EP2479354B1 - A module forming a thermal-bridge breaker provided with a Z-profile member - Google Patents

Description

1. Field of the invention

The field of the invention is that of earthquake-resistant construction, in particular the earthquake resistant construction of reinforced concrete buildings cast in situ.

The invention relates more specifically to modules according to claim 1 forming a thermal bridge breaker at the junctions between a floor slab and a facade wall or between a floor slab and a balcony slab, in a material having a low conductivity thermal.

The invention applies in particular, but not exclusively, to the construction of administrative, commercial, school, hospital, residential and office buildings.

2. State of the prior art and disadvantages

In the face of the major challenge of climate change, France has made ambitious commitments by signing the Kyoto Protocol that came into effect in February 2005: the government has committed to reducing the average greenhouse gas emissions from 2008 to 2012, at the level of those of 1990.

In France, the building sector is the largest consumer of energy with 70 million tonnes of oil equivalent, or more than 40% of national energy consumption. This consumption results in the emission of 120 million tons of CO ₂ , or nearly 25% of national CO ₂ emissions.

In order to preserve the environment and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it has become essential to reduce energy consumption in the building sector. This is the objective of the Energy Orientation Law, passed in 2005, and integrating the 2005 Thermal Regulation, the RT 2005. The RT 2005 is a continuation of the Thermal Regulation. 2000. It is applicable to new buildings in the residential and non-residential sectors whose residential building permit has been filed since ¹ July 2006. The RT 2005 aims to reduce by 15% the energy consumption of new buildings compared with the RT 2000, constraints and performance requirements thermal reinforced. It is now up to the professionals to propose solutions to improve the energy performance of buildings in order to meet these new thermal requirements, in particular those of the 2012 Thermal Regulation. These regulations, passed at the end of 2010, reinforce the provisions of the RT 2005. applies to new or renovated buildings and imposes strict maximum thresholds not to be exceeded in terms of energy consumption (less than 50 kWh / m2 / year).

Improving the thermal performance of a building includes improving its thermal insulation. Although the insulation of walls and glass walls is now very efficient, there are still areas of heat loss untreated, which are the cause of overconsumption of energy.

In France, construction professionals, whether residential or tertiary, favor the insulation of buildings from the inside. This technique, more widely used in France than the external insulation has the disadvantage of leaving many areas of weak point called thermal bridges.

Thermal bridges are physical phenomena that mean that, in a part of the building, for reasons related to the material or the method of construction, thermal flows greater than those in adjacent areas exist. Such thermal bridges are formed in particular at the junction slab / facade, slit / facade and slab / balcony.

These thermal bridges are at the origin of a strong energetic loss. In general, the losses associated with thermal bridges represent 30 to 40% of the losses by the walls in a collective building. Thus, one meter of thermal bridge untreated in France is responsible for overconsumption per year of 77 kWh; 101 of fuel; that is 5 Kg of CO ₂ rejected each year.

Moreover, the surface temperature inside a room of a building is greatly reduced, condensation or even mold can form at the thermal bridges, generating substantial costs of maintenance and renovation.

The treatment of thermal bridges is therefore a major challenge in improving the energy performance of new buildings.

The professionals have therefore developed horizontal (slab / façade) and vertical thermal breaker (slit / façade) systems.

Horizontal thermal bridge breakers composed of a rock wool insulation 40 or 60 mm thick (according to the thermal requirements), crossed by a network of corrosion resistant reinforcement, distributed and arranged in lattice, are known in particular. to take all the solicitations applied. The insulation on one of these faces is provided with a PVC profile.

Horizontal thermal bridge breakers are also known, composed of a rock wool insulation combined with a polyurethane hard foam of variable thickness depending on the thermal requirements, traversed by a network of corrosion-resistant reinforcements, distributed and arranged in accordance with the invention. lattice to take all the applied solicitations.

