EP1185629A1 - Nukleinsäurefragment und vektor, enthaltend eine halogenase, sowie ein verfahren zur halogenierung chemischer verbindungen - Google Patents
Nukleinsäurefragment und vektor, enthaltend eine halogenase, sowie ein verfahren zur halogenierung chemischer verbindungenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1185629A1 EP1185629A1 EP00929542A EP00929542A EP1185629A1 EP 1185629 A1 EP1185629 A1 EP 1185629A1 EP 00929542 A EP00929542 A EP 00929542A EP 00929542 A EP00929542 A EP 00929542A EP 1185629 A1 EP1185629 A1 EP 1185629A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- methyl
- cιo
- butenyl
- dimethyl
- ethyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
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- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 41
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- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 12
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- UUEVFMOUBSLVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo-[[1-[2-[2-[2-[4-(oxoazaniumylmethylidene)pyridin-1-yl]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]pyridin-4-ylidene]methyl]azanium;dibromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].C1=CC(=C[NH+]=O)C=CN1CCOCCOCCN1C=CC(=C[NH+]=O)C=C1 UUEVFMOUBSLVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aspirin Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- UBCKGWBNUIFUST-YHYXMXQVSA-N tetrachlorvinphos Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)O\C(=C/Cl)C1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl UBCKGWBNUIFUST-YHYXMXQVSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
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- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 16
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 16
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/52—Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the enzymatic halogenation of chemical compounds.
- the invention further relates to a nucleic acid fragment, a vector and organisms 10 containing a halogenase or a halogenase gene.
- Halogenation reactions have long been known in chemical synthesis. They are used to manufacture a large number of halogenated organic compounds. A disadvantage of these
- haloperoxidases enzymes 30 are known from the literature which halogenate organic compounds in the presence of a halogen ion and hydrogen peroxide.
- examples of such enzymes are the haloperoxidase from Streptomyces aureofaciens (Kren et al., Liebigs Ann. / Red., 1997, 11: 2379-83), from Rhodococcus erythropolis (Schrijver et al., Appl. Environ. Micro-35 biol., 1997, 63, 5: 1911-1916), from Amycolatopsis orientalis (van Wageningen et al., Chem.
- halogenation reaction is the actual enzyme reaction of these haloperoxidases or whether it is only a side reaction.
- the 45 enzymes very often show a low substrate and cosubstrate affinity and a low specificity for enzymes.
- other halogenating enzymes are known from the literature. For example, Kirner et al. (J. Bacteriol., 1998, Vol. 180, No. 7, p. 1939-1943) and Hohaus et al. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1997, 36, No. 18, 2012-2013) a halogenase which introduces a chloro atom in the 7-position of the tryptophan.
- GenBank (Y 16952) has a 9.9 kb Amycolatopsis mediterranei DNA fragment. Pelzer et al. describe two functions of this DNA in the GenBank entry. It codes for oxygenases and glycosyltransferases. No other functions are mentioned.
- halogenation process which is characterized in that a chemical compound is halogenated in the presence of a halogenase, the halogenase being derived from the
- the enzyme can also advantageously be isolated from organisms of the genus Streptomyces, especially of the genus and species Streptomyces mediterranei.
- Electroduction 10 may also be mentioned as an advantageous variant of electroporation. It enables fast, direct DNA transfer from E. coli to Actinomycetes by electroporation using shuttle vectors (Muth, G., Brolle, DF, Wohlleben, W., 1999).
- the functional fragments are shortened by 5 to 30% against sequence 30 (a), preferably by 10 to 20%.
- sequences that are longer than sequence (a) are also conceivable.
- Sequences which hybridize under standard conditions with the sequences mentioned under (a) 35 and (b) are understood to mean sequences which, for example, at temperatures between 42 and 58 ° C. in an aqueous buffer solution with a concentration between 0.1 and 5xSSC ( IxSSC 0.15 M NaCl, 15 mM sodium citrate; pH 7.2) or additionally hybridize in the presence of 50% formamide such as 40 42 ° C. in 5xSSC and 50% formamide.
- nucleic acids are understood to mean, for example, DNA, cDNA, RNA or mRNA. Furthermore, the homologues of these nucleic acid sequences are also to be understood.
