EP1133587B1 - Cellule d'electrolyse a membrane avec separation gaz/liquide active - Google Patents

Cellule d'electrolyse a membrane avec separation gaz/liquide active Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1133587B1
EP1133587B1 EP99953890A EP99953890A EP1133587B1 EP 1133587 B1 EP1133587 B1 EP 1133587B1 EP 99953890 A EP99953890 A EP 99953890A EP 99953890 A EP99953890 A EP 99953890A EP 1133587 B1 EP1133587 B1 EP 1133587B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
channels
cell
cell according
electrolyte
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99953890A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1133587A1 (fr
Inventor
Fritz Gestermann
Peter Fabian
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Bayer AG
Uhdenora Technologies SRL
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Bayer AG
Uhdenora Technologies SRL
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Publication of EP1133587A1 publication Critical patent/EP1133587A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrochemical half cell at least consisting of a Membrane, a gas-generating electrode as anode or cathode, an outlet for the gas and a supporting structure which the electrode with the half-cell back wall connects, wherein the support structure is a folded, electrically conductive sheet, which divides the interior of the half-cell in vertically arranged channels, wherein the Electrolyte flows upward in the electrode channels facing the electrode and in the down the electrode facing away from the electrode, the electrode channels and the Electrode facing away from each other channels at their upper and at their lower end are connected and arranged alternately side by side or in succession and the electrode channels have a cross-sectional constriction at their upper end.
  • Another problem is the electrolysis cell with as homogeneous as possible and horizontal temperature and concentration distribution (salt concentration or pH of the electrolyte) in the region of the electrolyte space in front of the membrane surface to operate, also to avoid premature aging of the membrane.
  • This is generally desirable for the operation of all gas-producing electrolysers, but especially for the use of gas diffusion electrodes in which the Heat dissipation (removal of heat loss) predominantly or completely over the Electrolyte circuit on the other, gas-generating side must be made, depending on whether beyond the membrane with finite gap or with overlying membrane Gas diffusion electrode is worked. This may cause a reduction in the Temperature of the incoming fresh electrolyte for the gas generating side, the Do not cause local overcooling here.
  • EP 0599363 A1 is based on various methods the treatment of process-related gas bubbles received without the decisive Elements that are called complete separation of gas and electrolyte completely pulsation-free, also common process of the separated phases from the cell and a homogenization of temperature and concentration to the corners of the Enable cell.
  • EP-A-0 412 600 describes an electrochemical half-cell with vertically arranged Channels in which no chlorine evolution takes place, as the electrolyte from the electrodes is shielded. These channels are formed from vertical profiles that are paired with Help from vertically arranged plates are connected. The channels are additional with Help of horizontal struts electrically conductive with the housing of the half-cell connected.
  • the invention is an electrochemical half-cell at least consisting of a membrane, a gas evolving electrode as an anode or cathode, a Outlet for the gas and a support structure which the electrode with the half-cell back wall connects, wherein the support structure is a folded, electrically conductive sheet, which divides the interior of the half-cell into vertically arranged channels, wherein the Electrolyte flows upward in the electrode channels facing the electrode and in the down the electrode facing away from the electrode, the electrode channels and the Electrode facing away from each other channels at their upper and at their lower end are connected and arranged alternately side by side or in succession and the electrode channels have a cross-sectional constriction at their upper end.
  • Another object of the invention is an electrochemical half cell at least consisting of a membrane, a gas-evolving electrode as anode or cathode, an outlet for the gas and a support structure which the electrode with the half-cell back wall connects, with the support structure from perpendicular to the half-cell built-in structural elements which electrically connect the electrode to the half-cell backplane Contact and hold, as well as flow guide, which between the Structural elements are used, is formed, wherein the support structure of the interior of the Half cell is divided into vertically arranged channels, wherein the electrolyte in the Electrode facing electrode channels flows upwards and facing away from the electrode Channels flows down, the electrode channels and the electrode remote from each other at their upper and at their lower end connected are and are arranged adjacent to each other or in succession and the Have electrode channels at its upper end a cross-sectional constriction.
  • the channels with a downward flow and the electrode channels can be trapezoidal Have cross-section.
  • a vertically oriented parallel support structure separates in a particular arrangement the open to the electrode channels in which the lighter electrolyte-gas mixture ascends, from channels open to the back wall, in which the degassed heavier Electrolyte flows down again.