Other horizontal thermal breakers are composed of a polystyrene hard foam insulation of variable thickness depending on the thermal requirements, crossed by a network of corrosion resistant reinforcement, distributed and arranged in lattice to take the whole. applied solicitations. Such thermal bridge breakers may be provided on at least one of their faces with a fire protection profile or a fireproof plate.

Other horizontal thermal breakers are provided with rigid plates passing through the insulating material, such plates are intended to improve the resistance to shear. WO00 / 47834A1 , DE19543768 and CH701351 thus disclose different types of thermal bridge breakers incorporating an insulator and metal frames.

However, construction professionals note on a daily basis that The use of these thermal bridge breakers is an important source of loss. Indeed, the stop and the resumption of the pouring of the veil generates at the level of the sails of facade, in particular at the level of the chaining of floor, a lack of homogeneity at the origin of fissures even a defect in the behavior of the supported elements and / or contiguous.

The implementation of such thermal bridge switches for seismic zone constructions is also not in accordance with the requirements of seismic construction standards. These building standards constitute a set of rules to be applied to buildings to ensure their resistance to an earthquake of intensity less than or equal to the nominal intensity set by law. In France, the earthquake-resistant construction must guarantee the resistance of the buildings to an earthquake of intensity 7 to 8 on the MSK scale.

In order to meet its earthquake-resistant requirements, professionals include in buildings one or more additional devices intended to limit the response of buildings to the earthquake. For example, anti-seismic support devices, bracing elements, counterweight devices, seismic joints, etc.

However, until now, to the best of the applicant's knowledge, there is no thermal bridge breaker equipped with means enabling them to meet all of these requirements of solidity of the constructions and of the respect of the seismic norms. environmental.

There is therefore a need for suitable thermal breakers in seismic reinforced concrete constructions.

3. Objectives of the invention

The object of the invention is to propose a module forming a thermal bridge breaker for a floor of a reinforced concrete construction:

The invention also aims to provide such a module whose manufacture is easy and inexpensive.

Another object of the invention is to provide a thermal bridge breaker equipped with such a profile meeting the ever-increasing requirements of the regulations concerning the thermal properties and structural strength of such breakers.

An object of the invention is to provide a thermal bridge breaker whose implementation compared to the thermal bridge breakers of the prior art allows to obtain a higher earthquake resistance.

Another object of the invention, in at least one of its embodiments, is in particular to provide such a breaker that allows to improve the thermal performance of new constructions.

Another object of the invention, in at least one of its embodiments, is to provide such a breaker that reduces the loss of new constructions.

4. Presentation of the invention

These objectives, as well as others which will appear later are achieved with the aid of a module according to claim 1.

The profile has a Z-shape integrating two horizontal flat portions connected by an oblique planar portion, the horizontal flat portions being intended to transmit the stresses having a vertical component undergone by the module and the oblique planar portion being intended to transmit the stresses having a horizontal component undergone by the module. It is made of a ceramic matrix composite material or metal, said composite material having a thermal conductivity lower than that of the metal.

The module according to the invention is thus able to transmit and dissipate the stresses of a physical phenomenon having multidirectional, horizontal and / or vertical components, as is the case in particular with the stresses generated at the level of the buildings by a seismic jolt. .

The Z shape of the profile optimizes the transmission of structural stresses and also has the advantage of being easily manufactured.

The use of a ceramic matrix (CMC) or metal composite material having a thermal conductivity lower than that of the metal to produce the profile makes it possible not to significantly degrade the thermal insulation performance of thermal switches equipped with such profiles. .

The material in question will therefore be chosen so that the profile can both transmit the mechanical stresses, and thus fulfill its seismic role, and limit as much as possible the conduction of heat so as not to damage the thermal insulation performance of the equipped breakers. such profiles.

dans laquelle λ₀ est la conductivité thermique du matériau à 0 K, a est un coefficient caractéristique à chaque matériau et θ est la température en Kelvin.The term "thermal conductivity" of a material is understood to mean the physical quantity characterizing its behavior during heat transfer by conduction. It represents the amount of heat transferred per unit area and a unit of time under a temperature gradient of 1 degree per meter. This size meets the law: $$\mathrm{\lambda }={\mathrm{\lambda }}_0\left(1+\mathrm{a\theta }\right)$$

where λ ₀ is the thermal conductivity of the material at 0 K, a is a characteristic coefficient for each material and θ is the temperature in Kelvin.

