EP1196665B1 - Elementary module for producing a breaker strip for a thermal bridge between a wall and a concrete slab and building structure comprising same - Google Patents

Elementary module for producing a breaker strip for a thermal bridge between a wall and a concrete slab and building structure comprising same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1196665B1
EP1196665B1 EP01925660A EP01925660A EP1196665B1 EP 1196665 B1 EP1196665 B1 EP 1196665B1 EP 01925660 A EP01925660 A EP 01925660A EP 01925660 A EP01925660 A EP 01925660A EP 1196665 B1 EP1196665 B1 EP 1196665B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slab
wall
elementary module
intended
elementary
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1196665A1 (en
Inventor
Charles Toulemonde
Marion Escudero
Bernard Yrieix
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Electricite de France SA
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Electricite de France SA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/003—Balconies; Decks
    • E04B1/0038—Anchoring devices specially adapted therefor with means for preventing cold bridging
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B2001/7679—Means preventing cold bridging at the junction of an exterior wall with an interior wall or a floor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to buildings comprising at least one thermal bridge break between a wall and a substantially horizontal concrete slab.
  • thermal bridge breakers located at the junction of the wall and the slab by the interposition of a thickness of insulation between the inner wall of the slab. wall and the end of the slab.
  • the mechanical connection of the slab to the wall is carried out by means of a reinforcement cast in both the concrete wall and the slab and through the thickness of insulation.
  • This reinforcement has a high thermal conductivity.
  • DE-A-198 14 452 is known vertical slats used to attach a horizontal slab to a wall.
  • the invention therefore aims to increase the thermal performance of such a thermal bridge breaker, while maintaining the mechanical properties required by the connection between the wall and the slab, which can extend, in some cases, substantially horizontally above a void.
  • the use of beams reduces the amount of material involved in the constitution of the mechanical link, therefore the propagation of heat and degradation of the thermal performance of the thermal breaker.
  • the shape of the beams can be optimized so as to reduce their cross section which also forms the heat passage section and that is therefore desired as small as possible, while maintaining the mechanical qualities required to ensure the connection between the slab and the wall.
  • the beams further improve the thermal performance of the thermal bridge breaker.
  • a thermal bridge breaker 1 located at the junction of a concrete wall 2 and a concrete slab 3 extending substantially horizontally is illustrated in FIG. 1. It comprises a thickness of insulator 4 interposed at the junction of the wall 2 and the slab 3 between a wall 5 of the wall 2 and an end 6 of the slab 3.
  • the thickness 4 of insulation extends along the length of the junction of the wall 2 and the slab 3 and fills the portion of the space delimited by the end 6 of the slab 3 and the wall 5 of the wall 2, which extend at a distance from each other substantially constant.
  • the wall 5 of the wall 2, located on the side of the slab 3, is coated with an insulator 2A.
  • the slab 3 extends substantially horizontally above the void, for example above the floor of a lower floor.
  • Beams 11 ensure the anchoring of the slab 3 in the wall 2 and the support of the slab 3 on the wall side. They are regularly distributed according to the length of the junction of the wall 2 and the slab 3. They extend in a plane substantially parallel to the plane of the slab 3 and are directed substantially perpendicular to the wall 5 of the wall 2. The beams 11 extend in a slice of the space limited by the upper and lower surfaces of the slab 3.
  • the beam 11 illustrated in Figure 3 has such a section T.
  • the T is returned as it is when the beam 11 is in its final position.
  • the profile comprises three holes 17 which extend along its length, and two of which are located at the respective ends of the flanges 18 of this T, the latter being housed inside the bulge 16 at the free end. from the foot of T.
  • the intermediate portion 14 of the beam 11 is, in turn, subjected to a shear force relative to the transmission of the weight of the slab 3, and secondly, to a bending moment resulting from the distance the point of application of this weight of the slab 3.
  • the surface of the cross section of the beam 11 allows it to withstand the shear force.
  • the bending moment it is the moment of inertia of the beam 11 which intervenes, and which one wishes maximum.
  • the shape of the beam 11 is from this point of view, quite interesting because of the presence of material at each end of the foot 15 of the T, namely the wings 18 of the T on the one hand, and the bulge 16 located at the free end of the foot 15 of the T on the other hand.
  • the slab 3 may also be subjected to stresses that tend to move it away from the wall and cause the stripping of the beam 11.
  • additional means for securing the beam to the slab are provided, for example in the form of crampons or means of connection to a reinforcement which forces the concrete of the slab 3 in which it is embedded.
  • an insulating material having a certain flexibility or even a certain flexibility will be preferred because of its ability to conform to the shapes of the wall 5.
  • Such elementary modules 21 are intended to be juxtaposed along the length of the junction of the wall 2 and the slab 3 to form a thermal bridge breaker 1 as described above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)

Abstract

An elementary module (21) having at least one beam, (11) made of a composite, and a longitudinal element, (22) made of an insulating material, right through which at least one channel (23) for housing the beam (11) passes. Also, a building structure provided with a thermal bridge break formed from such elementary modules (21).

