodiment of the control of such a device, but which has the same basic disadvantages as the aforementioned US-A 5,325,694.
• the invention has for its object to provide methods for the heat treatment of metallic press bolts or rod sections before insertion into the extrusion press, and devices for carrying out the method, in which the above-mentioned disadvantages do not occur.
• methods and devices are to be proposed which enable a very fast and at the same time very precise heat treatment from reheating and cooling. This is achieved by the features of the respective main claims, while expedient variants of these methods and devices are defined by the associated subclaims.
• This temperature scanner as has long been known as the prior art, is required to compensate for the increasing mechanical energy input from the beginning of the block to the end of the block, which is converted into heat during the pressing process, so that the pressing process can nevertheless proceed isothermally.
• bolts or rods that is to say blocks, are first heated as quickly as possible to a pressing temperature which is as high as possible and depends on the respective material, the temperature in the block being evenly distributed after this heating with a very low temperature tolerance.
• Typical is e.g. B. for light metal alloys a temperature tolerance of less than ⁇ 10 K, z. B. ⁇ 5 K for block diameters from 250 mm to 300 mm.
• the respective profile shape - and the desired starting temperature which is as high as possible for productivity reasons, has the optimum starting temperature on the side of the block facing the tool, and the optimum distribution of this temperature over the length of the block.
• Typical for the fastest possible cooling is an active cooling time of approx. 30 s, which is followed by a time for temperature compensation by heat conduction, which takes place primarily over the cross-section of the block, which is typically somewhat longer than the active cooling time.
• the method according to the invention allows the block to be provided with exactly the required temperature or temperature distribution, and this with the necessary low temperature tolerance.
• the block has a defined higher temperature at the beginning than the pressing temperature, which is distributed as evenly as possible in the remaining block.
• This is also easily possible with the method according to the invention, since in addition to a uniform temperature distribution, local temperature differences, e.g. B. higher temperature can only be generated at the beginning of the block.
• Another advantage of the method according to the invention is its suitability for press operation with maximum productivity.
• cooling time and temperature compensation time are longer than the pressing sequence, the so-called block sequence time, two cooling devices can be operated in parallel, so that regardless of the block sequence time, each block can individually experience the necessary cooling time and compensation time, even if the two time periods in the addition are longer than the block sequence time.
• the method according to the invention has decisive advantages over the prior art.
• rapid heating by means of direct flame exposure during the first part of the heating process is combined with convective heating in the final part.
• convective heating any material overheating, even if the press is interrupted and consequently the block transport stops, can be prevented by suitable selection of the gas temperature.
• a block with exactly the right press temperature is immediately available.
• a significant advantage, which relates to the production costs, is the extremely low gas consumption compared to systems according to the prior art, which is achieved by the advantageous use of burners with an integrated exhaust gas recuperator for preheating the combustion air.
• the use of recuperative burners with integrated combustion air preheating is also a great advantage in terms of control technology, since combustion air preheating and burner operation are clearly linked.
• the exhaust gas from all the burners is collected, withdrawn at one point - usually the beginning of the flame exposure zone - and fed to a central heat exchanger for preheating the combustion air.
• the central exhaust gas extraction creates a longitudinal flow in the furnace, which adversely affects the temperature control behavior of the individual zones.
• recuperative burners with an exhaust gas detector ensures that exhaust gas in the same or almost the same amount as the combustion gas generated is only removed when the respective burner is actually switched on.
• recuperator burners are operated at a very high flame exit speed. This creates a jet that flushes the block vigorously and ensures an increase in convective heat transfer even without the use of a special flow drive.
• that in the Existing hot exhaust gas is circulated with the heating device, which in turn increases the convective heat transfer.
• recuperator burners for heating
• recuperator burners which operate in flox mode with flameless oxidation at correspondingly high furnace interior temperatures.
• Flameless oxidation means that gas, exhaust gas and combustion air are mixed in the burner in such a way that no flame is visible and the thermal energy-releasing oxidation takes place in the burner jet to a certain extent. This has decisive advantages for the equalization of the heat transfer on the block surface.
• recuperator burners some of which are also suitable for Flox operation, are described in DE 34 22 221 4, EP 0 463 218 Bl, EP 0 685 683 Bl and DE 195 41 922 C2.
• recuperative burners according to the invention leads to a shortening of the required system length in comparison with a system of the same power according to the prior art.
• the reason for this is that the preheating zone, which is required in systems according to the prior art in order to recuperate at least part of the exhaust gas heat, is eliminated.
