EP1151150B1 - Cathode graphite pour l'electrolyse de l'aluminium - Google Patents
Cathode graphite pour l'electrolyse de l'aluminium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1151150B1 EP1151150B1 EP00901691A EP00901691A EP1151150B1 EP 1151150 B1 EP1151150 B1 EP 1151150B1 EP 00901691 A EP00901691 A EP 00901691A EP 00901691 A EP00901691 A EP 00901691A EP 1151150 B1 EP1151150 B1 EP 1151150B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- end regions
- cathodes
- central region
- graphite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a graphite cathode for aluminum electrolysis.
- an electrolytic cell In the electrolytic process used in most factories aluminum production, an electrolytic cell includes, in a box metallic sheathed with refractories, a cathode sole composed of several cathode blocks juxtaposed. This set constitutes the crucible which, rendered sealed by pot lining, is the seat of transformation, under the action of electric current, of the aluminum electrolytic bath. This reaction takes place at a temperature generally above 950 ° C.
- the graphitization treatment of the graphite cathode increases the electrical and thermal conductivities, thus creating sufficient conditions for optimized operation of a electrolysis tank.
- Energy consumption decreases due to decline the electrical resistance of the cathode.
- Another way to take advantage of this decrease in electrical resistance consists in increasing the intensity of the current injected into the tank, allowing an increase in production aluminum.
- the high value of thermal conductivity of the cathode allows the evacuation of the excess heat generated by the increase intensity.
- graphite cathode vessels appear less electrically unstable, i.e. with less fluctuation in electrical potentials, than carbon cathode tanks.
- the single figure of the attached schematic drawing shows a block cathode 3, with the cathode bars of current supply 2, the initial profile is designated by the reference 4.
- the erosion profile 5, represented in dotted, shows that this erosion is accentuated at the ends of the block cathode.
- Document FR 2 117 960 describes a cathode for the preparation aluminum by electrolysis.
- This cathode is made from several semi-graphitic carbon blocks, with different resistivities each other.
- This complex structure due to the juxtaposition of blocks with the electrical discontinuity which it involves, is justified not by a reduced erosion, since cathodes of this type are not sensitive erosion, but by a decrease in the swelling of the sole in the area Central.
- the document FR 2 351 192 describes, in a device for production of aluminum, a cathode assembly comprising a bar cathodic and a carbon block separated by a heterogeneous interface allowing to vary over the length of the cathode assembly, the contact resistance between the cathode bar and the carbon block.
- the erosion rate of a graphite cathode block is, by Consequently, its weak point, and its economic attractiveness in terms of gain of production may disappear if the service life cannot be increased.
- the problem is therefore to reduce erosion of cathodes by graphite, in particular in the end zones thereof.
- the object of the invention is to provide a graphite cathode whose service life is increased by limiting the erosion that occurs at ends.
- the cathode in graphite is in one piece and its electrical resistivity is heterogeneous along its longitudinal axis, this resistivity being higher in the zones cathode end than in the central area of the cathode, the difference resistivity in the end zones and in the central zone of the cathode being obtained by a different heat treatment in these different zones during the graphitization operation, the end zones being at one temperature lower than that of the central zone.
- the average resistivity of the product will remain compatible with a optimized operation of the electrolysis tank.
- the highest resistivity in the cathode end zones channels the current lines to the center of the tank. Because of this, the high current densities usually recorded to the output of the cathode bars are attenuated, inhibiting thus the erosion mechanism in these areas. The life of the tank is therefore increased.
- the cathode end areas can be considered as located between approximately 0 and 800 mm from each end.
- the cathode end zones are brought to a temperature of the order from 2,200-2,500 ° C, while the central zone is brought to a temperature of the order of 2,700 to 3,000 ° C.
- the difference of heat treatment in the end zones and in the central zone of the cathode is obtained by limiting the thermal insulation of the graphitization furnace and / or by having thermal drains in the end zones of the cathodes, to increase heat losses.
- the difference in treatment thermal in the end zones and in the central zone of the cathode is obtained by creating, during the graphitization operation, modifications local current lines and, therefore, the resulting Joule effect.
- the difference of heat treatment between the end zones and the central zone is obtained by modulating the resistivity of the resistor grain between two cathodes and / or by having thermal drains in the end zones.
- FIGS 2 to 4 show an Acheson type oven 6, in which a number of cathodes 3 are arranged parallel to each other others, in several rows, with interposition between the different cathodes of a resistor grain 7.
- This resistor grain can be constituted, for example by carbon or coke granules.
- the assembly is arranged inside a heat-insulating grain 8. Electric energy is injected inside the oven, to perform the graphitization operation, the heating resulting from the effect Joule.
- the streamlines are perpendicular to the axis of the cathodes 3.
- the resistivity of the resistor grain is higher in the zones 9 corresponding to the end zones of the cathodes 3, that that of this grain resistor in zone 10 corresponding to the central part cathodes. It is also possible to reduce the thickness of the grain insulation 8 in the end areas of the cathodes, to promote the phenomenon of limitation of the graphitization temperature in these areas end by heat loss.
