WO2012172196A1 - Cuve d'électrolyse destinée à être utilisée pour produire de l'aluminium - Google Patents
Cuve d'électrolyse destinée à être utilisée pour produire de l'aluminium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012172196A1 WO2012172196A1 PCT/FR2012/000243 FR2012000243W WO2012172196A1 WO 2012172196 A1 WO2012172196 A1 WO 2012172196A1 FR 2012000243 W FR2012000243 W FR 2012000243W WO 2012172196 A1 WO2012172196 A1 WO 2012172196A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrolytic cell
- box
- tank
- cathode
- conduction means
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/16—Electric current supply devices, e.g. bus bars
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic cell used for the production of aluminum.
- Aluminum is produced industrially from alumina by electrolysis according to the Hall-Héroult process.
- an electrolytic cell composed in particular of a steel casing, a refractory lining, and a cathode based on cathodic blocks made of carbonaceous material, connected to conductors for conveying. electrolysis current.
- the electrolytic cell also contains an electrolytic bath consisting in particular of cryolite in which is dissolved alumina.
- the Hall-Héroult process consists in partially immersing a carbon block constituting the anode in this electrolytic bath, the anode being consumed as and when the reaction progresses.
- Actuating means are generally provided for lowering the anode into the electrolytic cell as it is consumed.
- a layer of liquid aluminum evacuated by suction or siphoning At the bottom of the electrolytic cell is formed a layer of liquid aluminum evacuated by suction or siphoning.
- the production of aluminum by the Hall-Héroult process is carried out by maintaining a certain thermal equilibrium in the electrolytic cell. Thermal equilibrium is allowed by the compensation of the heat loss of the tank by that produced in the tank (essentially from the electrolysis current).
- the electrolytic cell is generally shaped so as to allow the formation of a solidified cryolite slope at its lateral internal walls. This slope protects the materials lining the internal side walls of the tank from corrosion by liquid aluminum and the electrolytic bath.
- the present invention aims to overcome all or part of the disadvantages mentioned above by providing an electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum providing better thermal insulation.
- the subject of the present invention is an electrolytic cell, intended to be used to produce aluminum by electrolysis, comprising:
- the electrical conduction means pass through the side wall of the box at a height between an upper face of the cathode and the upper edge of the side wall of the box.
- the present invention provides an electrolytic cell having improved thermal insulation. Thermal losses are reduced compared to known electrolysis tanks. The heat losses of the electrolytic cell according to the invention are also controlled so as to allow the formation of the slope to protect the materials of the side walls of the tank. In fact, a heat flow exits for this purpose at the level of the liquids contained in the box.
- the cathode is more particularly formed of cathode blocks, in particular of carbonaceous material.
- the cathode blocks comprise at least one recess in their lower part and an electrical conduction means is disposed partly inside the recess. A good physical and electrical connection is made in the recess between the cathode block and the electrical conduction means using cast iron.
- the electrical conduction means pass through the side wall of the box at an area between the lower level and the upper level of an electrolytic bath.
- the electrical conduction means pass through the side wall of the box at the level of the lower level of the electrolytic bath, that is to say at the interface of the electrolytic bath and an aluminum sheet.
- the electrical conduction means comprise a first part in contact with the cathode, and a second part connected to the first part and extending from the bottom to the top of the chamber. inside the box.
- the second part is substantially vertical.
- the electrical conduction means comprise at least one end connected to the second part and extending through the side wall of the box.
- the end is substantially horizontal.
- the first part in contact with the cathode is steel or steel and copper.
- the electrical conduction means are made of steel, copper or steel and copper.
- At least part of the second part of the electrical conduction means is made of copper.
- At least part of the end is copper.
- the electrical conduction means comprise a bar.
- the electrical conduction means comprise a plate.
- plate any element of which one dimension (the thickness) is negligible compared to the other two, in particular to increase the heat exchange surface and / or reduce the bulk.
- At least part of the second part of the electrical conduction means is a plate.
- the plate extends laterally beyond the first part.
- the plate is electrically connected to at least two first parts.
- the plate is connected to a different number of first parts and ends.
- the plate extends from below upwards beyond the end.
- the second part is electrically insulated from the materials lining the inside of the box. According to another characteristic of the electrolytic cell according to the invention, the second part is electrically insulated from the materials lining the inside of the box with concrete.
- the box is lined internally with blocks of refractory materials.