  • Essential for the improvement of gas separation herein a constriction located at the top of the electrolyte channels through a wing-like flow deflection profile is generated, which is bent towards the electrode is.
  • the two-phase flow is in the constriction between the electrode and profile accelerates, relaxes over the rearward bent edge of the profile and on the Rear of the profile with separation of the phases degassed.
  • the cross-sectional area of the electrode channels is the narrowest Range of constriction in relation to the cross-sectional area of the electrode channels below the narrowing of 1 to 2.5 to 1 to 4.5.
  • the constriction of the electrode channels for example, by an angled Lead structure are formed.
  • the constriction of the electrode channels has in particular an area with constant cross-section, the height of this area being at most 1: 100 in relation to the height of the active membrane area.
  • the production of the half-cell is possible in a particularly simplified manner if the conductive structure is formed integrally with the support structure.
  • Electrode channels above the constriction have a widening of its cross-section.
  • the excess electrolyte leaving the cell may be behind the flow diverter either at the top on the side or via a vertical standpipe downwards be dissipated.
  • a half-cell which degas an outlet for the Electrolytes and the optionally formed during the electrolysis of gas, in particular a standpipe with implementation in the cell bottom or one on a side wall of Cell disposed outlet, which is just above the top of the Electrode channels is arranged.
  • the support structure assumes the function of mechanical retention of the electrode and beyond the function of low impedance Connection of the electrode to the cell back wall.
  • the support structure with the electrode channels and the outflow channels fills the Interior of the half-cell in a preferred variant of at least 90%.
  • the support structure is electrically conductive and is electrically conductive with the Electrode and in particular connected to the rear wall of the half-cell.
  • the electrode is then electrically conductive with the support structure of the half-cell connected and fastened to the support structure.
  • the electrolyte reacted in the anode chamber is, for example, an aqueous one Sodium chloride solution or a hydrochloric acid solution and as an anode gas drops here Chlorine on.
  • the counter electrode is an oxygen-consuming cathode.
  • the cathode-side heat dissipation can only via a plug flow without turbulence, which shifts the heat balance more to the anode side, If you do not want to work with too high cathode-side warm-up spans, the well-known the membrane are not beneficial. So here must be either with chilled Electrolytes in a simple feed or optionally with a likewise cooled anolyte circuit to be driven to the cell internal temperature distributions to keep at the optimum level.
  • the cathode-side heat dissipation is marginal; the heat must be discharged almost completely through the anolyte. This requires i.a. an external anolyte circuit with cooling.
  • the half-cell according to the invention is generally in all gas-producing electrolysis applicable. It gets a special significance in electrolysis, in which itself Separate electrolyte and gas more difficult.
  • a flow and daily structure 12 is electrically conductively welded (Fig. 1). It carries the electrode structure 3, on which in turn the Membrane 4 either rests or with a smaller distance from the electrode structure 3 is positioned.
  • the support structure 12 is constructed of trapezoidal shaped sheets, the vertical Form channels which are alternately open towards the electrode or as outflow channels 5 are directed to the rear wall 15.
  • the fresh electrolyte 17 flows through an inlet pipe 10 and through openings 11 in the half-cell interior 13, wherein the openings 11 are distributed so that they supply each of the channels 9 open to the electrode with fresh electrolyte.
  • the openings 11 can also be arranged below the outflow channels 5 be to mix between the fresh electrolyte and the in the Outflow channels 5 flowing electrolyte to improve (see Fig. 2).
  • the gas evolution at the electrode 3 leads to a buoyancy of the electrolyte in the open to the electrode channels 9.
  • the interspersed with gas bubbles electrolyte 14th flows up here, is on a profile structure 2, which emerges from the trapezoidal sheet, deflected towards the electrode. He is in gap 7 between the electrode 3 and Profile structure 2 accelerates and widening again above the profile structure Cross-section of the channel 9 relaxed. By switching between acceleration and relaxation, a very effective bubble separation is achieved so that on the back of the tread structure already a most extensive separation between electrolyte and electrode gas is done.
  • the profile structure 2 protrudes only in the Aufströmkanäle 9, however, is open in the direction of the outflow 5.
  • the excess electrolyte 18 leaves the half-cell 1 together with the behind the Profile 2 separated gas either via a standpipe 8, as shown in Fig. 1 and 3 or via a lateral outlet 16, as in FIG. 2 and in FIG. 3 alternatively drawn.