- R 4 and R 5 independently of one another are hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, nitro, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched C ⁇ -C ⁇ o-alkyl, C ⁇ -C ⁇ o alkoxy, C 2 -C ⁇ o alkenyl, C 2 -C ⁇ o-alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, aryl, hetaryl, R 6 R 7 N and where two radicals R 4 and R 5 together on adjacent carbon atoms together a further substituted or can form unsubstituted aromatic, saturated or partially saturated ring with 5 to 6 atoms in the ring, which may contain one or more heteroatoms such as 0, N or S;
- R 8 substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched C ⁇ -C ⁇ o-alkyl, C 2 -C ⁇ o-alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl;
- halogen-containing organic or inorganic compounds can be used as the halogen donor.
- inorganic compounds are preferred.
- Halogens are advantageously added to the reaction solution in the form of their salts.
- the alkali and / or alkaline earth metal salts of the halogens may be mentioned as examples.
- Substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched C 2 -C ⁇ alkenyl chains such as, for example, ethenyl, propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-methyl-propenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3 -Pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1-methyl-1-butenyl, 2-methyl-1-butenyl, 3-methyl-1-butenyl, 1-methyl-2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl -2-butenyl, l-methyl-3-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butenyl, 3-methyl-3-butenyl, 1, 1-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1, 2-dimethyl-l-propenyl, 1 , 2-Dirnethyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-1-propenyl, 1-ethyl-2-propenyl,
- alkenyloxy radicals are substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched C 2 -C ⁇ alkenyloxy chains, such as ethenyloxy, propenyloxy, 1-butenyloxy, 2-butenyloxy, 3-butenyloxy, 2-methylpropenyloxy, 1-pentenyloxy, 2-pentenyloxy, 3-pentenyloxy , 4-pentenyloxy, 1-methyl-1-butenyloxy, 2-methyl-1-butenyloxy, 3-methyl-1-butenyloxy, 1-methyl-2-butenyloxy, 2-methyl-2-butenyloxy, 3-methyl-2 - Butenyloxy, l-methyl-3-butenyloxy, 2-methyl-3-butenyloxy, 3-methyl-3-butenyloxy, 1, 1-dimethyl-2-propenyloxy, 1, 2-dimethyl-1-propenyloxy, 1, 2-dimethyl-2-propenyloxy, 1-ethyl-l-prop
- substituents of the said radicals of R 1 are in principle all possible substituents in question, do not hinder the Halogenaseretician, for example one or more substituents such as halogen such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, cyano, nitro, amino, Hydroxy, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxy, benzyloxy, phenyl or benzyl.
- substituents of the said radicals of R 1 are in principle all possible substituents in question, do not hinder the Halogenaseretician, for example one or more substituents such as halogen such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, cyano, nitro, amino, Hydroxy, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxy, benzyloxy, phenyl or benzyl.
- R 2 in the compounds of the formula I and II denotes hydrogen, hydroxyl, substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched C 1 -C 1 -alkyl, C 1 -C 1 -alkoxy, C 2 -C ⁇ o-alkenyl, C 2 -C ⁇ 0 -alkenoxy-, R 6 RN-;
- alkenyloxy radicals are substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched C 2 -C ⁇ o alkenyloxy chains, such as ethenyloxy, propenyloxy, 1-butenyloxy, 2-butenyloxy, 3-butenyloxy, 2-methylpropenyloxy, 1-pentenyloxy, 2-pentenyloxy, 3-pentenyloxy , 4-pentenyloxy, 1-methyl-1-butenyloxy, 2-methyl-1-butenyloxy, 3-methyl-1-butenyloxy, 1-methyl-2-butenyloxy, 2-methyl-2-butenyloxy, 3-methyl-2 - Butenyloxy, 1-methyl-3-butenyloxy, 2-methyl-3-butenyloxy, 3-methyl-3-butenyloxy, 1, l-dimethyl-2-propenyloxy, 1, 2-dimethyl-1-propenyloxy, 1, 2 -Dimethyl-2-propenyloxy, 1-ethyl-l
- R 3 in the compounds of the formula I and II denotes hydrogen, hydroxyl, substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched C 1 -C 1 -alkyl, C 1 -C 1 -alkoxy, C 2 -C ⁇ o-alkenyl, C 2 -C ⁇ o- Alkenyloxy, C ⁇ -C ⁇ o-alkylcarbonyl, C 2 -C ⁇ o-alkenylcarbonyl, aryl, hetaryl,