- FIG. 5 represents a longitudinal oven 11 in which several cathodes 3 are arranged end to end, with interposition between two cathodes adjacent to a graphitization joint 12.
- the graphitization joints are as weak as possible to avoid unwanted heating at the junction between the cathodes.
- heat losses materialized by arrows are created in the end zones of the cathodes, by providing a smaller thickness of insulation 8, and / or the presence of thermal drains which can be made of graphite and positioned perpendicular to the cathodes, facing the areas to be cooled.
- the invention provides a great improvement to the existing technique by providing a cathode of traditional structure, and obtained by known means, having a higher resistivity in its end zones than in its central zone, thus reducing the current density in the cathode at its ends, and increase resistance to erosion in these areas end.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Description
- soit un mélange de brai, d'anthracite calciné et/ou de graphite dans le cas des matériaux semi-graphitiques et graphitiques. Ces matériaux sont ensuite cuits à environ 1 200°C. La cathode graphitique ne contient pas d'anthracite. La cathode fabriquée à partir de ces matériaux est communément appelée cathode carbone,
- soit un mélange de brai, de coke avec ou sans graphite dans le cas des graphites. Dans ce cas les matériaux sont cuits à environ 800°C, puis graphitisés à plus de 2 400°C. Cette cathode est appelée cathode graphite.
Cathode | vitesse d'usure (mm/an) |
Carbone, semi-graphitique | 10-20 |
Carbone, graphitique | 20-40 |
graphite | 40-80 |
Claims (5)
- Cathode graphite pour électrolyse de l'aluminium dont la résistance à l'érosion est améliorée, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est monobloc et en ce que sa résistivité électrique est hétérogène le long de son axe longitudinal, cette résistivité étant plus élevée dans les zones d'extrémité de la cathode (3) que dans la zone centrale de celle-ci, la différence de résistivité dans les zones d'extrémité et dans la zone centrale de la cathode (3) étant obtenue par un traitement thermique différent dans ces différentes zones lors de l'opération de graphitisation, les zones d'extrémité étant à une température inférieure à celle de la zone centrale.
- Cathode graphite selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'au cours de l'opération de graphitisation, les zones d'extrémité de la cathode (3) sont portées à une température de l'ordre de 2 200-2 500°C, tandis que la zone centrale est portée à une température de l'ordre de 2 700 à 3 000°C.
- Procédé de fabrication d'une cathode graphite selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à réaliser une différence de traitement thermique dans les zones d'extrémité et dans la zone centrale de la cathode (3) en limitant le calorifugeage (8) du four de graphitisation (11) et/ou en disposant des drains thermiques en regard des zones d'extrémité des cathodes, pour augmenter les déperditions thermiques.
- Procédé de fabrication d'une cathode graphite selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à réaliser la différence de traitement thermique dans les zones d'extrémité et dans la zone centrale de la cathode (3) en créant, lors de l'opération de graphitisation, des modifications locales des lignes de courant et, par suite, de l'effet Joule qui en résulte.
- Procédé de fabrication d'une cathode graphite selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que, dans le cas où l'opération de graphitisation est réalisée simultanément pour plusieurs cathodes (3) disposées parallèlement les unes aux autres à l'intérieur d'un four (6), par exemple de type Acheson, dans lequel les cathodes (3) sont séparées les unes des autres par un garnissage de grain résister (7), par exemple des granulés de carbone ou de coke, la différence de traitement thermique entre les zones d'extrémité et la zone centrale de la cathode (3) est obtenue en modulant la résistivité électrique du grain résistor entre deux cathodes et/ou en disposant des drains thermiques, en regard des zones d'extrémité.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9901320 | 1999-02-02 | ||
FR9901320A FR2789091B1 (fr) | 1999-02-02 | 1999-02-02 | Cathode graphite pour l'electrolyse de l'aluminium |
PCT/FR2000/000232 WO2000046426A1 (fr) | 1999-02-02 | 2000-02-01 | Cathode graphite pour l'electrolyse de l'aluminium |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1151150A1 EP1151150A1 (fr) | 2001-11-07 |
EP1151150B1 true EP1151150B1 (fr) | 2004-05-19 |
Family
ID=9541620
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00901691A Expired - Lifetime EP1151150B1 (fr) | 1999-02-02 | 2000-02-01 | Cathode graphite pour l'electrolyse de l'aluminium |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6627062B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1151150B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2002538293A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1272471C (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE267277T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU776902B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR0007917A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2361610C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60010861T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2218108T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2789091B1 (fr) |
