EP1141191A1 - Phosphat-compounds - Google Patents
Phosphat-compoundsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1141191A1 EP1141191A1 EP99963522A EP99963522A EP1141191A1 EP 1141191 A1 EP1141191 A1 EP 1141191A1 EP 99963522 A EP99963522 A EP 99963522A EP 99963522 A EP99963522 A EP 99963522A EP 1141191 A1 EP1141191 A1 EP 1141191A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- phosphate
- compounds
- agents
- contain
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/06—Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
- C11D17/065—High-density particulate detergent compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
- C11D17/0065—Solid detergents containing builders
- C11D17/0073—Tablets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to phosphate compounds which are suitable for incorporation into detergent tablets, and to detergent tablets which contain such compounds. A manufacturing process for such phosphate compounds is also specified.
- Alkali phosphates are generally suitable as phosphorus-containing builders for detergents and cleaning agents.
- trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, disodium dihydrogen diphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, so-called sodium hexametaphosphate, oligomeric trisodium phosphate with degrees of oligomerization in the range from 5 to 1000, in particular 5 to 50, and mixtures of sodium and potassium salts are used. The most common of these is pentasodium triphosphate.
- STP pentasodium triphosphate
- German Offenlegungsschrift DE 29 13 145 describes a continuous process for the preparation of a detergent granulate in which anhydrous pentasodium triphosphate with a high phase II content is sprayed with a substoichiometric amount of water in a continuous mixer. After a residence time, the phosphate is mixed in a second mixer with sodium silicate and optionally sodium carbonate and granulated with the addition of water again and then in one steam-saturated atmosphere 5 to 15 min before the product is cooled.
- Patent specification DE 32 49 902 describes a continuous process in which pentasodium triphosphate is mixed with at least a stoichiometric amount of water and then left in a closed container until the degree of hydration has reached at least 70%. Finally, the particles are dried to a water content of less than 5% by weight that can be split off at 50 ° C.
- a granular composition which contains a hydrate-forming phosphate, preferably pentasodium triphosphate, 0.1-23% by weight of water and 2 to 125 ppm of surfactant is described in European patent EP-B-259 291.
- This granulate is produced, for example, in a mixer in which an aqueous solution of the surfactant is added to the phosphate.
- Essential to the invention is the surfactant content, which leads to the fact that the proportion of free water to hydrate water in the product shifts in favor of the hydrate water.
- the degree of preservation of the pentasodium triphosphate with this process is between 84 and 94% of the phosphate content. Such a low degree of phosphate retention and the associated high pyrophosphate content leads to undesirably severe glass corrosion when using such granules when washing dishes.
- phosphate compounds that contain little pyrophosphate, i.e. have a high degree of phosphate retention, and are present as agglomerates, are outstandingly suitable for incorporation into shaped articles of detergents and cleaning agents and even improve the dissolving behavior of these shaped articles.
- a first subject of the invention are phosphate compounds for use in detergents or cleaning agents which contain at least 50% by weight.
- pentasodium triphosphate which is present in crystalline form anhydrous or as hexahydrate, is of particular interest as a builder in detergents and cleaning agents and should accordingly be present as the main constituent in the compounds according to the invention.
- STP content is at least 50% by weight, preferably more than 70% by weight and particularly preferably even more than 80% by weight of the total compounds.
- the content of the compounds in other phosphates should be low.
- the proportion of these phosphates is expressed via the degree of conservation of the pentasodium triphosphate in the compound (STP degree of conservation). It is preferably at least 95%, particularly preferably even at least 97%.
- a high pyrophosphate content leads to an undesirable increase in glass corrosion when such compounds are used in dishwashing detergents.
- Such disadvantages are avoided by the compounds according to the invention which contain less than 5% by weight of sodium pyrophosphate, it being preferred if the sodium pyrophosphate content is even below 3% by weight or even lower.
- the compound contains a proportion of water that can be a maximum of 18% by weight. However, preferred compounds contain a maximum of 15% by weight of water, with a maximum water content of 13% by weight also being preferred. If particularly phosphate-rich compounds are to be produced, a water content of at most 11% by weight may even be preferred. Most of the water is present in the compounds as hydrate water.
- the pentasodium triphosphate hexahydrate content is preferably between 20 and 70% by weight of the total pentasodium triphosphate content.
- the free water content of the compounds, ie water not bound as hydrate water, should be as low as possible. It is preferably at most 5% by weight, with free water contents of at most 3% by weight being particularly preferred. In a special, preferred embodiment, the free water content should even be below 1.5% by weight. The free water is released below 100 ° C and can therefore be determined at this temperature.
- the compounds can contain further ingredients of washing and / or cleaning agents. These can preferably be substances which have cobuilder properties.
- Polycarboxylates, in particular polymeric polycarboxylates, and phosphonates are primarily to be mentioned here.
- Suitable polymeric polycarboxylates are, for example, the sodium salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a relative molecular weight of 500 to 70,000 g / mol.
- the molar masses given for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molar masses M w of the particular acid form, which were basically determined by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), a UV detector being used. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship to the polymers investigated. This information differs significantly from the molecular weight information for which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard.
- Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates which have molar masses from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, can in turn be preferred from this group. Also suitable are copolymeric polycarboxylates, in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid.
- Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable.
- Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids, is generally 2,000 to 70,000 g / mol, preferably 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.
- Such polymeric polycarboxylates are preferably contained in the compounds since they are not only effective as cobuilders but can also serve as agglomeration aids.
- the (co-) polymer content of the compounds Polycarboxylates is preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular 3 to 15% by weight.
- the polymers can also contain allylsulfonic acids, such as, for example, in EP-B-727448 allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid, as a monomer.
- allylsulfonic acids such as, for example, in EP-B-727448 allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid
- biodegradable polymers composed of more than two different monomer units, for example those which, according to DE-A-43 00772, are salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid as well as vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives or according to DE-C-4221 381 contain as monomers salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives.
- copolymers are those which are described in German patent applications DE-A-43 03 320 and DE-A-44 17 734 and preferably contain acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate as monomers.
- Hydroxyalkane and aminoalkane phosphonates in particular can be contained as phosphonates.
- hydroxyalkane phosphonates 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP) is of particular importance as a cobuilder. It is preferably used as the sodium salt, the disodium salt reacting neutrally and the tetrasodium salt in an alkaline manner (pH 9).