- alkoxy radicals are substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched C 1 -C 10 alkoxy chains such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, 1-methylethoxy, butoxy, 1-methylpropoxy, 2-methylpropoxy, 1, 1-dimethylethoxy, pentoxy, 1st -Methylbutoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, 3-methylbutoxy, 1, 1-dimethylpropoxy, 1, 2-dimethylpropoxy, 2, 2-dimethylpropoxy, 1-ethylpropoxy, hexoxy, 1-methylpentoxy, 2-methylpentoxy, 3-methylpentoxy, 4 -Methylpentoxy, 1, 1-dimethylbutoxy, 1, 2-dimethylbutoxy, 1, 3-dimethylbutoxy, 2, 2-dimethylbutoxy, 2, 3-dimethylbutoxy, 3, 3-dimethylbutoxy, 1-ethylbutoxy, 2-ethylbutoxy, 1 , 1, 2-Trimethylpropoxy, 1,2,2-trimethylpropoxy, 1-ethyl
- alkylcarbonyl radicals are branched or unbranched -CC-alkylcarbonyl chains, such as, for example, methylcarbonyl, ethylcarbonyl, n-propylcarbonyl, 1-methylethylcarbonyl, n-butylcarbonyl, 1-methylpropylcarbonyl, 2-methylpropylcarbonyl, 1,1-dimethylethylcarbonyl, n- Pentylcarbonyl, 1-methylbutylcarbonyl, 2-methylbutylcarbonyl, 3-methylbutylcarbonyl, 2, 2-dimethylpropylcarbonyl, 1-ethylpropylcarbonyl, n-hexylcarbonyl, 1, 1-dimethylpropyicarbonyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropylcarbonyl, 1-methylpentylcarbonyl, 2-methylpentylcarbonyl, 3-methylpentylcarbonyl, 4-methylpentylcarbonyl, 1, 1-dimethylbut
- Alkenylcarbonyl radicals are branched or unbranched C 2 -C 10 alkenyl chains, such as, for example, ethenylcarbonyl, propenylcarbonyl, 1-butenylcarbonyl, 2-butenylcarbonyl, 3-butenylcarbonyl, 2-methylpropenylcarbonyl, 1-pentenylcarbonyl, 2-pentenylcarbonyl, 3-pentenylcarbonyl, 4-pentenylcarbonyl Pentenylcarbonyl, 1-methyl-1-butenylcarbonyl, 2-methyl-1-butenylcarbonyl, 3-methyl-1-butenylcarbonyl, 1-methyl-2-butenylcarbonyl, 2-methyl-2-butenylcarbonyl, 3-methyl-2-butenylcarbonyl, l-methyl-3-butenylcarbonyl, 2-methyl-3-butenylcarbonyl, 3-methyl-3-butenylcarbonyl, 1, l-dimethyl-2-propen
- substituents of the said radicals of R 3 are in principle all possible substituents in question, do not hinder the Halogenaseretician, for example one or more substituents such as halogen such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, cyano, nitro, amino, Hydroxy, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxy, benzyloxy, phenyi or benzyl.
- substituents of the said radicals of R 3 are in principle all possible substituents in question, do not hinder the Halogenaseretician, for example one or more substituents such as halogen such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, cyano, nitro, amino, Hydroxy, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxy, benzyloxy, phenyi or benzyl.
- aryl radicals are phenyl, methoxyphenyl or naphthyl or aromatic rings or ring systems with 6 to 18 carbon atoms in the ring system and up to 24 further C atoms which can form further non-aromatic rings or ring systems with 3 to 8 C atoms in the ring understand, which may be substituted with one or more radicals such as halogen, such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, or other radicals.
- halogen such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine
- cyano cyano
- nitro, amino, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, or other radicals optionally substituted phenyl, methoxyphenyl and naphthyl are preferred.
- Hetaryl radicals are simple or condensed aromatic ring systems with one or more heteroaromatic 3- to 7-membered rings, which can contain one or more heteroatoms such as N, 0 or S, and optionally with one or more radicals such as halogen such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine , Cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, thio, alkyl, alkoxy or other aromatic or further saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings or ring systems may be substituted.
- halogen such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine
- Cyano nitro, amino, hydroxy, thio, alkyl, alkoxy or other aromatic or further saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic rings or ring systems may be substituted.
- R 4 and R 5 in the compounds of the formulas I and II independently of one another denote hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, nitro, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched C ⁇ -C ⁇ o-alkyl, C ⁇ -C ⁇ o-alkoxy- , C 2 ⁇ C ⁇ o-alkenyl, C 2 -C ⁇ o-alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C -C ⁇ o-cycloalkyl-, aryl, hetaryl, R ⁇ R 7 N- and where two radicals R 4 and R 5 on adjacent carbon atoms together can form a further substituted or unsubstituted aromatic, saturated or partially saturated ring with 5 to 6 atoms in the ring, which may contain one or more heteroatoms such as 0, N or S.
