EP1157401A1 - Selbsterholende strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit flüssigmetall - Google Patents
Selbsterholende strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit flüssigmetallInfo
- Publication number
- EP1157401A1 EP1157401A1 EP00910699A EP00910699A EP1157401A1 EP 1157401 A1 EP1157401 A1 EP 1157401A1 EP 00910699 A EP00910699 A EP 00910699A EP 00910699 A EP00910699 A EP 00910699A EP 1157401 A1 EP1157401 A1 EP 1157401A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- current limiting
- limiting device
- shells
- self
- recovering current
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H87/00—Protective devices in which a current flowing through a liquid or solid is interrupted by the evaporation of the liquid or by the melting and evaporation of the solid when the current becomes excessive, the circuit continuity being reestablished on cooling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a self-recovering current limiting device with liquid metal, which contains electrodes made of solid metal for connection to an external circuit to be protected and several compressor rooms which are partially filled with liquid metal and are located one behind the other between the electrodes and which are formed by pressure-resistant insulating bodies and insulating partition walls held by them with connecting channels
- Such a single-pole self-recovering current limiting device is known from the publication SU 922 911 A, which contains two electrodes made of solid metal, which are separated by first insulating bodies designed as pressure-resistant insulating housings. Inside the insulating housing, insulated intermediate walls and second insulating bodies arranged between them, which are designed as ring-shaped sealing disks, form compressor chambers which are partially filled with liquid metal and which are connected to one another via eccentrically arranged connecting channels of the intermediate walls filled with liquid metal. In normal operation, there is therefore a continuous internal conductive connection between the electrodes via the liquid metal. In the current limiting case, the liquid metal is displaced from the connecting channels due to the high current density.
- the electrical connection of the electrodes via the liquid metal is thus interrupted, which leads to the limitation of the short-circuit current.
- the connection channels fill again with liquid metal, whereupon the current limiting device is ready for operation again.
- the partition walls have to withstand the pressure rise when liquid metal evaporates and are made of high-quality ceramic material with a high temperature resistance and a high resistance to arcing when compared to arcing.
- a current limiting device with only one compressor chamber is described and vacuum, protective gas or an insulating liquid is mentioned as the medium above the liquid level.
- the connecting channels of adjacent intermediate walls are arranged offset from one another.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of significantly simplifying and reducing the cost of constructing a current limiting device.
- the current limitation can be easily and quickly installed with little different parts of high functional integration. direction created without disadvantages for the properties of use. To implement a series of current limiting devices with different scaled nominal current ranges, it is sufficient to provide these few parts with their dimensions scaled accordingly.
- the current limiting device is suitable for two positions of use pivoted essentially by 180 ° relative to one another.
- the frictional connection of the two half-shells is done by known means, for example screw connections or or and clips.
- a further embodiment of the invention consists in the structural combination of several poles belonging to a circuit, the seal along the joint surfaces of the half-shells simultaneously performing the seal between the poles.
- a multi-pole current limiting device takes up a significantly smaller construction volume and requires less installation effort.
- sealing material between the half-shells.
- sealing bodies which are expediently to be inserted in hollow profiles provided for this purpose in the joining surfaces, and / or and a sealing layer which is to be applied, for example by gluing, to at least one of the joining surfaces, are proposed.
- GalnSn alloys as the liquid metal to be used are easy to handle due to their physiological harmlessness.
- An alloy of 660 parts by weight gallium, 205 parts by weight indium and 135 parts by weight tin is liquid at normal pressure from 10 ° C to 2000 ° C and has sufficient electrical conductivity.
- Another advantageous embodiment of the invention consists on the one hand in that the half-shells in the region of the connecting channels have bushings made of insulating material which is resistant to high temperatures and erosion and, moreover, consist of a material of lower quality, for example a cast ceramic.
- the half-shells - with the exception of the bushings - are advantageously made of an inexpensive molding material which, on the whole, must meet the pressure conditions which occur in the limitation case and, moreover, the lower temperature requirements which occur outside the vicinity of the connecting channels.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in the fact that the half-shells consist of a temperature-resistant and erosion-resistant non-ceramic material.
