EP1088945B1 - Insulating element for a facade - Google Patents

Abstract

The insulation element (1) is made of a mineral fibre composite and is formed in plates. The element can be covered with plaster (11) and is fixed to the outer facade (8) with insulation holders (6). A marker is arranged on a larger surface to arrange each insulation holder. The markers are spaced form the edges of the plates. The markers may be formed as coloured coatings formed by local heating.

Description

The invention relates to an insulating element made of binders bound mineral fibers for the insulation of external facades on buildings, in particular as Component of a thermal insulation composite system, which plate-shaped and suitable for receiving a plaster application and by means of insulation holders on the Exterior facade is attachable.

For the insulation of external facades of buildings are usually plate-shaped Insulating materials made of fiber insulation materials, polystyrene, phenolic resin, polyurethane rigid foam, Foam glass or lightweight cellular concrete used. These insulation materials differ primarily by their mechanical properties. The Insulating materials are arranged in insulation layers on the outer facade and with ventilated cladding or covers of, for example, sheet metal, fiber cement boards, Wood, wood materials, natural and artificial stones, concrete or the like covered. The insulation materials of such insulation layers are only low burdened by its own weight and insignificant by wind suction. It exists hence the possibility of such insulating layers of flexible and easily compressible Form fiber insulation low to medium density.

Alternatively, exterior facades of buildings with so-called thermal insulation systems insulated. These thermal insulation systems become plaster layers Applied directly to the insulation boards, so that the insulation layer through Dead weight, wind suction and the restraint stresses caused by the cleaning movements is charged. In these thermal insulation systems have themselves Insulating boards proven, which are stiff in itself.

In any case, the insulating elements are generally laid in a bandage and on the façade with the help of insulation panels and anchors in the façade anchored. The Dämmstoffteller are here with the dowels on a shaft connected and form a unity. Below is the unit made of insulating material and dowels referred to as Dämmstoffhalter.

In essence, the insulation elements in the usual processing only fixed with the help of the insulation holder. In these cases one speaks of a mechanical one Mounting. When mounting the insulation elements are the Dämmstoffhalter firmly pressed against the insulating material, by the positive connection a corresponding To allow power transmission. Compressible insulation elements are attached to these Make significantly squeezed and stretch in the areas between the Insulation holders even in unfavorable cases. To provide a necessary ventilation gap, which usually has a depth of 2 to 4 cm, not to narrow, the insulation elements must be pressed down especially at the edges. In addition, projecting edges with still unprotected insulation layer Attack surfaces for rain on. To avoid these disadvantages, it is out known in the art, the insulation holder in the joint area adjacent To arrange insulation elements. At the same time, insulation holders are necessary which are arranged in the region of the large surfaces of an insulating element. Such, usually arbitrarily selected arrangement of Dämmstoffhaltern But leads to a very large demand for Dämmstoffhaltern, although in this Procedure Unevenness of the facade surface in the area of the insulation elements can be compensated.

In addition to the mechanical fastening of insulating elements described above On external facades of buildings, it is also known the Dämmelemente stick on the outer facade. Appropriately used adhesives with a corresponding, full-surface, but at least a linear order, the Ausstteifen insulating elements. By the previous fixation of the insulation elements By means of these adhesives is then also the installation of the additional necessary Insulation holder simplified. In particular, can be in this approach Drill the necessary dowel holes faster or the insulation holder rational put.

Preferably, such insulation holder are used, the Dämmstoffteller have a diameter of about 90 mm.

Be the insulation holder in the joint area between adjacent insulation elements arranged, so hardly a substantial holding effect by the Dämmstoffhalter be achieved. It is therefore - as already stated - required, at least a Dämmstoffteller in the area of the outer large surface of the To arrange insulation elements. Only this arranged within an insulating element Insulation holder reaches the optimum fit, for example can counteract a deformation occurring under wind load. Here is the required number of insulation holders per insulating element u.a. dependent from the dead load of the insulating element or plaster layers attached thereto, their dimensions, the flow resistance and the wind suction load, so the position and height of the wall surface to be insulated.