Description

L'invention concerne les bâtiments comportant au moins un rupteur de pont thermique entre un mur et une dalle de béton sensiblement horizontale.The invention relates to buildings comprising at least one thermal bridge break between a wall and a substantially horizontal concrete slab.

D'une manière générale, un mur peut séparer une ambiance chaude d'une ambiance plus froide, par exemple l'intérieur de l'extérieur d'un bâtiment.In general, a wall can separate a warm atmosphere from a colder environment, for example the interior of the exterior of a building.

Dans la plupart des cas, on souhaite réaliser une isolation entre ces deux ambiances, notamment pour limiter les déperditions vers l'extérieur de la chaleur d'un ensemble chauffé, pour maintenir au contraire l'intérieur d'un ensemble à une température fraîche ou tempérée alors qu'il fait chaud à l'extérieur, et/ou pour améliorer le confort thermique d'une construction destinée à abriter les personnes.In most cases, it is desired to provide insulation between these two atmospheres, in particular to limit the outward losses of the heat of a heated assembly, to maintain instead the interior of a set at a cool temperature or temperate while it is hot outside, and / or to improve the thermal comfort of a construction intended to shelter people.

Un mur peut également avoir pour fonction de supporter des dalles de béton sensiblement horizontales qui lui sont reliées et qui, par exemple, peuvent entrer dans la construction d'un plancher. Ces dalles peuvent reposer sur le sol. Bien souvent, elles s'étendent à une certaine hauteur au-dessus du sol, par exemple d'un étage inférieur. La liaison entre le mur et la dalle est donc destinée à assurer le support de la dalle côté mur et son ancrage dans le mur.A wall may also have the function of supporting substantially horizontal concrete slabs which are connected to it and which, for example, can enter the construction of a floor. These slabs can rest on the ground. Often, they extend to a certain height above the ground, for example from a lower floor. The connection between the wall and the slab is therefore intended to ensure the support of the slab wall side and its anchoring in the wall.

Lorsque cette liaison est assurée par le béton du mur et/ou de la dalle, ainsi que par le ferraillage conténu dans l'un et/ou dans l'autre, il y a création d'un pont thermique favorisant la conduction de la chaleur entre l'extrémité de la dalle en contact avec le mur et le mur lui-même. Une telle liaison forme plus nettement un pont thermique lorsque les parois du mur côté dalle ont été revêtues d'un matériau isolant.When this connection is provided by the concrete of the wall and / or the slab, as well as by the reinforcement reinvented in one and / or in the other, there is creation of a thermal bridge promoting the conduction of heat between the end of the slab in contact with the wall and the wall itself. Such a connection more clearly forms a thermal bridge when the walls of the slab-side wall have been coated with an insulating material.

Afin de limiter les échanges de chaleur entre le mur et la dalle, il est connu de réaliser des rupteurs de pont thermique localisés à la jonction du mur et de la dalle par l'interposition d'une épaisseur d'isolant entre la paroi intérieure du mur et l'extrémité de la dalle. La liaison mécanique de la dalle au mur est réalisée quant à elle au moyen d'un ferraillage coulé à la fois dans le béton du mur et dans celui de la dalle et qui traverse l'épaisseur d'isolant.In order to limit heat exchanges between the wall and the slab, it is known to make thermal bridge breakers located at the junction of the wall and the slab by the interposition of a thickness of insulation between the inner wall of the slab. wall and the end of the slab. The mechanical connection of the slab to the wall is carried out by means of a reinforcement cast in both the concrete wall and the slab and through the thickness of insulation.

Ce ferraillage présente une conductivité thermique élevée. Chaque armature qui le constitue et qui traverse l'épaisseur d'isolant à partir de la dalle et en direction du mur, ou inversement, constitue en soi un pont thermique élémentaire. La quantité de ferraillage assurant la liaison mécanique est apte à conduire un flux de chaleur non négligeable.This reinforcement has a high thermal conductivity. Each frame which constitutes it and which crosses the thickness of insulation from the slab and in the direction of the wall, or conversely, constitutes in itself an elementary thermal bridge. The amount of reinforcement ensuring the mechanical connection is capable of driving a significant heat flow.

D'un point de vue thermique, une telle disposition, bien que constituant une amélioration par rapport aux structures qui ont été décrites précédemment et qui sont dépourvues de tout dispositif de rupture de pont thermique, mérite d'être encore améliorée.From a thermal point of view, such an arrangement, while constituting an improvement over the structures that have been described previously and which are devoid of any thermal break device, deserves to be further improved.

De DE-A-195 43 768, il est connu une épaisseur d'isolant logée dans un mur à l'intersection de deux dalles horizontales.From DE-A-195 43 768, it is known a thickness of insulation housed in a wall at the intersection of two horizontal slabs.

De DE-A-198 14 452 est connu des lamelles verticales utilisées pour fixer une dalle horizontale à un mur.DE-A-198 14 452 is known vertical slats used to attach a horizontal slab to a wall.

