EP1190154B1 - Door hinge - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a door linkage according to the preamble of the claim 1.

FR-C-880 197 describes a motor vehicle door hinge for connecting one Motor vehicle door with a corresponding body part, in which a four-bar transmission on the one hand a support arm and on the other hand a control rod connects on both sides with a bearing plate, the bearing plates be attached to the car door or body accordingly. An influence on the movement of the motor vehicle door hinge by one There is no change in the relative position of the control rod and support arm possible.

US-A-5,632,065 describes a motor vehicle door hinge in which a motor vehicle door on the one hand and on a spar of a vehicle body on the other attachable stop parts via a support arm on the one hand and a control rod on the other hand are connected in such an articulated manner that this one Define four-bar gearbox.

US-A-3,275,370 describes a four-bar linkage to a motor vehicle hinged door, in which a plate-shaped support arm in the form of a Rectangularly arranged aft and with four arranged in the area of the corners Articulated eyes, one on each side of the support arm to the vertical define inclined axis, is formed while a control rod in frontal area of the door controls the displacement movement of the door. In which Known gears are the other with the said joint eyes Hinge leaves defining part of the joints without the possibility of fine adjustment to correct assembly and manufacturing tolerances to the Door arrangement parts of door or door pillar attached.

US-A-3,095,600 describes a four-bar linkage to a motor vehicle hinged door, with an upper and a lower arm with each laterally offset joints and a control rod are provided to the To arrange the door pivotable on the vehicle. This kind of articulation with imprecise striking causes at least one stiff type of Linkage. All possible freedom when opening the door are for the reasonably functioning articulation required, so that due to dimensional, Manufacturing and assembly tolerances occurring asymmetrical arrangements the door in the corresponding opening in the bodywork can.

EP-A-0 596 403 describes a to a motor vehicle via a four-bar transmission hinged door, with the four-bar mechanism in a four-bar hinge is formed, the door-side or column-side hinge bracket one articulation each with a joint of a support arm and a joint have a control rod, the support arm also with individual hinges defining joints in the alignment of those provided on the hinge brackets Has joints of the support arm. The support arm will be within its Articulated eyes circumscribed by a rectangle. To adjust the door is the control rod is divided into two halves that interact with holes Bolts are mutually fixable, which for example the aft joint of the support arm has a different position relative to the frontal joint of the control rod and thus the theoretical Possibility to change the position of the door in the body by Vertical, but there are only two alternatives. Owing to Dimensional, manufacturing and assembly tolerances occurring asymmetrical Arrangements of the door in the opening of the body can not exactly enough to be corrected.

US-A-4,665,586 describes a four-bar linkage to a motor vehicle hinged door, with an upper and a lower four-bar mechanism each from a control rod and from a common plate-shaped Support arm are formed, with a possibility of correcting the orientation of the Door in the body is not given.

When installing a motor vehicle door, the door to the body in x-y and z-direction can be set in their position. The x direction stands for the Direction of travel, y for the horizontal direction across x and z for the vertical Direction across to x. In the case of a swing-out door hinge, it must be adjusted the door to the body also a defined position of the support arm of the Hinge done at the location of the door panel so that part of the Door lining, which is mounted on the support arm, in the correct position Instrument panel, etc. can be fixed. Through this adjustment requirement the setting options when attaching the door shell to the Hinge greatly reduced. With hinged hinges, the Setting to compensate for an angular misalignment between the screwing surfaces on the door and on the door pillar by determining the y and z coordinates respectively. This setting option is in the case of the swing-out door hinge due to the need for adjustment of the support arm for the door interior trim consumed. With a swing out door hinge is therefore additional adjustment by rotation around the x-axis is required. Furthermore it may be necessary for tolerance reasons when installing the door, with a Multi-hinged door hinge for attaching the positioned door to the hinge an angular offset between the Schamier and Compensate door panel. Such compensation is only possible by twisting the Hinge leaf can be compensated. This setting can only be done by Changing the distance between the articulation axes of the control rod on the door and Door pillar. The known solutions to change the length of the Control rods are very much in the production as well as in the assembly consuming.

It is the object of the invention to provide a door linkage according to the top Claim 1 to create a simple and effective influencing the Door position in the body allows.

This task is performed with the door linkage mentioned at the beginning characterizing features of claim 1 solved.