- Preferred aminoalkane phosphonates are ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate (EDTMP), diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher homologs. They are preferably in the form of the neutral sodium salts, e.g. B.
- HEDP is preferably used as a builder from the class of the phosphonates, and is accordingly also preferably contained in the compounds if these compounds are designed as builder compounds, ie are suitable as predominant or sole builders in detergents or cleaning agents.
- the aminoalkanephosphonates have a significantly lower calcium binding capacity than HEDP, but are used for bleach stabilization due to their heavy metal binding capacity. Accordingly, especially when the compounds are to be used together with bleach, it may also be preferred to contain aminoalkanephosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned.
- the total phosphonate content of the compounds is preferably 0.3 to 20% by weight. Even if the compounds are designed as builder compounds, it is preferred that these compounds contain no silicates, in particular no sodium silicates, or insoluble aluminosilicates. Accordingly, the compounds are primarily suitable for use in agents that contain phosphate as the main builder. If further inorganic builders are to be contained in the compositions, these are preferably introduced separately from the phosphate compounds. Other ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents, in particular surfactants, can also be present in the compounds, although they are preferably only present in small amounts or not at all. In particular, the nonionic surfactants frequently used as granulation aids are preferably not contained in the compounds.
- the average particle size of the agglomerates is preferably in the range from 0.2 to 1.0 mm, in particular in the range from 0.3 to 0.8 mm.
- the average diameter of the primary particles is less than the average particle size of the agglomerates by a factor of 5, preferably even by a factor of 10. Due to this special structure, the compounds themselves are easily and quickly soluble.
- the compounds usually have a bulk density in the range 600 to 1000 g / l, the bulk density of the compounds preferably being between 700 and 900 g / l. This particular form of compound also places special demands on a manufacturing process for such compounds.
- a second object of the invention is accordingly a process for the preparation of such phosphate compounds, which is characterized in that anhydrous, powdered pentasodium triphosphate in a high-speed mixer with 12 to 28 wt .-% water, based on the pentasodium triphosphate, and optionally other ingredients of washing - and / or cleaning agents is agglomerated and the agglomerate is then immediately dried in a fluid bed dryer at a product temperature below 50 ° C. to a free water content of below 5% by weight.
- Powdery, anhydrous pentasodium triphosphate (STP) is understood to mean commercially available pentasodium triphosphate grades which can contain a maximum of 1% by weight of moisture.
- phase I which is metastable at room temperature
- phase II which is stable at room temperature.
- Phase I absorbs water much faster than phase II. Due to the heat released during the hydration process, pentasodium triphosphate may heat up so much during this process that the triphosphate decomposes. Because this degradation is undesirable, most STP hydration procedures require a certain Phase I to Phase II ratio to avoid overheating. As a rule, phase II must predominantly exist so that decomposition of the STP can be prevented during the hydration.
- the present process is largely independent of the proportion of the two phases, it can be carried out with any ratio of phase I to phase II. If particularly high degrees of triphosphate maintenance are to be achieved, it is certainly also advantageous in this process if more than 50% by weight of the phosphate is present as phase II.
- the phosphate powder is placed in a high-speed mixer, which is preferably designed as a free-fall mixer.
- the residence time of the phosphate is in this case in the mixer for a short time preferably means less than 20 seconds; if as A free-fall mixer is used, preferably even less than 2 seconds, in particular less than 1.5 seconds, during which the phosphate powder is sprayed with water or an aqueous solution, 12 to 28% by weight, preferably 15 to 20% by weight.
- % of the weight of phosphate is applied as water In a special variant of the method, less than 18% by weight of water is applied.
- ingredients of detergents and / or cleaning agents are added to the phosphate, in one embodiment of the invention these are mixed in dry form with the anhydrous phosphate powder mixed and then introduced into the high-speed mixer. In another preferred embodiment, an aqueous solution of at least one of the ingredients is used for spraying in the high-speed mixer. Other ingredients may already have been dry mixed with the phosphate.
- the moist compound is transferred from the mixer without loss of time to a drying device which is designed as a fluid bed dryer.
- a drying device which is designed as a fluid bed dryer.
- the compound falls directly from the mixer onto the fluid bed. Drying in the fluidized bed takes place under mild conditions, the product temperature during the entire process being below 60 ° C., preferably even below 45 ° C. This is achieved by a suitable choice of the supply air temperature.
- the optimal supply air temperature depends on the dimension of the fluid bed and the amount of air supplied. However, it has been shown that, in general, an overheating of the product can be avoided with a maximum supply air temperature of 130 ° C. However, the supply air temperature is preferably a maximum of 100 ° C.
- the released heat of hydration of the triphosphate is used for drying and the supply air is not preheated.
- the method always has the advantage of simultaneously using the heat of hydration for drying and, accordingly, using little additional energy compared to other methods.
- These mild conditions in particular the low product temperature, largely prevent decomposition of the triphosphate.
- at least 95% by weight of the phosphate is preferably still present as triphosphate.
- the drying is carried out until the free water content is at most 5% by weight, preferably at most 3% by weight.
- the required residence time of the agglomerate in the fluid bed dryer is between 30 and 60 minutes.
- a return can follow the fluid bed drying. Fine particles can optionally be returned to the agglomeration stage together with the filter dusts from the fluid bed dryer, while coarse particles are preferably ground in a hammer mill before being returned and the fluid bed drying is returned to the fluid bed after at least one third of the distance, preferably after more than two thirds of the distance.
- the phosphate compound described above is excellently suitable for incorporation into detergent tablets, such as detergent tablets for washing textiles, detergent tablets for machine dishwashing or cleaning hard surfaces, bleach tablets for use in washing machines or dishwashers, water softening tablets or stain remover tablets.
- Another object of the present invention is therefore the use of phosphate compounds which, after mixing with finely divided processing components, are pressed in a manner known per se to form detergent tablets for improving the stability and solubility of detergent tablets.
- the use of the phosphate compounds according to the invention, which after being mixed with other components, are pressed into detergent tablets, can significantly improve the physical properties of the tablets, in particular the mechanical stability and the solubility behavior.
- detergent tablets with low mechanical pressures can be produced, which have sufficient mechanical stability in packaging, transport and handling.
- tablets that are equally stable can be produced in this way at lower pressures, so that the wear on the tableting machines significantly reduced and their lifespan extended.
