RU2280132C1 - Structural sandwich panel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building units, particularly panels adapted to erect enclosing structures for building and building structures and roof coverings.

SUBSTANCE: sandwich panel comprises two metal extreme layers and core part composed of rockwool pieces, which constitute strips parallel to panel axis. Fibers in rockwool are transversal to extreme layers and rockwool piece ends are mutually offset in longitudinal direction. Additional longitudinal filling foamed plastic pieces (made of polyurethane and so on) are additionally laid between rockwool pieces so that the foamed plastic pieces alternate with rockwool pieces. Number of rockwool strips is 1-4. Extreme rockwool strips are formed of rockwool strips. Foamed plastic pieces have thicknesses equal to 1-4 rockwool piece thicknesses. Strip length is equal to panel length.

EFFECT: increased panel strength under the action of different loads, improved fire-resistance and sound-proofing, as well as increased heat-insulating properties and service life, reduced panel weight and costs for panel production.

3 dwg, 5 dwg, 3 ex

Description

The present invention relates to the construction of sandwich-type panels and is used in modern industrial and civil engineering, namely for the manufacture of external enclosing structures, fire walls, heat-insulating and non-load-bearing structures of buildings and structures (walls, panels, internal and external partitions), roofing.

Sandwich panels used in construction must have high thermal insulation properties with a minimum panel thickness, high strength and sound insulation, lightness, fire resistance. The objective of the invention is to provide a sandwich panel structure with all of these properties.

Currently, sandwich-type laminated panels [1] are produced with a central layer made of polystyrene foam (polystyrene foam) or mineral wool. Such a layer of insulation is placed between the outer and inner cladding made of aluminum or steel profiled sheets.

The disadvantage of this design in the case of the use of expanded polystyrene compared with filling foam is lower strength.

In the case of the use of mineral wool - insufficient thermal insulation properties, to ensure that these panels must be made with a thick layer of mineral wool, which increases their weight and cost. And also significantly less strength.

Known panel [2], consisting of sheathing sheets with a fire retardant coating and a middle layer of insulation made of filling foam. The disadvantage of this panel is its low fire resistance.

Closest to the proposed technical solution (prototype) is a sandwich panel [3]. This panel contains a central part made of thin layers of glass wool and two surface layers, for example of sheet metal. The inner layer consists of pieces of glass wool, rotated 90 ° around their longitudinal axis after cutting. To create maximum rigidity in the slab, the orientation of the glass wool fibers is perpendicular to the plane of the panel. After turning the pieces increases the strength of the entire panel in compression, shear and bending. The pieces of the layer are offset longitudinally with respect to adjacent pieces.

The disadvantage of the prototype is low strength, as well as insufficient thermal insulation properties, to increase which it is necessary to significantly increase the thickness of the Central part of the panel, which leads to its weight and cost.

The aim of the invention is to increase the strength of the panel under various types of load while maintaining its sound insulation and fire resistance. In addition, increasing thermal insulation properties, increasing the life of the panel, reducing its weight and reducing costs.

This goal is achieved by the fact that between the strips of pieces of mineral wool additionally introduced strips of filling foam (polyurethane, etc.), and they are introduced sequentially between the groups of strips of mineral wool, while the number of strips of mineral wool in the group is from 1 to 4 The extreme stripes of the panel are made up of pieces of mineral wool. The width of the strip of filling foam (polyurethane, etc.) is (1 ÷ 4) times greater than the width of a piece of mineral wool, and their length is the length of the panel. Strips of filling foam (polyurethane, etc.) with groups of mineral wool strips can alternate both uniformly and unevenly.

The introduction between the strips of mineral wool of strips of pouring polystyrene (polyurethane, etc.) leads to an increase in the strength of the entire panel, since pouring polystyrene has higher strength characteristics, such as elastic modulus E = 260 MPa, shear modulus, bending strength 10 MPa, tensile strength 0.05 MPa. In addition, due to the high adhesion when using this material, hidden cavities, seams and joints in the panel are sealed, which significantly increases its strength and reduces heat loss.

At a density of 70-85 kg / cubic meter. pouring polystyrene has a heat conductivity of 0.03 W / sq.m K, low water absorption, and a service life of 20 years, which is four times higher than the life of mineral wool at a density of 95-140 kg / cubic meter. Thus, due to the introduction of this material, the thermal insulation of the panel increases, its service life increases, and the mass decreases.

Sound insulation and fire resistance of the panel increases in proportion to the number of mineral wool strips in the group, however, when the number of strips in the group exceeds 4, the strength characteristics of the panel become unsatisfactory.

The use of extreme stripes of the panel from pieces of mineral wool enhances the effect of maintaining the fire resistance of the panel, as they serve as a protective barrier between the foam and the open flame.

In the proposed design, the choice of the width of a piece of filling foam within (1 ÷ 4) of the width of a piece of mineral wool is due to the following factors:

- if the width of a piece of filling foam is less than the width of a piece of mineral wool, then the strength and heat-insulating characteristics of the panel increase slightly,

- if the width of a piece of filling foam exceeds the width of a piece of mineral wool by more than 4 times, then its soundproof and fireproof properties become unsatisfactory.

