EP1048751A1 - Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer harten Beschichtung auf einen Gegenstand und beschichteter Gegenstand - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer harten Beschichtung auf einen Gegenstand und beschichteter Gegenstand Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1048751A1 EP1048751A1 EP00810336A EP00810336A EP1048751A1 EP 1048751 A1 EP1048751 A1 EP 1048751A1 EP 00810336 A EP00810336 A EP 00810336A EP 00810336 A EP00810336 A EP 00810336A EP 1048751 A1 EP1048751 A1 EP 1048751A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- titanium dioxide
- aluminum oxide
- aluminum
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a coated object according to the preamble of claim 6.
- the object of the invention is to produce an object essentially made of aluminum or to provide or create an aluminum alloy with a coating, wherein the coating is preferably hard and the good thermal conductivity of the article supported, so that this is preferred as a heater (iron, ...), kitchen appliance for roasting, baking, etc., as well as on other occasions where one uniform heating over the largest possible surface area desired or is required.
- the above object is achieved in that for a coating appropriately pretreated surface one in particular essentially Aluminum or an aluminum alloy existing object a coating is applied, in which diamonds are embedded.
- the diamonds in particular care due to their extremely good thermal conductivity for a good heat transfer from one Good lying on the coating to the object, which is also a good heat conductor. This ensures uniform heating of the goods.
- This coating is preferably used to support the mechanical Hardness of the embedded diamonds as a hard layer consisting essentially of an aluminum oxide / titanium dioxide mixed layer apply.
- Aluminum oxide as well as titanium dioxide in nature Known as sapphire or rutile, they are very hard. This great hardness is in the Aluminum oxide / titanium dioxide mixture then through the embedded diamond crystals enlarged.
- Diamond not only has the highest known hardness, but also that best (largest) known thermal conductivity.
- the hard aluminum oxide / titanium dioxide mixed layer as a so-called binder for the even harder diamond crystals a very hard coating, which has a very good thermal conductivity.
- the object to be coated from a good heat-conducting material namely in essential (negligible impurities are always present) aluminum or an aluminum alloy
- a coated object can anywhere wherever possible, the most uniform temperature possible over a large area.
- the layer containing diamonds is reduced compared to known layers, which also have an anti-adhesive effect, the "thermal barrier" resulting from this layer is essential.
- the invention is therefore preferred as a kitchen appliance (e.g. frying pan, ...) and in the Medical technology and aviation can be used.
- the hard layer can be provided with non-stick layers, which further improves its use as a non-stick pan.
- Non-stick coatings usually have a dark color. If a hard layer with 80 to 40 percent by weight of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) and 20 to 60 percent by weight of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), preferably with about 60% of aluminum oxide and 40% of titanium dioxide, is applied, it is dark. A slight injury to a non-stick layer made of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) applied over the hard layer is therefore no longer visible.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the hard layer can be covered by a fluorosilane layer, in which diamond crystals are also preferably incorporated, in their hardness behavior and in their flat thermal conductivity and their non-stick behavior can still be improved.
- This layer can then additionally be pigmented, in particular darkly pigmented which also causes minor injuries to the non-stick coating which do not disturb their non-stick effect, are hardly visible anymore.
- the coating 1 shown in the single figure is applied as an object to a pan base 3 made of aluminum.
- the surface 5 of the pan base 3 is pretreated for the subsequent coating.
- the surface 5 is degreased and sandblasted with corundum powder.
- the corundum powder has fine grains to which coarse grains are mixed.
- the coarse grains produce a roughness of approximately one hundred to two hundred micrometers on the surface 5 to be coated. This roughly roughened surface structure is overlaid with a finer roughness by fine grains of about ten to thirty micrometers.
- the whole object (pan) is brought to a temperature below 600 ° C in an oven.
- a temperature of 450 ° C. is preferably selected.
- a mixture with 80 to 40 percent by weight of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) and 20 to 60 percent by weight of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is applied.
- Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide
- TiO 2 titanium dioxide
- about sixty percent by weight of aluminum oxide and forty percent by weight of titanium dioxide with an admixture of five to ten percent by weight of aluminum fluoride (AlF 3 ) are applied as a homogeneous mixture in a plasma spraying process as a thermal spraying process.
- AlF 3 aluminum fluoride
- aluminum fluoride is not mandatory; other non-stick materials can also be used. However, it is important to ensure compatibility with the aluminum oxide-titanium dioxide mixture.
- the material used must also remain under the thermal conditions of plasma spraying. In plasma spraying, diamond crystals are added, which have a diameter between 0.5 ⁇ m and 10 pm.
- the aluminum oxide-titanium dioxide-aluminum fluoride mixture with embedded diamond crystals is sprayed onto the surface 5 as a hard layer 7 up to a layer thickness of 50 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m. The applied hard layer 7 appears black.
- the diamond crystals must be mixed in such a way that they have no temperature exposed to temperatures above 900 ° C. At 900 ° C, diamond can transform into graphite or burn when exposed to oxygen. Of these 900 ° C should a sufficient temperature distance should be kept.
- the aluminum oxide as a relatively inexpensive material, gives the layer 7 the necessary hardness, while titanium dioxide gives this layer 7 the ductility and the dark or black color. Due to the ductility of the titanium dioxide, the coating is resistant to large temperature fluctuations, such as occur in frying pans.
- a further layer 9 made of fluorosilane, likewise with embedded diamond crystals with a diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, can be applied to the hard layer 7 as a suspension.
- a pigment is preferably added to the suspension, with which the shade of the hard layer 7 is adjusted.
- the article is then heated in an oven in several stages (100 ° C, 250 ° C, 400 ° C) to 400 ° C to 430 ° C and held at the final temperature for about ten to fifteen minutes. It is not essential to apply this layer 9 .
- the non-stick effect of the coating is also given without this layer 9 ; however, it is still improved by this.
- a carbon black pigment is used as the pigment.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the coating 1 described here is very well non-stick to food to be heated (roasted) lying on it and also resistant to scratching with good "heat distribution" over the pan bottom. Should the top PTFE layer 11 nevertheless be scratched, this scratching is not visible due to the color adaptation of the layer 9 to the color of the hard layer 7 . The anti-adhesive property is hardly affected by this, since the layer 9 is also “anti-adhesive”.
- surfaces of irons, pots, surfaces of machine parts such as bearing shells, ... can be coated with the coating 1 described above.
- the diamonds can also be deposited using a reactive coating process in the presence of methane.
- this method is currently more expensive than directly inserting the diamond crystals.
- Group IVb includes titanium (Ti), zircon (Zr) and hafnium (Hf).
- Group Vb includes vanadium (V), niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta).
- the Vlb group includes chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W).
- the mixture described above has proven to be particularly advantageous.
- the layer 9 can also be applied and, after it has dried, the layer 11 immediately, both of which, as described above, then gradually or gradually increasing be heated.
- a PFA layer (P he f luor a lcyd) and a FEP-layer (F luor e Thylen p ropylene) as well as allied materials are used instead of a layer of PTFE.
- a hard layer on the object with embedded diamond crystals it is also possible to use another, for example Teflon-like, layer with embedded diamond crystals, which is not necessarily to be referred to as a hard layer.
- the item out of aluminum or an aluminum alloy it can also be made of stainless steel or iron.