It is known that air-permeable fiber insulation only low flow resistance exhibit. In addition, insulation elements made of rock wool have a sufficient Stiffness and point load capacity. The rigidity and point load capacity increases with increasing thickness of the insulating elements. Increase with increasing thickness but also the side surfaces of the insulating elements and the over these surfaces transferable frictional forces. For close-jointed joints, the insulation elements remain relative to each other in a stable position. From the above advantages the insulation elements of rock wool results in the further advantage that for the Attachment of stone wool insulation elements in the area of external facades Buildings only a small number of Dämmstoffhaltem is necessary. An essential one Reduction of the insulation holder can only be achieved if the insulation holder are set at a certain position of the insulating elements.

It is readily apparent that it is for the user of such insulation elements It is desirable to use the least possible number of Dämmstoffhaltem. As a result, on the one hand the material costs and on the other hand the assembly times and thus also reduces the labor costs. This results in economic Advantages for the manufacturers of such insulation elements, as insulation elements then can be better marketed, if on the one hand such insulation elements in a simple and temporally limited way and on the other hand the for processing necessary auxiliaries can be limited in quantity.

For safety reasons, but also for the resulting economic To be able to implement the advantage, the manufacturer of such insulating elements is interested in that the manufacturing companies, the insulation elements accordingly attach to the specifications. Accordingly, the manufacturers give instructions and Instructions for the desirable and required processing of such Insulating elements. In practice, however, it has been shown that with the processing persons assigned to such insulation elements corresponding instructions and instructions usually do not take notice in the vast majority But at least not realizing cases in the right way. Usually, the Insulation holder relatively free, i. set without regularity and specifications. in this connection also occurs the problem that the insulation of facades of scaffolding in the area several trades simultaneously, so that sometimes no vote between the trades exists. By the immediate covering of the insulation elements with the basic plaster is the irregular arrangement of the insulation holder only to observe the finished work when certain influences occur. The consequences an irregular arrangement that does not comply with the instructions Insulation holders are not correctable at this time without large Dismantling associated with high costs will be necessary. For example The insulation boards can be finished on partially moist plaster layers Mark the surface of the external thermal insulation composite system. The material thickness and the color of the plaster layer then influences the degree of impairment. So far Such impairments are unavoidable, should at least a regular Raster be present to the viewer to the optical result leads, the signage of Dämmstoffteller was deliberately wanted.

From FR 2 694 319 A1, for example, an insulating element made of polystyrene is known, in which in the area of holes for receiving screws x-shaped Stiffening elements are inserted. Due to the rigid design of polystyrene plates it is possible, such stiffening elements during foaming to envelop the polystyrene and integrate into the insulating element. This method of production but is very costly and leads to inaccurate process management to a high amount of non-usable insulation elements. About that In addition, such insulation elements with inserted stiffening elements are not or only to a very limited extent adaptable to the installation conditions. A crop the insulating elements in the area of the stiffening elements is almost impossible. In addition, by the stiffening elements, the number of limited drivable bores for receiving the screws.

From WO 82/01024 A1 an insulating element is further bound from binders Mineral fibers known for the insulation of external facades on buildings, which plate-shaped, suitable for receiving a coating and by Dämmstoffhaltem on the outer facade can be fastened.

This previously known insulating element has a stopper of the same material closable Depressions in a surface. In this recess are insulation holder can be used with which the insulating element in addition to an adhesive layer attachable to the facade.

Furthermore, DE 43 19 340 C1 discloses a process for the production of mineral fiber insulation boards for thermal and acoustic insulation of buildings, in particular of plaster base plates, wherein loose mineral fibers with a binder and optionally provided with a hydrophobing agent and a mineral wool web to be collected. This mineral wool web is then to a desired Thickness brought. At least one of the large surfaces of the mineral wool web will in the state in which the binder has not yet cured, with depressions and then to harden the binder through a curing oven guided. In this method, it is provided that in the wells pressure-balancing Body are introduced for later Ptattenbefestigung such that the External surfaces of the body substantially flush with the surface in question to lock. The pressure-balancing bodies are also made of mineral wool, but which is highly compressed, the bodies are cytindrisch or dome-shaped or are formed spherical segment. This document is therefore an insulating element made of binders bound mineral fibers for the insulation of external facades on buildings, in particular as part of a thermal insulation composite system can be seen, wherein the insulating element plate-shaped and suitable for receiving a plaster application and by Dämmstoffhaltem on the outer facade is fastened.