- Mica in particular is an inexpensive and light material that can be machined, for example by means of machining processes, and has sufficient resistance to high temperatures and to the effects of arcing.
- the half-shells can also be produced inexpensively, especially in large quantities, from a high-temperature-resistant molding material or from a glass ceramic that is easy to shape and process.
- An advantageous method for equipping such a current limiting device consists in inserting the electrodes and a number of contiguous and thus easy-to-use parts of the frozen liquid metal into the recesses provided for this purpose in the lower half-shell.
- Such a frozen part consists of a number of bars, which is the number correspond to the compression spaces of the respective pole and a corresponding number of webs which connect the bars one behind the other.
- the part is inserted with its bars into the compression half-spaces formed by the relevant half-shell and with its webs into the half connecting channels formed by this half-shell.
- the current limiting device is then completed by closely joining the two half-shells.
- the height of the frozen bars essentially corresponds to the later fill level of the molten liquid metal at the use temperature. Inlet openings in the insulating body for the liquid metal and outlet openings for gases to be displaced are not required.
- An advantageous method for equipping the current limiting device according to the invention generally consists in that the liquid metal in the form of frozen and thus easy-to-handle, non-contiguous bars are inserted into the compression half-spaces formed by the lower half-shell.
- the current limiting device is then completed by closely joining the two half-shells.
- the height of the frozen ingot is decisive for the later level of the molten liquid metal. Inlet and outlet openings in the insulating body are not necessary here either.
- the two half-shells are expediently to be connected under vacuum or a protective gas.
- the vacuum or the protective gas forms the medium above the liquid level.
- the outer envelope of the current limiting device 1 is one
- Insulating body formed from two identical half-shells 2 and 3, which are to be connected at their joining surfaces 4 and 5.
- the joining surfaces 4, 5 run in the central plane of the fully assembled current limiting device 1.
- Shells 2 and 3 are made of a molded material that can withstand the pressure that occurs in the event of a short circuit, but does not have to meet the high requirements for the conditions that arise in the event of a short circuit due to the high temperatures and arcing that occur.
- the half-shells 2 and 3 each have two parallel dividing half-walls 6 and 7 which run perpendicular to the joining surfaces 4 and 5 and in the interior of the connected half-shells electrically separate three parallel poles 8, 9 and 10 from one another.
- Each pole 8 to 10 is assigned two recesses 11 and 12 in the interior of the half-shells 2 and 3.
- Half of the cutouts 11 and 12 of the lower half-shell 2 receive T-shaped electrodes 13 and 14 made of copper (shown in FIG. 1 only for the middle pole 9).
- the other half of the electrodes 13, 14 is received by the corresponding recesses 11, 12 of the upper half-shell 3.
- the electrodes 13 and 14 each consist of a parallelepiped-shaped cross leg 15 and a central leg 16 projecting perpendicularly therefrom, which in each case forms the connecting conductor for the outer circuit to be protected, reaching outwards from the assembled half-shells 2 and 3.
- the transverse legs 15 extend perpendicular to the joining surfaces 4, 5 and to the dividing half-walls 6, 7.
- the middle legs 16 extend parallel to the joining surfaces 4, 5 and in continuation of the poles 8, 9, 10.
- each half-shell 2 or 3 extends in the middle pole 9 between the partition walls 6 and 7 that laterally delimit it, and in the pole 8 on the right between the side boundary wall 6 and the opposite half side wall 21 and in the pole on the left 10 between the laterally delimiting partition 7 and the opposite half side wall 22 each have an odd number of intermediate half-walls 23 and 24.
- the intermediate half-walls 23 and 24 result from the bottom wall 18 below lower half-shell 2 to the top wall 19 of the upper half-shell 3 extending intermediate walls 25.
- each pole 8, 9, 10 is one by the electrodes 13 and 14 and the adjacent intermediate wall 25 and two adjacent intermediate walls 25 successive row of compressor spaces 26 are formed, each composed of a lower compressor half space 27 located in the lower half shell 2 and an upper compressor half space 28 located in the upper half shell 3.