- Aluminum or however, its alloys have the advantage of good thermal conductivity. Objects too copper can be coated accordingly; however, it is here make sure that no oxidation of the copper surface occurs.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Cookers (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Frying-Pans Or Fryers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer, insbesondere antihaftenden Beschichtung (1) auf einem metallischen, eine hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit ausweisendem Gegenstand (3), insbesondere im wesentlichen aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf eine für die Beschichtung (1) vorbehandelte Oberfläche (5) des Gegenstands (3) eine Schicht (7) mit eingelagerten Diamantkristallen aufgebracht wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Beschichtung mit eingelagerten Diamantkristallen Aluminiumoxid/Titandioxid-Mischschicht als Hartschicht (7) aufgebracht wird, wobei vorzugsweise die Hartschicht (7) mit 97 bis 40 Gewichtsprozent Aluminiumoxid (Al2O3) und 3% bis 60 Gewichtsprozent Titandioxid (TiO2), insbesondere mit 85% bis 40% Aluminiumoxid und 15% bis 60% Titandioxid, bevorzugt mit etwa 60% Aluminiumoxid und 40% Titandioxid aufgebracht wird, welcher vorzugsweise ein antihaftend wirkendes Material, dem insbesondere 5% bis 10% Aluminium-Fluorid (AlF3) unter entsprechender Reduzierung der Aluminiumoxid- bzw. Titandioxid-Anteile beigemischt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hartschicht (7) mit einem thermischen Sprühverfahren, insbesondere mit einem Plasmasprühverfahren, bevorzugt mit einem Hochgeschwindigkeitsverfahren (HVOF = high velocity oxigen fuel)) aufgebracht wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf die Hartschicht (7) eine weitere Schicht (9) im wesentlichen aus Fluorsilan aufgebracht wird, in welche bevorzugt ebenfalls Diamantkristalle eingelagert werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die weitere Schicht (9) pigmentiert wird, um einen Schichtfarbton zu erreichen, welcher der Hartschicht (7) angeglichen ist, und bevorzugt eine Deckschicht (11) aufgebracht wird, wobei diese insbesondere als eine dünne PTFE-Schicht aufgebracht wird und in bevorzugter Weise in die Hartschicht (7) sowie insbesondere auch in die weitere Schicht (9) eingelagerte Diamantkristalle eine Größe zwischen 0.5 µm bis 10 µm haben.
- Eine hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit aufweisender Gegenstand (3), insbesondere im wesentlichen aus Aluminium oder einer Aluminiumlegierung, beschichtet mit einem Verfahren nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 5, gekennzeichnet durch eine Beschichtung (1), in die Diamantkristalle eingelagert sind.
- Gegenstand (3) nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschichtung eine Antihaftwirkung hat und wenigstens aus einer im wesentlichen aus einer Mischung von Aluminiumoxid (Al2O3) und Titiandioxid (TiO2), bestehenden Hartschicht (7), in die dann die Diamantkristalle eingelagert sind, aufgebaut ist.
- Gegenstand (3) nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hartschicht (7) im wesentlichen 97 bis 40 Gewichtsprozent Aluminiumoxid und 3 bis 60 Gewichtsprozent Titandioxid, insbesondere 80% bis 40% Aluminiumoxid und 20% bis 60% Titandioxid, bevorzugt etwa 60% Aluminiumoxid und 40% Titandioxid enthält und vorzugsweise die Haftschicht (7) 5% bis 10% Aluminium-Fluorid (AlF3) als ein Antihaftwirkung entfaltendes Material unter entsprechender Reduzierung der Aluminiumoxid- bzw. Titandioxid-Anteile beigemischt sind.
- Gegenstand nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschichtung eine Hartschicht im wesentlichen aus einem keramischen Oxid und/oder einem keramischen Nitrid und/oder einem keramischen Carbid und/oder einem keramischen Oxinitrid und/oder einem keramischen Carbooxinitrid eines oder mehrerer Elemente aus den chemischen Gruppen IVb bis Vlb, des Aluminiums, des Nickels oder des Siliziums oder deren Mischungen ist.