In order to avoid such disadvantages, the invention has the object , weiterzuentwickein an insulating element such that the processing in the facade insulation is much easier.

The solution of this problem provides in a generic insulating element that at least one color difference to the mineral fibers of the surface having markings on a large surface arranged for the arrangement of the insulation holder that one of the number of necessary insulating holder is provided corresponding number of markings and that the Markers are arranged spaced from the edges.

An inventively designed insulating element thus has markings, which coincides in number with the number of to be set insulation holder. The processing persons thus an insulating element is provided, that both the number and the position of the insulation holder when properly Processing pretends. The above-described disadvantages with arbitrary Setting the insulation holder are therefore substantially avoided. Furthermore the insulating element consists of mineral fibers, which are used for thermal insulation in particular are particularly suitable in the facade area and process easily, especially to the circumstances of the building to be insulated.

The markings are designed as a paint, since these marks without great technical effort during the production of such insulation elements let raise. Alternatively it can be provided that the markings in the Surface are baked by local heating. This is during the production the insulating elements locally heated at least one surface, whereby the Binder contained in the insulating elements reacts to the extent that a color difference between the heated area and the remaining area of the surface looming.

Accordingly, it is provided according to the invention that the insulating element consists of binders bound stone wool fibers.

The markings are particularly regular, preferably point or axisymmetric disposed

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the markings depending on the size and position as well as other geometrical properties, in particular the thickness of the Dämmelements are arranged. In the inventive Design of the Dämmelements is the required or intended Arrangement of the holding plate according to size and position, under certain circumstances also in dependence determined by the thickness of the insulation board from the outset. If the number and arrangement of the insulation holder depending on the height of the insulating Changes building, sees the inventive design of a Dämmelements a correspondingly differentiated design depending on height to be mounted Insulation element batches.

The markings can be punctiform and / or cross-shaped to an exact Set the insulation holder to allow.

Accordingly, the markers are formed as optically effective symbols, the be made with the help of colors or by baking. In addition to the For example, punctiform or cross-shaped markings can give information be applied on the nature and shape of the insulation holder. The required size the Dämmstoffteller can by a corresponding design of the marker be given, so that after assembly of the insulating elements a quick and easy visual inspection of properly used insulation holders is possible.

It is provided according to a further feature of the invention that the markings are interconnected by line and / or lattice-line elements.

Furthermore, it has proven to be advantageous, the markings in depressions in To arrange insulating element and / or form the markings as depressions. The thickness of the Dämmstoffteller reduces the coatable on plaster base plates plaster layer, which in the tendency to ever thinner priming and finishing layers This causes a reinforcing fabric to be embedded only incompletely becomes. As a result, a heat insulation composite system designed in this way becomes more susceptible to damage. It therefore makes sense to sunk the insulation board into the surface to introduce the insulating elements. Preferably, the recesses are mechanical worked out or with thermoplastic insulation materials by local heating made with the associated shrinkage and compression processes.

In a further embodiment of the invention are thin in the wells Layers ground plaster, construction adhesive or the like hygrothermal properties having arranged materials. These materials essentially have the same hygrothermal properties, such as the primer coat to be applied. additional The arranged in the wells materials surcharges, in particular Have plastics that have moisture-retaining properties.

According to the required number of insulation holders, the shape and the Diameter and the desired depth of immersion of the insulation board near-surface areas of the insulating element using example Kembohrem removed. The now having a recess areas the insulating element have a higher compressibility, since the mittragende Effect of edge areas is eliminated. The Dämmstoffhatter is therefore when tightening its core screw or when driving his striker deeper into the Damp element pulled or pressed.

In order to develop this improved connection, it is provided that the area in and be elasticized around the depressions. For this purpose, this area can, for example be subjected to a one or more compressive load to the dissolved by the binder composite of mineral fibers. By a higher elasticity in the wells, the insulation holder with greater depth of submergence to be built in.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the markings from the outset with a large depth compared to the material thickness of the Dämmelements from the Worked out insulation element. To the thermal insulation properties of such Insulating element not adversely affect is provided that the wells can be closed with a closure body. The closure body can be formed of mineral fibers or other compressible insulating material.

The pull-out force of the closure body is determined by the achievable frictional forces achieved between the closure body and the insulating element. She can by one Glueing of the closure body in the depression significantly increased or to the level the transverse tensile strength of the adjacent Dämmstoffbereiche be brought.

