RU2819711C1 - Combined heat-insulating panel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat insulation materials.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in construction of various objects, civil and industrial, in which it is necessary to provide heat insulation. Combined heat-insulating panel is made of foam material and mineral wool, note here that it has non-uniform structure and is made by pressing mineral wool bars into foam material uniformly over the area. Note here that mineral wool bars and foam material have the same thickness. Amount of mineral wool is in range of 20 to 80% of the total volume of the insulation sheet. Foam polystyrene, extruded foamed polystyrene, foamed plastic, foamed concrete and foamed glass can be used as the foam material.

EFFECT: heat-insulating panel has uniform fire resistance, vapor permeability and compression strength; claimed invention makes it possible to easily control the specified characteristics by changing content of mineral wool in foam material.

2 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

Field of technology to which the invention relates

The invention relates to thermal insulation materials and can be used in the construction of various objects, civil and industrial, in which it is necessary to provide thermal insulation.

State of the art

An insulating panel is known comprising at least one layer of insulating material, such as rigid polyurethane, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene foam, phenolic foam, cellular glass, mineral wool and plasterboard, or a combination thereof, and at least one metal cladding, such as steel, aluminum or copper sheet attached to at least one side of the insulating material, the insulating panel further comprising at least one interlocking profile that engages the metal lining such that the interlocking profile prevents the metal lining from being separated from the insulating material (publication WO/ 2009/046718, IPC E04B 1/76, E04C 2/292, 2008, 2009, https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/ru/detail.jsf?docId=WO2009046718&_cid=P21-LL6ACN-13524 -1). The main disadvantage of the known insulating panel is the use as an insulating material of continuous homogeneous layers of materials that have negative characteristics, for example, foam materials have a low flammability group and lack vapor permeability, and mineral wool has low compressive strength and high weight.

A building sandwich panel is known, which includes two surface layers of metal and a central part, including strips of pieces of mineral wool and expanded polystyrene, while the strips of pieces of mineral wool are assembled with a longitudinal displacement of the ends of the pieces like brickwork and are located along the perimeter of the panel, and the middle made from polystyrene foam boards (utility model patent RU 66761, IPC E04C 2/24, 2007, Bulletin No. 27, 2007, https://www.fips.ru/registers-doc-view/fips_servlet?DB =RUPM&DocNumber=66761&TypeFile=html). The disadvantages of the central part of the well-known construction sandwich panel are:

- the need to fix it in a metal frame due to the lack of instructions on how to connect pieces of mineral wool and expanded polystyrene to each other;

- the middle part is made of polystyrene foam with low vapor permeability, which leads to the greenhouse effect and the formation of condensation, requiring a good ventilation system;

- low fire resistance and strength due to different properties of materials in the center (expanded polystyrene) and at the edges (mineral wool).

The closest analogue for the same purpose as the claimed invention is a heat-insulating element consisting of a filler, wherein the filler is made of foam plastic and/or mineral wool, and it contains non-metallic reinforcing elements (utility model patent RU 52876, IPC E04B 1/ 76, 2007, Bulletin No. 27, 2007, https://new.fips.ru/registers-doc-view/fips_servlet?DB=RUPM&DocNumber=52876&TypeFile=html). The main disadvantage of the known thermal insulation element is the lack of indication of the method of connecting polystyrene foam and mineral wool, which does not allow assessing the technical characteristics of the claimed material.

Disclosure of the invention

The objective of the claimed invention is to eliminate these disadvantages of analogues and the prototype. The technical result of the proposed technical solution is to improve the technical characteristics of the insulating material.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved due to the fact that the combined thermal insulation panel is made of foam and mineral wool, the thermal insulation panel has a heterogeneous structure and is made by pressing mineral wool bars uniformly over the area into the foam, and the mineral wool bars and the foam have the same thickness, while the amount of mineral wool ranges from 20% to 80% of the total volume of the insulation sheet.

Expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, foam concrete, foam glass can be used as foam material.

The combined thermal insulation panel, due to the uniform pressing of mineral wool bars, has uniform fire resistance over the entire area, uniform compressive strength over the entire area of the panel and adjustable vapor permeability from low (0.06 mg/(m*h*Pa)) to high (0.21 mg/ (m*h*Pa)).