The use of a profile made of ceramic matrix (CMC) or metal composite material has the advantage of greatly limiting the exchanges thermal, thus meeting the objectives set by the RT2012 standard and the Grenelle Environnement.

According to the invention, the thermal conductivity of the material used for the profile must be less than that of the metal, in practice less than 15 WK ¹ .m ^-1 .

According to an advantageous embodiment, the oblique planar portion of the profile has at least one orifice intended to accommodate the chaining of a web or slab, or a reinforcement intended to cooperate with the chaining of a web or a web. slab.

The profile is therefore likely to cooperate directly or indirectly with the chaining of a web and / or a slab. The chaining of the sail and / or slab may in particular be secured to the profile by any technique known to those skilled in the art, in particular by covering reinforcements.

Such cooperation between the profile and the chaining of a web and / or a slab makes it extremely easy and inexpensive to increase the mechanical strength of the building and to further improve the transmission and dissipation of vertical and vertical tensions. horizontals felt by the building during an earthquake.

According to the invention, the module forming a thermal bridge breaker for a floor intended to be used in a reinforced concrete construction, said module comprises at least one block of insulating material, metal frames capable of repelling the structural stresses, and at least a profile protruding from said block of insulating material.

"Thermal deck splitter" means a thermal bridge breaker capable of forming at the junction between a substantially horizontal slab and a substantially vertical façade, in particular between a floor slab or between two substantially horizontal slabs, in particular between a floor slab and a balcony slab.

Such a thermal breaker comprises an insulating material.

Examples of insulating material include rock wool, polystyrene or hard polyurethane foams.

The term "metal reinforcements capable of taking up structural stress", tensile or compressive steels and sharpness profiles. These reinforcements are secured to the chaining of the web and the chaining of the slab to respectively transmit the tensile forces, the shear forces and the compressive forces.

The metal reinforcements preferentially pass through the module to help maintain the rigidity of the slab / sail joint or slab / slab.

The cooperation of the insulating material with said at least one seismic profiled low conductivity material according to the invention limits the heat exchange and improves the building insulation. Such a module equipped with seismic profiles of thermal conductivity material lower than that of the metal does not have less thermal insulation properties than those of an identical module but devoid of such profiles.

The presence of the profiles according to the invention and together with metal reinforcements makes it possible to effectively absorb the mechanical stresses exerted on the profile in the event of an earthquake.

A module according to the present invention is therefore particularly advantageous for earthquake-resistant construction, the section or profiles allowing the module of the invention to recover the stresses having horizontal and / or vertical multidirectional components, which the modules of the prior art do not have. are not able to do.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the module according to the invention comprises at least one front wall, an insulating material, metal reinforcements capable of taking up structural stresses and at least one profile according to the invention projecting from said block of insulating material. and said front wall.

According to a preferred variant, said at least one profile passes through said block of insulating material, and said front wall, when there is one, from one side to the other.

According to this variant, most of the profile is found in the insulating material. Thus the voltages transmitted by the profile will be partly absorbed by the insulating material, thus contributing to improve the transmission and dissipation of the tensions felt by the building during a seismic shock.

According to another embodiment, a module according to the invention advantageously comprises a kind of protective housing comprising a rear wall, an upper wall and a lower wall forming with the front wall a tube assembly of substantially square or rectangular cross section, said metal frames passing right through said tube assembly.

The tube-shaped assembly inside which the insulating material is protected during the installation of the sail and slab courses and during the casting of the veil and the slab. The module according to the present invention comprises a tube assembly, the front wall being a sail side or balcony slab and the rear wall being slab side. Such a protective housing makes it possible to improve the service life and the maintenance of the insulating material in the construction. It allows in particular to keep in time the intrinsic characteristics of the insulation (dimension, humidity, ...).