L'invention a donc pour but d'accroître les performances thermiques d'un tel rupteur de pont thermique, tout en conservant les qualités mécaniques requises par la liaison entre le mur et la dalle, laquelle peut s'étendre, dans certains cas, sensiblement horizontalement au-dessus d'un vide.The invention therefore aims to increase the thermal performance of such a thermal bridge breaker, while maintaining the mechanical properties required by the connection between the wall and the slab, which can extend, in some cases, substantially horizontally above a void.

A cet effet, l'invention propose un module élémentaire conforme à la revendication 1 ou 3.For this purpose, the invention proposes an elementary module according to claim 1 or 3.

D'autres caractéristiques de l'invention apparaissent dans les revendications dépendantes.Other features of the invention appear in the dependent claims.

L'invention a également pour objet une structure de bâtiment conforme à la revendication 14.The invention also relates to a building structure according to claim 14.

Suivant d'autres caractéristiques de cette structure de bâtiment :

  • le pied et les ailes du T qui définissent sensiblement la section de la poutrelle sont orientés selon des directions respectivement sensiblement verticale et sensiblement horizontale ;
  • le pied du T qui définit sensiblement la section de la poutrelle est tourné sensiblement vers le haut, et les ailes du T sont en-dessous de ce pied.
According to other characteristics of this building structure:
  • the foot and the wings of the T which substantially define the section of the beam are oriented in respectively substantially vertical and substantially horizontal directions;
  • the foot of the T which substantially defines the section of the beam is turned substantially upwards, and the wings of the T are below this foot.

Les poutrelles permettent d'améliorer les performances thermiques du rupteur de pont thermique.The beams are used to improve the thermal performance of the thermal breaker.

En premier lieu, l'emploi de poutrelles permet l'utilisation de matériaux en particulier composites dont la conductivité thermique est très inférieure à celle du fer.In the first place, the use of beams allows the use of materials in particular composites whose thermal conductivity is much lower than that of iron.

De plus, l'utilisation de poutrelles permet de réduire la quantité de matière entrant dans la constitution de la liaison mécanique, donc la propagation de la chaleur et la dégradation des performances thermiques du rupteur de pont thermique.In addition, the use of beams reduces the amount of material involved in the constitution of the mechanical link, therefore the propagation of heat and degradation of the thermal performance of the thermal breaker.

Premièrement, une poutrelle présente, à quantité de matière équivalente, des qualités mécaniques de liaison et de support de la dalle supérieures à celles obtenues avec le ferraillage.First, a beam has, equivalent amount of material, mechanical qualities of bonding and supporting the slab greater than those obtained with the reinforcement.

Deuxièmement, les poutrelles sont destinées à être disposées régulièrement selon la longueur de la jonction, en laissant un espace sensiblement constant entre chacune d'elles. Le nombre de poutrelles utilisées par unité de longueur de la jonction est donc bien maîtrisé.Secondly, the beams are intended to be arranged regularly along the length of the junction, leaving a substantially constant space between each of them. The number of beams used per unit length of the junction is well controlled.

Enfin, la forme des poutrelles peut être optimisée de manière à réduire leur section transversale qui forme également la section de passage de la chaleur et que l'on souhaite par conséquent aussi petite que possible, tout en conservant les qualités mécaniques requises pour assurer la liaison entre la dalle et le mur. Par ce moyen, les poutrelles permettent encore d'améliorer les performances thermiques du rupteur de pont thermique.Finally, the shape of the beams can be optimized so as to reduce their cross section which also forms the heat passage section and that is therefore desired as small as possible, while maintaining the mechanical qualities required to ensure the connection between the slab and the wall. By this means, the beams further improve the thermal performance of the thermal bridge breaker.

D'autres avantages, caractéristiques et détails de l'invention ressortiront du complément de description qui va suivre en référence aux dessins annexés, donnés à titre d'exemples nullement limitatifs et dans lesquels :

  • la Fig. 1 est une vue en perspective, partiellement arrachée, d'une portion d'un rupteur de pont thermique suivant l'invention entre une dalle de béton et un mur en béton ;
  • la Fig. 2 est une coupe selon le plan II de la figure 1;
  • la Fig. 3 est une vue en perspective à plus grande échelle d'une portion d'une poutrelle coupée transversalement destinée à entrer dans la construction du rupteur de pont thermique illustré à la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue en perspective d'un module élémentaire destiné à entrer dans la construction du rupteur de pont thermique illustré à la figure 1.
Other advantages, characteristics and details of the invention will emerge from the additional description which will follow with reference to the accompanying drawings, given by way of non-limiting examples and in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of a portion of a thermal breaker according to the invention between a concrete slab and a concrete wall;
  • FIG. 2 is a section along plane II of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view on a larger scale of a portion of a transversely cut beam intended to enter the construction of the thermal bridge breaker illustrated in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an elementary module intended to enter the construction of the thermal bridge breaker illustrated in FIG.