- Another object of the present invention are also detergent tablets made of compressed particulate detergent and cleaning compositions which contain a phosphate compound according to the invention.
- the phosphate compounds according to the invention in a mixture with conventional and commercially available phosphates.
- the majority of the phosphate contained in the moldings preferably originates from the phosphate compounds according to the invention.
- Detergent tablets which contain at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight and particularly preferably the total amount of those contained in the tablet Containing the amount of phosphate in the form of phosphate compounds according to the invention are therefore preferred.
- the phosphate compounds can be present in the tablets in varying amounts.
- detergent tablets are preferred which, based on the weight of the tablet, contain 10 to 90% by weight, preferably 20 to 80% by weight and in particular 25 to 70% by weight of the phosphate compound.
- disintegration aids so-called tablet disintegrants
- tablet disintegrants or accelerators of decay are understood as auxiliary substances which are necessary for rapid disintegration of tablets in water or gastric juice and ensure the release of the pharmaceuticals in absorbable form.
- the detergent tablets do not contain any disintegration aids.
- they simply by incorporating the phosphate compound according to the invention, they have a sufficiently high dissolution rate.
- the detergent tablets contain 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular 4 to 6% by weight of one or more disintegration auxiliaries, in each case based on the weight of the shaped body.
- Disintegrants based on cellulose are used as preferred disintegrants in the context of the present invention, so that preferred detergent tablets have such a disintegrant based on cellulose in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular 4 contain up to 6 wt .-%.
- Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n and, formally speaking, is a ß-1,4 polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is made up of two molecules of glucose. Suitable celluloses consist of approximately 500 to 5000 glucose units and consequently have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000.
- Cellulose-based disintegrants which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives which can be obtained from cellulose by polymer-analogous reactions.
- Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products from esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxy hydrogen atoms have been substituted.
- celluloses in which the hydroxyl groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bound via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives.
- the group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali celluloses, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers and aminocelluloses.
- the cellulose derivatives mentioned are preferably not used alone as a cellulose-based disintegrant, but are used in a mixture with cellulose.
- the content of cellulose derivatives in these mixtures is preferably below 50% by weight, particularly preferably below 20% by weight, based on the cellulose-based disintegrant. Pure cellulose which is free of cellulose derivatives is particularly preferably used as the disintegrant based on cellulose.
- the cellulose used as disintegration aid is preferably not used in finely divided form, but is converted into a coarser form, for example granulated or compacted, before being added to the premixes to be pressed.
- Detergent tablets which contain disintegrants in granular or optionally cogranulated form are described in German patent applications DE 197 09 991 and DE 197 10 254 and international patent application WO98 / 40463. These writings are also closer Information on the production of granulated, compacted or cogranulated cellulose disintegrants can be found.
- the particle sizes of such disintegrants are usually above 200 ⁇ m, preferably at least 90% by weight between 300 and 1600 ⁇ m and in particular at least 90% by weight between 400 and 1200 ⁇ m.
- disintegration aids are preferred as disintegration aids and are commercially available, for example under the name of Arbocel ® TF-30-HG from Rettenmaier available under the voriiegenden invention.
- Microcrystalline cellulose can be used as a further cellulose-based disintegrant or as a component of this component.
- This microcrystalline cellulose is obtained by partial hydrolysis of celluloses under conditions which only attack and completely dissolve the amorphous areas (approx. 30% of the total cellulose mass) of the celluloses, but leave the crystalline areas (approx. 70%) undamaged.
- a subsequent disaggregation of the microfine celluloses produced by the hydrolysis provides the microcrystalline celluloses, which have primary particle sizes of approximately 5 ⁇ m and can be compacted, for example, into granules with an average particle size of 200 ⁇ m.
- Detergent tablets preferred in the context of the present invention additionally contain a disintegration aid, preferably a cellulose-based disintegration aid, preferably in granular, cogranulated or compacted form, in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight. -% and in particular from 4 to 6 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the molded body.
- a disintegration aid preferably a cellulose-based disintegration aid, preferably in granular, cogranulated or compacted form, in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight. -% and in particular from 4 to 6 wt .-%, each based on the weight of the molded body.
- the detergent tablets according to the invention can additionally contain one or more substances from the groups of bleaching agents, bleach activators, enzymes, pH regulators, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, dyes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, anti-redeposition agents, optical agents Brighteners, graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors and silver protection agents included.
- bleaching agents bleach activators, enzymes, pH regulators, fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, dyes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, anti-redeposition agents, optical agents Brighteners, graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors and silver protection agents included.
- bleaching agents are, for example, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H 2 O 2 -producing peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperic acid or diperdodecanedioic acid. Even when using the bleaching agents, it is possible to dispense with the use of surfactants and / or builders, so that pure bleaching agent tablets can be produced. If such bleach tablets are to be used for textile washing, a combination of sodium percarbonate with sodium sesquicarbonate is preferred, irrespective of which other ingredients are contained in the shaped bodies.
- bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used.
- Typical organic bleaching agents are the diacyl peroxides, such as dibenzoyl peroxide.
- Other typical organic bleaching agents are peroxy acids, examples of which include alkyl peroxy acids and aryl peroxy acids.
- Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy- naphthoic acid and magnesium monoperphthalate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ⁇ -phthalimidanoic acid paprooxy acid ], o-
- Chlorine or bromine-releasing substances can also be used as bleaching agents in moldings for automatic dishwashing.
- Suitable materials which release chlorine or bromine include, for example, heterocyclic N-bromo- and N-chloramides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid, dibromoisocyanuric acid and / or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or their salts with cations such as potassium and sodium.
- DICA dichloroisocyanuric acid
- Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydanthoin are also suitable. In order to achieve an improved bleaching effect when washing or cleaning at temperatures of 60 ° C.
- bleach activators can be incorporated into the detergent tablets according to the invention.
- Bleach activators which can be used are compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid.
- Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
- TAED tetraacetylethylene diamine
- DADHT 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine
- TAGU tetraacetylglycoluril
- Acylimides especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl- or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic acid anhydrides, especially phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, especially triacetyloxy and 2,5-diacetyloxy and 2,5-glycethylacetyl, ethylene glycol 2,5-dihydrofuran.
- NOSI N-nonanoylsuccinimide
- acylated phenolsulfonates especially n-nonanoyl- or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS)
- carboxylic acid anhydrides especially phthalic anhydride
- acylated polyhydric alcohols especially triacetyloxy and 2,5-di
- bleach catalysts can also be incorporated into the moldings.