- Halogen means fluorine, bromine or chlorine, preferably chlorine.
- Substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched C 2 -C 10 alkenyl chains such as, for example, ethenyl, propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-methyl-propenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl may be used as alkenyl radicals , 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1-methyl-1-butenyl, 2-methyl-1-butenyl, 3-methyl-1-butenyl, 1-methyl-2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 3 -Methyl-2-butenyl, 1-methyl-3-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butenyl, 3-methyl-3-butenyl,
- alkoxy radicals are substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched C ⁇ -C ⁇ o-alkoxy chains such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, 1-methylethoxy, butoxy, 1-methylpropoxy, 2-methylpropoxy, 1, 1-dimethylethoxy, pentoxy, 1-methyl - butoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, 3-methylbutoxy, 1, 1-dimethylpropoxy,
- Substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched C 2 -C ⁇ alkenyloxy chains such as, for example, ethenyloxy, propenyloxy, 1-butenyloxy, 2-butenyloxy, 3-butenyloxy, 2-methylpropenyloxy, 1-pentenyloxy, 2-pentenyloxy, 3-pentenyloxy, may be used as alkenyloxy radicals , 4-pentenyloxy, 1-methyl-1-butenyloxy, 2-methyl-1-butenyloxy, 3-methyl-1-butenyloxy, 1-methyl-2-butenyloxy, 2-methyl-2-butenyloxy, 3-methyl-2 - Butenyloxy, l-methyl-3-butenyloxy, 2-methyl-3-butenyloxy, 3-methyl-3-butenyloxy, 1, l-dimethyl-2-propenyloxy, 1, 2-dimethyl-1-propenyloxy, 1, 2 -Dimethyl-2-prop
- Examples of substituted or unsubstituted branched or unbranched C 1 -C 8 cycloalkyl chains with 3 to 7 carbon atoms in the ring or ring system such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, 1-methylcyclopropyl, 1-ethylcyclopropyl, 1-propylcyclopropyl, 1-butylcyclopropyl, are examples of cycloalkyl radicals , 1-pentylcyclopropyl, 1-methyl-l-butylcyclo- propyl, 1, 2-dimethylcyclypropyl, l-methyl-2-ethylcyclopropyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl or cyclodecyl.
- the cycloalkyl radicals can also contain heteroatoms such as S, N and 0 in the ring.
- Aryl includes, for example, simple or condensed aromatic ring systems, which may not contain one or more radicals such as halogen, such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, thio, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, hetaryl or other saturated or unsaturated aromatic rings or ring systems may be substituted.
- halogen such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine
- cyano nitro, amino, hydroxy, thio, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, hetaryl or other saturated or unsaturated aromatic rings or ring systems may be substituted.
- phenyl, methoxyphenyl and naphthyl are preferred.
- substituents are suitable as substituents for the radicals mentioned of R 4 and R 5 , for example one or more substituents such as halogen such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkoxy, benzyloxy, Phenyi or benzyl.
- R 5 and R 7 in the substituent R 6 R 7 N - independently of one another are hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched C ⁇ -C ⁇ o-alkyl.
- Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, i-propyl or i-butyl are preferred.
- substituents which do not impede the halogenase reaction for example one or more substituents such as halogen, such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxyl, alkyl, are suitable as substituents for the radicals mentioned of R 6 and R 7 .
- R 8 in the substituent 0 denotes n
- R 8 C 0 - substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 2 -C 8 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl.
- alkyl radicals are substituted or unsubstituted branched or unbranched C ⁇ -C ⁇ o-alkyl chains such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl, n-butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1, 1-dimethylethyl, n-pentyl , 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2, 2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, 1, 1-dimethylpropyl, 1, 2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl , 4-methylpentyl, 1, 1-dimethylbutyl, 1, 2-dimethylbutyl, 1, 3-dimethylbutyl, 2, 2-dimethylbutyl, 2, 3-dimethylbutyl, 3, 3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethy
- Aryl includes, for example, simple or condensed aromatic ring systems, which may not contain one or more radicals such as halogen, such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, thio, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, hetaryl or other saturated or unsaturated aromatic rings or ring systems may be substituted.