• This shorter overall length with greater performance not only means saving space, but is also advantageous in terms of process technology, since the block column contained in the system is shorter, which considerably simplifies the operation of the system with different alloys.
• the method according to the invention has the following advantages with regard to heating: 1. Division of the heating into rapid heating by means of direct flame exposure only in the front part of the heating device, whereas at the end of the heating device the heat transfer takes place convectively. As a result, the high heating rate with direct flame exposure is combined with uniform heating without the risk of local overheating with convective heating.
• the cooling method according to the invention and the device for carrying out this method have further advantages. This is because, as in the prior art, a block is not moved through a cooling ring in the longitudinal direction, but rather the block, held on its end faces, is introduced into a stationary cooling device as a whole.
• the cooling takes place by means of an annular arrangement of individual nozzles, which are located in a precisely defined, fixed position in relation to the block during the cooling process.
• the desired cooling effect necessary to achieve the required temperature or temperature distribution is achieved by operating these individual nozzles arranged in rings with different pressures and / or different switch-on times reached.
• the effort for control and handling is much less than for devices according to the prior art; in addition, the accuracy with regard to the temperature and temperature distribution to be achieved is higher than in known devices and methods.
• Figure 1 shows the temperature curve for a block over time from the start of rapid heating via the Schroff cooling until it is brought into the press;
• FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of the individual units for performing the heat treatment according to the invention
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of a device according to the invention for carrying out the rapid heating with sectional views of the device parts arranged one behind the other, the heating being carried out with direct flame exposure according to the prior art;
• FIG. 4 shows a flow diagram of the system for carrying out the rapid heating, shown schematically in FIG. 3;
• FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the zone according to the invention of the device with direct flame exposure using recuperator burners;
• FIG. 6 advantageous nozzle shapes for high-speed recuperator burners;
• FIG. 7 shows a typical temperature profile in the individual parts of the heating device and in the material heated with the device
• Figure8 shows the Schroffabkühlvortechnische in a schematic, simplified cross section
• FIG. 9 shows a schematically simplified longitudinal view of the rugged cooling device, in which the housing is shown in section;
• Figure 10 is a diagram with typical cooling curves for the measuring points in the diagram to be cooled in the block.
• FIG. 1 schematically shows the temperature profile for a block over time from the beginning of the heating to the time it is brought into the press.
• the block undergoes rapid heating in a maximum of 20 minutes in the area of the device, which in the example of FIG. 1 works with direct flame exposure through recuperator or recuperator Flox burners, so that there is no preheating zone for exhaust gas cooling.
• the heating is completed in at least one zone with convective heat transfer at a comparatively low overtemperature. This is also where the tempera compensation takes place for a maximum of 3 minutes. Then the transfer to the cooling station takes place. After the active cooling time of maximum 30 seconds, the block goes through a temperature compensation time.
• FIG. 2 shows schematically how the individual units are arranged for performing the method according to the invention.
• the press is indicated schematically by reference numerals 2 and 3. 2 denotes the recipient into which the block 1 is inserted and pressed with the press ram 3 during the extrusion process.
• the extruded profile, or in the case of tools with several outlets, the profiles (not shown) are guided on the press outlet 12.
• the block 1 is loaded into the press 2, 3 with a block loader 4, which is also only indicated schematically.
• the heating takes place in the direction of flow 9, first by direct flame exposure in the front part of the heating device 7 and then, for example, in two convection zones 8a and 8b connected in series, the last convection zone 8b in the direction of flow 9 being operated with a lower gas temperature than the front zone 8a.
• the block arrives in a transverse transport 5 from the heating device 7. The direction of movement is indicated by the arrow 10. From the transverse transport 5, the block is either introduced into the cooling station 6a or into the cooling station 6b and moves in the direction of the movement arrows 11a and 11b. As already mentioned, more than one cooling station makes sense if a system works with high productivity and short block sequence times.
• the good 1 a column of individual bolts or rods which have already been sawn to length (only indicated in the figure for reasons of simplification), is conveyed via a transport device, e.g. B. as shown in Figure 3, a roller conveyor 20 through the Vorrichmng.
• a transport device e.g. B. as shown in Figure 3, a roller conveyor 20 through the Vorrichmng.
• the transport takes place via impact devices outside the device.
• Other possibilities not shown in the figures, are the transport of the goods 1 through the device by means of a walking beam or a transport chain. It can also be powered Rolls or other transport options known from the prior art can be used.