Moreover, such a housing makes it possible to reinforce the seismic capacities of the module.

According to an advantageous variant, the front wall of said tube element of a module according to the invention is extended by an upper longitudinal edge provided in the plane of said front wall.

The longitudinal edge thus extends the front wall upwards. The longitudinal bank thus constitutes a part of banche, which during the pouring of the sail will be taken in concrete and embedded in the veil. The integration of the longitudinal edge of the module into the web makes it possible to reduce the risk of cracks and to reinforce the resistance of the supported and / or contiguous elements.

The longitudinal edge also makes it possible to define and ensure a continuous vertical alignment for the lifting of the upper panel. Thus the establishment of a superior formwork no longer requires to control the plumb and the continuity of the assembly.

Advantageously, said front wall of said tube member is extended by a lower longitudinal stop provided in the plane of said front wall.

The longitudinal stop therefore extends the front wall downwards and thus constitutes a part of banche, which during the pouring of the veil is going to be taken in the concrete and integrated into the veil. The integration of the longitudinal stop of the module in the veil makes it possible to reduce the risk of cracks and to reinforce the resistance of the supported and / or contiguous elements.

The longitudinal edge and / or the longitudinal stop may be brought and secured to the front wall during installation of the module. Thus, during transport of the module, the bank and / or the abutment are not likely to be damaged.

The bank and / or the abutment may be secured to the front wall by any technique known to those skilled in the art, particularly by welding.

According to a variant, said front wall and said longitudinal bank and / or said bottom longitudinal stop form a single front plate.

The specific profile of the housing thus allows its incorporation into a façade wall only by its front wall and its upper longitudinal edge and / or its lower longitudinal stop.

The incorporation of the module is done directly during the casting of the sails of facade, without resumption of casting in under face of the floor. The junction between the floor slab and the facade veil is performed without homogeneity, the risk of cracking and defect in the holding of supported elements and / or contiguous are diminished.

On the other hand, the fact that the module is incorporated in the sail only by its front wall and its upper longitudinal edge and / or its lower longitudinal stop does not lead to a thinning of the web at the thermal bridge breaker. The implementation of a module according to the invention, unlike the breakers of the prior art, does not require the thickening of the sails to ensure the holding of the supported elements and / or contiguous or the implementation of steel steels. additional chaining.

According to another variant, said front wall or said front plate is made of a plastic material having a low thermal conductivity, such as for example PVC or cellular polypropylene.

According to this variant, the thermal bridges capable of forming at the level of the front wall are limited. The front plate constitutes a thermal barrier complementary to the insulating material. The thermal performance of the frame is further improved.

Advantageously, said rear wall, said upper wall and said bottom wall are made in one piece.

The term "monobloc" means that the rear wall, the upper wall and the lower wall are formed by a single piece, without implementation of junction elements or weld type junction.

Preferably, said rear wall, said upper wall and said bottom wall are made of a plastic material having a low thermal conductivity, such as for example PVC.

According to this variant, the thermal bridges capable of forming at the level of the upper and lower rear walls are limited. The thermal performance of the frame is thus further improved.

In addition, it may be envisaged, to further limit the heat flow through the module, that the front wall has longitudinal slots and / or orifices and / or that the rear wall has slots and / or orifices. The presence of such slots and / or orifices "complicates" the path of the thermal flow through the module and thus makes it possible to further improve the thermal performance of the constructions using such modules.

Finally, it will also be noted that provision may be made for metal reinforcements covered with an insulating composite material in order to further improve somewhat the energy performance of the thermal breakers according to the invention.