Un rupteur de pont thermique 1 situé à la jonction d'un mur 2 en béton et d'une dalle 3 en béton s'étendant sensiblement horizontalement est illustré à la figure 1. Il comporte une épaisseur d'isolant 4 interposée à la jonction du mur 2 et de la dalle 3 entre une paroi 5 du mur 2 et une extrémité 6 de la dalle 3. L'épaisseur 4 d'isolant s'étend suivant la longueur de la jonction du mur 2 et de la dalle 3 et comble la portion de l'espace délimitée par l'extrémité 6 de la dalle 3 et la paroi 5 du mur 2, lesquelles s'étendent à une distance l'une de l'autre sensiblement constante.A thermal bridge breaker 1 located at the junction of a concrete wall 2 and a concrete slab 3 extending substantially horizontally is illustrated in FIG. 1. It comprises a thickness of insulator 4 interposed at the junction of the wall 2 and the slab 3 between a wall 5 of the wall 2 and an end 6 of the slab 3. The thickness 4 of insulation extends along the length of the junction of the wall 2 and the slab 3 and fills the portion of the space delimited by the end 6 of the slab 3 and the wall 5 of the wall 2, which extend at a distance from each other substantially constant.

A titre d'exemple avantageux, la paroi 5 du mur 2, située du côté de la dalle 3, est revêtue d'un isolant 2A.As an advantageous example, the wall 5 of the wall 2, located on the side of the slab 3, is coated with an insulator 2A.

L'épaisseur 4 d'isolant est limitée vers le haut et vers le bas respectivement par deux faces 9 et 10 qui s'étendent dans le prolongement des faces respectivement supérieures et inférieures de la dalle 3.The thickness 4 of insulation is limited upwardly and downward respectively by two faces 9 and 10 which extend in the extension of the respectively upper and lower faces of the slab 3.

Le matériau constituant l'épaisseur 4 d'isolant est ignifugé. Ce peut être du polystyrène, de la laine de verre ou de roche.The material constituting the thickness of insulation 4 is flame retarded. It can be polystyrene, glass wool or rock.

La dalle 3 s'étend sensiblement horizontalement au-dessus du vide, par exemple au-dessus du sol d'un étage inférieur. Des poutrelles 11 assurent l'ancrage de la dalle 3 dans le mur 2 ainsi que le support de la dalle 3 côté mur. Elles sont régulièrement réparties selon la longueur de la jonction du mur 2 et de la dalle 3. Elles s'étendent dans un plan sensiblement parallèle au plan de la dalle 3 et sont dirigées sensiblement perpendiculairement à la paroi 5 du mur 2. Les poutrelles 11 s'étendent dans une tranche de l'espace limitée par les surfaces supérieure et inférieure de la dalle 3.The slab 3 extends substantially horizontally above the void, for example above the floor of a lower floor. Beams 11 ensure the anchoring of the slab 3 in the wall 2 and the support of the slab 3 on the wall side. They are regularly distributed according to the length of the junction of the wall 2 and the slab 3. They extend in a plane substantially parallel to the plane of the slab 3 and are directed substantially perpendicular to the wall 5 of the wall 2. The beams 11 extend in a slice of the space limited by the upper and lower surfaces of the slab 3.

De manière visible sur la figure 2, chaque poutrelle 11 présente à une première extrémité une première portion 12 noyée dans le béton du mur 2. A l'opposé de sa première extrémité, la poutrelle 11 présente une deuxième portion 13 noyée dans le béton de la dalle 3. Une troisième portion 14 de la poutrelle 11 intermédiaire entre la première portion 12 et la deuxième portion 13 traverse l'épaisseur 4 d'isolant de part en part.Visibly in FIG. 2, each beam 11 has at a first end a first portion 12 embedded in the concrete of the wall 2. Opposite its first end, the beam 11 has a second portion 13 embedded in the concrete of slab 3. A third portion 14 of the beam 11 intermediate between the first portion 12 and the second portion 13 through the thickness of 4 insulation from one side.

Une portion de poutrelle 11 coupée transversalement est illustrée en perspective à plus grande échelle sur la figure 3. Cette poutrelle 11 est réalisée en un matériau composite 8 formé d'une matrice en polymère 8a armée d'un réseau croisé de fibres de verre 8b et traitée pour résister au feu. La poutrelle 11 comporte un enrobage 9 qui protège les fibres de verre contre l'attaque alcaline du béton en phase de maturation. L'enrobage 9 est constitué d'une résine qui, en présence d'eau, ne s'hydrolyse pas.A portion of cross-cut beam 11 is illustrated in perspective on a larger scale in FIG. 3. This beam 11 is made of a composite material 8 formed of a polymer matrix 8a armed with a crossed network of glass fibers 8b and treated to resist fire. The beam 11 comprises a coating 9 which protects the glass fibers against the alkaline attack of the concrete in the maturation phase. The coating 9 consists of a resin which, in the presence of water, does not hydrolyze.

Dans un autre exemple de réalisation (non illustré), la poutrelle 11 est réalisée en un béton haute performance armé de fibres de polyéthylène.In another embodiment (not shown), the beam 11 is made of a high performance concrete reinforced with polyethylene fibers.