- Each half-shell 2 and 3, including the intermediate half-walls 23 and 24, is formed in one piece.
- the intermediate half-walls 23 and 24 each have two semicircular, stepped recesses 31 and 32, which are open in the plane of the respective joining surface 4 and 5, respectively.
- Correspondingly shaped bushings 33 made of non-conductive material are to be inserted into the recesses 31 of the lower half-shell 2 (shown in FIG. 1 only in the middle pole 9 and in the foremost intermediate half wall 23 of the right-hand pole 8, for the remaining part of the pole 8 only in Projection indicated over the associated recesses 31).
- the corresponding recesses 32 of the intermediate half-walls 24 of the upper half-shell 3 also surround the bushes.
- the bushes 33 have a central through bore, with which there are connecting channels 34 between adjacent compressor spaces 26.
- the sockets 33 consist of a high-temperature-resistant ceramic material which meets the extreme requirements against arcing influences in the event of a short circuit.
- the sockets 33 of adjacent intermediate walls 25 are arranged offset from one another.
- the center plane of the current limiting device 1 simultaneously forms the common center plane of all the connecting channels 34 and runs between the joining surfaces 4 and 5.
- Ingots 35 made of frozen liquid metal are inserted into the compression half-spaces 27 of the lower half-shell 2 equipped so far (only shown for the central pole 9 in FIG. 1).
- the bars 35 are held flush by the partition walls 23 and the partition walls 6 and side walls 21, 22.
- the height of the bars 35 extends beyond the level of the joining surface 2 to such an extent that after the current limiting elements have been assembled, direction 1, the melting liquid metal fills the connecting channels 34 and with its liquid level exceeds them with a sufficient distance. If the half-shells 2 and 3 are joined together under a protective gas atmosphere, this protective gas then forms the medium above the liquid level.
- open grooves 41 are inserted into the joining surfaces, into which insulating sealing bodies (not shown in FIG. 1) are to be inserted.
- An insulating sealing layer (likewise not shown in FIG. 1) is glued onto the joining surface 4 or 5 and 5.
- the number of intermediate half-walls 23 and 24 results in an even number of compressor half-spaces 27 and 28, which in turn allows the identical design of both half-shells 2 and 3.
- the current limiting device 1 can be operated in two positions of use, the second position of use resulting from the first position of use by pivoting 180 ° about the longitudinal axis running through the central pole 9.
- the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but also encompasses all embodiments having the same effect in the sense of the invention.
- the half-shells 2 and 3 can also be assembled without solidified liquid metal previously divided into bars, only in this case are closable filling openings for the liquid metal to be subsequently filled in and, if necessary, provide closable outlet openings for escaping gas.
- the half-shells are made of a temperature-resistant and erosion-resistant material, half of the connecting channels can be formed directly from the intermediate half-walls, so that contiguous frozen parts made of liquid metal per pole can be inserted during assembly.
- the current limiting device according to the invention can also be designed with more or less than three poles.