5. List of figures

• la figure 1 représente un premier mode de réalisation d'un module formant rupteur de pont thermique selon la présente invention ;
• la figure 2 représente un second mode de réalisation d'un module formant rupteur de pont thermique pour plancher selon la présente invention en coupe transversale;
• la figure 3 représente une vue en coupe d'une construction intégrant un module selon la figure 2 ;
• la figure 4 représente un troisième mode de réalisation d'un module formant rupteur de pont thermique pour l'association entre plancher et balcon selon la présente invention, selon une vue en perspective ;
• la figure 5 représente une vue de dessus d'un module selon la figure 4.

Other features and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the following description of three preferred embodiments of a module according to the invention, given as simple illustrative and non-limiting examples, and the accompanying drawings. , among which :

• the figure 1 represents a first embodiment of a thermal bridge breaker module according to the present invention;
• the figure 2 is a second embodiment of a floor thermal breaker module according to the present invention in cross-section;
• the figure 3 represents a sectional view of a construction incorporating a module according to the figure 2 ;
• the figure 4 shows a third embodiment of a thermal bridge breaker module for the floor-to-balcony association according to the present invention, in a perspective view;
• the figure 5 represents a top view of a module according to the figure 4 .

6. General Recall of the Invention

The general principle of the invention is based on a Z-shaped seismic profile and made of a ceramic or metal matrix composite material having a thermal conductivity lower than that of the metal and its implementation. works in a module forming thermal breaker for floor,

The implementation of such a profile on a module forming a thermal bridge breaker makes it possible to obtain a module more adapted to be used in earthquake resistant constructions.

In addition, such a profile used on a module forming a thermal bridge breaker makes it extremely easy and inexpensive to improve the seismic performance of new constructions and to reduce the loss experience of new constructions.

7. Detailed descriptions of different embodiments

As shown on the figure 1 , a first embodiment of a module 1 according to the invention comprises a block of insulating material 12, traversed from one side by a profile according to the invention 14 and metal frames 13. The profile has a Z shape with two flat horizontal portions (141) interconnected by an oblique planar portion (142).

The horizontal plane portions (141) are intended to transmit the stresses having a vertical component undergone by the module (1) and the oblique plane portion (142) is intended to transmit the stresses having a component horizontally suffered by it.

In this embodiment, the profile is made of ceramic matrix composite material.

In the second embodiment shown in figures 2 and 3 a module (1) according to the invention comprises a tube assembly (11) of rectangular cross section traversed from one side by Z-shaped profiles (that is to say of identical shape to that of the profiles according to the first embodiment) made of ceramic matrix composite material. The assembly (11) has a front plate (111), a rear wall (112), an upper wall (113) and a bottom wall (114).

In this second embodiment, the plate (111) is a plate in PVC of 3,5 mm thick. It is formed by the front wall (111) of the assembly (11), an upper longitudinal edge (116) and a lower longitudinal stop (117). The plate (111) is intended to be integrated in the facade web (2).

The rear wall (112), the upper wall (113) and the lower wall (114) are made of PVC. As shown, the rear wall (112) is intended to be in contact with the floor slab (3). The upper wall (113) and the lower wall are intended to be in contact with an insulating material (21) placed on the facade web (2), on the inner side.

The protective housing defined by the front plate (111), the rear wall (112), the top wall (113) and the bottom wall (114) accommodates an insulating material (12), rockwool, in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped of 60 mm thickness.

As represented in figure 3 , the tube assembly (11) and the insulating material (12) are traversed right through by reinforcements (13). These reinforcements (13) allows the transmission of the forces and tensions exerted on the construction module (1). The frame (13) is made of stainless steel. As shown, the armature (13) is U-shaped. The legs of the armature (13) pass through the plate (111) and the rear wall (112) perpendicularly, so that the free ends of the arms ) are on the side of the floor slab (3) while the bent portion of the frame (13) is on the side of the facade web (2). The armature (13) is secured to the rear wall (112) at points by welding (in other embodiments, it may also use a fixation with plastic clips). It passes through the plate (111) without being secured. The plate (111) is secured to the rear wall (112), the upper wall (113) and the bottom wall (114) by punching.