- Gegenstand (3) nach Anspruch 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf der Diamanten enthaltenden Beschichtung (7) eine weitere Schicht (9) im wesentlichen aus Fluorsilan liegt, in die bevorzugt ebenfalls Diamantkristalle eingelagert sind, wobei vorzugsweise die Diamantkristalle in dieser weiteren Schicht (9) sowie in der Hartschicht (7) einen Durchmesser zwischen 0,5 µm und 10 µm haben und insbesondere eine Deckschicht (11) im wesentlichen aus PTFE als die oberste Schicht der Beschichtung (1) vorhanden ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH79099 | 1999-04-29 | ||
CH79099 | 1999-04-29 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1048751A1 true EP1048751A1 (de) | 2000-11-02 |
EP1048751B1 EP1048751B1 (de) | 2004-10-27 |
Family
ID=4195250
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20000810336 Expired - Lifetime EP1048751B1 (de) | 1999-04-29 | 2000-04-18 | Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer harten Beschichtung auf einen Gegenstand und beschichteter Gegenstand |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1048751B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE280850T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50008380D1 (de) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005037338A1 (de) * | 2005-08-04 | 2007-02-08 | Starnberger Beschichtungen Gmbh | Antihaftbeschichtung, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und antihaftbeschichtete Substratmaterialien |
EP2332661A1 (de) | 2005-12-14 | 2011-06-15 | Dupont-Mitsui Fluorochemicals Company, Ltd. | Antihaftbeschichtungszusammensetzung mit Diamantenpartikeln und Substrat mit darauf angewandter Zusammensetzung |
EP2586892A2 (de) | 2011-10-25 | 2013-05-01 | Stefan Hort | Kochgerät |
EP2592174A1 (de) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Schichtsystem mit strukturierter Substratoberfläche und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
JP2014091833A (ja) * | 2012-10-31 | 2014-05-19 | Seb Sa | 引っかき抵抗性および熱伝導特性が改善されたセラミックコーティング |
CN106435564A (zh) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-02-22 | 北京联合涂层技术有限公司 | 高性能锅具电磁涂层及其制造方法 |
CN109930103A (zh) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-25 | 佛山市顺德区美的电热电器制造有限公司 | 一种加热器具及其制备方法 |
DE202023102922U1 (de) | 2023-05-26 | 2023-07-17 | SurFunction GmbH | Garvorrichtung zum Garen von Gargut |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5021904B2 (ja) | 2005-04-19 | 2012-09-12 | 三井・デュポンフロロケミカル株式会社 | フッ素樹脂塗膜 |
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GB1095564A (de) * | 1900-01-01 | |||
JPS59166670A (ja) * | 1983-03-11 | 1984-09-20 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | 耐摩耗性のすぐれた表面被覆工具部材 |
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EP0331155A2 (de) * | 1988-03-02 | 1989-09-06 | Scholl, Harald | Verfahren zum Beschichten von Haushaltsgegenständen und Haushaltsgegenstand |
EP0373377A1 (de) * | 1988-11-17 | 1990-06-20 | Knut Dr. Dipl.-Phys. Enke | Kratzfester Gebrauchsgegenstand sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
US5260141A (en) * | 1991-11-29 | 1993-11-09 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Diamond coated products |
JPH0767784A (ja) * | 1993-08-31 | 1995-03-14 | Toshiba Home Technol Corp | 調理器の調理プレート |
JPH0884899A (ja) * | 1994-09-19 | 1996-04-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | アイロン |
JPH08173321A (ja) * | 1994-12-27 | 1996-07-09 | Toshiba Tungaloy Co Ltd | 調理器具 |
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JPH08309100A (ja) * | 1995-05-18 | 1996-11-26 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | アイロンおよびその製造方法 |
US5633086A (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 1997-05-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce | Friction and wear resistant coating for titanium and its alloys |
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CH692481A5 (de) * | 1988-10-21 | 2002-07-15 | Hort Revetements S A | Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Fluorpolymer-Schicht auf eine Oberfläche eines Gegenstands und Gegenstand beschichtet nach dem Verfahren. |
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2000
- 2000-04-18 AT AT00810336T patent/ATE280850T1/de active