- These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example, Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo salt complexes or carbonyl complexes.
- Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands as well as Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes can also be used as bleaching catalysts.
- Suitable enzymes are those from the class of proteases, lipases, amylases, cellulases or mixtures thereof. Enzymes obtained from bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomyces griseus are particularly suitable. Proteases of the subtilisin type and in particular proteases which are obtained from Bacillus lentus are preferably used.
- Enzyme mixtures for example from protease and amylase or protease and lipase or protease and cellulase or from cellulase and lipase or from protease, amylase and lipase or protease, lipase and cellulase, in particular, however, cellulase-containing mixtures of particular interest.
- Peroxidases or oxidases have also proven to be suitable in some cases.
- the enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers and / or embedded in coating substances in order to protect them against premature decomposition.
- the proportion of enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules in the shaped bodies according to the invention can be, for example, about 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to about 2% by weight.
- the most commonly used enzymes include lipases, amylases, cellulases and proteases.
- Preferred proteases are e.g. B. BLAP®140 from Biozym, Optimase®-M-440 and Opticlean®-M-250 from Solvay Enzymes; Maxacal®CX and Maxapem® or Esperase® from Gist Brocades or Savinase® from Novo.
- Particularly suitable cellulases and lipases are Celluzym® 0.7 T and Lipolase® 30 T from Novo Nordisk.
- laundry detergent and cleaning product tablets may also contain components which have a positive influence on the oil and fat washability from textiles (so-called soil repellents). This effect becomes particularly clear when a textile is soiled that has already been washed several times beforehand with a detergent according to the invention which contains this oil and fat-dissolving component.
- the preferred oil and fat-dissolving components include, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose and methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose with a proportion of methoxyl groups from 15 to 30% by weight and of hydroxypropoxyl groups from 1 to 15% by weight, based in each case on the nonionic cellulose ether, and the polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or their derivatives known from the prior art, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionically and / or nonionically modified derivatives thereof. Of these, the sulfonated derivatives of phthalic acid and terephthalic acid polymers are particularly preferred.
- the moldings can contain derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid or their alkali metal salts as optical brighteners. Suitable are, for example, salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-morpholino-1, 3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or of a similar structure Compounds which carry a diethanolamino group, a methylamino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethylamino group instead of the morpholino group.
- Brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyryl type may also be present, for example the alkali salts of 4,4'-bis (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, or 4- (4-chlorostyryl) -4 '- (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl. Mixtures of the aforementioned brighteners can also be used.
- Dyes and fragrances are added to the detergent tablets according to the invention in order to improve the aesthetic impression of the products and, in addition to the softness, to provide the consumer with a visually and sensorially "typical and unmistakable" product.
- perfume oils or fragrances individual fragrance compounds, e.g. the synthetic products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type are used. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g.
- the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, the aldehydes e.g.
- the linear alkanals with 8-18 C atoms citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, to the ketones e.g. the Jonone, ⁇ - Isomethylionon and methyl-cedrylketon, to the alcohols anethol, Citronellol, Eugenol, Geraniol, Linalool, Phenylethylalkohol and Terpineol, to the hydrocarbons belong mainly the terpenes like Limonen and Pinen. However, preference is given to using mixtures of different fragrances which together produce an appealing fragrance.
- perfume oils can also contain natural fragrance mixtures as are available from plant sources, e.g. Pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouly, rose or ylang-ylang oil. Also suitable are muscatel, sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil as well as orange blossom oil, neroliol, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.
- the dye content of the laundry detergent tablets according to the invention is usually less than 0.01% by weight, while fragrances can make up up to 2% by weight of the entire formulation.
- the fragrances can be incorporated directly into the agents according to the invention, but it can also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to carriers which increase the adhesion of the perfume to the laundry and ensure a long-lasting fragrance of the textiles by slower fragrance release.
- Cyclodextrins for example, have proven useful as such carrier materials, and the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes can additionally be coated with further auxiliaries.
- the agents according to the invention can be colored with suitable dyes.
- Preferred dyes the selection of which is not difficult for the person skilled in the art, have a high storage stability and insensitivity to the other ingredients of the compositions and to light, and no pronounced substantivity towards textile fibers in order not to dye them.
- Dishwasher detergent tablets according to the invention can contain corrosion inhibitors to protect the items to be washed or the machine, silver protection agents in particular being particularly important in the field of automatic dishwashing.
- silver protection agents selected from the group of the triazoles, the benzotriazoles, the bisbenzotriazoles, the aminotriazoles, the alkylaminotriazoles and the transition metal salts or complexes can be used in particular.
- Benzotriazole and / or alkylaminotriazole are particularly preferably to be used.
- active chlorine-containing agents are often found in cleaner formulations, which can significantly reduce the corroding of the silver surface.
- oxygen- and nitrogen-containing organic redox-active compounds such as di- and trihydric phenols, e.g. As hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, phloroglucin, pyrogallol or derivatives of these classes of compounds.
- Salt-like and complex-like inorganic compounds such as salts of the metals Mn, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Co and Ce, are also frequently used.
- transition metal salts which are selected from the group of the manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably the cobalt (ammine) complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes , the chlorides of cobalt or manganese and manganese sulfate.
- Zinc compounds can also be used to prevent corrosion on the wash ware.
- Special contents that can be used in moldings according to the invention for automatic dishwashing or cleaning hard surfaces are substances which prevent surfaces from being soiled again and / or facilitate the detachment of dirt after a single application (so-called “soil release compounds”).
- the soil release connections that can be used include all connections known in the prior art.
- Cationic polymers such as, for example, hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium guar are particularly suitable; Copolymers of
- the cationic polymers are particularly preferably selected from cationic polymers of copolymers of monomers such as trialkylammonium alkyl (meth) acrylate or acrylamide; Dialkyldiallyldiammonium salts; polymer-analogous reaction products of ethers or esters of polysaccharides with ammonium side groups, in particular guar, cellulose and starch derivatives; Polyadducts of ethylene oxide with ammonium groups; quaternary ethylene imine polymers and polyesters and polyamides with quaternary side groups as soil release compounds.
- natural polyuronic acids and related substances as well as polyampholytes and hydrophobized polyampholytes, or mixtures of these substances, are also particularly preferred.