• the first part of the device essentially consists of the area of flame exposure.
• two flame exposure zones 7a, 7b are shown as an example.
• the separation zone 14 is followed by the first 8a of two convection zones 8a, 8b; the last convection zone 8b in the direction of transport, which primarily applies to temperature compensation, forms the end of the device.
• the material 1 is heated by the flames generated with burner nozzles 15. To a large extent, the heat is transmitted to the material 1 via radiation from the surrounding furnace space.
• the exhaust gas from the burners is collected in the input zone 13 and the separation zone 14 and is discharged from the apparatus via exhaust gas lines 16.
• the convection zones 8a, 8b each have a flow system which contains at least one fan 17, at least one burner 22 for heating the heating gas and nozzles 18 arranged on both sides of the material for blowing, the material for the purpose of convective heat transfer.
• the nozzles 18 are fed by the fan 17 via a flow channel system 19, see FIG. Fig. 3.
• the exhaust gas is passed through a heat exchanger 21, with which the combustion air for the gas burners is preheated.
• Recuperator burners 22 are expediently used for heating in the convection zones 8a, 8b, so that here the exhaust gas cooled by preheating the combustion air exits to the exhaust port of the burner.
• a particularly advantageous embodiment of the flame exposure zone is shown schematically in FIG.
• the heating takes place by means of a smaller number of recuperator burners 22 compared to the flame exposure zone shown in FIG. 3.
• the external heat exchanger 21 for the combustion air preheating is therefore not required in this embodiment.
• the recuperator burners used can be inexpensively designed as high-speed burners and / or high-speed Flox burners, which automatically switch from normal combustion mode to Flox mode when the corresponding furnace chamber temperature is reached.
• the high-speed burner jets can act on the material to be heated on a comparatively large area using the Coanda effect with a favorable design of the burner nozzle, as shown in FIG. 5 by the schematic flow arrows 23.
• the axes of the burners and thus of the flame jets 24 or burner jets during Flox operation can also be inclined against the vertical in order to improve the flow on the surface of the crop.
• FIG. 6 shows such possible, advantageous examples for the nozzles of high-speed burners.
• FIG. 6a shows a burner nozzle which deforms the round burner jet into a flat jet;
• FIG. 6b shows a burner nozzle in which the flat jet has a web in the middle and the two partial jets are correspondingly stronger than in FIG. 6a.
• FIG. 6c shows a burner nozzle with an outlet cross section of the "dog bone”type;
• FIG. 6d shows the cross section of a burner nozzle with which the burner jet is deflected from the vertical.
• FIG. 6e shows a burner nozzle which dissolves the burner jet into several — in the figure in three — individual jets which impinge on the surface of the crop in different directions. This way Achieve heat flow densities of 300 kW / m2 and more even over larger parts of the block surface.
• FIGS. 8 to 10 An advantageous exemplary embodiment of a cooling device for carrying out the cooling of the block in accordance with the heat treatment method according to the invention is described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10.
• the block 1 is surrounded by groups of individual nozzles 25 which are arranged in a ring around the block 1 with a division 26 adapted to the spray pattern of the nozzles.
• the nozzles 25 of a nozzle group are connected to one another by a supply pipe 27.
• a supply pipe 27 is supplied with the cooling fluid from the supply pipe of a nozzle group 28. Water is used as the cooling fluid, which is specially prepared if necessary, e.g. B. is demineralized.
• a water basin 32 from which the pump, not shown, conveys the cooling fluid back into the central supply line 29 via a suction line 33.
• a filter unit and a recooler for removing the heat extracted from the cooling fluid from the block are also installed in this circuit.
• a drop pipe can also be used instead of the return pump if a water tank with a corresponding height difference can be set up below the cooling device.
• a pressure accumulator e.g. B. an elevated water tank can be used.
• the block 1 is held by a clamp bracket 34 on both ends, see. Fig. 9.
• the clamp bracket 34 similar to a screw clamp, consists of a fixed part 34a and a movable part 34b, the movable part z. B. is drawn to the fixed part by means of cylinders 35. Both pneumatic cylinders and hydraulic cylinders can be used.
• the clamp bracket 34 is designed so that a nose 34 prevent the block from falling.
• a linear guide 36 is used to guide the movable part 34b of the clamping bracket 34. This linear guide is firmly connected to guide rails 37, which are displaceable in guide rollers 38 in the longitudinal direction of the block.