Ces matériaux composites présentent des conductivités thermiques, de l'ordre de 0,6 W.K-1.m-1, nettement inférieures à celles de l'acier, laquelle se situe autour de 53 W.K-1.m-1. Il convient de rappeler ici que la conductivité thermique d'un isolant tel qu'une laine de verre ou de roche est de l'ordre de 0,04 W.K-1.m-1. L'emploi de ces matériaux composites pour la réalisation d'un rupteur de pont thermique est donc particulièrement avantageux.These composite materials have thermal conductivities, of the order of 0.6 WK -1 .m -1 , significantly lower than those of steel, which is around 53 WK -1 .m -1 . It should be recalled here that the thermal conductivity of an insulator such as glass wool or rock wool is of the order of 0.04 WK -1 .m -1 . The use of these composite materials for the realization of a thermal bridge breaker is therefore particularly advantageous.

La poutrelle 11 présente la forme générale d'un profilé. Dans le cas où le matériau constitutif de la poutrelle est un polymère armé d'un réseau de fibres de verre, le profilé peut être avantageusement pultrudé.The beam 11 has the general shape of a profile. In the case where the constituent material of the beam is a polymer reinforced with a network of glass fibers, the profile can be advantageously pultruded.

Le flux de chaleur entre la dalle 3 et le mur 2 se propage dans une direction sensiblement parallèle à la direction générale de la poutrelle 11. Par conséquent, plus la section de la poutrelle 11 est petite, plus la section de passage du flux thermique est réduite, et plus la quantité de chaleur transitant entre le mur 2 et la dalle 3 à travers la poutrelle 11 est faible. Les performances thermiques de la poutrelle 11 sont donc essentiellement liées à la surface et non à la forme de sa section. En revanche, sa tenue mécanique aux diverses sollicitations auxquelles elle est soumise une fois en place est très dépendante de la forme de sa section.The heat flow between the slab 3 and the wall 2 propagates in a direction substantially parallel to the general direction of the beam 11. Consequently, the smaller the section of the beam 11, the greater the cross section of the heat flow is reduced, and the amount of heat passing between the wall 2 and the slab 3 through the beam 11 is low. The thermal performance of the beam 11 is therefore essentially related to the surface and not to the shape of its section. On the other hand, its mechanical resistance to the various stresses to which it is subjected once in place is very dependent on the shape of its section.

Une poutrelle 11 dont la section présente la forme générale d'un I ou d'un T comportant un renflement situé à l'extrémité libre de son pied s'est révélée mettre à profit cette particularité. En effet, la section d'une telle poutrelle 11 est optimisée de manière à présenter une surface minimale tout en procurant à ladite poutrelle 11 des caractéristiques mécaniques optimales de tenue aux sollicitations particulières auxquelles elle est destinée à être soumise.A beam 11 whose section has the general shape of an I or T with a bulge at the free end of his foot has been shown to benefit from this feature. Indeed, the section of such a beam 11 is optimized so as to have a minimum surface while providing said beam 11 optimal mechanical characteristics withstand the particular stresses to which it is intended to be subjected.

Une fois la poutrelle en place, le plan sagittal du I ou celui du T est orienté sensiblement verticalement. Avec la poutrelle en I, la coulée du béton est rendue plus difficile et l'occurrence de défauts liés à cette opération est favorisée. La section en T, dans la mesure où elle favorise l'écoulement du béton autour de la poutrelle 11, est préférée.Once the beam is in place, the sagittal plane of the I or that of the T is oriented substantially vertically. With the I-beam, the pouring of concrete is made more difficult and the occurrence of defects related to this operation is favored. The T-section, to the extent that it promotes the flow of concrete around the beam 11, is preferred.

La poutrelle 11 illustrée sur la figure 3 présente une telle section en T. Sur cette vue, le T est retourné comme c'est le cas lorsque la poutrelle 11 est dans sa position définitive.The beam 11 illustrated in Figure 3 has such a section T. In this view, the T is returned as it is when the beam 11 is in its final position.

Le pied 15 du T comporte, à son extrémité libre, un renflement 16.The foot 15 of the T comprises, at its free end, a bulge 16.

Le profilé comporte des trous 17 au nombre de trois qui s'étendent selon sa longueur, et dont deux sont situés aux extrémités respectives des ailes 18 de ce T, le dernier se trouvant logé à l'intérieur du renflement 16 à l'extrémité libre du pied du T.The profile comprises three holes 17 which extend along its length, and two of which are located at the respective ends of the flanges 18 of this T, the latter being housed inside the bulge 16 at the free end. from the foot of T.

Dans sa position définitive à l'intérieur du rupteur de pont thermique 1, la poutrelle 11 est orientée de manière à ce que son plan sagittal ou encore la direction du pied 15 du T soit sensiblement verticale, comme cela est visible sur la figure 1. Les ailes 18 du T s'étendent pour leur part dans un plan sensiblement horizontal. L'extrémité libre du pied 15 du T est dirigée vers le haut, tandis que ses ailes 18 se trouvent en-dessous.In its final position inside the thermal bridge breaker 1, the beam 11 is oriented so that its sagittal plane or the direction of the foot 15 of the T is substantially vertical, as can be seen in FIG. The wings 18 of the T extend for their part in a substantially horizontal plane. The free end of the foot 15 of the T is directed upwards, while its wings 18 are below.