- All of the ingredients described above can be used in the moldings according to the invention; In addition to the phosphate compounds according to the invention, other builders can also be contained in the moldings.
- water-soluble and water-insoluble builders can be used in the detergent tablets according to the invention, in particular for binding calcium and magnesium. Water-soluble builders are preferred for detergent tablets because they tend to have less tendency to form insoluble residues on dishes and hard surfaces.
- Usual builders, which in the context of the invention between 10 and 90 wt .-% based on the entire preparation, besides the builders mentioned above are the low molecular weight polycarboxylic acids and their salts, the carbonates and silicates.
- Water-insoluble builders include the zeolites, which can also be used, as well as mixtures of the abovementioned builder substances.
- Alkali carriers can be present as further constituents.
- Alkali metal sesquicarbonates alkali silicates, alkali metal silicates, and mixtures of the aforementioned substances, the alkali metal carbonates, in particular sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium sesquicarbonate, being preferably used for the purposes of this invention.
- Another object of the present invention is a process for the production of detergent tablets, characterized by the steps a) production of a phosphate compound according to the invention by a process according to the invention, b) mixing of the compound produced in step a) with further ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents to form a premix to be pressed, c) pressing to shaped articles.
- a phosphate compound is produced in the first process step.
- the person skilled in the art can fall back on machines and apparatuses known from the literature as well as process engineering operations, as described, for example, in W. Pietsch, "Size Enlargement by Agglomeration", Verlag Wiley, 1991, and the literature cited therein are.
- the detergent tablets according to the invention contain the phosphate compounds according to the invention in varying amounts depending on the intended use. Processes according to the invention in which the phosphate compound prepared in step a) makes up 10 to 90% by weight, preferably 20 to 80% by weight and in particular 25 to 70% by weight of the premix to be pressed are also completely analogous.
- the phosphate compound according to the invention is mixed in step b) with further ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents and pressed into the shaped body.
- Processes according to the invention are preferred here, which are characterized in that the phosphate compound prepared in step a) is mixed in step b) with at least one oxygen bleaching agent selected from the group of alkali perborates, alkali percarbonates, organic peracids and hydrogen peroxide. The bleaches in question were described above.
- bleaching agents can also be used in detergent tablets for the automatic cleaning of dishes.
- methods according to the invention are preferred in which the phosphate compound prepared in step a) is mixed with at least one bleaching agent selected from the group consisting of trichlorocyanuric acids, dichloro- or monochlorocyanurates, hypochlorites, and other customary chlorine-containing bleaching agents.
- the bleaching performance of moldings containing bleach is preferably increased by using bleach activators.
- Processes according to the invention are preferred in which the phosphate compound prepared in step a) with at least one bleach activator, preferably from the group of polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), of N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), the acylated phenolsulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl- or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), n-methyl-morpholinium-acetonitrile-methylsulfate (MMA) and / or the bleach-enhancing ones
- TAED tetraacetylethylenediamine
- NOSI N-nonanoylsuccinimide
- acylated phenolsulfonates especially n-nonano
- Transition metal complexes in particular with the central atoms Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo, V, Ti and / or Ru, preferably from the group of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably the cobalt (amine) complexes, the cobalt (acetate) - Complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes, the chlorides of cobalt or manganese and / or manganese sulfate is mixed.
- the foam inhibitor granules produced in step a) are combined in step b) with at least one surfactant-containing granules to form a premix to be pressed with a bulk density of at least 500 g / l, preferably at least 600 g / l and in particular at least 700 g / l .
- Methods preferred in the context of the present invention therefore comprise the compression of a particulate premix comprising at least one phosphate compound, at least one surfactant-containing granulate and at least one admixed powdery component.
- the granules containing surfactant can be produced by conventional industrial granulation processes such as compacting, extrusion, mixer granulation, pelletization or fluidized bed granulation.
- the surfactant-containing granulate satisfies certain particle size criteria.
- Methods according to the invention are preferred in which the surfactant-containing granules have particle sizes between 100 and 2000 ⁇ m, preferably between 200 and 1800 ⁇ m, particularly preferably between 400 and 1600 ⁇ m and in particular between 600 and 1400 ⁇ m.
- the surfactant granules preferably also contain carriers which particularly preferably come from the group of builders.
- Particularly advantageous processes are characterized in that the surfactant-containing granulate contains anionic and / or nonionic surfactants and builders and has total surfactant contents of at least 10% by weight, preferably at least 20% by weight and in particular at least 25% by weight.
- the proportion of surfactant granules and the surfactant content of the granules will be chosen higher or lower. If the phosphate compound according to the invention already contains surfactants, these must be taken into account when calculating the total surfactant content.
- the surfactant content of detergent tablets is usually between 10 and 40% by weight, preferably between 12.5 and 30% by weight and in particular between 15 and 25% by weight, while Detergent tablets for automatic dishwashing contain between 0.1 and 10% by weight, preferably between 0.5 and 7.5% by weight and in particular between 1 and 5% by weight of surfactants. Bieichschabletten and water softener tablets are usually free of surfactants.
- anionic surfactants come from the group of anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic or cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants being clearly preferred for economic reasons and because of their range of services.
- Anionic surfactants used are, for example, those of the sulfonate and sulfate type.
- the surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably Cg. 13 - Alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, such as those obtained from C 12 . 18 -monoolefins with terminal or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products into consideration. Alkanesulfonates which are derived from C 12 are also suitable.
- esters of ⁇ -sulfofatty acids for example the ⁇ -sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, are also suitable.
- Suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters.
- Fatty acid glycerol esters are to be understood as meaning the mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures, as obtained in the production by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol.
- Preferred sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.
- alk (en) yl sulfates the alkali and in particular the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid half esters of C 12 -C 18 fatty alcohols, for example from coconut oil alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C 10 -C 20 - Oxo alcohols and those half esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred.
- alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned which contain a synthetic, straight-chain alkyl radical prepared on a petrochemical basis and which have a degradation behavior analogous to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials.
- C 12 -C 16 alkyl sulfates and C 12 -C 15 alkyl sulfates as well as C 14 -C 15 alkyl sulfates are preferred from the point of view of washing technology.
- 2,3-alkyl sulfates which are produced for example in accordance with US Patent No. 3,234,258 or 5,075,041 and can be obtained as commercial products from Shell Oil Company under the name DAN ®, are suitable anionic surfactants.
