EP1060048B1 - Verfahren zum vergiessen einer metallschmelze unter einwirkung eines magnetfeldes - Google Patents
Verfahren zum vergiessen einer metallschmelze unter einwirkung eines magnetfeldes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1060048B1 EP1060048B1 EP99907603A EP99907603A EP1060048B1 EP 1060048 B1 EP1060048 B1 EP 1060048B1 EP 99907603 A EP99907603 A EP 99907603A EP 99907603 A EP99907603 A EP 99907603A EP 1060048 B1 EP1060048 B1 EP 1060048B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- melt
- casting
- electric conductivity
- phases
- lower electric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/14—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product the objects being filamentary or particulate in form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/02—Use of electric or magnetic effects
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for casting a Melt at a relatively low level Solidification rate, such as Gravity mold casting process, sand casting process, Low pressure casting process or intermediate forms of this Procedures in which the rate of solidification low compared to that in die casting processes is, the melt phases, such as pre-precipitations of Crystals or particles or short fibers, with lower electrical conductivity as the metal of the residual melt having.
- a relatively low level Solidification rate such as Gravity mold casting process, sand casting process, Low pressure casting process or intermediate forms of this Procedures in which the rate of solidification low compared to that in die casting processes is, the melt phases, such as pre-precipitations of Crystals or particles or short fibers, with lower electrical conductivity as the metal of the residual melt having.
- Wear-resistant castings are often made from melts or Alloys, which pre-selections, intermetallic phases or added particles or Have fibers that the wear resistance of the Casting compared to the base metal or the Base metal alloy should increase.
- the increased wear resistance however not at all points of the casting, but rather usually on surface areas that later become a Form sliding area, or on bearing sections or Cross-sectional narrowing needed.
- An increased Concentration of these phases in the casting can even adverse effects (e.g. embrittlement), which is why the Wear resistance of castings, for example Surface sections not arbitrarily due to enrichment such phases can be increased in the entire casting.
- EP 0 386 556 A2 describes the production of castings with hard particles in the surface using the Electro slag remelting, with part of the Mold circumference is an inward static Magnetic field is generated by which ferromagnetic Particles are drawn radially outwards.
- a direct current source is used which generates a magnetic field that is constant over time. This Magnetic field when casting gears magnetic or magnetizable reinforcement particles to the surface of the gears to be manufactured.
- This task is initiated in a procedure mentioned type according to the invention solved in that the Melt under at least local influence of a electromagnetic alternating field solidified is that the electromagnetic alternating field in a surface area one of the frequency of the Alternating field and the conductivity of the melt Penetration depth and thereby enrichment of less conductive phases on these surface areas of the casting is reached.
- the electromagnetic alternating field is 20 to 1000 Hz, preferably 50 to 500 Hz.
- the application of the method according to the invention has proven to be as particularly advantageous in connection with the potting a hypereutectic or near-eutectic technical Aluminum-silicon alloy, in which the silicon pre-deposits, the so-called silicon primary crystals form the phase of lower electrical conductivity.
- Intermetallic phases such as Ni 2 Al 3 or TiAl 3 are also pre-deposited in AlSi alloys and have a lower electrical conductivity than liquid aluminum and are therefore also transported to the surface.
- the melt it can also be advantageously also act as an iron smelter phase of the graphite or cementite precipitates form lower electrical conductivity.
- Heavy metal melts as well as light or Non-ferrous metal melts with particles or short fibers Materials with lower electrical conductivity than the residual melt is suitable for casting after the method according to the invention.
- the phase of lower electrical conductivity in the melt to be cast can also be formed by granules or else by dispersed SiC particles.
- the phase of lower electrical conductivity can also comprise fibers such as Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , C or aluminum silicates (Al 2 O 3 ) ⁇ (SiO 2 ).
- the melt is with increasing solidification overall tougher. Above all that Growth of stem crystals, dendrites or plates hinders the mobility of the particles to be moved. Also in the area of thin walls, for example in Web area leads between holes in a cylinder block the "floating" of the less conductive particles very much rapidly becoming impoverished so it would be desirable if "from the depth" of the casting further phases would be delivered. To solve this problem is in Further development of the invention is of particular importance suggested that by irradiating a magnetic Hiking field, especially in addition to that electromagnetic alternating field a tangential Material flow generated in the area of the cast part surface becomes. This will train large stem and Slab crystals hindered itself in every way proves to be advantageous. The solidifying melt remains longer thixotropic. The mobility of those to be moved Phases can be maintained up to higher solids be preserved.