La poutrelle 11 transmet au mur 2 le poids de la dalle 3. Les ailes 18 du T définissent une surface noyée dans le béton sensiblement perpendiculaire à la direction du poids de la dalle, qui forme surface d'appui de la poutrelle 11 sur le béton du mur 2 permettant la répartition de la contrainte liée au poids de la dalle 3. Le mur 2 est donc essentiellement soumis à un effort de compression.The beam 11 transmits to the wall 2 the weight of the slab 3. The wings 18 of the T define a surface embedded in the concrete substantially perpendicular to the direction of the weight of the slab, which forms a bearing surface of the beam 11 on the concrete wall 2 allowing the distribution of the stress related to the weight of the slab 3. The wall 2 is therefore essentially subjected to a compressive force.

Comme le poids de la dalle 3 s'applique à une certaine distance du lieu d'encastrement de la poutrelle 11 dans le mur 2, un moment associé au poids de la dalle 3 s'exerce au niveau de cet encastrement. Là encore, les surfaces supérieure et inférieure délimitées par les ailes 18 du T favorisent la répartition au niveau de l'encastrement des contraintes liées à ce moment.As the weight of the slab 3 is applied at a distance from the installation location of the beam 11 in the wall 2, a moment associated with the weight of the slab 3 is exerted at this recess. Here again, the upper and lower surfaces delimited by the flanges 18 of the T promote the distribution at the embedding of the constraints related to this moment.

La portion intermédiaire 14 de la poutrelle 11 est, quant à elle, soumise d'une part à un effort tranchant relatif à la transmission du poids de la dalle 3, et d'autre part, à un moment de flexion résultant de l'éloignement du point d'application de ce poids de la dalle 3. La surface de la section droite de la poutrelle 11 lui permet de supporter l'effort tranchant. Quant au moment de flexion, c'est le moment d'inertie de la poutrelle 11 qui intervient, et que l'on souhaite maximal. La forme de la poutrelle 11 est de ce point de vue, tout à fait intéressante en raison de la présence de matière à chaque extrémité du pied 15 du T, à savoir les ailes 18 du T d'une part, et le renflement 16 situé à l'extrémité libre du pied 15 du T d'autre part.The intermediate portion 14 of the beam 11 is, in turn, subjected to a shear force relative to the transmission of the weight of the slab 3, and secondly, to a bending moment resulting from the distance the point of application of this weight of the slab 3. The surface of the cross section of the beam 11 allows it to withstand the shear force. As for the bending moment, it is the moment of inertia of the beam 11 which intervenes, and which one wishes maximum. The shape of the beam 11 is from this point of view, quite interesting because of the presence of material at each end of the foot 15 of the T, namely the wings 18 of the T on the one hand, and the bulge 16 located at the free end of the foot 15 of the T on the other hand.

Au niveau de l'encastrement de la poutrelle 11 à l'intérieur de la dalle 3, on retrouve sensiblement les mêmes phénomènes mécaniques que ceux précédemment décrits intervenant au niveau de l'encastrement de la poutrelle 11 dans le mur 2. La portion 13 de poutrelle 11 noyée dans le béton de la dalle 3 supporte le poids de cette dalle 3. De nouveau, la surface définie par les ailes 18 du T prend en charge l'essentiel du poids de la dalle 3, et ce de manière répartie. Ici cependant, c'est essentiellement celle des surfaces délimitées par les ailes 18 qui est tournée vers le haut qui est sollicitée.At the level of the embedding of the beam 11 inside the slab 3, there are substantially the same mechanical phenomena as those previously described occurring at the level of the embedding of the beam 11 in the wall 2. The portion 13 of beam 11 embedded in the concrete slab 3 supports the weight of this slab 3. Again, the surface defined by the wings 18 of the T supports most of the weight of the slab 3, and distributed. Here, however, it is essentially that of the surfaces delimited by the wings 18 which is turned upward which is solicited.

La dalle 3 peut également être soumise à des sollicitations qui tendent à l'écarter du mur et à provoquer l'arrachement de la poutrelle 11. Avantageusement, des moyens supplémentaires de solidarisation de la poutrelle avec la dalle sont prévus, par exemple sous la forme de crampons ou de moyens de liaison à un ferraillage qui arme le béton de la dalle 3 dans lequel il est noyé.The slab 3 may also be subjected to stresses that tend to move it away from the wall and cause the stripping of the beam 11. Advantageously, additional means for securing the beam to the slab are provided, for example in the form of crampons or means of connection to a reinforcement which forces the concrete of the slab 3 in which it is embedded.

Sur les figures 1 et 2, lesdits moyens de liaison consistent en des fers logés dans les trous 17 et qui s'étendent à partir de la poutrelle 11, dans la dalle 3, vers un ferraillage 20 noyé dans celle-ci et auquel ils sont liés.In Figures 1 and 2, said connecting means consist of irons housed in the holes 17 and extending from the beam 11, in the slab 3, to a reinforcement 20 embedded therein and to which they are linked.

Lorsque la poutrelle 11 n'est pas destinée à recevoir de tels fers 19, elle peut être dépourvue de tels trous 17.When the beam 11 is not intended to receive such irons 19, it may be devoid of such holes 17.