- 21 alcohols such as 2-methyl-branched Cg.n alcohols with an average of 3.5 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) or C 12 .
- 18 fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Because of their high foaming behavior, they are used in cleaning agents only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight.
- Suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and especially ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C 8 . 18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof.
- Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which in themselves are nonionic surfactants (description see below).
- alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.
- Soaps are particularly suitable as further anionic surfactants.
- Saturated fatty acid soaps are suitable, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular soap mixtures derived from natural fatty acids, for example coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.
- the anionic surfactants, including the soaps can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and also as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
- the anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts.
- the preferred anionic surfactants are the alkylbenzenesulfonates and fatty alcohol sulfates, preferred detergent tablets 2 to 20% by weight, preferably 2.5 to 15% by weight and in particular 5 to 10% by weight of fatty alcohol sulfate (s), based in each case on the Weight of the detergent tablets
- the nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
- EO ethylene oxide
- alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues of alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are particularly preferred.
- the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12 . 14 - alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C ⁇ alcohol with 7 EO, C 13 . 15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12 . 18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures of these, such as mixtures of C 12 . 14 alcohol with 3 EO and C 12 . 18 alcohol with 5 EO.
- the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product.
- Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
- fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples of this are tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
- Another class of preferably used nonionic surfactants which are used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular fatty acid methyl esters, such as them are described, for example, in Japanese patent application JP 58/217598 or which are preferably produced by the process described in international patent application WO-A-90/13533.
- alkyl polyglycosides Another class of nonionic surfactants that can be used advantageously are the alkyl polyglycosides (APG).
- Alkyl polyglycosides which can be used satisfy the general formula RO (G) 2 , in which R denotes a linear or branched, in particular methyl-branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, C atoms and G is the Is symbol which stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose.
- the degree of glycosidation z is between 1.0 and 4.0, preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.4.
- Linear alkyl polyglucosides ie alkyl polyglycosides, in which the polyglycosyl radical is a glucose radical and the alkyl radical is an n-alkyl radical are preferably used.
- the surfactant granules can preferably contain alkyl polyglycosides, with APG contents of more than 0.2% by weight, based on the entire molded body, being preferred.
- Particularly preferred detergent tablets contain APG in amounts of 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 5% by weight and in particular 0.5 to 3% by weight.
- Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-coconut alkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides can also be suitable.
- the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, in particular not more than half of them.
- Suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (I), R-CO-N- [Z] (I)
- RCO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms
- R 1 for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
- the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
- the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (II)
- R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 1 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxy-alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred
- [Z] being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives thereof Rest.
- [Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- a reduced sugar for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- the N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then, for example, according to the teaching of international application WO-A-95/07331, by reaction with Fatty acid methyl esters can be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.
- anionic or nonionic surfactants or mixtures of these classes of surfactants and, if appropriate, amphoteric or cationic surfactants are used in the surfactant granules
- methods according to the invention are preferred in which the surfactant content of the surfactant-containing granules is 5 to 60% by weight, preferably 10 to 50% by weight. -% and in particular 15 to 40 wt .-%, each based on the surfactant granules.
- step b) further builder substances, which preferably contain at least one aluminosilicate and / or a layered silicate, are mixed with the phosphate compound.
- the aluminosilicate is preferably finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolites, in particular zeolite A, X and / or P.
- zeolite P for example, zeolite MAP (R) (commercial product from Crosfield) is used.
- zeolite Y and mixtures of A, X, Y and / or P are also suitable.
- Such a mixture of zeolite A and zeolite X is commercially available, for example, under the name Vegobond AX® (from Condea Augusta SpA).
- the zeolite can be used as a spray-dried powder or as an undried stabilized suspension that is still moist from its manufacture.
- the zeolite may contain minor additions of nonionic surfactants as stabilizers, for example 1 to 3% by weight, based on zeolite, of ethoxylated C 12 -C 18 fatty alcohols with 2 to 5 ethylene oxide groups , C 12 -C 14 fatty alcohols with 4 to 5 ethylene oxide groups or ethoxylated isotridecanols.
- Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water.
- Layered silicates are preferably crystalline, layered sodium silicates of the general formula NaMSi x O 2x + ⁇ 'yH 2 O l where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1, 9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4 are understood.
- Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 164 514.
- Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M represents sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3.
- Na 2 Si 2 O 5 yH 2 O is preferred.
- the detergent tablets according to the invention can contain further ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents, so that preferred process variants can be carried out analogously.
- a preferred method in the context of the present invention is characterized in that the premix additionally contains a disintegration aid, preferably a cellulose-based disintegration aid, preferably in granular, cogranulated or compacted form, in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably of 3 up to 7% by weight and in particular from 4 to 6% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the premix, it being additionally preferred that the premix additionally contain one or more substances from the group of enzymes, pH adjusting agents , Fragrances, perfume carriers, fluorescent agents, dyes, foam inhibitors, silicone oils, anti-redeposition agents, optical brighteners, graying inhibitors, color transfer inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors and silver protection agents.
- the premix Before the particulate premix is pressed into detergent tablets, the premix can be "powdered” with finely divided surface treatment agents. This can be advantageous for the nature and physical properties of both the premix (storage, pressing) and the finished detergent tablets. Finely divided powdering agents are well known in the art, mostly zeolites, silicates or other inorganic salts being used. However, the premix is preferably “powdered” with finely divided zeolite, zeolites of the faujasite type being preferred. In the context of the present invention, the term "faujasite-type zeolite” denotes all three zeolites which form the faujasite subgroup of the zeolite structure group 4 (Compare Donald W.
- Mixtures or cocrystallizates of zeolites of the faujasite type with other zeolites, which do not necessarily have to belong to the zeolite structural group 4, can be used as powdering agents, it being advantageous if at least 50% by weight of the powdering agent from a zeolite of faujasite -Type exist.
- the moldings according to the invention are first produced by dry mixing the constituents, which may have been wholly or partially pregranulated, and then providing information, in particular compressing them to tablets, using conventional methods.
- the premix is compressed in a so-called die between two punches to form a solid compressed product.
- This process which is briefly referred to as tableting in the following, is divided into four sections: metering, compression (elastic deformation), plastic deformation and ejection.
- the premix is introduced into the die, the filling quantity and thus the weight and the shape of the molding being formed being determined by the position of the lower punch and the shape of the pressing tool.