The inventive design of a Dämmelements of mineral fibers with Wells also represents a very economical thermal insulation, because with appropriate depth of the wells, the length of the insulation holder independently can be formed by the material thickness of the Dämmelements. The wells be for this purpose at least in their depth but also in terms of their Shape on the shape and length of the commonly used Dämmstoffhalter a particular design and length turned off. This will also the Stress of the shank of the insulation holder lower or the shaft needs to be dimensioned thicker with larger insulation thickness. This allows Material costs saved and thermal bridges reduced.

According to a further feature, it is provided that the materials at least after their hardening a stiff layer-forming, to a uniform power transmission to ensure the insulation element. Furthermore, by this configuration compensated by the Dämmstoffteller reduced Grundputzvolumen and caused by the insulation holder optical impairments of the cleaned Outer surface (surface plaster) significantly reduced or removed in the wet state.

Finally, it is provided in a further feature of the invention that the Insulating element has a lining, in particular in the form of a glass fleece, wherein the markings are arranged on the lamination.

Figur 1

ein Dämmelement in Ansicht;

Figur 2

einen Ausschnitt des Dämmelementes gemäß Figur 1 in geschnittener Seitenansicht;

Figur 3

die Anordnung mehrerer Dämmelemente gemäß Figur 1 im Bereich einer Fassade als Wärmedämmverbundsystem;

Figur 4

eine zweite Ausführungsform eines Dämmelementes in Ansicht;

Figur 5

das Dämmelement gemäß Figur 4 in geschnitten dargestellter Seitenansicht und

Figur 6

die Anordnung eines Dämmelementes gemäß den Figuren 4 und 5 im Bereich einer Fassade als Wärmedämmverbundsystem.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the associated embodiment of an insulating element according to the invention. In the drawing show:

FIG. 1

an insulating element in view;

FIG. 2

a detail of the insulating element according to Figure 1 in a sectional side view;

FIG. 3

the arrangement of several insulating elements according to Figure 1 in the region of a facade as a thermal insulation composite system;

FIG. 4

a second embodiment of an insulating element in view;

FIG. 5

the insulating element according to Figure 4 in section shown side view and

FIG. 6

the arrangement of an insulating element according to Figures 4 and 5 in the area of a facade as a thermal insulation composite system.

An insulation element 1 shown in Figure 1 is designed as a cuboid insulation board and consists of fiber material, namely rock wool. The insulating element 1 is manufactured in a conventional manner and has two mutually parallel Side surfaces 2 and two arranged at right angles to the side surfaces 2 Narrow sides 3 up. Furthermore, the insulating element 1 has two large surfaces 4, of in which only one can be seen in Figure 1 and the two aligned parallel to each other are.

In the area of the large surface 4, the insulating element 1 has four markings 5 on, on the one hand as depressions in the large surface 4 are formed and on the other hand form a template, the arrangement of Dämmstoffhaltem 6 (FIG 3) pretend.

In the recessed markers a thin layer of construction adhesive 7 is arranged. Alternatively, a thin layer of ground plaster can be provided, wherein the basic plaster or the construction adhesive can fill the depression completely or partially. If necessary, the construction adhesive or the basic plaster surcharges or plastics have, which serve an increased moisture storage.

FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of a plurality of insulating elements 1 on a facade 8. The insulating elements 1 are arranged in association with tightly jointed joints. Before the insulation holder 6, the insulating elements 1 with the facade 8 having Connect building, the insulation elements 1 by means of an adhesive layer 9 glued on the facade 8. Subsequently, the insulation holder 6, which Have Dämmstoffteller 10, in the formed as depressions markers. 5 set, previously drilled corresponding holes in which the Insulation holder 6 are anchored.

Finally, a plaster layer 11 is applied to the insulating elements 1. The Clay layer 11 is usually made of a primer and a top coat.

In Figure 3, the adhesive layer 9 is shown over the entire surface. As a rule, it is sufficient the insulating elements 1 with at least about 60% of their area on the facade 8 to glue. These are insulation elements 1, which are for recording a plaster layer 11 suitable and thus are stiff. Here are in particular Mineral wool insulation boards of high density and thus sufficient Shear stiffness used. The number of insulation holder 6 depends on the Type of insulating material of the insulating elements 1 and / or depending on the Height of the building with the expected wind suction load and the Embodiment of the insulation holder 6 in terms of diameter and arrangement.