Landscapes
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Compressor (AREA)
- Fuses (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19909558A DE19909558C1 (de) | 1999-03-05 | 1999-03-05 | Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit Flüssigmetall |
DE19909558 | 1999-03-05 | ||
PCT/EP2000/001512 WO2000054298A1 (de) | 1999-03-05 | 2000-02-24 | Selbsterholende strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit flüssigmetall |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1157401A1 true EP1157401A1 (de) | 2001-11-28 |
EP1157401B1 EP1157401B1 (de) | 2003-11-19 |
Family
ID=7899726
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00910699A Expired - Lifetime EP1157401B1 (de) | 1999-03-05 | 2000-02-24 | Selbsterholende strombegrenzungseinrichtung mit flüssigmetall |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6621401B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1157401B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE254801T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19909558C1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000054298A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10360103B4 (de) * | 2003-12-20 | 2006-03-02 | Moeller Gmbh | Anordnung und Montageverfahren einer Strombegrenzungsvorrichtung |
DE602005011021D1 (de) * | 2004-08-30 | 2008-12-24 | Kyushu Inst Of Technology Kita | Selbst-regenerierende strombegrenzungssicherung unter verwendung einer dielektrophoretischen kraft |
WO2009055763A2 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2009-04-30 | Kowalik Daniel P | Micro-fluidic bubble fuse |
JP5050265B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-09 | 2012-10-17 | 国立大学法人九州工業大学 | 自己回復性限流ヒューズ |
US8953314B1 (en) * | 2010-08-09 | 2015-02-10 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Passive heat sink for dynamic thermal management of hot spots |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1595061A (en) * | 1922-10-17 | 1926-08-03 | Valerius Johann | Electric cut-out |
US3249722A (en) * | 1963-09-24 | 1966-05-03 | Jr John E Lindberg | Electrical relay employing liquid metal in a capillary tube that is wet by the liquid metal |
US3331937A (en) * | 1965-03-01 | 1967-07-18 | Gen Electric | Liquid metal switch |
US3381248A (en) * | 1965-10-23 | 1968-04-30 | Harold P. Furth | Magnetic pressure liquid circuit breaker |
US3389360A (en) * | 1967-04-19 | 1968-06-18 | Gen Electric | Change of state current limiter having flat plate construction |
US3389359A (en) * | 1967-04-19 | 1968-06-18 | Gen Electric | Change of state current limiter devices with stacked segment construction |
US3699489A (en) * | 1970-03-28 | 1972-10-17 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co | Current limiting device |
US3838373A (en) * | 1970-12-25 | 1974-09-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Self-recovering current limiter |
DE2652506A1 (de) * | 1976-11-18 | 1978-05-24 | Gec Elliott Automation Ltd | Elektrische hochstromvorrichtungen |
GB2036443B (en) * | 1978-11-21 | 1983-04-13 | Gec Elliott Automation Ltd | Liquidi-metal switch |
SU922911A1 (ru) * | 1980-05-05 | 1982-04-23 | Kb Polt Inst Kujbysheva | Токоограничитель 1 |
SU1045296A2 (ru) * | 1980-12-30 | 1983-09-30 | Предприятие П/Я В-8574 | Переключатель |
US4429295A (en) * | 1981-11-13 | 1984-01-31 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Variable impedance current limiting device |
SU1076981A1 (ru) * | 1982-07-29 | 1984-02-29 | Куйбышевский ордена Трудового Красного Знамени политехнический институт им.В.В.Куйбышева | Токоограничитель |
US4510356A (en) * | 1983-09-30 | 1985-04-09 | Malm John A | Liquid metal switch apparatus |
DD282778A5 (de) * | 1989-04-26 | 1990-09-19 | Karl Marx Stadt Tech Hochschul | Stromgesteuerte abschaltvorrichtung |
US5581192A (en) * | 1994-12-06 | 1996-12-03 | Eaton Corporation | Conductive liquid compositions and electrical circuit protection devices comprising conductive liquid compositions |
US5471185A (en) * | 1994-12-06 | 1995-11-28 | Eaton Corporation | Electrical circuit protection devices comprising conductive liquid compositions |
DE19903776B4 (de) * | 1999-02-01 | 2004-02-12 | Moeller Gmbh | Selbsterholende Strombegrenzungseinrichtung |
-
1999
- 1999-03-05 DE DE19909558A patent/DE19909558C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-02-24 EP EP00910699A patent/EP1157401B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-24 WO PCT/EP2000/001512 patent/WO2000054298A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-02-24 US US09/914,983 patent/US6621401B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-24 DE DE50004494T patent/DE50004494D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-24 AT AT00910699T patent/ATE254801T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0054298A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19909558C1 (de) | 2000-05-25 |
US6621401B1 (en) | 2003-09-16 |
EP1157401B1 (de) | 2003-11-19 |
WO2000054298A1 (de) | 2000-09-14 |
ATE254801T1 (de) | 2003-12-15 |
DE50004494D1 (de) | 2003-12-24 |
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