- the constant metering, even at high molding throughputs, is preferably achieved by volumetric metering of the premix.
- the upper punch touches the premix and lowers further in the direction of the lower punch.
- the particles of the premix are pressed closer together, the void volume within the filling between the punches continuously decreasing. From a certain position of the upper punch (and thus from a certain pressure on the premix) the plastic deformation begins, in which the particles flow together and the molded body is formed.
- the premix particles are also crushed and sintering of the premix occurs at even higher pressures.
- the phase of elastic deformation is shortened further and further, so that the resulting shaped bodies have more or less large cavities can.
- the finished molded body is pressed out of the die by the lower punch and transported away by subsequent transport devices. At this point in time, only the weight of the molded body is finally determined, since the compacts can still change their shape and size due to physical processes (stretching, crystallographic effects, cooling, etc.).
- Tableting takes place in commercially available tablet presses, which can in principle be equipped with single or double punches. In the latter case, not only is the upper stamp used to build up pressure, the lower stamp also moves towards the upper stamp during the pressing process, while the upper stamp presses down.
- eccentric tablet presses are preferably used, in which the punch or stamps are fastened to an eccentric disc, which in turn is mounted on an axis with a certain rotational speed. The movement of these rams is comparable to that of a conventional four-stroke engine.
- the pressing can take place with one upper and one lower punch, but several punches can also be attached to one eccentric disk, the number of die holes being correspondingly increased.
- the throughputs of eccentric presses vary depending on the type from a few hundred to a maximum of 3000 tablets per hour.
- rotary tablet presses are selected in which a larger number of dies is arranged in a circle on a so-called die table.
- the number of matrices varies between 6 and 55 depending on the model, although larger matrices are also commercially available.
- Each die on the die table is assigned an upper and lower stamp, with the pressing pressure being active only by the upper or lower die. Lower stamp, but can also be built up by both stamps.
- the die table and the stamps move around a common vertical axis, the stamps being brought into the positions for filling, compression, plastic deformation and ejection by means of rail-like curved tracks during the rotation.
- these cam tracks are supported by additional low-pressure pieces, low-tension rails and lifting tracks.
- the die is filled via a rigidly arranged feed device, the so-called filling shoe, which is equipped with a Storage container for the premix is connected.
- the pressing pressure on the premix can be individually adjusted via the pressing paths for the upper and lower punches, the pressure being built up by rolling the punch shaft heads past adjustable pressure rollers.
- Rotary presses can also be provided with two filling shoes to increase the throughput, with only a semicircle having to be run through to produce a tablet.
- several filling shoes are arranged one behind the other without the slightly pressed first layer being ejected before further filling.
- jacket and dot tablets can also be produced in this way, which have an onion-shell-like structure, the top side of the core or the core layers not being covered in the case of the dot tablets and thus remaining visible.
- Rotary tablet presses can also be equipped with single or multiple tools, so that, for example, an outer circle with 50 and an inner circle with 35 holes can be used simultaneously for pressing.
- the throughputs of modern rotary tablet presses are over one million tablets per hour.
- Tableting machines suitable within the scope of the present invention are available, for example, from the companies Apparatebau Holzwarth GbR, Asperg, Wilhelm Fette GmbH, Schwarzenbek, Hofer GmbH, Weil, KILIAN, Cologne, KOMAGE, Kell am See, KORSCH Pressen GmbH, Berlin, Mapag Maschinenbau AG, Bern (CH) and Courtoy NV, Halle (BE / LU).
- the hydraulic double pressure press HPF 630 from LAEIS, D. is particularly suitable.
- the moldings can be manufactured in a predetermined spatial shape and a predetermined size. Practically all practical configurations can be considered as the spatial shape, for example, the design as a board, the bar or bar shape, cubes, cuboids and corresponding spatial elements with flat side surfaces, and in particular cylindrical configurations with a circular or oval cross section.
- This last embodiment covers the presentation form from the tablet to compact cylinder pieces with a ratio of height to diameter above 1.
- the portioned compacts can each be designed as separate individual elements that correspond to the predetermined dosage of the detergents and / or cleaning agents. It is also possible, however, to form compacts which connect a plurality of such mass units in one compact, the portioned smaller units being easy to separate, in particular by predetermined predetermined breaking points.
- the portioned compacts can be designed as tablets, in cylindrical or cuboid form, with a diameter / height ratio in the range from approximately 0.5: 2 to 2: 0.5 is preferred.
- Commercial hydraulic presses, eccentric presses or rotary presses are suitable devices, in particular for the production of such compacts.
- the spatial shape of another embodiment of the shaped body is adapted in its dimensions to the induction chamber of commercially available household washing machines, so that the shaped bodies can be dosed directly into the induction chamber without metering aid, where they dissolve during the induction process.
- the detergent tablets can also be used without problems via a metering aid and are preferred in the context of the present invention.
- Another preferred molded body that can be produced has a plate-like or plate-like structure with alternately thick long and thin short segments, so that individual segments of this "bolt" at the predetermined breaking points, which represent the short thin segments, broken off and into the Machine can be entered.
- This principle of the "bar-shaped" shaped body detergent can also be implemented in other geometric shapes, for example vertically standing triangles, which are connected to one another only on one of their sides along the side.
- the various components are not pressed into a uniform tablet, but that shaped bodies are obtained which have several layers, that is to say at least two layers. It is also possible that these different layers have different dissolving speeds. This can result in advantageous performance properties of the molded articles. If, for example, components are contained in the moldings are, which mutually influence each other negatively, it is possible to integrate one component in the more rapidly soluble layer and to incorporate the other component in a more slowly soluble layer, so that the first component has already reacted when the second goes into solution.
- the layer structure of the shaped bodies can be stacked, with the inner layer (s) already loosening at the edges of the shaped body when the outer layers have not yet been completely detached, but it is also possible for the inner layer (s) to be completely encased ) can be achieved by the layer (s) lying further outwards, which leads to the premature dissolution of components of the inner layer (s).
- a shaped body consists of at least three layers, i.e. two outer and at least one inner layer, at least one peroxy bleaching agent being contained in at least one of the inner layers, while the two cover layers are used in the case of the stacked shaped body and the is in the case of the shell-shaped shaped body outermost layers, however, are free of peroxy bleach. Furthermore, it is also possible to spatially separate peroxy bleaching agents and any bleach activators and / or enzymes that may be present in one molded body.