The one-piece control rod is on the door or column side of a bearing plate articulated, on which a corresponding joint eye of the support arm, preferably the lower one is articulated. The hinge part of the support arm and the hinge part of the control rod can be attached with the same screws Door arrangement part, door or door pillar, are struck, causing this Connection is also a connection of the two door hinges, whereby the four-bar mechanism in the four-bar hinge defined thereby is defined. Alternatively, with the same result, the hinge part is possible to attach the control rod to the hinge part of the support arm and one of the two hinge parts with the door arrangement part, door or door pillar attach because by attaching the two hinge parts together Joint axes of the control rod and support arm are fixed relative to each other be, so that a defined four-bar hinge is formed.

A special feature of this training is that the two Hinge parts are not only mutually connectable, but that above addition, the connection is displaceable in the direction of the control rod, resulting in The consequence is that the relative position of the two joint axes to one another is changeable, changing the distance between the two joint axes in the closed position of the door pivoting around has an essentially vertical axis.

By providing the possibility of mutual relocation, which can be conveniently carried out continuously and inexpensively, is a special fine and sensitive correction of an offset of the motor vehicle door in the corresponding recess of the vehicle body possible, wherein in Depending on the increase or decrease in the distance of the the vehicle door about a substantially vertical axis towards its aft edge or towards its front edge is pivoted if it is assumed that the control rod further forward attacks as the support arm.

In a particularly simple and convenient manner, the relative Relocation of the two hinge parts take place in that in at least one of the two hinge parts essentially in the direction of the x-axis extending (with the door closed) elongated hole is formed, which by a common screw / nut combination is enforced, which at Reach the desired position to finally fix the two Door hinges is tightened. There is almost self-centering in the Installation of the door.

The door linkage according to the invention preferably has a support arm, the one in a base support arm and at least one detachable, the two on the one hand of the support arm provided joint arm part comprising support arm is divisible, the base arm and arm part expediently have mutually facing flat sides that have a plane of contact define that at the same time a pivoting movement of the support arm part relative to the base bracket in the manner of a stop. Basic support arm and Support arm part are preferred by means of mutual fastening Screws or the like are mutually clamped, these means are designed to be releasable to mutual rotation of the support arm part and Basic support arm around a swivel axis normal to the contact plane permit. The swivel axis is made up of a base support arm and support arm part enforcing axis, which may not be the same Orientation as the pivot axis, with the pivot axis normal to the contact areas determined by the location of the passage of the axis is. For example, it is possible to use only one of the Contact surfaces protruding pin for defining the pivot axis to be provided while fastening in other places by means of Screw connection or the like is provided.

A particular advantage of the door linkage according to the invention is that that the pivoting of the arm part and base arm relative to each other correcting the position of a door in a relatively small angle recess of the vehicle body designed for this purpose essentially around the x-axis, which corresponds to the direction of travel in motor vehicles, allows. This can result in manufacturing and assembly tolerances during installation the door leading to an optically unsightly asymmetry or tilt lead relative to the body, in a particularly simple and efficient manner are corrected, in particular in the case of a pivoting movement of the Door-defining four-bar gearboxes make a correction at the attachment points the door-side or door-pillar-side hinge parts is complicated by the fact that the determination of the position relative to the door lining the known Adjustment paths used up.

In contrast, the door linkage according to the invention enables readjustment an already knocked door, preferably in the aft one Bracket arm screws are provided that allow the bracket arm part to solve and around the pivot axis to correct the position of the door by one in to be set essentially parallel to the horizontal axis.

The level of contact between the base support arm and Support arm part not only from a central or eccentric screw Definition of the pivot axis interspersed, but also by further locking and / or Guide elements that are at a distance from the swivel axis corresponding radius around the swivel axis on a circular path become. For this purpose, the locking and / or, preferably, designed as a screw Guide element in one of the two parts of the base bracket and Support arm part screwed in while in the other of the two parts Elongated hole, which also has some vertical play, is provided to the Screw shaft performing a short segment of a circle to enable appropriate displacement within the elongated hole. As an alternative to an elongated hole with vertical play, it is also possible that Shape the elongated hole according to the segment of the circle and the play radially to reduce the circle segment accordingly. This last variant has the Advantage that a drop due to the vertical play of the arm part of the base support arm is effectively prevented during pivoting.

The level of contact is a level in the broadest sense, i.e. it is not necessary that the plane of contact with a surface in the Space collapses. Rather, it is possible that the contact plane is off consists of several sections, for example a relocation section, compared to the section to which the means for attaching Basic support arm and support arm section pass through the contact level, on the side is offset. For example, the contact plane could be a dome shape have, for example, the symmetrical training Would allow pivoting movement easily. Furthermore, the Contact plane can be formed from axially offset circular sections, the would also allow pivoting.