Changing the widths of the strips of mineral wool and filling foam makes it possible to change the quantitative ratio of the volume of these materials in the panel, which allows you to change the properties of the panel. With an increase in the amount of mineral wool, maximum sound insulation and fire resistance are achieved, and with an increase in the amount of filling foam, maximum strength, maximum thermal insulation characteristics, the least weight of the panel, and the maximum life of the panel are achieved.

If the sum of the widths of the mineral wool strips is equal to the sum of the widths of the strips of pouring polystyrene, then the quantitative ratio by volume of these materials in the panel is 1: 1, while the optimal properties of the panel are achieved.

The uniform alternation of strips allows you to achieve maximum strength at any quantitative ratio of materials by volume in the panel.

With a uniform alternation of strips of filling foam with groups of strips of mineral wool, it is preferable to observe the following quantitative ratios in terms of the volume of these materials in the panel: 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3, 2: 1, 2: 3, 3: 2, 3: 1 . With other ratios, some properties of the panel become unsatisfactory, for example, it is impossible to achieve both high strength and sound insulation.

In case of uneven alternation of strips of filling foam with groups of strips of mineral wool, the declared properties of the panel are preserved at such quantitative ratios in terms of the volume of these materials: 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3, 1: 4, 2: 1, 2: 3, 2: 5, 2: 7, 3: 1, 3: 2, 3: 4, 3: 5, 3: 7, 4: 1, 4: 3, 4: 5, 4: 7, 5: 2, 5: 3, 5: 4, 5: 6, 5: 7, 6: 5, 6: 7, 7: 2, 7: 3, 7: 4, 7: 5, 7: 6.

Also, with uneven striping, the cost of the panel is significantly reduced when the quantitative ratio of materials by volume changes, because it is possible to change the quantitative ratio of materials only by changing the number of mineral wool strips, without changing the number of filling foam strips or reducing the number of filling foam strips to the minimum possible value (one or two), which greatly simplifies the process of reconfiguring the equipment. In addition, when changing the quantitative ratio of materials by volume in the panel, the location of the mineral wool and pouring foam strips must be partially changed, i.e. there is no need to redistribute all the locations of the strips, as is done with their uniform arrangement, which also simplifies the process.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

figure 1 shows the claimed panel, side view;

figure 2 shows a longitudinal section aa of the claimed panel;

figure 3 shows a cross section bB of the claimed panel with uniform alternation of a group of mineral wool strips and filling foam strips and a quantitative ratio by volume of these materials in the center layer of the panel 3: 2;

figure 4 shows a transverse section bB of the claimed panel with uneven alternation of a group of mineral wool strips and filling foam strips and a quantitative ratio by volume of these materials in the central layer of the panel 1: 1;

figure 5 shows a transverse section bB of the claimed panel with an uneven alternation of a group of mineral wool strips and filling foam strips and a quantitative ratio by volume of these materials in the center layer of the panel 2: 3.

The proposed panel with a width W and a thickness T consists of two surface layers of metal 1 and a central part 2, composed of pieces of mineral wool 3, length L and width j, which comprise groups of longitudinal strips and alternate with strips of pouring foam 4, width k (Fig. .1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3). The ends 5 of the pieces of mineral wool in the panel (figure 1, figure 2) are offset longitudinally with respect to each other.

In one embodiment of the manufacture of the panel with a uniform alternation of materials in the Central layer of the panel, in each group of mineral wool an equal number of strips (see figure 3).

Example 1. The proposed panel was made in accordance with figure 3 with the following parameter values: W = 1000 mm, T = 150 mm, L = 6 m, j = 100 mm, k = 200 mm. This panel has the following properties: R _w = 57 dB, ρ = 89 kg / m ^3, λ = 0,321 Kcal / (h · m · ° C), R _SJ = 1.02 kgf / cm ^2, R _mfd = 0, 96 kgf / cm ² , E 30, where

R _w , dB - sound insulation index of airborne noise;

ρ, kg / m ³ - density (bulk mass);

λ, kcal / (h · m · ° С) - thermal conductivity;

R _compress , kgf / cm ² - ultimate compressive strength at 10% deformation;

R _izg / kgf / cm ² - tensile strength in bending;

E, min - loss of integrity under the influence of a flame.

In one embodiment of manufacturing a panel with an uneven alternation of strips in a group, when the ratio of materials in the central layer of the panel is 1: 1, the sum of the widths j of strips of mineral wool 3 is equal to the sum of the widths of k strips of filling foam 4, while the number of strips of mineral wool is different groups (see figure 4).

Example 2. The proposed panel was made in accordance with figure 4 with the following parameter values: W = 1200 mm, T = 150 mm, L = 6 m, j = 100 mm, k = 350 mm. This panel has the following properties: R _w = 40 dB, ρ = 77.1 kg / m ³ , λ = 0.296 kcal / (h · m · ° С), R _cr = 1.12 kgf / cm ² , R _ar = 1.05 kgf / cm ² , E 30.