- 2000-04-18 DE DE50008380T patent/DE50008380D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-18 EP EP20000810336 patent/EP1048751B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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GB1095564A (de) * | 1900-01-01 | |||
JPS59166670A (ja) * | 1983-03-11 | 1984-09-20 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | 耐摩耗性のすぐれた表面被覆工具部材 |
US4735925A (en) * | 1985-06-14 | 1988-04-05 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Low-temperature sinterable ceramic composition |
EP0331155A2 (de) * | 1988-03-02 | 1989-09-06 | Scholl, Harald | Verfahren zum Beschichten von Haushaltsgegenständen und Haushaltsgegenstand |
EP0373377A1 (de) * | 1988-11-17 | 1990-06-20 | Knut Dr. Dipl.-Phys. Enke | Kratzfester Gebrauchsgegenstand sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
US5260141A (en) * | 1991-11-29 | 1993-11-09 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Diamond coated products |
US5545255A (en) * | 1992-05-27 | 1996-08-13 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Finishing agent and method of using the same |
JPH0767784A (ja) * | 1993-08-31 | 1995-03-14 | Toshiba Home Technol Corp | 調理器の調理プレート |
JPH0884899A (ja) * | 1994-09-19 | 1996-04-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | アイロン |
JPH08173321A (ja) * | 1994-12-27 | 1996-07-09 | Toshiba Tungaloy Co Ltd | 調理器具 |
JPH08309100A (ja) * | 1995-05-18 | 1996-11-26 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | アイロンおよびその製造方法 |
US5633086A (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 1997-05-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce | Friction and wear resistant coating for titanium and its alloys |
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1995, no. 06 31 July 1995 (1995-07-31) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1996, no. 08 30 August 1996 (1996-08-30) * |
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1997, no. 03 31 March 1997 (1997-03-31) * |
RAMESHAM R ET AL: "SELECTIVE DIAMOND SEED DEPOSITION USING ELECTROPLATED COPPER", DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS,NL,ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, AMSTERDAM, vol. 1, no. 8, 25 June 1992 (1992-06-25), pages 907 - 910, XP000349652, ISSN: 0925-9635 * |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102005037338A1 (de) * | 2005-08-04 | 2007-02-08 | Starnberger Beschichtungen Gmbh | Antihaftbeschichtung, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und antihaftbeschichtete Substratmaterialien |
EP2332661A1 (de) | 2005-12-14 | 2011-06-15 | Dupont-Mitsui Fluorochemicals Company, Ltd. | Antihaftbeschichtungszusammensetzung mit Diamantenpartikeln und Substrat mit darauf angewandter Zusammensetzung |
EP2586892A2 (de) | 2011-10-25 | 2013-05-01 | Stefan Hort | Kochgerät |
EP2586891A1 (de) | 2011-10-25 | 2013-05-01 | Stefan Hort | Kochgerät |
EP2586892A3 (de) * | 2011-10-25 | 2014-05-21 | Stefan Hort | Kochgerät |
US10371004B2 (en) | 2011-11-14 | 2019-08-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Layer system with a structured substrate surface and production process |
EP2592174A1 (de) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Schichtsystem mit strukturierter Substratoberfläche und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
WO2013072092A1 (de) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-23 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Schichtsystem mit strukturierter substratoberfläche und verfahren zur herstellung |
JP2014091833A (ja) * | 2012-10-31 | 2014-05-19 | Seb Sa | 引っかき抵抗性および熱伝導特性が改善されたセラミックコーティング |
US9725809B2 (en) | 2012-10-31 | 2017-08-08 | Seb S.A. | Ceramic coating with scratch resistance and thermal conduction properties |
CN106435564A (zh) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-02-22 | 北京联合涂层技术有限公司 | 高性能锅具电磁涂层及其制造方法 |
CN109930103A (zh) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-25 | 佛山市顺德区美的电热电器制造有限公司 | 一种加热器具及其制备方法 |
CN109930103B (zh) * | 2017-12-15 | 2023-11-14 | 佛山市顺德区美的电热电器制造有限公司 | 一种加热器具及其制备方法 |
DE202023102922U1 (de) | 2023-05-26 | 2023-07-17 | SurFunction GmbH | Garvorrichtung zum Garen von Gargut |
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DE50008380D1 (de) | 2004-12-02 |
ATE280850T1 (de) | 2004-11-15 |
EP1048751B1 (de) | 2004-10-27 |
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