The bracket serves in the arrangement according to the invention as a four-bar mechanism essentially to the burden of particularly large and thus heavy doors on the motor vehicle and in particular on its door pillar, which is arranged in the area of the A-beam. For this is the support arm formed in the manner of a plate body, in its four corner areas the articulated eyes are designed for articulation on the door or on the column.

The support arm part is advantageously on the side facing the door of the Base bracket releasably attached because it is particularly good for adjusting the Orientation towards the base bracket is accessible. It is also possible, alternatively or cumulatively, a support arm part on the frontal side of the support arm articulated on the door pillar, whereby the orientation in a similar and hardly changed manner the door in the recess in the body by rotating it the x-axis can be influenced. However, it will usually be sufficient just to provide a two-part design of the support arm.

It should be noted that the support arm part integrates the two on it trained articulated eyes of the support arm with regard to their alignment and their distance and one in the manner of a bar the two hinge eyes connecting and the support arm part to a one-piece and thus without Adjustment effort positionable part connecting mass product creates, so that the door linkage according to the invention also by means of a four-bar mechanism otherwise there is no adjustability of the position of the door about the x-axis gets mediated.

A significant advantage of the two-part or multi-part design of the support arm also consists in the more economical possibility of manufacturing the basic support arm from an extruded profile in which the area between the joint eyes supporting industry is produced as an independent arm part and not as costly material loss occurs. In addition, the manufacture of the basic support arm in the extrusion process inexpensively possible, which also the mechanical further processing for exposing the trade is omitted.

Further advantages and features of the invention result from the dependent claims and from the following description.

Fig. 1

zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Türanlenkung.

Fig. 2

zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht des türseitigen Endes des Tragarms der Anlenkung aus Fig. 1.

Fig. 3

zeigt eine teilweise geschnittene Ansicht durch den Tragarm entlang der Linie III-III aus Fig. 2.

The invention is explained below using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1

shows a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a door linkage according to the invention.

Fig. 2

shows a perspective view of the door-side end of the support arm of the linkage from FIG. 1.

Fig. 3

shows a partially sectioned view through the support arm along the line III-III of FIG. 2nd

1 shows a perspective view of one designated by 1 Door linkage, the door 2 indicated as a dash-dotted line on one also dash-dotted indicated door pillar 3 pivotally. The Door linkage 1 is carried out by a four-bar linkage, the handlebar of which is on the one hand a support arm 4 and on the other hand are a control rod 5. The support arm 4 and the control rod 5 are articulated on the one hand via corresponding hinge parts hinged to the door pillar 3 and on the other hand to the door 2.

The support arm 4 is plate-shaped and defines in its interior a cavity 6 in which to increase the stiffening ribs or The like can be provided, the cavity in several chambers split. The cavity 6 is expediently upwards and downwards perforated and thus opens the access to the interior of the Support arm 4. The support arm 4 has two in its corner areas door pillar-side 7a, 7b and two door-side 14a, 14b hinged eyes on the Articulation on fastened accordingly on the door pillar 3 or on the door 2 Hinge parts are intended. The joint eyes are close to the outer Corners of the support arm 4 are provided, the support arm 4 in a essentially vertical plane.

The hinged eyes 7a and 7b on the door pillar are respectively in the lower one Area or in the upper area of the corner of the door column 3 facing The narrow side of the support arm 4 is formed, the joint eye 7b in known manner on a hinge part 8 and the hinge eye 7a in is articulated in a known manner on a hinge part 9. The hinge parts 8, 9 are in a known manner by means of screw and this in the Hinge parts 8 and 9 provided bores 10 on the door pillar 3 struck. At the hinge part 9 is the end of the door pillar Control rod 5 articulated so that the hinge part 9 two a fixed Has spaced joints.

The support arm 4 is divided into a base support arm 4a and a support arm part 4b, with base bracket 4a and bracket part 4b along a common Touch level 11 and are held against each other. The Base support arm 4a is in one piece with those that support the articulated eyes 7a, 7b Trades, while the support arm part 4b in turn the trades, on which the hinge parts hinged on the door 2 12, 13 defining articulated eyes 14a, 14b are arranged via a in between, narrow ledge connects. The hinge parts 12, 13 are double-winged and have holes penetrating their wings 15, by means of which they are directly on the door 2 or via an intermediate piece, e.g. in the form of a drilled spacer, can be connected.

As can be seen even better in FIGS. 2 and 3, the contact plane 11, which is both a closed and an openwork Area can act, interspersed by a screw 16 which in the corresponding holes in the base arm 4a and the arm part 4b is provided, which is accessible on the outside of the support arm 4th is arranged and with a nut that is accessible in the cavity 6, is secured. Alternatively, it is also possible, e.g. the screw head thread the opposite hole.