IS (1) | IS2480B (fr) |
MX (1) | MXPA01007830A (fr) |
NO (1) | NO20013775L (fr) |
PL (1) | PL195085B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2245395C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2000046426A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA200106312B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10164009B4 (de) * | 2001-12-28 | 2005-04-07 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kathodenblöcken |
DE10164008C1 (de) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-04-30 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Graphitierte Kathodenblöcke |
DE10164013C1 (de) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-04-03 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Verfahren zum Graphitieren von Kathodenblöcken |
DE10164012C1 (de) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-04-30 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Graphitierung |
DE10164011C1 (de) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-05-08 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Verfahren zum Graphitieren von Kathodenblöcken |
DE10164014C1 (de) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-05-22 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Verfahren zum Graphitieren von Kathodenblöcken |
DE10164010C1 (de) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-04-30 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kathodenblöcken |
DE10261745B3 (de) * | 2002-12-30 | 2004-07-22 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Kathodensystem zur elektrolytischen Aluminiumgewinnung |
FR2861090B1 (fr) * | 2003-10-17 | 2005-12-23 | Sgl Carbone Ag | Cathode pour l'electrolyse de l'aluminium, son procede de fabrication et utilisation de celle-ci |
RU2443623C1 (ru) * | 2010-10-14 | 2012-02-27 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Институт новых углеродных материалов и технологий" (ЗАО "ИНУМиТ") | Способ получения графитированного материала с повышенной абразивной стойкостью |
CN102234820B (zh) * | 2011-08-04 | 2013-03-20 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | 一种减少铝电解槽铝液水平电流的方法 |
EP2650404B1 (fr) * | 2012-04-12 | 2018-01-10 | SGL CFL CE GmbH | Cellule d'électrolyse, en particulier pour la production d'aluminium |
CN110184627B (zh) * | 2019-05-10 | 2020-11-06 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | 一种铝电解用定向导磁阴极钢棒 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1029122A (en) | 1910-02-10 | 1912-06-11 | Electrode Company Of America | Graphitizing electrodes. |
CA968744A (en) | 1970-12-12 | 1975-06-03 | Kurt Lauer | Cathode for the winning of aluminum |
DE2105247C3 (de) | 1971-02-04 | 1980-06-12 | Schweizerische Aluminium Ag, Zuerich (Schweiz) | Ofen für die Schmelzflußelektrolyse von Aluminium |
CH620948A5 (fr) * | 1976-05-13 | 1980-12-31 | Alusuisse | |
DE3327230A1 (de) | 1983-07-28 | 1985-02-07 | Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh, 8901 Meitingen | Auskleidung fuer elektrolysewanne zur herstellung von aluminium |
-
1999
- 1999-02-02 FR FR9901320A patent/FR2789091B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-02-01 JP JP2000597482A patent/JP2002538293A/ja active Pending
- 2000-02-01 WO PCT/FR2000/000232 patent/WO2000046426A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2000-02-01 DE DE60010861T patent/DE60010861T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-01 AT AT00901691T patent/ATE267277T1/de active
- 2000-02-01 CA CA002361610A patent/CA2361610C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-02-01 US US09/890,606 patent/US6627062B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-02-01 RU RU2001124341/02A patent/RU2245395C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-02-01 MX MXPA01007830A patent/MXPA01007830A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-02-01 ES ES00901691T patent/ES2218108T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-01 AU AU23012/00A patent/AU776902B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-02-01 EP EP00901691A patent/EP1151150B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-01 BR BR0007917-0A patent/BR0007917A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-02-01 PL PL00350236A patent/PL195085B1/pl unknown
- 2000-02-01 CN CNB008045909A patent/CN1272471C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-07-27 IS IS6026A patent/IS2480B/is unknown
- 2001-07-31 ZA ZA200106312A patent/ZA200106312B/xx unknown
- 2001-08-01 NO NO20013775A patent/NO20013775L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2301200A (en) | 2000-08-25 |
DE60010861D1 (de) | 2004-06-24 |
NO20013775D0 (no) | 2001-08-01 |
CN1342219A (zh) | 2002-03-27 |
CN1272471C (zh) | 2006-08-30 |
BR0007917A (pt) | 2001-11-27 |
IS6026A (is) | 2001-07-27 |
ATE267277T1 (de) | 2004-06-15 |
MXPA01007830A (es) | 2003-06-04 |
JP2002538293A (ja) | 2002-11-12 |
ES2218108T3 (es) | 2004-11-16 |
FR2789091B1 (fr) | 2001-03-09 |
ZA200106312B (en) | 2003-02-26 |
DE60010861T2 (de) | 2004-11-04 |
FR2789091A1 (fr) | 2000-08-04 |
CA2361610A1 (fr) | 2000-08-10 |
EP1151150A1 (fr) | 2001-11-07 |
RU2245395C2 (ru) | 2005-01-27 |
PL350236A1 (en) | 2002-11-18 |
PL195085B1 (pl) | 2007-08-31 |
WO2000046426A1 (fr) | 2000-08-10 |
IS2480B (is) | 2008-12-15 |
US6627062B1 (en) | 2003-09-30 |
NO20013775L (no) | 2001-09-28 |
CA2361610C (fr) | 2004-07-06 |
AU776902B2 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
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