RU2767837C1 - Construction panel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction materials.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices of sandwich-type construction panels used in industrial and civil construction for the manufacture of external enclosing structures of walls, coverings and floors, including underfloor heating, and is intended for prefabricated buildings in the Arctic, Antarctica, the Far North and the Far East, in areas with permafrost soils and low outdoor temperatures, as well as in areas with a temperate climate. In the installation of the construction panel of the heat-protective fence of a building or structure for underfloor heating, including external and internal cladding made of aluminum or steel profiled sheets, and a layer of insulation made of polystyrene foam or mineral wool placed between them, heat distribution plates with pipes laid in them are placed between the outer cladding and the insulation layer, containing refrigerant under pressure and combined in a sealed circuit with pipes going inside the room for connection to the refrigeration unit as an evaporator, while heat distribution plates with pipes stacked in them containing refrigerant under pressure and combined in a sealed circuit with pipes going inside the room for connection to the refrigeration unit as a condenser are placed between the inner lining and the insulation layer, and the pipes for connection to the refrigeration unit are equipped with shut-off valves with plugs, and the pipes are filled with refrigerant.

EFFECT: expansion of the range of solutions for construction works in the permafrost regions.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices of building sandwich panels used in industrial and civil construction, namely for the manufacture of external enclosing structures of walls, coatings and floors, including underfloor heating.

Priority areas of application of the invention are prefabricated public, industrial and administrative buildings and structures of enterprises of various ministries and departments located in the Arctic regions, in the regions of the Far North and the Far East, in areas with permafrost soils and low outdoor temperatures, as well as in areas with a temperate climate.

Well-known building wall and floor sandwich panels of the external heat-shielding enclosure of a building or structure (walls, floors, coatings), consisting of external and internal skins made of aluminum or steel profiled sheets, and placed between them a layer of insulation made of polystyrene foam based on polystyrene, mineral wool or from alternating layers of mineral wool and casting foam (polyurethane). Between themselves, wall sandwich panels are securely connected with a special lock. The width of the panels produced by the industry is: from 1000 to 1200 mm. Panel thickness: from 50 mm to 250 mm, length - up to 20 m.

Building sandwich panels have high strength and sound insulation, low weight, fire resistance, simplify and speed up construction.

The disadvantage of the known device building heat-insulating sandwich panels is the fundamental impossibility to completely eliminate heat loss through the building envelope, which leads to a large consumption of energy for heating with simultaneous release of thermal energy into the environment.

Well-known heat-distributing plates for water-heated floor FOAMSHIELD (https://santerm-ural.ru/p276298178-teploraspredelitelnye-plastiny-dlya.html), which are intended for use in dry floor heating systems, without the use of a cement screed. The disadvantage of these plates, made of galvanized steel or aluminum, is the high complexity of their installation at the construction site and the inability to use them in the construction of prefabricated buildings.

A building sandwich panel is known from the prior art, including two surface layers of metal and a central part made of pieces of mineral wool constituting longitudinal strips, the longitudinal axes of the pieces are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the panel, and the orientation of the fibers in the pieces is perpendicular to the plane of the surface layers, the ends of the pieces are displaced longitudinally with respect to each other, moreover, between the strips of pieces of mineral wool, longitudinal strips of casting foam are additionally introduced, and they are introduced sequentially between groups of mineral wool strips, the number of mineral wool strips in the group is from 1 to 4, while the extreme strips of the panel are made up of pieces of mineral wool, and the width of the strip of casting foam is (1÷4) from the width of a piece of mineral wool, and the length of the strips is the length of the panel, patent RU 2004133195, building sandwich panel, published: 2006.04.20. IPC E04C 2/24(2006.01), E04C 2/292.

This invention, in terms of the totality of features, is a prototype of the claimed device for thermal insulation of buildings and structures.

The disadvantage of the prototype are significant heat loss to the environment.

The technical task of the proposed device is to eliminate these shortcomings, reduce the complexity of construction, improve the quality of installation of a heat-shielding fence.