Un module élémentaire 21 illustré sur la figure 4 est destiné à entrer dans la construction d'un rupteur de pont thermique 1 tel que décrit précédemment. Il comporte un élément 22 en matière isolante destiné à entrer dans la constitution de l'épaisseur d'isolant 4.An elementary module 21 illustrated in Figure 4 is intended to enter the construction of a thermal bridge breaker 1 as described above. It comprises an element 22 of insulating material intended to enter into the constitution of the insulation thickness 4.

L'élément 22 en matière isolante présente la forme générale d'un parallélépipède qui s'étend préférentiellement suivant une direction perpendiculaire à celle de la poutrelle 11 qui le traverse de part en part.The element 22 of insulating material has the general shape of a parallelepiped which preferably extends in a direction perpendicular to that of the beam 11 which passes through it from side to side.

L'élément 22 comporte un canal 23 qui reçoit la poutrelle 11 et dont la forme est complémentaire à celle de ladite poutrelle 11. L'élément 22 est par exemple réalisé en laine de verre ou de roche. Il peut également être formé de polystyrène protégé par des plaques ignifugées.The element 22 comprises a channel 23 which receives the beam 11 and whose shape is complementary to that of said beam 11. The element 22 is for example made of glass wool or rock. It can also be formed of polystyrene protected by fireproof plates.

Dans les cas où la paroi 5 du mur 2 comporte des courbes, un matériau isolant présentant une certaine flexibilité, voire une certaine souplesse, sera préféré en raison de sa capacité à épouser les formes de la paroi 5.In cases where the wall 5 of the wall 2 has curves, an insulating material having a certain flexibility or even a certain flexibility will be preferred because of its ability to conform to the shapes of the wall 5.

Le module élémentaire 21 comporte avantageusement des fers 19, ici au nombre de trois, reçus dans les trous 17 qui s'étendent suivant la longueur de la poutrelle 11. Ils dépassent d'une certaine longueur de l'extrémité de la poutrelle 11 qui est destinée à être noyée dans le béton de la dalle 3. Avantageusement, la longueur de pénétration des fers 19 à l'intérieur des trous 17 de la poutrelle 11 est juste suffisante pour permettre une bonne solidarisation mutuelle des fers 19 et de la poutrelle 11, puisqu'ils favorisent par ailleurs la propagation de la chaleur en direction ou à partir du mur 2.The elementary module 21 advantageously comprises irons 19, here three in number, received in the holes 17 which extend along the length of the beam 11. They exceed a certain length of the end of the beam 11 which is intended to be embedded in the concrete of the slab 3. Advantageously, the penetration length of the irons 19 inside the holes 17 of the beam 11 is just sufficient to allow good mutual bonding of the irons 19 and the beam 11, since they also promote the propagation of heat towards or from the wall 2.

Le module élémentaire 21 se présente soit sous la forme d'un ensemble prêt à être assemblé, soit, tel qu'on peut le voir sur la figure 4, sous une forme déjà assemblée.The elementary module 21 is either in the form of an assembly ready to be assembled, or, as can be seen in Figure 4, in an already assembled form.

De tels modules élémentaires 21 sont destinés à être juxtaposés selon la longueur de la jonction du mur 2 et de la dalle 3 pour former un rupteur de pont thermique 1 tel que décrit précédemment.Such elementary modules 21 are intended to be juxtaposed along the length of the junction of the wall 2 and the slab 3 to form a thermal bridge breaker 1 as described above.

Un tel module élémentaire prêt à l'emploi peut être rapidement mis en oeuvre sur un chantier. Or, d'une manière générale, on souhaite réduire autant que faire ce peut les durées des opérations effectuées directement sur le chantier. En effet, plus ces opérations sont longues, plus elles sont coûteuses en main-d'oeuvre et ont tendance à rallonger la durée du chantier et à en compliquer l'organisation.Such a basic module ready for use can be quickly implemented on a building site. However, in general, it is desired to reduce as much as possible the duration of operations performed directly on the site. Indeed, the longer these operations are, the more they are costly in labor and tend to lengthen the duration of the worksite and complicate the organization.

Le polymère armé d'un réseau de fibres de verre réalise un compromis très satisfaisant entre sa faible conductivité thermique d'une part, et son comportement mécanique d'autre part, tout en maintenant son coût à un niveau bas.The reinforced polymer of a glass fiber network achieves a very satisfactory compromise between its low thermal conductivity on the one hand, and its mechanical behavior on the other hand, while keeping its cost at a low level.

Bien que l'agencement qui vient d'être décrit soit considéré comme s'appliquant à un mur en béton, il peut également s' appliquer à tout type de mur par exemple un mur en pierres, moellons, briques ou autre.Although the arrangement just described is considered to apply to a concrete wall, it can also apply to any type of wall for example a stone wall, rubble, brick or other.

Bien entendu, l'invention ne se limite pas aux dalles qui séparent deux étages consécutifs d'un bâtiment. Elle peut par exemple être mise en oeuvre dans la fabrication de balcons ou de loggias.Of course, the invention is not limited to slabs that separate two consecutive floors of a building. It can for example be used in the manufacture of balconies or loggias.