The reinforcements (13) cooperate with the chaining (22) of the facade web (2) by their bent part and cooperate with the chaining (31) of the floor slab (3) by their branches. The armatures (13) are secured to the chaining (22, 31) by overlap.

As represented in figures 2 and 3 , the portions of the profiles (14) have on the oblique planar portion (142) two orifices (143) intended to accommodate an additional reinforcement intended to cooperate with the chaining of a slab or a veil. The implementation of such a reinforcement in the orifices (143) makes it possible to reinforce the anchoring in the concrete mass of the profile (14) and to oppose the phenomenon of loosening of the profile (14).

In addition the armature-profiled assembly is a ductile assembly, that is to say that has a slow response to deformation, reducing the risk of frank and rapid rupture of the profile and the module according to the invention.

In a third embodiment shown in figures 4 and 5 , the tube assembly (11) and the insulating material (12) are traversed from one side by two reinforcements (13, 13 ') and seismic profiles (14) having the same shape as those used in the first and second embodiments and formed in the same material.

The reinforcements (13, 13 ') allow the transmission of the forces and tensions exerted on the construction to the module (1). The frames (13, 13 ') are made of stainless steel. As shown, the reinforcements (13, 13 ') have a U-shape. The arms (131, 132) of the armature (13) pass through the plate (111) and the rear wall (12) perpendicularly, so that the free ends of the branches (131, 132) are on the side of the floor slab (3) while the bent portion (133) of the frame (13) is on the side of the balcony slab (2). The branches (131 ', 132') of the frame (13 ') pass through the plate (111) and the rear wall (12) with a slight inclination, so that the free ends of the legs (131', 132 ') are on the side of the floor slab (3 ') while the bent portion (133') of the frame (13 ') is on the side of the facade web (2'). The reinforcements (13, 13 ') are joined by welding to the rear wall (112) at crossing points.

The reinforcements (13, 13 ') are intended to cooperate with the chaining (22) of a balcony slab by their bent part (133) and to cooperate with the chaining (31) of a floor slab by their branches ( 131, 132, 131 ', 132').

In this third embodiment, the plate (111) is constituted by the front wall of the assembly (11) and a lower longitudinal stop (117). The plate (111) is intended to be in contact with the balcony slab. The rear wall (112) is intended to be in contact with the floor slab (3).

8. Implementation of a Thermal Bridge Breaker Module According to the First Embodiment

• la mise en place de banches dissymétriques pour le coulage du voile de façade, la banche côté extérieur est arasée au-dessus de l'arase supérieure du plancher à couler,la banche côté intérieur est arasée en sous face du plancher à couler;
• la pose des armatures en élévation de banches ;
• la pose des modules (1) selon l'invention en tête de banche côté intérieur, la partie inférieure de chaque module (1) est positionnée et calée sur l'épaisseur de la banche grâce à un système de cale en bois. La partie avant de chaque module (1) vient en butée contre la banche côté intérieur. Les armatures (13) de chaque module (1) s'insèrent dans les cadres du chaînage vertical du voile de façade (2) et de la dalle (3). Les modules sont disposés le long du voile de façade de manière à obtenir une isolation ininterrompue ;
• la pose des chaînages horizontaux du voile de façade ;
• le coulage du voile de façade;
• le décoffrage des banches. Les modules (1) sont fixés dans le voile de façade;
• la pose du coffrage de plancher ;
• le ferraillage du plancher ;
• le coulage du plancher ;
• la mise en place des banches pour le coulage du voile supérieur.