- the box comprises a thermal insulator placed between the second part of the electrical conduction means and the side wall of the box.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an electrolysis cell belonging to the state of the art
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a known electrolytic cell indicating the main outgoing thermal flows
- FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of an electrolytic cell according to a particular embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of conduction means of the electrolysis current belonging to the state of the art
- FIGS. 5 and 6 are perspective views of conduction means of the electrolysis current used in an electrolysis cell according to a particular embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an electrolytic cell according to a particular embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows an electrolytic cell 1 for the production of aluminum from alumina.
- the electrolysis tank 1 comprises a metal box 2.
- the metal box 2 may be steel. It has a bottom wall 2a and side walls 2b. Box 2 contains an electrolytic bath. During the reaction, a sheet 13 of liquid aluminum is formed.
- the electrolytic bath and the liquid aluminum ply 13 are liquids inherent to aluminum production by electrolysis.
- the casing 2 comprises blocks 3, 4, in particular filling a thermal insulation function, and filling the inside of the metal casing 2.
- the blocks 3, 4 may comprise for example refractory bricks and / or carbon blocks.
- the blocks 4 are placed inside the box against the upper part of the side wall 2b of the box 2.
- the blocks 3 cover the bottom wall 2a of the box 2.
- the vessel 1 also comprises a plurality of anodes 5.
- the anodes 5 consist of carbon blocks. They can be connected to rods 6 by connecting members 7, generally called multipodes which include studs anchored in the anodes 5.
- the rods 6 are connected to a carrier structure 9.
- the anodes 5 are intended to be immersed in the electrolytic bath.
- the electrolytic bath 8 comprises in particular cryolite and alumina.
- the anodes 5 are consumed as the progress of the electrolysis reaction forming the aluminum and the actuating means of the rods 6 allow them to move in translation relative to the carrier structure 9 so as to lower the anodes 5 as they are consumed in the tank 1.
- a blanket 12 of alumina and milled bath generally covers the electrolytic bath 8 and at least partially the anodes 5.
- a frozen cryolite slope 14 is formed on the edges of the vessel 1. This slope 14 protects the blocks 4 of the etching of the electrolytic bath 8 and the sheet 13 of liquid aluminum.
- the vessel 1 further comprises a cathode 10.
- the cathode 10 may comprise a plurality of cathode blocks of carbonaceous material.
- the cathode 10 is connected in its lower part to electrical conduction means of the electrolysis current formed in particular of one or more conductors 1 1. More particularly, each cathode block comprises at least one recess in its lower part inside. of which is disposed an electrical conduction means. A good physical and electrical connection is made in the recess between the cathode block and the electrical conduction means using cast iron.
- the conductor 1 1 passes through the box 2 at orifices provided on the box and provided for this purpose. The conductor 1 1 collects the electric current at the cathode to allow its routing from one electrolysis cell to another.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a known conductor 11 which can be connected to the cathode 10.
- Figure 2 schematically shows a known electrolysis tank 1.
- the conductor 1 1 passes through the box 2 substantially at the lower part of the cathode 10, near the bottom 2a of the box 2.
- the conductor 1 1 in contact with the hot cathode 10 tends to cause heat loss out of the tank 1 on the sides of the tank near the bottom 2a of the box.
- the heat flux leaving the resulting tank is shown in FIG. 2.
- an outgoing heat flow 16 is desired at the upper part of the side walls 2b of the box 2.
- the heat flow between the liquids contained in the tank 1 and the side wall 2b of the box 2 promotes the slope formation.14.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows an electrolytic cell 1 according to a particular embodiment of the invention.
- the tank 1 corresponding to this embodiment essentially differs from the tanks 1 of the prior art in that it comprises a conductor 11 having one or more ends 11a passing through the box 2 at the height of the liquids contained in the tank 1 of electrolysis.
- the conductor 1 1 rises close to the liquids contained in the caisson 2.
- the difference in temperature between the liquids contained in the caisson 2 and that of the ends 1 1a of the conductor 1 1 results in a thermal flow out at the liquid level. This flow allows the formation of the slope 14 protecting the side materials of the tank.
- the heat flux 15, initially causing thermal losses on the sides 2b of the tank near the bottom 2a of the tank via the electrical conductors 1 1 is removed in a tank according to the invention so that the heat dissipated out of the tank is reduced. Also, the thermal losses via the outlet of the box of the conductors 11 are advantageously used so as to regulate the slope 14.
- the conductor 11 rises inside the block 4 up to the level of the liquids contained in the box 2, the height of which the end 1 1a passes through the box 2.
- the end 1 1a passes through the side wall 2b of the box up to an area between the upper face of the cathode 10 and the upper edge of the side wall 2b of the box 2.