• This displacement causes the block accommodated by the loading and unloading position 39 to be moved in and out with the clamp holder.
• the displacement can, like the clamping, by means of cylinder 45, pneumatically or hydraulically or with another linear output, e.g. B. by means of chain drive, spindle or rack.
• the block arrives in the loading and unloading position 39 with a transverse displacement device 40, which brings the block 1 into the opened clamp holder 34.
• a transverse displacement device 40 With the Clamp bracket 34, it is possible to clamp blocks of different lengths.
• the tool side of the block is always in contact with the fixed clamping bracket 34a, so that there is a clear assignment between the temperature profile and the block.
• FIG. 9 the possibility of clamping blocks of different lengths is indicated by the position 34b of the movable clamping bracket, shown in broken lines.
• the spray area of the device is enclosed by a housing 41 which can be easily removed.
• the housing has a door on the loading and unloading side, e.g. B. a lifting door 42. It is advantageous in the housing, for. B. with an appropriately sized fan to generate a vacuum by exhaust air from the housing to the outside, for. B. over the roof. This reliably prevents moisture and steam from entering the installation area of the cooling device and thus the working area of the press.
• the entire Vorrichmng is carried by a profile steel frame 43, which can be placed on the flat hut floor.
• the angular division 44 of the individual nozzles 25 depends on their spray pattern. In general, an angle of 45 ° is sufficient. This pitch angle permits the problem-free arrangement of the linear guide 36 without impairing the spray pattern of the nozzles on the block surface.
• the nozzle groups can be individually activated with the help of the shut-off devices operated by the control.
• the associated regulating valve 31 allows the individual setting of the desired nozzle pressure for each nozzle group.
• the adjustment of the regulating valves 31 and the actuation of the shut-off elements 30 take place expediently by means of a process control.
• all the nozzle groups are first switched on at the same time. After a time interval sufficient for total cooling, the nozzle groups are switched off one after the other, starting at the tool side of the block, so that the total cooling time increases from the beginning of the block (tool side) to the end of the block (press die side). The greater the time difference between switching off the nozzle group at the beginning and end of the block, the greater the temperature difference over the length of the block and the more pronounced the "temperature taper".
• the clamping bracket 34 used according to the invention for the block 1 and engaging on the end faces of the block guarantees a uniform application of the cooling fluid to the block surface, which is not impaired by any deposits.
• the clamping bracket also shields the end faces of the block, so that the heat flow in block 1 also takes place almost radially at the ends and the temperature distribution caused by the cooling is not disrupted by end effects on the end faces.
• the uniform application of the cooling fluid, here water guarantees a uniform cooling in the area of the block surface temperatures of interest, since above the Leiden freezing temperature in the area of stable film evaporation, the heat transfer on a flat surface essentially depends only on the density of water.
• FIG. 10 shows typical cooling curves for different measuring points in a block.
• the position of the measuring points 1 to 12 is illustrated in the sketches in the figure.
• the numbers on the curves refer to the numbers of the temperature measuring points. It can be seen that after a cooling time of approx. 18 s and a compensation time of approx. 60 s following the cooling time, the desired "temperature taper" of approx.
• the cooling according to the invention in a fixed position with different cooling times over the block length uses the known physical property of temperature compensation processes, which take place more slowly with the square with increasing distance between points of the same temperature difference, that is to say take place much faster in the radial direction than in the axial direction.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
• Furnace Details (AREA)
• Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
• Forging (AREA)
• Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
• Gas Burners (AREA)
• Metal Rolling (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Related Child Applications (1)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=26054915

Family Applications (2)

Family Applications After (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (5)

Family Cites Families (14)

• 2000
  • 2000-09-08 AT AT00960638T patent/ATE258236T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2000-09-08 AT AT03000006T patent/ATE332985T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2000-09-08 WO PCT/EP2000/008828 patent/WO2001020053A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 2000-09-08 EP EP00960638A patent/EP1218562B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-09-08 DE DE50005095T patent/DE50005095D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-09-08 EP EP03000006A patent/EP1300484B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-09-08 JP JP2001523420A patent/JP2003525347A/ja active Pending
  • 2000-09-08 AU AU72861/00A patent/AU7286100A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-09-08 DE DE50013171T patent/DE50013171D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-09-08 ES ES00960638T patent/ES2213042T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-09-08 ES ES03000006T patent/ES2268168T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2002
  • 2002-03-08 NO NO20021165A patent/NO20021165L/no not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events