EP1072168B1 - Anneaux de mise en court-circuit pour circuits d'attaque de haut-parleurs a deux bobines et a deux entrefers - Google Patents

Anneaux de mise en court-circuit pour circuits d'attaque de haut-parleurs a deux bobines et a deux entrefers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1072168B1
EP1072168B1 EP99913989A EP99913989A EP1072168B1 EP 1072168 B1 EP1072168 B1 EP 1072168B1 EP 99913989 A EP99913989 A EP 99913989A EP 99913989 A EP99913989 A EP 99913989A EP 1072168 B1 EP1072168 B1 EP 1072168B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic
annular
pole piece
voice coil
yoke
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99913989A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1072168A4 (fr
EP1072168A1 (fr
Inventor
Douglas J. Button
Ralph E. Hyde
Alex V. Salvatti
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Harman Professional Inc
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JBL Inc
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Publication of EP1072168A4 publication Critical patent/EP1072168A4/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2209/00—Details of transducers of the moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type covered by H04R9/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2209/022—Aspects regarding the stray flux internal or external to the magnetic circuit, e.g. shielding, shape of magnetic circuit, flux compensation coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2209/00—Details of transducers of the moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type covered by H04R9/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2209/041—Voice coil arrangements comprising more than one voice coil unit on the same bobbin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electromagnetic transducers and actuators, and more particularly it relates to improvements in loudspeaker drivers of the type having dual voice coils axially located in corresponding dual annular magnetic air gaps on a common axis.
  • the present inventors have found that the dual-voice-coil dual-gap type offers advantages with regard to linearity, efficiency, available voice coil excursion, power compression, heat dissipation and maximum sound pressure output capability. Furthermore they have found that certain benefits of the dual-coil dual-gap approach can be further enhanced by introducing shorting rings in the region of the two magnetic gaps near the voice coils.
  • Japanese patent 61-137496 to Okada introduces a conductive annular plate in a speaker magnet structure to prevent burning of a voice coil and to prevent an eddy current giving adverse influences to a voice coil current.
  • U.S. patent 5,381,483 to Grau discloses a minimal inductance electrodynamic transducer having ferromagnetic shunting rings coated with a highly conductive material to increase the induced current carrying capacity of the transducer.
  • U.S. patent 3,830,986 to Yamamuro discloses a MAGNETIC CIRCUIT FOR AN ELECTRO-ACOUSTIC CONVERTER having an air gap formed of a magnetic material laminated with a conductive layer for acting as shorting rings to decrease the inductance of the voice coil.
  • Japanese patent WO 81/02501 discloses a MAGNETIC CIRCUIT FOR AN ELECTRO-MECHANICAL TRANSDUCER OF A DYNAMIC ELECTRICITY TYPE wherein compensating coils or conductors within the magnetic gaps are supplied with signal current to prevent disturbances in the magnetic field.
  • Japanese patent 198208 discloses an ELECTROMAGNETIC CONVERTER wherein a magnetic ring is located in the air gap so that it can be moved axially between a circumferential yoke and a center yoke to provide good conversion efficiency by using a hollow disk permanent magnet that is magnetized in different poles at the center and external circumference.
  • U.S. patent 3,783,311 to Sato et al discloses a MAGNETIC DEVICE FOR USE IN ACOUSTIC APPARATUS wherein a metallic member in a voice coil gap permits the lines of magnetic force to move substantially in one direction only, for distortion reduction.
  • Patents that disclose dual voice coil dual magnetic gap drivers/actuators include U.S. patents 4,612,592 to Frandsen , 5,231,336 to Van Namen , and French patent 1,180,456 to Kritter ; however these do not disclose the use of shorting rings.
  • U.S. patent 4,914,707 to Kato et al for a BALANCE VEHICULAR SPEAKER SYSTEM suggests attaching a shorting ring to a coil of a dual-coil dual-gap front speaker in a vehicle to decrease the high frequency impedance as an alternative to connecting a resistor in series with a rear speaker, for purposes of making the impedance of the rear speaker higher than that of the front one.
  • the International Patent Application WO 96/33592 A describes a dual coil drive with a multipurpose housing.