- the end 1 1a can pass through the side wall 2b of the box up to an area between the lower level and the upper level of the electrolytic bath 8.
- the end 11a passes through the lateral wall 2b of the box 2 at the level of the lower level of the electrolytic bath.
- the driver 1 1 is a bar. It may also consist wholly or partly in the form of a conductive plate, that is to say with a small thickness, more particularly between 1 and 5 cm, and a width at least 3 times greater than this thickness.
- the conductor 11 of FIG. 5 comprises a first substantially horizontal portion 1 1b, connected to the cathode 10, terminated at one end at less by a second portion 1 1 c substantially vertical, going up inside the blocks 4 lining the inside of the box 2.
- a substantially horizontal end 1 1a which passes through the caisson.
- the end 1 1 a may itself be connected to conductive elements for routing the current to the next tank.
- the conductor 1 1 is steel, or copper, or steel and copper. According to a particular embodiment of the present invention, the conductor 1 1 has a first part 1 1 b steel or steel and copper corresponding more particularly to that connected to the cathode 10, and another part 1 1 c, 1 1 a copper corresponding to the portion of the conductor 1 1 extending out of the cathode 10.
- a tank generally comprises a plurality of cathode blocks arranged transversely in the tank 1 to form the cathode 10. These cathode blocks each comprise a recess or two parallel recesses in their lower part inside which are arranged conductors January 1.
- FIG. 6 shows a conductor particularly adapted to equip such a cathode block and comprising two first parts 1 1 b connected to the same second part 1 1 c in the form of a plate and having two ends 1 1 a.
- plates relative to bars lies in a saving of space for their arrangement in the box and their arrangement with the materials lining the interior of the box. Furthermore, plates offer a greater heat exchange surface and therefore a better distribution of thermal flows in the tank with a better controlled heat dissipation for the regulation of the formation of the slope 14.
- Such a plate 1 1 c may also extend laterally beyond the first portions 1 1 b or vertically above the ends 1 1 a.
- the same plate 1 1 c can be electrically connected to a larger number of first parts 1 1 b, including 2 to 20 first parts 1 1 b.
- the number of end 1 1 connected to the plate may also be different from the number of first parts 1 1 b connected and the driver 1 1 of Figure 6 could for example comprise a single end 1 1 a.
- the second part 1 1 c may also have the form of a plate.
- the second part 1 1 c of the driver makes it possible to concentrate the heat flow emitted by the liquids contained in the tank at the edges of the tank to bring it to the outside so that the heat flux in the materials lining the inside of the box 2 is decreased. This has the advantage that these materials heat less and degrade less. Also, as the outflow on the side wall 2b of the box 2 is concentrated by the driver 1 1 and the end 1 1a, the side wall 2b has a more homogeneous and colder temperature so that the risk of hot spots on the side wall 2b of the box 2 are decreased.
- the casing 2 may comprise a thermal insulator 17 placed between the conductor 1 1 and the side wall 2b of the casing 2. This thermal insulator 17 may be placed against the inner surface of the side wall 2b of the casing 2.
- FIG. 7 shows an example 1 of electrolysis tank 1 according to a particular embodiment of the invention equipped with a thermal insulator 17. The thermal insulation 17 may also extend vertically above the end (s) 11a.
- the heat flux passing through the cathode 10 is decreased with a conductor 1 1 according to the invention with respect to the use of a conductor of the prior art with which a significant amount of heat is removed by the bottom by the This has the advantage of reducing the risk of cooling the cathode 10 resulting in an accumulation of debris on the cathode 10 and an increase in the electrical resistance between the conductor 1 1 and the anode 5.