- the traveling magnetic field can in particular, however, also independently of alternating electromagnetic fields generated and irradiated become.
- the location of the field vectors of the Segregation field and the hiking field can have different directions. This allows one free design of the necessary Coil systems.
- the design of the induction coils can be complex Tendon as with larger three-phase motors or only from few sub-coils can be built. Will be few Partial coils used, so-called Harmonic fields. With increasing atomic number, their number increases Amplitude, however.
- the third order harmonic field is a rotating field with opposite direction of rotation. His Depth of penetration into the material is significantly lower than that of the basic field. Hence the harmonic field only a weakening of the surface parallel Drive in the immediate vicinity of the surface of the melt or the casting formed from it.
- Rotating fields do not use a 3-phase system consisting of three each current conductor systems staggered by 120 °, but only with two systems offset by 90 ° work. This allows the use of a simpler one Coil construction within the tight space of one Mold. The proportion of harmonic fields is increasing therethrough; however, this affects the training of Enrichment layer advantageous.
- the use of the method according to the invention thus allows a significant reduction in the concentration of the wear-resistant phases in the rest of the casting or in the Melt, but still a high surface concentration the wear-resistant phases can be achieved.
- This brings advantages in terms of the machinability of the rest of the casting with itself, but also the mechanical This improves the characteristics of the casting.
- a Embrittlement due to high concentrations more wear-resistant hard particles can thus on the enriched Surface areas of the casting are limited.
- the Elasticity and tensile strength of the base material can Requirements are better chosen accordingly.
- phase within the melt to be cast with higher electrical conductivity as the metal of the residual melt are provided and which is characterized by that the melt under at least local influence of a electromagnetic alternating field solidified and therefore a depletion of the cast surface higher conductive phases is achieved.
- the irradiation alternating electromagnetic fields in such melts therefore urges solid phases in a corresponding manner higher electrical conductivity away from the surface.
- This variant of the invention can be used especially in the case of melts with a relatively low level electrical conductivity. If high Fatigue strength of the casting to be manufactured the method proves to be advantageous, because the tensions on the surface are always particularly high are and cracks usually from larger deposits deviating modulus of elasticity are triggered Concentrations in the surface area according to the invention be reduced.
- a additional induction field in those areas of Mold where a targeted particle enrichment is achieved by superimposing an additional one Alternating field with a significantly higher frequency an additional Warming can be achieved without being noticeable additional force is caused by this.
- Segregation effects can also be used in ultrasonic fields become.
- pistons have had to thermally stressed areas, such as Ring groove areas, the top land, the piston pin bores or trough edges through complex processing, such as Melting alloys of nickel-containing alloys or Coating, improving.
- complex processing such as Melting alloys of nickel-containing alloys or Coating
- For the production of pistons but cylinder blocks also became infiltrable Hollow body with wear-resistant particles or fibers used, then with a hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy be infiltrated and so the form wear-resistant surface areas.
- Will that Casting method according to the invention now for the production of Pistons or cylinder blocks can be used in the areas mentioned above an enrichment of Silicon, NiAl, TiAl can be achieved without the relevant concentration of the residual melt can be increased got to.
- Brake discs and brake drums produced according to the invention preferably contain SiC or Al 2 O 3 particles as wear-reducing deposits on the brake surfaces.
- the proposed solution allows the surface concentration to be increased significantly, so that the resulting locally increased brittleness does not have a negative effect because of the more ductile areas behind it.
- a device for performing the inventive method includes the casting mold and / or one inserted into the mold Core a coil for generating the electromagnetic AC field.
- the mold wall of the casting mold is preferably made of a non-magnetizable material preferably low electrical conductivity manufactured.
- Figure 1A shows a mold wall section 2, which consists of a helically wound and in cross section rectangular hollow profile 4 is formed.
- the hollow profile 4 can be flowed through by a cooling medium, which by the Connection pieces 6, 8 is indicated.
- the single ones Helical gears are not in contact with each other, it is a Gap or slot 12 formed between them by the a ceramic mass 14 is filled, which is also a forms inner coating 16 of the mold wall section 2.
- the mold wall In the area of this column 12 is the mold wall for a ideal electromagnetic alternating field permeable.
- winding 20 shown positionable.
- This winding 20 corresponds to a three-phase stator winding with comparable Construction like an asynchronous motor.
- the coil packs are only hinted at.
- Figures 2A and 2B show one in a mold usable device 30 for producing a Cylinder bore.