It can be seen that the screw 16 extends normal to the contact plane 11 and that the screw axis 16a is substantially normal to the plane of contact 11 runs. The screw axis 16a thus coincides with one Rotation axis around the shaft of the screw 16 of the support arm part 4b around the base support arm 4a if by loosening the to fix the two parts 4a, 4b provided screws 17a, 17b in the area of the contact plane 11 Gap between support arm part 4b and base support arm 4a, which pivots allows, will be released. Here, the screws 17a, b not only form Fasteners, but also guide elements that are in the manner of a Cam through a trained as slot 18 and a cam track corresponding hole in the end face facing the support arm part 4b of the base support arm 4a define. It goes without saying that the one Stop for the support arm part 4b defining end face of the base support arm 4a in those areas in which the elongated holes 18 are formed, is formed at least as a flat wall section. Those areas the end face of the base support arm 4a, which is not penetrated by screws 17 are not necessarily a termination of the end wall from the To have material of the base support arm.

It can be seen that even in the case where the screw is used a slope is not normal to the contact plane 11, or in the case where the contact plane 11 does not form a two-dimensional surface Pivot axis 16a is normal to the boundary surface 11. That would be it is possible instead of the screw 16 one from the boundary surface 11 of the to form a partially protruding fixed shaft, the one Corresponding hole penetrates the other part, the shaft axis do not necessarily coincide with the normal of the contact plane got to. It can also be seen that the screw 16 is not centered between the Screws 17a, 17b sits, but opposite one for certain Applications advantageous eccentric central position, but close to the Middle layer is arranged. The position of the screw 16, the axis 16a of which In this case, the pivot axis is defined in relation to the dimensions of the door 2, with the screw axis 16a approximately in a first approximation Height of a horizontal alignment axis of the door 2 runs, the adjustment of which relative adjustability, as explained in detail below, by Support arm part 4b and base support arm 4a can be used advantageously.

2 that the screws 17a, 17b in corresponding thread of the trade carrying the articulated eyes 14a, 14b of the support arm part 4b are used, with the securing also instead would be possible for a mother outside of the trade. By connecting in The area of trade will have a particularly good strength of connection Base bracket 4a and bracket part 4b created. But it is also beneficial possible to move the screws 17a, 17b closer to the screw 16 in order to thus the associated with the pivoting about the axis 16a Displacement along a distance corresponding to the screw 16 and amount of a circle segment defining a radius of the circle to reduce.

3 that the elongated holes 18 are not only one hole elongated with respect to the shaft diameter of the screws 17a, 17b represent, but also that the height of the elongated holes compared to the Shaft diameter is increased, which makes it possible that the Screws 17a, 17b perform a rotary movement in the elongated holes 18 which Displacement components in two dimensions according to the trigonometric Laws included.

The door-side end of the control rod 5 is on a double leaf Hinge part 19 articulated to the door 2 via elongated holes 20 can be struck. The hinge part 12 and the hinge part 19 define an in Movable in the direction of the long slot axis of the slot 20 Installation state of the control rod 5 and the support arm 4, which is Attaching hinge parts with elongated holes has proven itself in practice and thus the sharing of the control rod 5 is unnecessary. By Relative displacement of the hinge parts 12 and 19 to each other along the Bores 15 and the elongated holes 20 penetrating shafts of Screws or bolts, which in the present embodiment Bores 15 keep the screws almost free of play, it is possible to Distance of the door-side joints from control rod 5 and support arm 4 in one limited scope, essentially creating a Relocation of the vehicle door 2 struck on the door parts 13, 12, 19 by a vertical axis is made possible, so that the position of the door 2 in the Body becomes correctable.

To adjust the position of a motor vehicle door 2 in the present Embodiment of the door linkage 1 according to the invention now two Degrees of freedom can be used to advantage due to Machining and manufacturing tolerances are otherwise not centric and therefore Correct visually appealing door 2 in its position, although that Four-bar gearbox of articulation 1 by a four-bar hinge 9, 5, 4, 12/19 is set and would not allow such changes per se. The door 2 can be pivoted about the axis 16 a of the screw 16 around a substantially the x-axis of the vehicle (direction of travel) corresponding axis are aligned and by shifting along of the elongated hole 20 can pivot the vehicle door 2 about the z-axis (Vertical) can be set up. It should be noted that due to the specific requirements of the door linkage 1 often the axes 16a or the hinge axes of the door-side joints of the support arm 4 or Control rod 5 is not ideal in the closed state of the Door coincide with the x and z axes of the vehicle, for example because the transverse movement superimposed on the swiveling movement forms a path in the Room should run. In these cases, too, is adjusting the position of the door possible because of the two setting options in an iterative Procedure such door positions are adjustable in which the corresponding Components of the setting around the x and y axes additively one enable optimal positional alignment of door 2.