- halogen such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine
- cyano nitro, amino, hydroxy, thio, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, hetaryl or other saturated or unsaturated aromatic rings or ring systems may be substituted.
- phenyl, methoxyphenyl and naphthyl are preferred.
- alkyl radicals are substituted or unsubstituted branched or unbranched -CC-alkyl chains such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl, n-butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1, 1-dimethylethyl, n-pentyl , 1-methylbutyl,
- Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, i-propyl or i-butyl are preferred.
- Substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched C 2 -C ⁇ alkenyl chains such as, for example, ethenyl, propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-methyl-propenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3 -Pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1-methyl-1-butenyl, 2-methyl-1-butenyl, 3-methyl-1-butenyl, 1-methyl-2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl -2-butenyl, 1-methyl-3-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butenyl, 3-methyl-3-butenyl, 1, l-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1, 2-dimethyl-l-propenyl
- Aryl includes, for example, simple or condensed aromatic ring systems, which may not contain one or more radicals such as halogen, such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, thio, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, hetaryl or other saturated or unsaturated aromatic rings or ring systems may be substituted.
- halogen such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine
- cyano nitro, amino, hydroxy, thio, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, hetaryl or other saturated or unsaturated aromatic rings or ring systems may be substituted.
- phenyl, methoxyphenyl and naphthyl are preferred.
- Hetaryl includes, for example, simple or fused aromatic ring systems with one or more heteroaromatic 3- to 7-membered rings, which can contain one or more heteroatoms such as N, 0 or S, and which may contain one or more radicals such as halogen, such as fluorine, chlorine or Bromine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxy, thio, alkyl, alkoxy or further aromatic or further saturated or unsaturated saturated non-aromatic rings or ring systems may be substituted.
- halogen such as fluorine, chlorine or Bromine
- cyano nitro, amino, hydroxy, thio, alkyl, alkoxy or further aromatic or further saturated or unsaturated saturated non-aromatic rings or ring systems may be substituted.
- substituents which do not impede the halogenase reaction, for example one or more substituents such as halogen, such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine, cyano, nitro, amino, hydroxyl, alkyl, are suitable as substituents for the radicals mentioned of R 8 and R 9 .
- halogen such as fluorine, chlorine or bromine
- cyano nitro, amino, hydroxyl, alkyl
- substituents for the radicals mentioned of R 8 and R 9 are suitable as substituents for the radicals mentioned of R 8 and R 9 .
- An organism which contains at least one gene for the halogenase described above can be used for the process according to the invention.
- a microorganism is preferably used.
- Halogenase containing organism or with a purified or purified enzyme Halogenase containing organism or with a purified or purified enzyme.
- halogen donor is advantageously added to the reaction.
- Halogen is preferably chlorine or bromine.
- Fluorine and iodine are less preferred because they can have a toxic effect, so that the activity of the organisms is hindered or even killed.
- the reaction is also possible with fluorine and iodine.
- the method according to the invention can grow or rest
- the organisms used for the halogenation are grown in a medium which enables the growth of these organisms, preferably microorganisms.
- This medium can be a synthetic or a natural, complex medium.
- media known to the person skilled in the art are used.
- the media used generally contain a carbon source, a nitrogen source, inorganic salts and possibly small amounts of vitamins and trace elements.
- Advantageous nitrogen sources are organic or inorganic nitrogen compounds or materials that contain these compounds.
- ammonium salts such as NHC1 or (NH) 2 S0 4 , nitrates, urea, or complex nitrogen sources such as corn steep liquor, beer yeast autolysate, soybean meal, wheat gluten, yeast extract, meat extract, casein hydrolyzate, yeast or potato protein, which can often also serve as a carbon source at the same time.
- inorganic salts are the salts of calcium, magnesium, sodium, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese, potassium, zinc, copper and iron.
- the chloride, sulfate and phosphate ions are particularly worth mentioning as the anion of these salts.
- growth factors are added to the nutrient medium, such as vitamins or growth promoters such as biotin, riboflavin, thiamine, folic acid, nicotinic acid, pantothenate or pyridoxine, amino acids such as alanine, cysteine, proline, aspartic acid, glutamine, serine, phenylalanine, ornithine or
- carboxylic acids such as citric acid, formic acid, pimelic acid or lactic acid, or substances such as dithiothreitol.
- the mixing ratio of the nutrients mentioned depends on the organism and the type of fermentation and is determined in each individual case.
- the medium components can all be introduced at the beginning of the fermentation, after they have been sterilized separately if necessary or sterilized together, or else they can be added continuously or discontinuously during the fermentation as required.