- Such multilayered moldings have the advantage that they can not only be used via a dispensing chamber or via a metering device which is added to the wash liquor; rather, it is also possible in such cases to put the molded body in direct contact with the textiles in the machine without fear of bleaching and the like.
- the bodies to be coated can, for example, be sprayed with aqueous solutions or emulsions, or else they can be coated using the method of melt coating.
- ⁇ stands for diametral fracture stress (DFS) in Pa
- P is the force in N, which leads to the pressure exerted on the molded body, which causes the molded body to break
- D is the molded body diameter in meters and t the height of the moldings.
- pentasodium triphosphate powder with a pure substance content of 98.3% and 0.3% by weight of water was mixed in with a free-fall mixer (Flexomix®; Schugi), which ran at a speed of 2600 rpm sprayed a 10% solution of a polyacrylate-maleate copolymer (Sokalan CP5®; BASF).
- the agglomerate fell from the mixer into a fluid bed and was dried at a product temperature of 40 ° C. within 45 minutes to a total water content of 13% by weight.
- the granules obtained had a raspberry-shaped structure, the average particle diameter of the agglomerate particles being around 550 ⁇ m, but the primary particles forming the agglomerate being almost 10 times smaller than the average particle diameter of the agglomerates.
- the data of the granules obtained are given in Table 1.
- the phosphate content in Table 1 was determined from the total phosphorus content (for C4, the phosphorus contained in the phosphonate was subtracted here) and the total water content was measured at 160 ° C. Free water is the moisture that is split off up to 100 ° C, the stated crystal water content is the difference between the two values. A crystal water content of 8.1% by weight was determined for C1 using thermoanalytical methods (DTA-TG; heating rate: 10 K / min).
- Table 1 Composition and physical parameters of the phosphate compounds (n.b .: not determined)
- Shaped bodies were produced with the compound C1.
- the phosphate compound was mixed with further processing components and pressed on an eccentric tablet press according to Table 3.
- the composition of the premix to be pressed can be found in Table 2.
- the moldings contained auxiliaries, such as binders, disintegration auxiliaries, colorants and fragrances, fillers and water.
- Comparative Example V had the same formulation, but here phosphate and copolymer were used separately from one another, the phosphate being in the form of a commercially available granulate containing free Water of over 7 wt .-% was used. In the comparative example, considerably higher compression pressures were required to produce tablets of comparable hardness (see Table 3).
- the hardness of the tablets was measured by deforming the tablet to fracture, the force acting on the side surfaces of the tablet and the maximum force that the tablet was able to withstand.
- the measurement was carried out on a hardness tester CT5 (Holland) with punch diameters of 8 mm.
- the dissolution time of the tablets was determined in a household dishwasher.
- the tablets were placed in the machine basket before the main rinse cycle, the basket being in the same place in the machine in all experiments.
- a 50 ° C program was used and the time to completely dissolve the tablet was determined by tracking the conductivity.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03019563A EP1382665A1 (de) | 1998-12-23 | 1999-12-14 | Verwendung von Phosphat-Compounds |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19859807 | 1998-12-23 | ||
DE19859807A DE19859807A1 (de) | 1998-12-23 | 1998-12-23 | Phosphat-Compounds |
PCT/EP1999/009892 WO2000039260A1 (de) | 1998-12-23 | 1999-12-14 | Phosphat-compounds |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03019563A Division EP1382665A1 (de) | 1998-12-23 | 1999-12-14 | Verwendung von Phosphat-Compounds |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1141191A1 true EP1141191A1 (de) | 2001-10-10 |
EP1141191B1 EP1141191B1 (de) | 2005-03-09 |
Family
ID=7892500
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99963522A Expired - Lifetime EP1141191B1 (de) | 1998-12-23 | 1999-12-14 | Phosphat-compounds |
EP03019563A Withdrawn EP1382665A1 (de) | 1998-12-23 | 1999-12-14 | Verwendung von Phosphat-Compounds |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03019563A Withdrawn EP1382665A1 (de) | 1998-12-23 | 1999-12-14 | Verwendung von Phosphat-Compounds |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP1141191B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE290581T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19859807A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2239473T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000039260A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004020010A1 (de) * | 2004-04-21 | 2005-11-17 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polymer-Granulaten |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA717943A (en) * | 1963-02-04 | 1965-09-14 | Unilever Limited | Detergent compositions |
GB1466868A (en) * | 1973-04-19 | 1977-03-09 | Unilever Ltd | Granulation of materials |
DE2925137A1 (de) * | 1979-06-22 | 1981-01-08 | Keri Dipl Ing Karoly | Homogene, staubfreie und rieselfaehige wasch- und reinigungsmittelgranulate, sowie verfahren zu deren herstellung |
DE3624336A1 (de) * | 1986-07-18 | 1988-01-28 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur herstellung von rieselfaehigen alkalischen reinigungsmitteln durch kompaktierende granulation |
DE4435743C2 (de) * | 1994-02-17 | 1998-11-26 | Chemolux Sarl | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Mehrkomponenten-Granulates |
DE19502774A1 (de) * | 1995-01-27 | 1996-08-01 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung von bruchstabilen Reinigungstabletten |
GB2318800A (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 1998-05-06 | Unilever Plc | Detergent composition |
JPH10204500A (ja) * | 1997-01-20 | 1998-08-04 | Soft Kyukyu Corp:Kk | 発泡錠剤洗浄剤 |
GB9706083D0 (en) * | 1997-03-24 | 1997-05-14 | Unilever Plc | Detergent compositions |
-
1998
- 1998-12-23 DE DE19859807A patent/DE19859807A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-12-14 EP EP99963522A patent/EP1141191B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-14 EP EP03019563A patent/EP1382665A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-14 DE DE59911739T patent/DE59911739D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-14 ES ES99963522T patent/ES2239473T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-14 AT AT99963522T patent/ATE290581T1/de active
- 1999-12-14 WO PCT/EP1999/009892 patent/WO2000039260A1/de active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0039260A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1382665A1 (de) | 2004-01-21 |
WO2000039260A1 (de) | 2000-07-06 |
DE19859807A1 (de) | 2000-06-29 |
ES2239473T3 (es) | 2005-09-16 |
EP1141191B1 (de) | 2005-03-09 |
DE59911739D1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
ATE290581T1 (de) | 2005-03-15 |
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