  • the present invention thus, provides a loudspeaker driver structure according to claim 1.
  • the shorting rings have no effect on a steady state magnetic field but act in opposition to any change in flux density or any displacement of the flux lines such as those that occur under the loading imposed when the voice coils are driven hard with audio frequency current.
  • the location of the shorting rings determines their effect: location close to a voice coil reduces the voice coil inductance, location entirely within the magnetic flux loop centerline favors reduction of second harmonic and higher order even harmonic distortion, a centered location on the flux loop centerline, i.e. centered in the magnetic gap, favors reduction of third harmonic and higher odd order harmonic distortion, while location outside the flux loop centerline but near the voice coil acts generally to reduce harmonic distortion.
  • a plurality of rings can be differently located so as to optimally suppress both even and odd order harmonic distortion and reduce the voice coil inductance.
  • FIGs. 1-12 are basic functional representations of a dualgap dual-voice-coil loudspeaker driver, shown in half crosssection with a voice coil assembly 10 carrying voice coils 10A and 10B suspended in a pair of magnetized air gaps formed from a permanent magnet M disposed between a first steel pole piece N, at the north pole of magnet M and a second steel pole S at the south pole of magnet M, and a yoke 12 which is made of magnetic material and which can be considered to define, in effect, a pair of pole pieces that would substantially mirror the articulated pole pieces N and S of magnet M and thus form the two magnetic gaps.
  • the magnetic system of the foregoing structure sets up a magnetic flux loop in the path shown as a dashed line, i.e. flux loop center line 14, which is typically centered within each magnetic gap and within each voice coil 10A and 10B.
  • Voice coil assembly 10 is constrained by well known spring suspension diaphragm structure (not shown) so that it travels axially, typically driving a conventional speaker cone diaphragm (not shown) in response to AC (alternating current) applied to coils 10A and 10B, in accordance with the well known Right Hand Rule of electro-magnetic mechanics and in the general manner of loudspeakers, the two coils being phase-connected accordingly.
  • the half cross-section shown in FIGs. 1-12 represents a coaxial loudspeaker motor structure that can have either of two basic configurations that are inverse of each other:
  • a common inherent shortcoming in loudspeakers is that the magnetic flux in the region of the voice coil(s) is subject to pattern deformation or modulation as a reaction to drive current in the voice coil(s); this in turn can distort the acoustic output as well as increase the inductance of the coil winding(s), altering the frequency response.
  • shorting/shunting rings of highly conductive metal such as copper in the vicinity of the magnetic air gap of conventional single coil drivers can provide benefits by acting to stabilize the magnetic flux against such perturbation from modulation due to voice coil current.
  • Such shorting rings have no effect on the flux pattern as long as it remains constant and stationary, however the rings react with an internal flow of current that opposes any change in the flux pattern such as would be caused by the drive current in the voice coils, thus the rings can substantially reduce distortion in the acoustic output.
  • a shorting ring located near a voice coil tends to reduce the inductance of the voice coil.
  • the present inventors in research directed to improvements in dual-gap dual-coil transducer drivers, have identified key locations and configurations for such shorting rings, particularly with regard to distortion reduction, and have developed such locations and configurations for reducing second and/or third harmonic distortion selectively.
  • FIGs. 1-3 show locations of tubular-shaped shorting rings Shat are located within the flux loop as defined by its center line 14 and that therefore act in a manner to reduce even order harmonic distortion including particularly second harmonic distortion in accordance with the present invention.
  • the tubular shorting ring 16A is located adjacent to permanent magnet M, essentially extending between the two pole pieces N and S in a location adjacent to voice coil assembly 10 and entirely within the flux loop defined by center line 14.
  • the tubular shorting ring 16B is embedded in a recessed region of yoke 12, essentially extends between the two yoke pole pieces in a location adjacent to voice coil assembly 10 and entirely within the flux loop defined by center line 14.
  • two rings are incorporated in a driver unit: ring 16A, as in FIG. 1 and ring 16B, as in FIG. 2 ; since both rings are located within the flux loop defined by center line 14, the even order harmonic distortion suppression is greater than in either FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 .