- the breeding conditions are determined in such a way that the organisms grow optimally and that the best possible yields are achieved.
- Preferred cultivation temperatures are 15 ° C to 40 ° C. Temperatures between 25 ° C and 37 ° C are particularly advantageous.
- the pH is preferably held in a range from 3 to 9. PH values between 5 and 8 are particularly advantageous.
- an incubation period of a few hours to a few days, preferably from 8 hours to 21 days, particularly preferably from 4 hours to 14 days, is sufficient.
- the maximum amount of product in the medium accumulates within this time.
- the person skilled in the art can learn, for example, how media can be optimized advantageously from the textbook Applied Microbial Physiology, "A Practical Approach (Eds.
- the process according to the invention can be carried out continuously or batchwise in a batch or fed-batch manner.
- the pH can be regulated or not regulated during the fermentation.
- the fermentation takes place at a pH between 5 and 9, preferably 6 and 9.
- glycopeptide antibiotics An analysis method for glycopeptide antibiotics is Nadkarni et al. (J. Antibiotics 1994: 334-341).
- the process according to the invention is carried out with free enzymes (crude extract or purified enzyme), it is advantageously possible to work in a further temperature range.
- This temperature range is determined on the one hand by the reaction rate, that is, very low temperatures lead to a slow reaction rate, on the other hand it is determined by the temperature resistance of the enzyme, that is, high temperatures lead to denaturation of the enzyme.
- a temperature range between 5 and 80 ° C, preferably from 10 to 60 ° C, particularly preferably from 20 to 40 ° C is advantageous.
- Dormant cells are also suitable for the process, and if appropriate, like the enzymes, can also be advantageously immobilized.
- the cell membranes are destabilized so that the educts and the product can reach the reaction site (enzyme) more easily.
- the destabilization can take place, for example, using various alkali or alkaline earth metal salts such as lithium, rubidium or calcium salts or by treatment with solvents.
- the halogenases or halogenase genes used in the process according to the invention belong to the NADH-dependent halogenases, which differ from the haloperoxidases due to their regio- and / or stereoselectivity.
- the preferred halogenase from Amycolatopsis mediterranei has 491 amino acids (SEQ ID NO: 2).
- Her gene was named bhaA.
- the enzyme has a NADH / FAD binding site.
- ß & ß-fold sequence motif which is probably involved in the ADP binding of FAD and NAD-dependent enzymes.
- An Asp residue is conserved at position 304 of the protein, which may enable FAD binding.
- bhaA may also bind FAD.
- Advantageous regulatory sequences for the method according to the invention are, for example, in promoters such as cos, tac, trp, tet, trp-tet, lpp, lac, lpp-lac, lad 1 --- T7, T5, Contain T3, gal, trc, ara, SP6, ⁇ -P R - or in the ⁇ -P L promoter, which are advantageously used in gram-negative bacteria.
- promoters such as cos, tac, trp, tet, trp-tet, lpp, lac, lpp-lac, lad 1 --- T7, T5, Contain T3, gal, trc, ara, SP6, ⁇ -P R - or in the ⁇ -P L promoter, which are advantageously used in gram-negative bacteria.
- the substrate specificity can be increased and / or changed in the desired direction by means of various mutagenesis methods, for example site directed mutagenesis, error prone PCR and / or gene shuffling.
- balhimycin biosynthetic gene cluster Different gene inactivation experiments clearly showed that different genes of the cluster on 16.1, such as genes for glycosyltransferases and cytochrome P450-dependent mono-oxygenases, are involved in balhimycin biosynthesis. This was proof of the identification of the balhimycin biosynthetic gene cluster.
- the gene has an ATG start codon and a TGA stop codon.
- a streptomycete-typical promoter could not be found in this sequence.
- the gene is defined by the start and stop codons highlighted in bold).
- the gene replacement mutant PH3 (see FIG. 5, generation of the gene replacement mutant PH3) was generated, which was used exclusively for the production of the in-frame deletion mutant PH4 (see FIG. 6, generation of the in-frame deletion mutant PH4) (see 3, construction of plasmids for gene exchange and "in frame” deletion of the balhimycin halogenase gene bhaA, + FIG. 4, construction of plasmids for gene exchange and "in frame” deletion of the balhimycin halogenase gene bhaA).