Claims (16)

  1. Elementary module (21) intended to form a thermal bridge breaker (1) between a wall (2) and a concrete slab (3) extending substantially horizontally, comprising at least one beam (11) intended to form a member connecting the slab (3) to the wall (2) and having a reduced capacity to conduct heat, and a longitudinal element (22) made of insulating material which is intended to be interposed between the slab (3) and the wall (2) and through which passes at least one channel (23) for housing the beam (11), characterised in that the beam is made of a composite material and has a T-shaped cross-section.
  2. Elementary module (21) according to claim 1, characterised in that section of the beam (11) has a bulge (16) arranged substantially at the free end of the leg (15) of the T.
  3. Elementary module (21) intended to form a thermal bridge breaker (1) between a wall (2) and a concrete slab (3) extending substantially horizontally, comprising at least one beam (11) intended to form a member connecting the slab (3) to the wall (2) and having a reduced capacity to conduct heat, and a longitudinal element (22) made of insulating material which is intended to be interposed between the slab (3) and the wall (2) and through which passes at least one channel (23) for housing the beam (11), characterised in that the beam is made of a composite material and has an I-shaped cross-section.
  4. Elementary module (21) according to claim 3, characterised in that the beam (11) has a "railway track" cross-section.
  5. Elementary module (21) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the beam (11) is made of a high performance concrete reinforced with polyethylene fibres.
  6. Elementary module (21) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the beam (11) is made in the form of a profile made from a polymer reinforced with a network of glass fibres and treated in order to be fireproof.
  7. Elementary module (21) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a portion (13) of the beam (11), located at one end of the beam (11) and intended to be embedded in the slab (3), comprises additional means (19) for fastening to the slab (3).
  8. Elementary module (21) according to claim 7, characterised in that the additional fastening beams (19) comprise clamps.
  9. Elementary module (21) according to claim 7, characterised in that the additional fastening means (19) comprise means (19) for joining to a rebar (20) in the slab (3).
  10. Elementary module (21) according to claim 9, characterised in that the profile of the beam (11) defines holes (17) which extend along its length and are each intended to house securely an iron bar (19) forming a means of joining to the rebar (20) of the slab (3).
  11. Elementary module (21) according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterised in that the beam (11) is made in the form of a profile.
  12. Elementary module (21) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the beam (11) comprises a coating (9) capable of withstanding hydrolysis.
  13. Elementary module (21) according to claim 12, characterised in that the coating (9) is made of a resin.
  14. Building structure comprising at least one wall (2), at least one concrete slab (3) extending substantially horizontally, and at least one thermal bridge breaker (1) having an insulation thickness interposed at the junction of the wall (2) and the slab (3) between a face (5) of the wall (2) and a corresponding end (6) of the slab (3), characterised in that the thermal bridge breaker (1) comprises a plurality of elementary modules (21) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, distributed uniformly along the length of the junction, each of the beams (11) of said elementary modules (21) having, at a first end, a first portion (12) fixed rigidly to the wall (2), at a second end, a second portion (13) embedded in the concrete of the slab (3) and a third intermediate portion (14) which is positioned between the first portion (12) and the second portion (13) and passes through the insulation thickness (4), the plurality of beams (11) supporting the slab (3) on the wall (2) side and anchoring the slab in the wall (2).
  15. Building structure according to claim 14, comprising an elementary module (21) according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the leg (15) and the flanges (18) of the T which substantially defines the cross-section of the beam (11) are oriented in substantially vertical and substantially horizontal directions respectively.
  16. Building structure according to claim 15, characterised in that the leg (15) of the T which substantially defines the cross-section of the beam (11) faces substantially upwards and in that the flanges (18) of the T are below this leg (15).
EP01925660A 2000-05-11 2001-04-13 Elementary module for producing a breaker strip for a thermal bridge between a wall and a concrete slab and building structure comprising same Expired - Lifetime EP1196665B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0006022 2000-05-11
FR0006022A FR2808821B1 (en) 2000-05-11 2000-05-11 ELEMENTARY MODULE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A THERMAL BRIDGE BREAKER BETWEEN A WALL AND A CONCRETE SLAB AND BUILDING STRUCTURE INCLUDING APPLICATION
PCT/FR2001/001164 WO2001086082A1 (en) 2000-05-11 2001-04-13 Elementary module for producing a breaker strip for a thermal bridge between a wall and a concrete slab and building structure comprising same

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FR2808821B1 (en) 2003-05-09
ATE358218T1 (en) 2007-04-15
FR2808821A1 (en) 2001-11-16
JP2003532815A (en) 2003-11-05
CA2377216A1 (en) 2001-11-15
DE60127504D1 (en) 2007-05-10
DE60127504T2 (en) 2007-11-29
ES2284638T3 (en) 2007-11-16
MXPA02000350A (en) 2002-07-02
US20030101669A1 (en) 2003-06-05
US6792728B2 (en) 2004-09-21
AU5234501A (en) 2001-11-20
WO2001086082A1 (en) 2001-11-15
EP1196665A1 (en) 2002-04-17

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