  • the following variants can also be used with comparable success (compare Fig. 4).
  • the gas-evolving electrodes 3, whether anodes or cathodes, via vertically inserted structural elements 29 with the rear wall of the half-shells 1 can be connected between these structural elements flow guide in semi-circular shape 28 with the bubbles Aufström Suite 20 and the outflow area 21, as a diagonal element 27 with the bubble Aufström Society 24 and the outflow area 25 or as parallel to the rear wall running partition 26 with the Bubble Aufström Society 22 and the outflow region 23 are used.
  • the separating element 26 can also be used as a continuous plate, the structural elements 29 suitably penetrate and over the entire element width extend. It can also prove to be advantageous if this Separating elements are each used individually between the structural elements 29, before the electrodes 3 are welded in and fix the separating elements.
  • the respective flow channels are analogous to the trapezoidal structures extend over the entire height of the element and in the upper part of the Bubble Aufström Symposiume - not shown here - analogue of the profile structure 2 narrow, to cause degassing of the electrolyte after passing the constriction.
  • the separating elements 26, 27, 28 have no electrical function, they can not only metallic, but also non-conductive from suitable plastic moldings, have the appropriate chemical stability and temperature resistance carried out become.
  • Halar® or Telene® e.g. Halar® or Telene®.
  • the bent-back part 6 of the profile 2 leaves an 8 mm gap to the upper edge of the half-cell 1 for the passage of the two-phase flow to the rear freely (see Fig. 2).
  • At the lower end remains about 20 mm wide gap through which the downwardly flowing degassed brine 14 together with the fed from the openings 11 of the line 10 fresh brine 16 again can flow into the rise channels 9, where it is enriched again with anode gas.
  • the excess anolyte brine is taken up via a standpipe 8, which ends slightly below the upper edge of the profile 2, and discharged downwards out of the cell 1.
  • oxygen-consuming cathodes are in finite gap mode at a Katholytspalt of 3 mm in use.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Demi-cellule électrochimique (1) au moins constituée d'une membrane (4), d'une électrode (3) qui dégage un gaz et qui sert d'anode ou de cathode, d'une évacuation (8; 16) pour le gaz et d'une structure porteuse (12) qui relie l'électrode (3) à la paroi arrière (15) de la demi-cellule, caractérisée en ce que la structure porteuse (12) est une tôle électriquement conductrice pliée qui divise l'espace intérieur (13) de la demi-cellule (1) en canaux (5, 9) disposés verticalement, l'électrolyte (14) s'écoulant vers le haut dans les canaux d'électrode (9) tournés vers l'électrode (3) et vers le bas dans les canaux (5) non tournés vers l'électrode (3), les canaux d'électrode (9) et les canaux (5) non tournés vers l'électrode (3) étant reliés les uns aux autres à leur extrémité supérieure et à leur extrémité inférieure et étant disposés en alternance l'un à côté de l'autre ou l'un derrière l'autre, les canaux d'électrode présentant à leur extrémité supérieure un rétrécissement (7) de leur section transversale.
  2. Demi-cellule électrochimique (1) au moins constituée d'une membrane (4), d'une électrode (3) qui dégage un gaz et qui sert d'anode ou de cathode, d'une évacuation (8; 16) pour le gaz et d'une structure porteuse (12) qui relie l'électrode (3) à la paroi arrière (15) de la demi-cellule, caractérisée en ce que la structure porteuse (12) est formée d'éléments structurels (29) incorporés dans la demi-cellule (1) et qui mettent l'électrode (3) en contact électrique avec la paroi arrière (15) de la demi-cellule et soutiennent cette électrode, ainsi que de structures (26; 27; 28) conductrices de courant qui sont insérées entre les éléments structurels (29), la structure porteuse (12) divisant l'espace intérieur (13) de la demi-cellule (1) en canaux (5, 9) disposés verticalement, l'électrolyte (14) s'écoulant vers le haut dans les canaux d'électrode (9) tournés vers l'électrode (3) et vers le bas dans les canaux (5) non tournés vers l'électrode (3), les canaux d'électrode (9) et les canaux (5) non tournés vers l'électrode (3) étant reliés les uns aux autres à leur extrémité supérieure et à leur extrémité inférieure et étant disposés en alternance l'un à côté de l'autre ou l'un derrière l'autre, les canaux d'électrode présentant à leur extrémité supérieure un rétrécissement (7) de leur section transversale.