- the starting plasmid for the necessary vector constructions was a pVC18 derivative (pVC18B3.0), which carries the 3088 bp BamHI fragment on which, inter alia, the bhaA gene is localized (see FIG. 3, construction of plasmids for gene exchange and "in frame" deletion of the balhimycin halogenase gene bhaA). All DNA isolations, restriction cleavages and cloning were, unless otherwise described, as described by Sambrook, J., Fritsch, ⁇ .F. and Maniatis, F., 1989, Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
- the primers had the following sequence:
- both inserts were cloned as EcoRI / Sphl fragment in the vector pSPl (Pelzer et al., 1997), which is non-replicative and can be used for gene inactivation in the balhimycin producer, so that the plasmids pPH4 (deletion construct) and pPH3 ( Gene replacement construct) arose (Fig. 4).
- the gene replacement mutant PH3 was created.
- the balhimycin producer was transformed with the plasmid pPH3 using the "direct transformation" (Pelzer et al., 1997).
- the gene replacement mutant PH3 could be identified by suitable selection (chloramphenicol resistance and erythro mycin sensitivity, FIG. 5) and verified by Southern hybridizations (Sambrook, see above).
- This gene replacement mutant PH3 was then transformed with the deletion plasmid pPH4.
- the primary selection was initially based on an integration of the entire vector via homologous recombination (chloramphenicol resistance and erythromycin resistance, FIG. 6).
- the selection pressure for vector elimination was then removed by homologous recombination. Chloramphenicol-sensitive and erythromycin-sensitive colonies were found. Southern hybridizations verified the mutant PH4 as the correct in-frame deletion mutant in the bhaA gene.
- the product range of the clone pH4 corresponded to that of the wild type.
- unglycosylated compounds (Verb. 7 ⁇ , 8 ⁇ , 9 ⁇ ) were detected in the culture filtrates of this mutant and were not detected in the wild-type product range. 7 shows the structure of the balhimycin.
- Table 1 Product spectrum of the wild-type and mutant compounds identified with KPLC-ES-MS. The non-chlorinated biosynthesis products are labeled " ⁇ ".
- Fig. 8 ES mass spectra of dechlorobalhimycin (mutant PH4) and balhimycin (wild type).
- the characteristic isotope patterns prove the inactivation of the halogenase BhaA.
- Line spectra correspond to the theoretically expected isotope distributions. Optimized purification
- the filtered culture supernatants were shaken out three times with the volume of the culture filtrate with ethyl acetate. Before application to the XADl ⁇ column, the culture supernatants were again filtered through a porcelain frit (filter G3) and eluted with the step gradient shown in Table 2. The fractions were examined for the content of crude peptide with HPLC-MS, the solvent was removed in vacuo and freeze-dried.
- the ES-MS spectra were recorded on an API-III triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (Sciex, Thornhill, Canada). Unless otherwise noted, the samples were dissolved in ACN / H 2 0 (1: 1, 0.1% formic acid) and the spectra recorded in positive ion mode. The sample was fed using a microbore pump (140A Solvent Delivery System, ABI, Rothstadt) with a flow rate after split of 5 ⁇ l / min. A UV detector (Linear UWIS 204, Linear Instruments, Reno, Nevada) was used for detection. 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (solvent A) and acetonitrile with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (solvent B) served as the mobile phase. The separations were carried out on an analytical column (Nucleosil RP-C18, 5 ⁇ m, 2 x 100 mm, Grom,dorfberg). Dechlorobalhimycin
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19926770A DE19926770A1 (de) | 1999-06-11 | 1999-06-11 | Nukleinsäurefragment und Vektor, enthaltend eine Halogenase, sowie ein Verfahren zur Halogenierung chemischer Verbindungen |
| DE19926770 | 1999-06-11 | ||
| PCT/EP2000/004568 WO2000077182A1 (de) | 1999-06-11 | 2000-05-19 | Nukleinsäurefragment und vektor, enthaltend eine halogenase, sowie ein verfahren zur halogenierung chemischer verbindungen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1185629A1 true EP1185629A1 (de) | 2002-03-13 |
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ID=7910991
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00929542A Withdrawn EP1185629A1 (de) | 1999-06-11 | 2000-05-19 | Nukleinsäurefragment und vektor, enthaltend eine halogenase, sowie ein verfahren zur halogenierung chemischer verbindungen |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6566110B1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1185629A1 (de) |