The implementation of a thermal breaker according to the first embodiment comprises:

• the establishment of dissymmetrical soffits for the pouring of the facade veil, the outer side banche is leveled above the upper level of the floor to be poured, the inner side banche is leveled under the face of the floor to be poured;
• the laying of frames in elevation of banches;
• the laying of the modules (1) according to the invention at the head of banche inner side, the lower part of each module (1) is positioned and wedged on the thickness of the form thanks to a wooden wedge system. The front part of each module (1) abuts against the side inside. The frames (13) of each module (1) fit into the frames of the vertical chaining of the facade web (2) and the slab (3). The modules are arranged along the facade wall so as to obtain uninterrupted insulation;
• the laying of horizontal chaining of the facade veil;
• the pouring of the facade veil;
• the stripping of the banches. The modules (1) are fixed in the facade wall;
• the laying of the floor formwork;
• reinforcement of the floor;
• the pouring of the floor;
• the setting up of the panels for pouring the upper veil.

8. Implementation of a Thermal Bridge Breaker Module According to the Second Embodiment

• la mise en place de banches dissymétriques pour le coulage du voile de façade, la banche côté extérieur est arasée au dessus de l'arase supérieure du plancher à couler, au niveau de la rive longitudinale supérieure (116), la banche côté intérieur est arasée en sous face du plancher à couler;
• la pose des armatures en élévation de banches ;
• la pose des modules (1) selon l'invention en tête de banche côté intérieur, la paroi inférieure (114) de chaque module (1) est positionnée et calée sur l'épaisseur de la banche grâce à un système de cale en bois. La plaque (111) de chaque module (1) vient en butée contre la banche côté intérieur et la cale en bois par sa butée longitudinale inférieure (117). Les armatures (13) de chaque module (1) s'insèrent dans les cadres du chaînage vertical du voile de façade (2) et de la dalle (3). Les modules sont disposés le long du voile de façade de manière à obtenir une isolation ininterrompue ;
• la pose des chaînages horizontaux du voile de façade ;
• le coulage du voile de façade;
• le décoffrage des banches. Les modules (1) sont fixés dans le voile de façade, la paroi supérieure, la paroi inférieure et la paroi arrière du module formant une talonnette faisant saillie du côté plancher ;
• la pose du coffrage de plancher ;
• le ferraillage du plancher ;
• le coulage du plancher ;
• la mise en place des banches pour le coulage du voile supérieur à partir de la talonnette.

The implementation of a thermal breaker according to the second mode of réaistion comprises:

• the establishment of dissymmetrical soffits for the pouring of the facade veil, the external side trim is leveled above the upper level of the floor to be cast, at the level of the upper longitudinal edge (116), the inner side edge is leveled underfloor of the floor to be poured;
• the laying of frames in elevation of banches;
• the installation of the modules (1) according to the invention at the headboard side inside, the bottom wall (114) of each module (1) is positioned and wedged to the thickness of the form thanks to a wooden wedge system. The plate (111) of each module (1) abuts against the inner side of the board and the wooden block by its lower longitudinal stop (117). The frames (13) of each module (1) fit into the frames of the vertical chaining of the facade web (2) and the slab (3). The modules are arranged along the facade wall so as to obtain uninterrupted insulation;
• the laying of horizontal chaining of the facade veil;
• the pouring of the facade veil;
• the stripping of the banches. The modules (1) are fixed in the facade web, the top wall, the bottom wall and the rear wall of the module forming a heel protruding from the floor side;
• the laying of the floor formwork;
• reinforcement of the floor;
• the pouring of the floor;
• the establishment of the panels for pouring the upper veil from the heel.

9. Implementation of a Thermal Bridge Breaker Module According to the Third Embodiment

• le coulage du voile séparant le plancher et le balcon ;
• la pose des coffrages de plancher et de balcon ;
• la pose d'un module selon le deuxième mode de réalisation, la butée longitudinale inférieure s'insérant entre le voile banché déjà coulé et le contre-plaqué du coffrage plancher ;
• la pose des ferraillages du plancher et du balcon ;
• le coulage du plancher et du balcon.

The implementation of a module according to the second embodiment differs from that of a module according to the second embodiment in that it involves:

• the pouring of the veil separating the floor and the balcony;
• laying of floor and balcony formwork;
• the laying of a module according to the second embodiment, the lower longitudinal abutment inserted between the already cast banister and plywood of the floor formwork;
• the laying of reinforcement of the floor and the balcony;
• the pouring of the floor and the balcony.