In another embodiment, the manufacture of a panel with an uneven alternation of materials in the central layer of the panel (see Fig. 5), for example, when switching from a quantitative ratio of materials 1: 1 to 2: 3, a decrease in the volume of mineral wool occurs due to a decrease in the number of bands in the group, the width of the strip j remains constant (at any ratio of materials), and the increase in the amount of filling foam occurs only due to a change in the width of the strip k, while the number of stripes of filling foam remains unchanged th, as is evident from Figure 5.

Example 3. The proposed panel was made in accordance with figure 5 with the following parameter values: W = 1200 mm, T = 150 mm, L = 6 m, j = 100 mm, k = 400 mm. This panel has the following properties: R _w = 33 dB, ρ = 71.7 kg / m ³ , λ = 0.285 kcal / (h · m · ° С), R _cr = 1.17 kgf / cm ² , R _ar = 1.1 kgf / cm ² , E 30.

The proposed panel can be made of the following materials. The following types of metal sheets can be used as surface layers:

- both sheets are smooth;

- one smooth sheet, and the second profiled;

- both sheets are profiled,

for example, galvanized painted sheet steel grades S 280 GD + Z275 or S 320 GD + Z275 manufactured by the concern "RAUTARUUKKI GROUP" (Finland).

For the manufacture of the central part of the panels, pieces of mineral wool, manufactured by IZOMAT a.s., can be used. (Slovakia) brand "Ts".

As filling foam, polyurethane, polystyrene, and polyethylene can be used.

To obtain panels, a production line is used as part of a polyurethane mixing station with two mixing heads, a multi-story press, and computer-controlled equipment for processing metal coating panels of the entire equipment complex (OY Enersa Ltd).

The panels are manufactured in a continuous way on a multi-position panel production line that allows the simultaneous unwinding and molding of metal sheathing tapes with its profiling, applying and mixing a two-component adhesive composition, heating to a gluing temperature, gluing surface layers to strips of pieces of mineral wool, pouring polyurethane between the mineral wool strips, the formation of the edges of the surface layers, the grooves of the butt joint and the gap Headers to the required length.

Pieces of mineral wool of a given thickness are manually fed to the feed rolls, which capture it and join previous workpieces with subsequent ones.

The supply of the central heat-insulating layer of mineral wool is fed into the process stream in sections so that the ends of the pieces are offset longitudinally with respect to each other.

When supplying mineral wool pieces, their constituent fibers should be oriented perpendicular to the surface layers of metal, and the longitudinal axis of the pieces parallel to the longitudinal axis of the panel. Stacked pieces form mineral wool strips over the entire length of the panel, and cavities are formed between them for further pouring polyurethane.

For joining metal sheathing sheets with mineral wool strips, a foaming two-component composition based on a polyurethane base of the Macroplast UK 8590 B 1-21 brand manufactured by Henkel Teroson GmbH. Industrial Adhesives (Germany) is used. The composition includes a resin part and a hardener.

The EnerSa polyurethane multi-program high-pressure machine produces and, using the mixing head, pours polyurethane into the formed cavities between the mineral wool strips. As a result of a chemical reaction, stable solid masses are formed in the areas of connection with metal and with mineral wool strips, with a density in these areas of 1.2 g / cm ³ , and in the middle, the polyurethane foams and becomes porous, with a density of 0.4 g / cm ³ . Polyurethane qualities correspond to rigid foam according to DIN 7726, and its mechanical properties practically do not change in the temperature range from -50 ° С to + 115 ° С.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. The analogue. RF patent No. 2156340, IPC E 04 C 2/292, E 04 C 2/32, E 04 B 1/80, priority 1999.08.06. Sandwich type construction panel (options).

2. The analogue. RF patent No. 2032538, IPC B 28 V 5/04, B 29 C 39/20, priority 1990.06.29. Line for the manufacture of fencing panels.

3. The prototype. RF patent No. 2066635, IPC B 28 V 1/52, E 04 C 2/24, priority 1991.02.22. Method and device for the continuous manufacture of sandwich panels.

Claims (3)

1. A sandwich panel comprising two surface layers of metal and a central part composed of pieces of mineral wool constituting longitudinal strips, the longitudinal axes of the pieces are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the panel, and the orientation of the fibers in the pieces is perpendicular to the plane of the surface layers, the ends of the pieces are offset longitudinally with respect to to each other, characterized in that between the strips of pieces of mineral wool additionally introduced longitudinal strips of filling foam, and they are introduced sequentially between the groups of strips miner Flax wool, the amount of mineral wool strips in the group is from 1 to 4, wherein the marginal strip panel composed of mineral wool pieces, and the width of the pour foam strips is (1 ÷ 4) the width of the mineral wool piece and bands length of panel length. 2. The sandwich panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the strip of filling foam with groups of bands of mineral wool alternate evenly. 3. The sandwich panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the strip of filling foam with groups of bands of mineral wool alternate unevenly.

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