In a combined thermal insulation panel, the technical characteristics of the insulating material, foam and mineral wool, compensate for each other's shortcomings without affecting the thermal conductivity of the resulting material. For example, compared to a mineral wool board, the strength of the sheet increases, and at the same time, vapor permeability decreases, since high vapor permeability creates the effect of heat weathering and worsens the thermal insulation properties and density, reducing the overall weight of the product. Compared to a slab made of foam material, for example, polystyrene foam, the claimed invention has increased vapor permeability, since low vapor permeability creates a greenhouse effect in the room; in the absence of ventilation, moisture condenses on the supporting structures, and as a result, the material of walls, floors and ceilings gets wet, and fire resistance .

Unlike known thermal insulation materials of a homogeneous composition of a continuous structure with fixed strength and technical characteristics, the claimed invention makes it possible to easily adjust these characteristics by changing the content of mineral wool in the foam. For example, to increase the strength of a combined thermal insulation panel, it is necessary to reduce the mineral wool content; to increase fire resistance, on the contrary, the mineral content must be increased. Moreover, when designing thermal insulation systems, the necessary required characteristics of the combined thermal insulation panel are achieved by adjusting not only the number of mineral wool bars, but also the sizes of the pressed bars.

Brief description of the drawings (if they are included in the application)

The claimed invention is illustrated in Fig. 1 (general view of the panel) and Fig. 2 (cross section) using the following notation:

1 – mineral wool;

2 – foam material.

Figures 1-2 show a combined thermal insulation panel with a mineral wool content of 41% of the total volume, the production of which required 666 blocks of mineral wool measuring 18x18x50 mm.

Carrying out the invention

The combined thermal insulation panel consists of foam material 2 and mineral wool 1. The claimed invention is manufactured by pressing under pressure the two specified components to securely connect the elements to each other without the need to use additional fasteners or glue. With this method of connecting elements, not only the synergistic effect of the proposed material is ensured, but also its resistance to destruction under high loads without the risk of separation of components.

For example, mineral wool bars 1 with the following characteristics:

- compressive strength at 10% linear deformation: 0.045 MPa;

- flammability group: NG;

- vapor permeability: 0.3 mg/(m*h*Pa);

- density: 131 kg/m³;

- thermal conductivity at 25°C: 0.038 W/(m*K);

pressed into polystyrene foam board 2 PSB-S-25 measuring 1000x500xh50 mm with the following characteristics

- compressive strength at 10% linear deformation: 0.08 MPa;

- flammability group: G1;

- vapor permeability: 0.028 mg/(m*h*Pa);

- density: 25 kg/m³;

- thermal conductivity at 25°C: 0.041 W/(m*K).

The combined thermal insulation panel according to the invention, depending on the mineral wool content, will have new characteristics (Table 1, examples 2-4) compared to a mineral wool slab (Table 1, Example 1). According to the data presented in Table 1, when the amount of mineral wool in a combined insulation panel is reduced, the strength and flammability of the latter increase, while its density and vapor permeability decrease, and the thermal conductivity, which is close in value to polystyrene foam, does not change. Thus, depending on the requirements for the insulating material, it is possible to select its optimal composition without negatively affecting its thermal conductivity.

Table 1 Example Size of mineral wool bars, mm Mineral wool content, % of total volume Compressive strength, MPa Flammability group Vapor permeability, mg/(m*h*Pa) Density, kg/m³ Thermal conductivity at 25°С, W/(m*K) 1 -------- 100 0.045 NG 0.3 131 0.038 2 50x50x50 64 0.067 NG 0.2 93 0.04 3 18x18x50 41 0.073 NG 0.15 68 0.04 4 40x40x50 20 0.077 G1 0.1 46 0.04

Claims (2)

1. A combined thermal insulation panel made of foam and mineral wool, characterized in that the thermal insulation panel has a heterogeneous structure and is made by uniformly pressing mineral wool bars into the foam material, and the mineral wool bars and foam have the same thickness, while the amount of mineral wool is in the range from 20 to 80% of the total volume of the insulation sheet. 2. The panel according to claim 1, characterized in that polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, foam concrete, and foam glass can be used as foam material.