| JP (2) | JP2003502034A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1370229A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU776205B2 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2376446A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE19926770A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2000077182A1 (de) |
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| JP3793812B2 (ja) * | 2002-08-12 | 2006-07-05 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 低温での組み換えタンパク質の発現に適した新規発現ベクター |
| JP3944577B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-21 | 2007-07-11 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Rhodococcus属細菌における組換えタンパク質を生産する方法 |
| ITPD20050164A1 (it) | 2005-05-30 | 2006-11-30 | Fidia Farmaceutici | Processo per la preparazione e l'isolamento di fosfatidi |
| ATE553190T1 (de) * | 2006-02-22 | 2012-04-15 | Brain Biotechnology Res & Information Network Ag | Neue halogenase |
| CN103695384A (zh) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-02 | 武汉大学 | 一种催化碳-氟和碳-氯键形成的卤化酶 |
| CN108728390B (zh) * | 2017-04-19 | 2021-04-09 | 上海医药工业研究院 | 一种生产a82846b的基因工程菌及其制备方法和应用 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2930087A1 (de) | 1979-07-25 | 1981-02-26 | Biotechnolog Forschung Gmbh | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen enzymatischen umwandlung von wasserloeslichen alpha -ketocarbonsaeuren in die entsprechenden alpha -hydroxycarbonsaeuren |
| DE2930070A1 (de) | 1979-07-25 | 1981-02-19 | Biotechnolog Forschung Gmbh | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen enzymatischen umwandlung von wasserloeslichen alpha -ketocarbonsaeuren in die entsprechenden aminosaeuren |
| DE3307094A1 (de) | 1983-03-01 | 1984-09-06 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen enzymatischen umwandlung von (alpha)-hydroxycarbonsaeuren in entsprechende optisch aktive (alpha)-aminocarbonsaeuren |
| DK162399C (da) | 1986-01-28 | 1992-03-23 | Danisco | Fremgangsmaade til ekspression af gener i baelgplanteceller, dna-fragment, rekombineret dna-fragment samt plasmid til brug ved udoevelsen af fremgangsmaaden |
| DE3631228A1 (de) | 1986-09-13 | 1988-03-24 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur durchfuehrung enzymatischer oxidationen |
| NZ228320A (en) | 1988-03-29 | 1991-06-25 | Du Pont | Nucleic acid promoter fragments of the promoter region homologous to the em gene of wheat, dna constructs therefrom and plants thereof |
| DE68922546T2 (de) * | 1988-08-16 | 1995-11-09 | Otsuka Pharma Co Ltd | Gen-Regulationskassetten, Expressionsvektoren, die diese enthalten und Mikroorganismen, die mit diesen transformiert sind. |
| EP0388186A1 (de) | 1989-03-17 | 1990-09-19 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Externe Regulierung der Genexpression |
| IN171883B (de) | 1990-07-27 | 1993-01-30 | Hoechst India | |
| TW213468B (de) | 1991-06-29 | 1993-09-21 | Hoechst Ag | |
| PT637339E (pt) | 1992-04-13 | 2002-03-28 | Syngenta Ltd | Construcoes de adn e plantas que as incorporam |
| DE4226102A1 (de) | 1992-08-07 | 1994-02-10 | Hoechst Ag | Glycopeptid-Derivate, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
-
1999
- 1999-06-11 DE DE19926770A patent/DE19926770A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-10-29 US US09/429,610 patent/US6566110B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-05-19 WO PCT/EP2000/004568 patent/WO2000077182A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2000-05-19 CN CN00811689A patent/CN1370229A/zh active Pending
- 2000-05-19 CA CA002376446A patent/CA2376446A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-05-19 EP EP00929542A patent/EP1185629A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-05-19 JP JP2001503627A patent/JP2003502034A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-05-19 AU AU47581/00A patent/AU776205B2/en not_active Ceased
-
2002
- 2002-04-05 US US10/116,175 patent/US6794170B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-09-12 JP JP2005263159A patent/JP2006075168A/ja active Pending
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| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0077182A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6794170B2 (en) | 2004-09-21 |
| US20030096335A1 (en) | 2003-05-22 |
| AU776205B2 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
| WO2000077182A9 (de) | 2002-09-12 |
| JP2003502034A (ja) | 2003-01-21 |
| CA2376446A1 (en) | 2000-12-21 |
| AU4758100A (en) | 2001-01-02 |
| JP2006075168A (ja) | 2006-03-23 |
| CN1370229A (zh) | 2002-09-18 |
| DE19926770A1 (de) | 2000-12-14 |
| WO2000077182A1 (de) | 2000-12-21 |
| US6566110B1 (en) | 2003-05-20 |
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