Thus, the implementation of modules according to the invention does not involve resumption of the casting of the web under the face of the floor and therefore reinforces the rigidity of the slab / sail junction, reduces the risk of cracks and strengthens the strength of supported and / or contiguous elements.

Moreover, the implementation of modules according to the invention does not involve any modification or reduction or discontinuity of the rebar reinforcement at the edge of the floor.

Comparative studies on the mechanical and parasitic performances of the modules according to the invention and modules of the prior art have been carried out.

The results obtained show that the modules according to the invention allow to reduce by a factor of three the movements to the module-floor connection, compared to modules of the prior art, for identical solicitations.

The results obtained also show that the value of the force to be applied to obtain a rupture of the module according to the invention is 30 to 50% greater than the value of the force leading to the rupture of the modules of the prior art.

Seismic performance tests show that the modules of the prior art do not exhibit mechanical resistance to forces having a horizontal component. Such modules are therefore not adapted to withstand earthquakes. On the other hand, the results obtained for the modules according to the invention highlight their mechanical resistance against forces with vertical and horizontal multidirectional components. This rigidity is obtained thanks to the seismic profiles according to the invention, and by the combination of these profiles with the metal frames.

Claims (13)

1. Module (1) forming a thermal bridge breaker for flooring intended to be used in a reinforced concrete construction, the module comprising at least one block of insulating material (12) and metal frames (13) capable of absorbing structural stresses wherein the module (1) comprises at least one profile (14) protruding from the block of insulating material (12), characterised in that the profile is Z-shaped integrating two horizontal flat portions (141) connected by an oblique flat portion (142), the horizontal flat portions (141) being intended for transmitting the stresses which have a vertical component and which are sustained by the module (1) and the oblique flat portion (142) being intended to transmit the stresses which have a horizontal component and which are sustained by the module (1) and the profile being made of a composite material with a ceramic or metal matrix, the composite material having a thermal conductivity lower than that of metal.
2. Module according to claim 1, characterised in that the oblique flat portion (142) of the profile has at least one orifice intended for receiving the linking of a wall or of a slab or a frame intended for co-operating with the linking of a wall or of a slab.
3. Module according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that it comprises a front wall (111), at least one block of insulating material (12) and metal frames (13) suitable for absorbing structural stresses, the at least one profile (14) protruding from the block of insulating material (12) and/or the front wall (111).
4. Module according to claim 3, characterised in that the at least one profile passes through the block of insulating material (12) and/or the front wall (111).
5. Module according to claims 3 and 4, characterised in that it comprises a back wall (112), an upper wall (113) and a lower wall (114) forming with the front wall (111) an assembly forming a tube (11) with an essentially square or rectangular cross section, the metal frames (13) and the profiles (14) passing right through the assembly forming a tube (11).
6. Module according to claim 5, characterised in that the front wall (111) of the element forming a tube (11) is extended by an upper longitudinal edge (116) provided in the plane of the front wall.
7. Module according to any one of claims 5 or 6, characterised in that the front wall (111) of the element forming a tube (11) is extended by a lower longitudinal abutment (117) provided in the plane of the front wall.
8. Module according to any one of claims 6 or 7, characterised in that the front wall (111) and the longitudinal edge (116) and/or the lower longitudinal abutment (117) form one and the same front plate.
9. Module according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterised in that the front wall (111) or the front plate is made of a plastic material having a low thermal conductivity.
10. Module according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterised in that the back wall, the upper wall and the lower wall are formed in one piece.
11. Module according to any one of claims 5 to 10, characterised in that the back wall, the upper wall and the lower wall are made of a plastic material having a low thermal conductivity.
12. Module according to any one of claims 5 to 11, characterised in that the front wall (111) and/or the back wall (112) have slots and/or orifices.
13. Module according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that metal frames (13) are coated with an insulating composite material.

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