In the exemplary embodiment, the hinge parts 12 and 16 are each over their two hinge leaves to be attached to the door by one common bolts are interspersed, connected. It's closed notice that it is easily possible, for example only the left one Hinge wing of the hinge part 19 with the left hinge wing of the To connect hinge part 12 and then either one of the two right Hinge wing of the hinge part 12 or of the hinge part 19 with the door 2 to connect, the expedient for static reasons Connection to the support arm 4 is selected.

The invention is based on a preferred one Embodiment has been explained in more detail, with further refinements of the divided support arm 4, for example halved in the middle or in three parts, to Improving the adjustability of the position of the door in the corresponding Body recess with swiveling around the x-axis of the vehicle can also be realized.

Claims (10)

1. A door coupling for a door (2) of a motor vehicle, in which the door (2) can be displaced with respect to a door pillar (3) in a transverse movement combined with a pivoting movement by means of a four-joint mechanism, the four-joint mechanism having a supporting arm (4) connected in an articulated manner to the door (2) and in an articulated manner to the door pillar (3) and a control rod (5) connected in an articulated manner to the door (2) and in an articulated manner to the door pillar (3), the supporting arm (4) being fastened in an articulated manner with regard to the door and pillar at in each case two gudgeons (7a, 7b, 14a, 14b) assigned to the end regions of the supporting arm (4), wherein the control rod (5) is of single piece design and with regard to the door or pillar is coupled to a bearing plate (9) to which a corresponding gudgeon (7a) of the supporting arm (4) is also coupled, and the control rod (5), at its end remote from this side, is coupled to a hinge part (19),
   characterized in that the hinge part (19) the control rod (5) is coupled to can be displaced jointly with and in the direction of the control rod (5) relative to a corresponding hinge part (12) assigned to a gudgeon (14a) of the supporting arm (4).
2. The door coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that the hinge part (19) which is assigned to the remote end of the control rod (5) can be displaced relative to the corresponding hinge part (12) of the supporting arm (4) by a slot (20) being formed in at least one of the two hinge parts.
3. The door coupling according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hinge parts (12, 19) displaceable relative to each other can be fastened via screws to the door (2), and that in at least one of the door hinge parts (12, 19) holes (15, 20) are provided as slots (20) in the direction of the x-axis of the vehicle for receiving the screws.
4. The door coupling according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the supporting arm (4) has a base supporting arm (4a) and at least one supporting arm part (4b) which can be detached from said base supporting arm and comprises the two gudgeons (14a, 14b) provided at one end of the supporting arm (4), and means (16, 17) for the mutual fastening of the base supporting arm (4a) and supporting arm part (4b), and that an axis (16a) passing through the tangent plane (11) of the base supporting arm (4a) and supporting arm part (4b) allows adjustment of the supporting arm part (4b) with respect to the base supporting arm (4a) by mutual twisting around a pivot axis (16a) which is perpendicular with respect to the tangent plane (11).
5. The door coupling according to claim 4, characterized in that the pivot axis (16a) is arranged between the gudgeons (14a, 14b) of the supporting arm part (4a), and at a distance from the pivot axis (16a) at least one fixing and/or guide element (17) passes through the tangent plane (11) of the base supporting arm (4a) and supporting arm part (4b).
6. The door coupling according to claim 5, characterized in that the fixing and/or guide element at least comprises a slot (18) which is formed along a circular arc around the pivot axis in the end side of the base supporting arm (4a) or the supporting arm part (4b) and a hole (18) which is arranged on the corresponding circular arc in the side of the respectively other part of the base supporting arm (4a) and supporting arm part (4b), the supporting arm part (4b) being releasably fixable in each rotational position with respect to the base supporting arm (4a) by means of at least two spaced-apart fixing elements (17), on the one hand in the pivot axis (16a) and on the other hand on a circular arc at a distance thereto.
7. The door coupling according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the fixing and/or guide elements are formed by screw/nut elements (17).
8. The door coupling according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the at least one supporting arm part (4b) faces the door (2).
9. The door coupling according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the axis (16a) passing through the tangent plane (11) is the axis of a screw (16) and coincides with the pivot axis (16a).
10. The door coupling according to one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that with the door (2) closed the pivot axis (16a) lies essentially in the horizontal and parallel to the direction of travel of the motor vehicle.

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