  • FIGs. 4 and 5 show locations of annular shorting rings 16D and 16E configured as disks that have an edge positioned close to the voice coils of assembly 10 and that, being located outside the flux loop center line 14, act generally to reduce harmonic distortion and reduce voice coil inductance in accordance with the present invention.
  • a first pair of shorting.rings 16C are located on the outer surfaces of pole pieces N and S respectively and a second pair of shorting rings 16D are located on each end of yoke 12, all having an edge in close proximity to the voice coils of assembly 10.
  • the shorting rings 16C and 16D are shaped as annular disks, i.e. flat washers, however, depending on the configuration, i.e. whether CL1 or CL2 is the central axis, the pair of shorting rings that are centered on the axis need not have a central hole and thus could be shaped simply as circular disks.
  • two shorting rings 16E are fitted in the outer corners of yoke 12, in close proximity to the voice coils of assembly 10, but outside the flux loop as defined by center line 14.
  • FIGs. 6 and 7 show configurations with shorting ring locations near the voice coils both inside and outside the flux loop as defined by center line 14, thus acting mainly to suppress second harmonics and higher order even harmonics and to reduce voice coil inductance.
  • two shorting rings 16F' are located in the inner corners of each of the magnet pole pieces N and S, within the flux loop and acting mainly on even order harmonics, while two rings 16F are located in the outer corners of the magnet pole pieces N and S and two rings 16E are located in the outer corners of the yoke, as in FIG. 5 , these four rings, being located outside the flux loop but close to the voice coils of assembly 10, will thus acting generally to reduce harmonic distortion and reduce the inductance of the voice coils.
  • FIG. 7 a total of eight rings are deployed; a pair of shorting rings 16G and 16G' embedded in each of the pole pieces N and S as shown, and two corresponding pairs of shorting rings 16H and 16H' embedded in corresponding locations in yoke 12, so that four of the rings are inside the flux loop and the other four are outside the flux loop.
  • FIGs. 8-10 show shorting rings located substantially centered on the flux loop center line 14: this is the optimal location for suppression of odd order harmonics, particularly third harmonics.
  • shorting rings 16J and 16K are embedded in a center location, one each in all four pole pieces defining the two magnetic gaps, substantially centered on the flux loop center line 14.
  • the total faces of poles N and S are configured with laminated shorting ring structures 16L, and corresponding laminated shorting ring structures 16H are embedded in the upper pole piece regions of yoke 12 adjacent the voice coils as shown.
  • These laminated shorting ring structures 16L and 16H consist of sheets of electrically conductive metal (typically copper or aluminum) interleaved with magnetic grade steel laminations.
  • FIG. 10 depicts essentially an unlaminated version of FIG. 9 : lower faces of pole pieces N and S are fitted with shorting rings 16P of tubular shape, and yoke 12 is fitted with embedded shorting rings 16Q of tubular shape, somewhat longer than rings 16P and thus extending inwardly from the outer corners past the voice coils of assembly 10, acting to lower the voice coil inductance as well as to reduce harmonic distortion optimally.
  • a single tubular shorting ring 16R extending full length of the magnet assembly including a surface layer added onto the faces of pole pieces N and S close to the voice coils, thus acting to reduce voice coil inductance as well as to reduce harmonic distortion.
  • FIG. 12 depicts essentially a version of FIG. 11 with the tubular shorting ring 16S deployed as a surface layer extending full length along the upper surface of yoke 12 including its pole regions, close to the voice coils, thus providing further reduction in voice coil inductance.
  • FIGs. 10-12 Alternative viable combinations of FIGs. 10-12 include: ring 16R ( FIG. 11 ) deployed in place of rings 16P in FIG. 10 ; ring 16S ( FIG. 12 ) deployed in place of rings 16Q in FIG. 10 ; ring 16S ( Fig. 12 ) deployed in yoke 12 in FIG. 11 .