  3. Demi-cellule électrochimique selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les canaux (5) traversés par un écoulement vers le bas et les canaux d'électrode (9) ont une section transversale trapézoïdale.
  4. Demi-cellule électrochimique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que le rapport entre la surface de la section transversale des canaux d'électrode (9) dans la région du rétrécissement (7) et la surface de la section transversale des canaux d'électrode (9) en dessous du rétrécissement (7) est de 1:2,5 à 1:4,5.
  5. Demi-cellule électrochimique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que le rétrécissement (7) des canaux d'électrode (9) présente une zone de section transversale constante et en ce que le rapport entre la hauteur de cette zone et la hauteur de la surface active de la membrane est d'au moins 1:100.
  6. Demi-cellule électrochimique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que le rétrécissement (7) des canaux d'électrode (9) est formé par une structure conductrice (2) coudée.
  7. Demi-cellule électrochimique selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que la structure conductrice coudée (2) présente la forme d'un profil de renvoi.
  8. Demi-cellule électrochimique selon l'une des revendications 6 ou 7, caractérisée en ce que la structure conductrice (2) est réalisée d'un seul tenant avec la structure porteuse (12).
  9. Demi-cellule électrochimique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisée en ce que les canaux d'électrode (9) présentent au-dessus du rétrécissement (7) un agrandissement (6) de leur section transversale.
  10. Demi-cellule électrochimique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que la structure porteuse (12) est formée d'un seul tenant sur toute la hauteur des canaux d'électrode (9) et des canaux (5) balayés par l'écoulement vers le bas.
  11. Demi-cellule électrochimique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisée en ce que la demi-cellule présente une sortie (8; 16) pour l'électrolyte dégazé et pour le gaz formé lors de l'électrolyse, en particulier un tube debout (8) ou une sortie (16) disposée sur une paroi latérale de la cellule et juste au-dessus de l'extrémité supérieure des canaux d'électrode (9).
  12. Demi-cellule électrochimique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisée en ce que la structure porteuse (12) avec les canaux d'électrode (9) et les canaux d'écoulement vers le bas (5) remplit au moins 90% de l'espace intérieur (13) de la demi-cellule (1).
  13. Demi-cellule électrochimique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisée en ce que l'électrolyte est une solution aqueuse de chlorure de sodium ou une solution d'acide chlorhydrique, l'électrode (3) étant une anode qui dégage du chlore, la cathode correspondante utilisée étant une cathode consommable à oxygène.
  14. Demi-cellule électrochimique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisée en ce qu'un échangeur de chaleur par lequel l'électrolyte frais et éventuellement de l'électrolyte dégazé renvoyé depuis l'évacuation (8; 16) est introduit dans la demi-cellule (1) est raccordé en amont de l'entrée (10, 11) de l'électrolyte (14).
  15. Demi-cellule électrochimique selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les structures (26; 27; 28) conductrices de courant sont réalisées en métal ou en matière synthétique.
  16. Demi-cellule électrochimique selon les revendications 2 ou 15, caractérisée en ce que la structure (26) qui conduit l'écoulement est réalisée d'un seul tenant avec la structure profilée sur toute la surface de l'élément.
EP99953890A 1998-10-30 1999-10-20 Cellule d'electrolyse a membrane avec separation gaz/liquide active Expired - Lifetime EP1133587B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19850071A DE19850071A1 (de) 1998-10-30 1998-10-30 Membran-Elektrolysezelle mit aktiver Gas-/Flüssigkeitstrennung
DE19850071 1998-10-30
PCT/EP1999/007949 WO2000026442A1 (fr) 1998-10-30 1999-10-20 Cellule d'electrolyse a membrane avec separation gaz/liquide active

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1133587A1 EP1133587A1 (fr) 2001-09-19
EP1133587B1 true EP1133587B1 (fr) 2004-01-14

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EP99953890A Expired - Lifetime EP1133587B1 (fr) 1998-10-30 1999-10-20 Cellule d'electrolyse a membrane avec separation gaz/liquide active

Country Status (20)

Country Link
US (1) US6596136B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1133587B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002528648A (fr)
KR (1) KR100607632B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1208501C (fr)
AR (1) AR018966A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE257868T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU763013B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9914956A (fr)
CA (1) CA2348394A1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ20011503A3 (fr)
DE (2) DE19850071A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2211188T3 (fr)
HU (1) HUP0104430A3 (fr)
ID (1) ID29184A (fr)
NO (1) NO20012056L (fr)
PL (1) PL190638B1 (fr)
PT (1) PT1133587E (fr)
TW (1) TW466279B (fr)
WO (1) WO2000026442A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19954247C2 (de) * 1999-11-11 2002-11-14 Wolfgang Strewe Elektrolysezelle mit Gasdiffusionselektrode für großtechnische Anlagen sowie Verwendungen der Elektrolysezelle
IT1319259B1 (it) * 2000-10-31 2003-09-26 Nora Impianti S P A Ora De Nor Cella elettrolitica con strutture elettrodiche rinnovabili e metodoper la sostituzione delle stesse.