The solution of the set technical problem and the achievement of the desired result are ensured by the fact that in the claimed device of the construction panel of the external heat-shielding fence of a building or structure (walls, floors, coatings), including the outer and inner skins, made of aluminum or steel profiled sheets, and placed between them a layer of insulation made of polystyrene foam or mineral wool,

between the outer skin and the insulation layer there are heat-distributing plates with pipes laid in them, containing a refrigerant under pressure, and combined into a sealed circuit with pipes going inside the room for connecting to a refrigeration unit as an evaporator, and between the inner skin and the insulation layer there are heat-distributing plates with pipes containing a refrigerant laid in them and combined into a sealed circuit with branch pipes going inside the room for connecting to a refrigeration plant as a condenser, moreover, pipe branches for connecting to a refrigeration plant are equipped with stopcocks with plugs, and the pipes are filled with refrigerant.

The technical result of the proposed device is to reduce construction time and improve the quality of installation of a heat-shielding fence of a building or structure, reduce heat loss through building envelopes, reduce energy consumption for heating while reducing harmful emissions into the environment (thermal energy, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides).

The reason for the expediency of using the proposed device for thermal insulation of buildings and structures in the regions of the Arctic, in the regions of the Far North and the Far East, in areas with permafrost soils and with low outside temperatures is the need to reduce the time and labor intensity of construction in these areas and reduce the cost of energy resources for heating buildings and structures while reducing the environmental burden on the environment in the form of emissions of thermal energy and harmful substances in accordance with the State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic for the period up to 2035.

The advantages of the claimed device for thermal insulation of buildings and structures are:

- reduction of labor intensity and terms of construction of buildings and structures,

- improving the quality and reliability of the heat-protective fencing of buildings and structures,

- reduction of heat losses of buildings and structures through heat-protective fences,

- reducing the cost of energy resources for heating buildings and structures,

- reduction of ecological load on the environment,

- the possibility of effective use in the Arctic zone and in areas with a temperate climate.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings and examples.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the proposed device for a wall, roof or floor sandwich panel of a “cold” (not heated) floor, according to which heat-distributing plates with pipes containing refrigerant under pressure are placed between the outer skin and the insulation layer of the sandwich panel, and combined into a sealed circuit with branch pipes going inside the room for connection to a refrigeration unit as an evaporator.

Figure 1 shows:

outer 1 and inner 3 skins made of aluminum or steel profiled sheets, a layer 2 of mineral wool insulation placed between them, pipes 4 laid in heat-distributing plates 5, which are placed between the insulation layer 2 and the outer skin 1, shut-off valves 6.7 for connecting pipes 4 to the refrigeration unit as an evaporator.

The device works as follows.

During the heating season (cold period of the year), a vapor-liquid mixture of a refrigerant with a boiling point equal to or close to the outside air temperature enters the pipes 4 through an open shut-off valve 6. When the air temperature inside the building is +20°C and the outside air temperature is, for example, minus 10°C, the heat flow through the sandwich panel is proportional to the temperature difference, in this case equal to 30°C. Most of this heat flow is transferred during heat transfer to heat distribution plates 5 and pipes 4 and is spent on boiling the refrigerant, the vapors of which then carry away the absorbed energy to the refrigeration unit, and then the heat is transferred from it to the internal air of the heated room. Thus, the heat of the internal air, which has gone through the sandwich panel, is intercepted by pipes 4 and heat-distributing plates 5 and returns inside the heated room with refrigerant vapor, thereby reducing the heat load on the heating system. At the same time, the outer surface of the sandwich panel has a temperature of the outer skin 1 equal to the outside air temperature (minus 10°C), and for this reason, the heat flow from the building to the outside through the surfaces covered by the sandwich panel is close to zero.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of the proposed installation of a floor sandwich panel for warm (heated) floors, according to which:

- between the outer skin and the insulation layer there are heat-distributing plates with pipes laid in them, containing a refrigerant under pressure, and combined into a sealed circuit with branch pipes going inside the room for connection to a refrigeration unit as an evaporator,

- between the inner lining and the insulation layer there are heat-distributing plates with pipes laid in them, containing a refrigerant under pressure, and combined into a sealed circuit with branch pipes going inside the room for connecting to a refrigeration unit as a condenser.