- the melt to be cast therefore arrives to the peripheral surface 32 of the device 30, which of a ceramic coating 34 of the peripheral surfaces of in Longitudinal extending hollow profile body 36 is formed is.
- This hollow profile body 36 are in the circumferential direction spaced slightly apart from each other so that a gap 38 remains between them, which of the ceramic coating material 34 is filled.
- the respective hollow profile body 36 form one longitudinal coolant channel 40, but they also serve as a current-carrying winding to generate a alternating electromagnetic field.
- R With the letters R, S and T becomes a circuit arrangement for 3-phase Three-phase current for three pole pairs with a total of 18 palisade-like hollow profile conductors indicated.
- the phases marked with "'" are 180 ° electrical offset and form the respective opposite phase. More central Position 42 brings the conductors together. There is the Star point of the 3-phase three-phase connection.
- the reactive power requirement of the arrangement is determined by permable Ring body made of ferrite reduced.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Description
- Figur 1A
- eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Kokillenwandabschnitts einer Kokillengießvorrichtung;
- Figur 1B
- eine Wicklung zur Erzeugung eines elektromagnetischen Wechselfelds zur Beaufschlagung des Kokillenwandabschnitts nach Figur 1A;
- Figur 2A
- eine Draufsicht auf eine in eine gießformeinsetzbare Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer Zylinderbohrung;
- Figur 2B
- einen Vertikalschnitt durch die Vorrichtung nach Figur 2A
Claims (19)
- Verfahren zum Vergießen einer Schmelze, wobei die Schmelze Phasen mit niedrigerer elektrischer Leitfähigkeit als das Metall der Restschmelze aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schmelze unter Einwirkung eines elektromagnetischen Wechselfelds zur Erstarrung gebracht wird, dass dabei das elektromagnetische Wechselfeld in einen Oberflächenbereich einer von der Frequenz des Wechselfelds und der Leitfähigkeit der Schmelze abhängigen Eindringtiefe von 0,5 - 10 mm eindringt und dadurch eine Anreicherung der weniger leitfähigen Phasen an diesen Oberflächenbereichen des Gußteils erreicht wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schmelze eine übereutektische Aluminium-Silizium-Legierung ist, bei der die Silizium-Vorausscheidungen die Phase geringerer elektrischer Leitfähigkeit bilden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schmelze eine Eisenschmelze ist, bei der Graphit- oder Zementitvorausscheidungen die Phase geringerer elektrischer Leitfähigkeit bilden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schmelze eine Schwermezallschmelze ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schmelze eine Leicht- oder Buntmetallschmelze mit Partikeln oder Kurzfasern aus Materialien mit niedrigerer elektrischer Leitfähigkeit als die Restschmelze ist.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Phase geringerer elektrischer Leitfähigkeit Granulatkörner umfasst.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Phase geringerer elektrischer Leitfähigkeit von dispergierten SiC-Partikel gebildet ist.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Phase geringerer elektrischer Leitfähigkeit Fasern umfasst, wie z.B. Al2O3, SiO2, C oder Aluminiumsilikate (Al2O3) (SiO2).
- Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch Einstrahlen eines magnetischen Wanderfeldes ein tangentialer Materialfluß im Bereich der Gußteiloberfläche erzeugt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das magnetische Wanderfeld zusätzlich und unabhängig von elektromagnetischen Wechselfeldern erzeugt und eingestrahlt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass unter Anwendung von Wanderfeldern in Form von Drehfeldern verschleißmindernde Phasen mit geringerer elektrischer Leitfähigkeit in den Stegbereich zwischen zwei Bohrungen gebracht werden.
- Verfahren zum Vergießen einer Schmelze bei langsamer Erstarrungsgeschwindigkeit, wie insbesondere Schwerkraftkokillengießverfahren, Sandgießverfahren, Niederdruckgießverfahren oder Zwischenformen dieser Verfahren, wobei die Schmelze Phasen, wie Voransscheidungen von Kristallen oder Partikeln oder Kurzfasern, mit höherer elektrischer Leitfähigkeit als das Metall der Restschmalze aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schmelze unter Einwirkung eines elektromagnetischen Wechselfeldes zur Erstarrung gebracht wird, dass dabei das elektromagnetische Wechselfeld in einen Oberflächenbereich einer von der Frequenz des Wechselfelds und der Leitfähigkeit der Schmelze abhängigen Eindringtiefe von 0,5 - 10 mm eindringt und dadurch eine Verarmung dieses Oberflächenbereichs des Gußteils an höher leitfähigen Phasen erreicht wird.