DE10152276A1 (de) * 2001-10-23 2003-04-30 Bayer Ag Elektrolysezellen-Halbelement zum Betrieb von Gasdiffusionselektroden mit Trennung der Funktionsräume
DE102004014696A1 (de) * 2004-03-25 2005-10-13 De Nora Deutschland Gmbh Hydrodynamische Einrichtungen für elektrochemische Zellen
US8945358B2 (en) * 2006-09-29 2015-02-03 Uhdenora S.P.A. Electrolysis cell
WO2008080118A1 (fr) * 2006-12-23 2008-07-03 Miox Corporation Régulation du flux interne dans des cellules électrolytiques
DE102010030600A1 (de) * 2010-06-28 2011-12-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Minimierung des Ankerschließprellens durch ein Verzögerungsglied im Restluftspalt
JP5917108B2 (ja) * 2011-11-29 2016-05-11 地方独立行政法人東京都立産業技術研究センター 電解セル
WO2013125954A1 (fr) * 2012-02-23 2013-08-29 Paques I.P. B.V. Espaceur inter-membranes pour liquides contenant des solides en suspension
IT202200001544A1 (it) * 2022-01-31 2023-07-31 Eos Energetics S R L S Cella elettrolitica per la produzione di h2

Family Cites Families (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58217684A (ja) * 1982-06-09 1983-12-17 Tokuyama Soda Co Ltd 電極体
BE1004364A3 (fr) * 1989-08-11 1992-11-10 Solvay Chassis pour electrolyseur du type filtre-presse et electrolyseur monopolaire du type filtre-presse.
DE4224492C1 (de) 1992-07-24 1993-12-09 Uhde Gmbh Vorrichtung zum elektrolytischen Behandeln von Flüssigkeiten mit einer Anoden- und einer Kathodenkammer sowie deren Verwendung
SE9203514L (sv) 1992-11-23 1994-05-24 Permascand Ab Cell
DE69803570T2 (de) 1997-06-03 2002-10-10 Uhdenora Technologies S.R.L., Mailand/Milano Bipolare elektrolyseur mit ionenaustauscher membran
JPH11106977A (ja) * 1997-09-30 1999-04-20 Asahi Glass Co Ltd 複極型イオン交換膜電解槽
JP4007565B2 (ja) * 1998-05-11 2007-11-14 クロリンエンジニアズ株式会社 イオン交換膜電解槽

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL347424A1 (en) 2002-04-08
DE19850071A1 (de) 2000-05-04
US6596136B1 (en) 2003-07-22
EP1133587A1 (fr) 2001-09-19
TW466279B (en) 2001-12-01
AR018966A1 (es) 2001-12-12
ATE257868T1 (de) 2004-01-15
HUP0104430A3 (en) 2002-05-28
CA2348394A1 (fr) 2000-05-11
BR9914956A (pt) 2001-07-24
PT1133587E (pt) 2004-05-31
AU763013B2 (en) 2003-07-10
KR20010080352A (ko) 2001-08-22
ES2211188T3 (es) 2004-07-01
NO20012056D0 (no) 2001-04-26
ID29184A (id) 2001-08-09
JP2002528648A (ja) 2002-09-03
CN1324413A (zh) 2001-11-28
NO20012056L (no) 2001-04-26
DE59908322D1 (de) 2004-02-19
PL190638B1 (pl) 2005-12-30
CN1208501C (zh) 2005-06-29
KR100607632B1 (ko) 2006-08-02
HUP0104430A2 (hu) 2002-03-28
AU1041100A (en) 2000-05-22
CZ20011503A3 (cs) 2001-12-12
WO2000026442A1 (fr) 2000-05-11

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