Figure 2 shows:

outer 1 and inner 3 skins made of aluminum or steel profiled sheets, a layer 2 of mineral wool insulation placed between them, as well as:

- pipes 4 laid in heat-distributing plates 6, which are placed between the insulation layer 2 and the outer skin 1, shut-off valves 10 and 11 (two valves) for connecting pipes 4 to the refrigeration unit as an evaporator,

- pipes 5 laid in heat-distributing plates 7, which are placed between the insulation layer 2 and the inner lining 3, shut-off valves 8 and 9 (two valves) for connecting pipes 5 to the refrigeration unit as a condenser.

The device works as follows.

During the heating season (cold period of the year), a vapor-liquid mixture of a refrigerant with a boiling point equal to or close to the outside air temperature enters the pipes 4 through an open shut-off valve 10. When the air temperature inside the building is +20°C and the outside air temperature is, for example, minus 10°C, the heat flow through the sandwich panel is proportional to the temperature difference, in this case equal to 30°C. Most of this heat flow is transferred in the process of heat transfer to heat distribution plates 6 and pipes 4 and is spent on boiling the refrigerant, the vapor of which then carries away the absorbed energy to the refrigeration unit, and then the heat is transferred from the hot refrigerant vapor to heat consumers.

Thus, the heat of the internal air, which has gone through the sandwich panel, is intercepted by pipes 4 and heat distribution plates 6 and returns inside the heated room with refrigerant vapor, thereby reducing the heat load on the heating system. The refrigerant vapor is sucked in by the compressor, compressed, enters the pipes 5 through the pipe 8, heating them and the heat distribution plates 7 to a condensation temperature that exceeds the temperature of the internal air by several degrees (usually by 5-10 ° C). The hot surfaces of heat-distributing plates 7 and copper pipes 5 heat the warm floor, but part of the heat energy goes towards the outer skin 1, is captured by pipes 4 and heat-distributing plates 6. A significant part of the heat energy passing through the sandwich panel from the inner surface of the building to its outer surface , circulates repeatedly around the circuit: compressor - pipe 8 - pipes 5 and heat distribution plates 7 - heat-insulating layer of the sandwich panel 2 - pipes 4 and heat distribution plates 6 - pipe 11 - compressor. The implementation of this process requires the cost of electricity to drive the compressor, which is located inside the building and releases the thermal equivalent of the consumed electricity inside the building. This heat is partially compensated for by heat losses through those sections of the building fencing that are not protected by the proposed sandwich panels, and other types of heat loss. Such areas are: windows, gates and doors, ventilation equipment, heat losses with domestic wastewater, etc.

On fig. Figure 3 shows the scheme and ratios of heat flows through the fences of a prefabricated building using standard and proposed wall and floor sandwich panels on the example of the construction of a prefabricated warm warehouse. Object characteristic:

Number of floors one Width, m twenty Length, m thirty Height, m five roof type gable wind region 2 snow area 3 seismicity 6 floors Heated, with ventilated underground Walls Sandwich panels

Figure 3 shows:

1 - walls and floor, made using the proposed wall and floor sandwich panels, 2 - coating, made using ceiling commercially produced sandwich panels, 3 - air heater of the heating system, 4 - compressor unit, 5 - direction of heat flow through the outdoor fence: numerator - normative heat loss with the compressor off, denominator - actual heat loss with the compressor on.

Example 1. Wall panel (Fig. 1)

In this example, the thickness of the thermal insulation layer 2 of the wall panel is determined in accordance with SNiP 23-02-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings", and the value of the heat transfer resistance of the sandwich panel is: R _reg =6.4 m2⋅°C/W. Suppose that in the immediate vicinity of a building or structure, temperature sensors record a negative outdoor temperature of minus 10°C, while the internal air temperature is plus 20°C. In this case, a vapor-liquid mixture of a refrigerant with a boiling point of minus 10°C enters the pipes 4 from the refrigeration unit through the branch pipe 6. At the same time, the heat flow through the mineral wool layer 2 complies with the regulatory requirements, but all heat losses are transferred to heat-distributing plates 5 and copper pipes 4 and then return with refrigerant vapor through the pipe 7 inside the building. In this example, the outdoor air temperature and the temperature on the outer skin 1 of the sandwich panel are close in magnitude, and for this reason, the heat flux from the building to the environment is close to 0.