  • Shorting rings are most effective in reducing harmonic distortion in the audio frequency range 200 to 2,000 Hertz.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Structure de moteur de haut-parleur, destinée à entraîner un diaphragme pouvant vibrer pour produire du son, comprenant :
    des première et seconde bobines acoustiques annulaires similaires (10A, 10B), disposées bout à bout et espacées l'une de l'autre sur un corps de bobine acoustique tubulaire en tant que partie d'un ensemble de bobine acoustique coaxiale (10) qui est disposé autour d'un axe central, en couplage d'entraînement avec le diaphragme et contraint élastiquement pour ne pouvoir vibrer que dans une direction longitudinale de l'axe ;
    des première et deuxième pièces polaires magnétiques annulaires, configurées et agencées comme une paire d'interfaçage formant un premier entrefer magnétique annulaire traversant une partie annulaire prédéterminée de ladite première bobine acoustique (10A) ;
    des troisième et quatrième pièces polaires magnétiques annulaires, configurées et agencées comme une paire d'interfaçage formant un second entrefer magnétique annulaire traversant une partie annulaire prédéterminée de ladite seconde bobine acoustique (10B) ;
    un aimant permanent présentant un premier pôle magnétique dirigé vers ladite première pièce polaire, et présentant un second pôle magnétique dirigé vers ladite troisième pièce polaire ;
    une culasse magnétique (12) présentant une première extrémité dirigée vers ladite deuxième pièce polaire et présentant une seconde extrémité dirigée vers ladite quatrième pièce polaire, fournissant ainsi un trajet magnétique principal autour d'une boucle de flux englobant, en série : (a) ledit aimant, (b) ladite première pièce polaire constituant une première pièce polaire d'aimant, (c) le premier entrefer magnétique, traversant ladite première bobine acoustique, (d) ladite deuxième pièce polaire constituant une première pièce polaire de culasse (12), (e) ladite culasse (12), (f) ladite quatrième pièce polaire constituant une deuxième pièce polaire de culasse (12), (g) le second entrefer magnétique, traversant ladite seconde bobine acoustique, et (h) ladite troisième pièce polaire, constituant la deuxième pièce polaire d'aimant, complétant la boucle de flux ;
    caractérisé par
    un premier anneau annulaire de mise en court-circuit (16A), disposé de manière adjacente au dit aimant, entre ledit aimant et le corps de bobine acoustique, et s'étendant sensiblement entre les deux pièces polaires d'aimant ; et
    un second anneau annulaire de mise en court-circuit (16B), disposé de manière adjacente à ladite culasse (12), entre ladite culasse (12) et le corps de bobine acoustique, et s'étendant sensiblement entre les pièces polaires de culasse (12),
    dans lequel le premier anneau annulaire de mise en court-circuit (16A) et le second anneau annulaire de mise en court-circuit (16B) sont configurés et agencés pour agir comme une spire d'enroulement court-circuitée qui s'oppose à tout changement de résistance de la boucle de flux et s'oppose à tout déplacement de celle-ci de sorte qu'à chaque fois que lesdites bobines acoustiques (10A, 10B) sont excitées avec un courant de fréquence audio de manière à amener le corps de bobine à faire vibrer le diaphragme, ledit anneau est amené à réagir de manière à réduire la distorsion harmonique dans la sortie acoustique dudit haut-parleur.
  2. Structure de moteur de haut-parleur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les premier et second anneaux annulaires de mise en court-circuit (16A, 16B) sont fabriqués à partir d'un métal hautement conducteur, disposé de manière coaxiale et situé en relation couplée avec la boucle de flux.
  3. Structure de moteur de haut-parleur selon la revendication 1 ou 2 dans laquelle les premier et second anneaux annulaires de mise en court-circuit (16A, 16B) sont disposés entièrement à l'intérieur de la boucle de flux magnétique telle qu'elle est définie par une ligne médiane (14) de celle-ci, de manière à agir pour réduire particulièrement la distorsion harmonique d'ordre pair dans la sortie acoustique.
  4. Structure de moteur de haut-parleur selon la revendication 3 dans laquelle au moins un desdits anneaux annulaires de mise en court-circuit (16A, 16B) est fabriqué à partir d'une pile de lamelles individuellement isolées en acier de type magnétique.