- Anwendung des Verfahrens nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1-12 zum Herstellen von Zylinderblöcken.
- Anwendung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Gußteiloberfläche im Bereich der Laufflächen eine Anreicherung von Phasen mit niedrigerer elektrischer Leitfähigkeit erreicht wird.
- Anwendung nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Gußteiloberfläche im Bereich der Lagerstühle des Zylinderblocks eine Anreicherung von Phasen mit niedrigerer elektrischer Leitfähigkeit erzeugt wird.
- Anwendung des Verfahrens nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1-12 zur Herstellung von Kolben.
- Anwendung des Verfahrene nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1-12 zur Herstellung von Bremsscheiben, wobei vorzugsweise SiC-Partikel als verschleißmindernde Einlagerungen an den Bremsflächen angereichert werden.
- Anwendung des Verfahrens nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1-12 zur Herstellung von Bremstrommeln.
- Anwendung des Verfahrens nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1-12 zur Herstellung von Pumpengehäusen.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19809631 | 1998-03-06 | ||
DE19809631A DE19809631C1 (de) | 1998-03-06 | 1998-03-06 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Vergießen einer Schmelze sowie danach hergestellte Gussstücke |
PCT/EP1999/001448 WO1999044773A1 (de) | 1998-03-06 | 1999-03-05 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum vergiessen einer schmelze sowie danach hergestellte gussstücke |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1060048A1 EP1060048A1 (de) | 2000-12-20 |
EP1060048B1 true EP1060048B1 (de) | 2004-06-16 |
Family
ID=7859945
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99907603A Expired - Lifetime EP1060048B1 (de) | 1998-03-06 | 1999-03-05 | Verfahren zum vergiessen einer metallschmelze unter einwirkung eines magnetfeldes |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1060048B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19809631C1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1999044773A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10349980A1 (de) * | 2003-10-24 | 2005-09-22 | Hunck, Wolfgang, Dipl.-Ing. | Abkühlen stromdurchfluteter Schmelzen |
DE102004046962A1 (de) * | 2004-09-28 | 2006-04-06 | Volkswagen Ag | Gießverfahren |
DE102007012845A1 (de) * | 2007-03-17 | 2008-09-18 | Ks Kolbenschmidt Gmbh | Erzeugung eines partiellen Faserverbundgefüges in einem Bauteil über eine Laserumschmelzbehandlung |
DE102020116143A1 (de) | 2020-06-18 | 2021-12-23 | Voestalpine Additive Manufacturing Center Gmbh | Aktuator für eine gussform zur herstellung metallischer bauteile |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1081616B (de) * | 1953-11-06 | 1960-05-12 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Verfahren zur Herstellung bleihaltiger Eisen- oder Stahlbloecke |
FR2236584B1 (de) * | 1973-05-21 | 1976-05-28 | Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech | |
CH625728A5 (de) * | 1977-12-27 | 1981-10-15 | Concast Ag | |
AT374712B (de) * | 1980-05-22 | 1984-05-25 | Ver Edelstahlwerke Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von gussstuecken mit feinkornstruktur |
ZA813647B (en) * | 1980-06-05 | 1982-07-28 | Ti Ltd | Electromagnetic stirring |
CA1225358A (en) * | 1984-03-28 | 1987-08-11 | Michael A. Shannon | Applying magnetic field to fluid mixture including magnetic particles through a coil |
JPS6195758A (ja) * | 1984-10-18 | 1986-05-14 | Shinko Electric Co Ltd | 管状鋳物製造装置 |
DE3907021C1 (de) * | 1989-03-04 | 1990-09-13 | Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen, De | |
DE4418750C2 (de) * | 1994-05-28 | 2000-06-15 | Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von verschleißfesten Oberflächen auf Formgußteilen |
US5545368A (en) * | 1995-01-20 | 1996-08-13 | Ford Motor Company | Method of magnetically reinforcing composite components |
-
1998
- 1998-03-06 DE DE19809631A patent/DE19809631C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-03-05 WO PCT/EP1999/001448 patent/WO1999044773A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1999-03-05 DE DE59909748T patent/DE59909748D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-05 EP EP99907603A patent/EP1060048B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1999044773A1 (de) | 1999-09-10 |
DE19809631C1 (de) | 2000-03-30 |
DE59909748D1 (de) | 2004-07-22 |
EP1060048A1 (de) | 2000-12-20 |
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