Therefore, the heat exchange between the environment and the outer skin of the sandwich panel is significantly reduced (temperature difference is equal to or close to 0), which leads to a positive effect:

- the complexity of the construction of the building is reduced due to the use of the proposed building wall and / or roofing sandwich panels for its external heat-shielding fence,

- reduced energy consumption for heating the building,

- the ecological load on the environment is reduced.

Note: at outdoor temperatures below the lower limit of the operating temperature range of the refrigeration unit, it is turned off, and the thermal protection of the building is characterized by standard parameters.

Example 2. Underfloor heating panel (Fig. 2)

In this example, the thickness of the thermal insulation layer 2 is determined in accordance with SNiP 23-02-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings", and the value of the heat transfer resistance of the sandwich panel is: R _reg =6.4 m ² ⋅°C/W.

Suppose that in the immediate vicinity of a building or structure, temperature sensors record a negative outdoor temperature of minus 10°C, while the internal air temperature is plus 20°C. In this case, a vapor-liquid mixture of a refrigerant with a boiling point of minus 10°C enters the pipes 4 from the refrigeration unit. At the same time, the heat flow through the mineral wool layer 2 complies with the regulatory requirements, but all heat losses are transferred to heat-distributing plates 6 and pipes 4 and then with refrigerant vapor through the pipe 11 return to the inside of the building. In this example, the outdoor air temperature and the temperature on the outer skin 1 of the sandwich panel are close in magnitude, and for this reason, the heat flux from the building to the environment is close to 0. Therefore, the heat exchange between the environment and the outer skin of the sandwich panel is significantly reduced (temperature pressure is close to 0).

The refrigerant vapor leaving the compressor of the refrigeration unit is sent to pipes 5 and heat distribution plates 7, where they condense, giving off the heat of condensation to heat flows in two directions: up, to heat underfloor heating, and down, to cold pipes 4 and distribution plates 6 under the influence of temperature difference. The vapor condensation temperature inside the pipes 5 is maintained at the standard level for underfloor heating using a condensation pressure regulator according to the invention according to the application "Device of the floor heating system of buildings and structures", reg. No. 2021104090 dated February 18, 2021 (entry No. 008902).

Example 3. Scheme of heat flows (Fig. 3)

When the compressor is off, the normative temperature of the internal air of the warm warehouse is maintained automatically by means of a heating system with an electric air heater equipped with a power regulator. Heat loss to the environment in this case is equal to 8 kW, heat loss compensation is carried out due to the operation of the heating system with a power consumption of 8 kW.

When the compressor is on, heat losses to the environment occur only through the coating and amount to 2.8 kW, heat loss compensation is carried out due to the electricity consumed by the compressor, equal to 2.35 kW and the heating system (with a power consumption of 0.45 kW).

Thus, turning on the compressor leads to a decrease in thermal emissions by 5.2 kW (by 65%) and at the same time to a decrease in power consumption for heating the building by 5.2 kW (by 65%), and the proposed arrangement of building panels allows them to be used for construction prefabricated buildings with high quality and in the shortest possible time.

Claims (3)

1. A construction panel of a heat-shielding fence of a building or structure for underfloor heating, including outer and inner skins made of aluminum or steel profiled sheets, and a layer of insulation made of polystyrene-based foam or mineral wool placed between them, characterized in that between heat-distributing plates with pipes laid in them, containing refrigerant under pressure, and combined into a sealed circuit with branch pipes going inside the room for connection to a refrigeration unit as an evaporator, are placed by the outer casing and a layer of insulation. 2. The construction panel of the heat-shielding fence of a building or structure for underfloor heating according to claim 1, characterized in that heat-distributing plates are placed between the inner lining and the insulation layer with pipes containing a refrigerant laid in them and combined into a sealed circuit with branch pipes going inside the room for connection to a refrigeration plant as a condenser. 3. Construction panel of thermal protection for underfloor heating according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the pipes for connecting to the refrigeration unit are equipped with stopcocks with plugs, and the pipes are filled with refrigerant.

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