EP99913989A 1998-03-19 1999-03-19 Anneaux de mise en court-circuit pour circuits d'attaque de haut-parleurs a deux bobines et a deux entrefers Expired - Lifetime EP1072168B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US7862398P 1998-03-19 1998-03-19
US78623P 1998-03-19
PCT/US1999/006084 WO1999048329A1 (fr) 1998-03-19 1999-03-19 Anneaux de mise en court-circuit pour circuits d'attaque de haut-parleurs a deux bobines et a deux entrefers

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1072168A1 EP1072168A1 (fr) 2001-01-31
EP1072168A4 EP1072168A4 (fr) 2006-02-08
EP1072168B1 true EP1072168B1 (fr) 2008-11-12

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99913989A Expired - Lifetime EP1072168B1 (fr) 1998-03-19 1999-03-19 Anneaux de mise en court-circuit pour circuits d'attaque de haut-parleurs a deux bobines et a deux entrefers

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1072168B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3574403B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1152601C (fr)
AT (1) ATE414395T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU3194199A (fr)
CA (1) CA2324394C (fr)
DE (1) DE69939898D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999048329A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6774510B1 (en) 2000-10-25 2004-08-10 Harman International Industries, Inc. Electromagnetic motor with flux stabilization ring, saturation tips, and radiator
US7412071B2 (en) * 2003-06-18 2008-08-12 Yuyao Temperature Instrument Factory Co., Ltd. Low-inductance electromagnetic drive without driving the magnetic flux circuit
CN101202161B (zh) * 2007-10-24 2012-12-26 钱维忠 开合式电流互感器
CN102149036A (zh) * 2010-02-09 2011-08-10 美律实业股份有限公司 具有双音圈的扬声器
FR2971385B1 (fr) * 2011-02-08 2014-02-14 Renault Sa Dispositif de moteur magnetique de transducteur electrodynamique
US9100738B2 (en) 2013-08-01 2015-08-04 Harman International Industries, Inc. Electrodynamic loudspeaker with conducting elements
CN107820174B (zh) * 2017-11-22 2020-03-17 重庆长安汽车股份有限公司 一种车载扬声器磁路结构
US11070920B2 (en) * 2019-09-27 2021-07-20 Apple Inc. Dual function transducer
US11785392B2 (en) 2019-09-27 2023-10-10 Apple Inc. Dual function transducer
CN116980800A (zh) * 2023-09-25 2023-10-31 苏州墨觉智能电子有限公司 一种磁路组件、骨导发声装置及骨导耳机

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3632904A (en) * 1970-03-24 1972-01-04 Paul Mauz Moving coil loudspeaker with eddy current suppression
US3783311A (en) * 1970-12-19 1974-01-01 Coral Audio Corp Magnetic device for use in acoustic apparatus
JPS542647Y2 (fr) * 1971-03-10 1979-02-05
JPS5235294B2 (fr) * 1971-12-17 1977-09-08
JP2501948Y2 (ja) * 1985-09-02 1996-06-19 パイオニア株式会社 車載音響装置
WO1991005447A1 (fr) * 1989-10-02 1991-04-18 Jbl, Incorporated Haut-parleur electrodynamique ameliore
US5381483A (en) * 1993-04-05 1995-01-10 Commonwealth Of Puerto Rico Minimal inductance electrodynamic transducer
DK54093D0 (da) * 1993-05-10 1993-05-10 Scan Speak As Hoejttaler
ES2286821T3 (es) * 1995-04-18 2007-12-01 Harman International Industries Incorporated Activador de doble bobina con alojamiento multifuncion.

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Publication number Publication date
ATE414395T1 (de) 2008-11-15
AU3194199A (en) 1999-10-11
CA2324394C (fr) 2006-02-07
WO1999048329A1 (fr) 1999-09-23
CN1298622A (zh) 2001-06-06
DE69939898D1 (de) 2008-12-24
JP2002507873A (ja) 2002-03-12
CN1152601C (zh) 2004-06-02
EP1072168A4 (fr) 2006-02-08
CA2324394A1 (fr) 1999-09-23
EP1072168A1 (fr) 2001-01-31
JP3574403B2 (ja) 2004-10-06

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