- the second parts 1 1 1 c of the conductor 1 1 are electrically insulated from the materials lining the inside of the box 2 so as to limit or avoid the risks of current lines in the liquids contained in the tank 1 between the anodes and the edges of the tank 1. This insulation is advantageously carried out by means of concrete.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2839246A CA2839246A1 (fr) | 2011-06-16 | 2012-06-14 | Cuve d'electrolyse destinee a etre utilisee pour produire de l'aluminium |
CN201280027976.7A CN103608489B (zh) | 2011-06-16 | 2012-06-14 | 用于制备铝的电解槽 |
RU2014101177A RU2636421C2 (ru) | 2011-06-16 | 2012-06-14 | Электролизер, предназначенный для применения в производстве алюминия |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1101847A FR2976593B1 (fr) | 2011-06-16 | 2011-06-16 | Cuve d'electrolyse destinee a etre utilisee pour produire de l'aluminium |
FR11/01847 | 2011-06-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012172196A1 true WO2012172196A1 (fr) | 2012-12-20 |
Family
ID=46545413
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2012/000243 WO2012172196A1 (fr) | 2011-06-16 | 2012-06-14 | Cuve d'électrolyse destinée à être utilisée pour produire de l'aluminium |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN103608489B (fr) |
AR (1) | AR086952A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2839246A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2976593B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2636421C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2012172196A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105316703A (zh) * | 2014-07-22 | 2016-02-10 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | 保温型铝电解槽内衬结构 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB667133A (en) * | 1948-09-02 | 1952-02-27 | Alais & Froges & Camarque Cie | Improvements in or relating to molten-metal electrolysis cells |
FR1350296A (fr) * | 1962-03-05 | 1964-01-24 | Elektrokemisk As | Dispositif pour l'alimentation en courant de cuves pour la production d'aluminium par fusion électrolytique et four muni d'un dispositif conforme au précédent |
FR1536837A (fr) * | 1967-09-15 | 1968-08-16 | Huta Aluminium | Système de câblage électrique vertical dans les cuves électrolytiques de fabrication de l'aluminium |
DE3151419C1 (de) * | 1981-12-22 | 1983-08-25 | Schweizerische Aluminium AG, 3965 Chippis | Kathodenseitiger Stromanschluß für eine Schmelzflußelektrolysezelle zur Herstellung von Aluminium |
US6231745B1 (en) * | 1999-10-13 | 2001-05-15 | Alcoa Inc. | Cathode collector bar |
US6251237B1 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 2001-06-26 | Aluminium Pechiney | Electrolytic pot for production of aluminum using the Hall-Héroult process comprising cooling means |
US20030173214A1 (en) * | 2000-02-25 | 2003-09-18 | Drago Juric | Electrolytic reduction cell and collector bar |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU1260412A1 (ru) * | 1984-12-21 | 1986-09-30 | Красноярский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Цветных Металлов Им.М.И.Калинина | Катодна секци алюминиевого электролизера |
FR2868435B1 (fr) * | 2004-04-02 | 2006-05-26 | Aluminium Pechiney Soc Par Act | Element cathodique pour l'equipement d'une cellule d'electrolyse destinee a la production d'aluminium |
RU2348743C2 (ru) * | 2007-03-15 | 2009-03-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Русская инжиниринговая компания" | Катодный токоведущий стержень алюминиевого электролизера |
-
2011
- 2011-06-16 FR FR1101847A patent/FR2976593B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-06-14 RU RU2014101177A patent/RU2636421C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-06-14 WO PCT/FR2012/000243 patent/WO2012172196A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2012-06-14 CA CA2839246A patent/CA2839246A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2012-06-14 CN CN201280027976.7A patent/CN103608489B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-06-15 AR ARP120102136 patent/AR086952A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB667133A (en) * | 1948-09-02 | 1952-02-27 | Alais & Froges & Camarque Cie | Improvements in or relating to molten-metal electrolysis cells |
FR1350296A (fr) * | 1962-03-05 | 1964-01-24 | Elektrokemisk As | Dispositif pour l'alimentation en courant de cuves pour la production d'aluminium par fusion électrolytique et four muni d'un dispositif conforme au précédent |
FR1536837A (fr) * | 1967-09-15 | 1968-08-16 | Huta Aluminium | Système de câblage électrique vertical dans les cuves électrolytiques de fabrication de l'aluminium |
DE3151419C1 (de) * | 1981-12-22 | 1983-08-25 | Schweizerische Aluminium AG, 3965 Chippis | Kathodenseitiger Stromanschluß für eine Schmelzflußelektrolysezelle zur Herstellung von Aluminium |
US6251237B1 (en) | 1998-04-16 | 2001-06-26 | Aluminium Pechiney | Electrolytic pot for production of aluminum using the Hall-Héroult process comprising cooling means |
US6231745B1 (en) * | 1999-10-13 | 2001-05-15 | Alcoa Inc. | Cathode collector bar |
US20030173214A1 (en) * | 2000-02-25 | 2003-09-18 | Drago Juric | Electrolytic reduction cell and collector bar |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2636421C2 (ru) | 2017-11-23 |
CN103608489B (zh) | 2016-01-27 |
FR2976593A1 (fr) | 2012-12-21 |
CA2839246A1 (fr) | 2012-12-20 |
AR086952A1 (es) | 2014-02-05 |
CN103608489A (zh) | 2014-02-26 |
RU2014101177A (ru) | 2015-07-27 |
FR2976593B1 (fr) | 2014-09-05 |
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