The second embodiment of the Dämmelements shown in Figures 4 to 6 1 essentially corresponds to the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3. Es are therefore hereinafter for matching construction elements in the Figures 1 to 3 used reference numerals.

A difference between the two embodiments is that in the Embodiment according to Figures 4 to 6 in the wells closure body 12th are used. These closure body 12 are made of mineral fibers and can have an increased density compared to the density of the insulating element. About the layer not shown construction adhesive 7 in the wells are the Closure body 12 mounted in the wells, so that the plaster layer 11 also forms a flat layer in the region of the closure body 12 and not falling out the closure body 12 leads.

Alternatively or additionally, the closure bodies 12 are also in the region of their lateral surface via an additional adhesive layer 13 with the walls of the wells bonded. Furthermore, the closure body 12, for example, by flexing be elasticized.

Figure 6 shows in detail the attachment of the insulation board 1 by means of the insulation holder 6 on the facade 8. Each insulation holder 6 consists of a insulation board. 1 penetrating dowel 14 and the dowel 14 by cross-bolt 15th The dowel 14 has a collar 16 at its end arranged in the recess on, which rests on a pressure plate 17. The pressure plate 17 has an outer contour on, which coincides with the inner contour of the depression. The pressure plate 17 is used the uniform pressure introduction into the insulation board 1. The diameter of Pressure plate 17 is particularly dependent on the strength of the insulation board. 1

Claims (17)

1. Insulating element made of mineral fibers bound with binding agents for the insulation of outer facades (8) on buildings, particularly as a component of a composite heat insulation system, said insulating element being formed in a panel shape, suitable for plaster being applied to it, and adapted to be fixed to said outer facade (8) by means of insulating material holders (6),
   characterized in that at least on one large surface (4) markings (5) which are different in colour from that of the mineral fibers of the surface (4) are provided for the arrangement of said insulation material holders (6),
   that markings (5) are provided in a number corresponding to the required number of insulation material holders (6), and
   that said markings (5) are arranged so as to be spaced to the rims.
2. Insulating element according to claim 1,
   characterized in that said markings (5) are formed as an application of colours.
3. Insulating element according to claim 1,
   characterized in that said markings (5) are brought into the surface (4) by a localized heating.
4. Insulating element according to claim 1,
   characterized by
   the formation from rock wool fibers bound with binding agents.
5. Insulating element according to claim 1,
   characterized in that the markings (5) are arranged regularly, in particular point or axially symmetrical.
6. Insulating element according to claim 1,
   characterized in that said markings (5) are arranged in dependence of the size and location as well as further geometrical parameters, particularly the thickness of the insulating element (1).
7. Insulating element according to claim 1,
   characterized in that said markings (5) are formed in a dot and/or cross-shape.
8. Insulating element according to claim 1,
   characterized in that said markings (5) are connected to each other through line and/or lattice-shaped elements.
9. insulating element according to claim 1,
   characterized in that said markings (5) are arranged in cavities in said insulating element (1).
10. Insulating element according to claim 9,
    characterized in that said markings (5) are worked-out mechanically.
11. Insulating element according to claim 9,
    characterized in that said cavities have arranged therein thin layers (9) of base plaster, construction cement or similar materials exhibiting hygrothermal properties.
12. Insulating element according to claim 11,
    characterized in that said materials arranged within said cavities include additives, particularly plastic materials having dampness accumulating properties.
13. Insulating element according to claim 9,
    characterized in that said mineral fibers are additionally elastified in the region of the cavities, for example by being pressure-loaded one time or several times.
14. Insulating element according to claim 9,
    characterized in that closure bodies (12) made of mineral fibers or a different compressive insulation material are insertable in said cavities.
15. Insulating element according to daim 14,
    characterized in that said closure bodies (12) can be glued in place within said cavities.
16. Insulating element according to claim 11,
    characterized in that said materials form a firm layer, at least after their curing.
17. Insulating element according to claim 1,
    characterized in that said insulating element (1) includes a lamination, particularly in the form of a glass fiber web, with said markings (5) being arranged on said lamination.

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