EP1048751A1 - Procédé pour appliquer un revêtement dur sur un substrat et substrat revêtu - Google Patents

Procédé pour appliquer un revêtement dur sur un substrat et substrat revêtu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1048751A1
EP1048751A1 EP00810336A EP00810336A EP1048751A1 EP 1048751 A1 EP1048751 A1 EP 1048751A1 EP 00810336 A EP00810336 A EP 00810336A EP 00810336 A EP00810336 A EP 00810336A EP 1048751 A1 EP1048751 A1 EP 1048751A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
titanium dioxide
aluminum oxide
aluminum
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00810336A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1048751B1 (fr
Inventor
Stefan Horst
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hort Coating Center SA
Original Assignee
Hort Coating Center SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hort Coating Center SA filed Critical Hort Coating Center SA
Publication of EP1048751A1 publication Critical patent/EP1048751A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1048751B1 publication Critical patent/EP1048751B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and a coated object according to the preamble of claim 6.
  • the object of the invention is to produce an object essentially made of aluminum or to provide or create an aluminum alloy with a coating, wherein the coating is preferably hard and the good thermal conductivity of the article supported, so that this is preferred as a heater (iron, ...), kitchen appliance for roasting, baking, etc., as well as on other occasions where one uniform heating over the largest possible surface area desired or is required.
  • the above object is achieved in that for a coating appropriately pretreated surface one in particular essentially Aluminum or an aluminum alloy existing object a coating is applied, in which diamonds are embedded.
  • the diamonds in particular care due to their extremely good thermal conductivity for a good heat transfer from one Good lying on the coating to the object, which is also a good heat conductor. This ensures uniform heating of the goods.
  • This coating is preferably used to support the mechanical Hardness of the embedded diamonds as a hard layer consisting essentially of an aluminum oxide / titanium dioxide mixed layer apply.
  • Aluminum oxide as well as titanium dioxide in nature Known as sapphire or rutile, they are very hard. This great hardness is in the Aluminum oxide / titanium dioxide mixture then through the embedded diamond crystals enlarged.
  • Diamond not only has the highest known hardness, but also that best (largest) known thermal conductivity.
  • the hard aluminum oxide / titanium dioxide mixed layer as a so-called binder for the even harder diamond crystals a very hard coating, which has a very good thermal conductivity.
  • the object to be coated from a good heat-conducting material namely in essential (negligible impurities are always present) aluminum or an aluminum alloy
  • a coated object can anywhere wherever possible, the most uniform temperature possible over a large area.
  • the layer containing diamonds is reduced compared to known layers, which also have an anti-adhesive effect, the "thermal barrier" resulting from this layer is essential.
  • the invention is therefore preferred as a kitchen appliance (e.g. frying pan, ...) and in the Medical technology and aviation can be used.
  • the hard layer can be provided with non-stick layers, which further improves its use as a non-stick pan.
  • Non-stick coatings usually have a dark color. If a hard layer with 80 to 40 percent by weight of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) and 20 to 60 percent by weight of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), preferably with about 60% of aluminum oxide and 40% of titanium dioxide, is applied, it is dark. A slight injury to a non-stick layer made of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) applied over the hard layer is therefore no longer visible.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the hard layer can be covered by a fluorosilane layer, in which diamond crystals are also preferably incorporated, in their hardness behavior and in their flat thermal conductivity and their non-stick behavior can still be improved.
  • This layer can then additionally be pigmented, in particular darkly pigmented which also causes minor injuries to the non-stick coating which do not disturb their non-stick effect, are hardly visible anymore.
  • the coating 1 shown in the single figure is applied as an object to a pan base 3 made of aluminum.
  • the surface 5 of the pan base 3 is pretreated for the subsequent coating.
  • the surface 5 is degreased and sandblasted with corundum powder.
  • the corundum powder has fine grains to which coarse grains are mixed.
  • the coarse grains produce a roughness of approximately one hundred to two hundred micrometers on the surface 5 to be coated. This roughly roughened surface structure is overlaid with a finer roughness by fine grains of about ten to thirty micrometers.
  • the whole object (pan) is brought to a temperature below 600 ° C in an oven.
  • a temperature of 450 ° C. is preferably selected.
  • a mixture with 80 to 40 percent by weight of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) and 20 to 60 percent by weight of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is applied.
  • Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide
  • TiO 2 titanium dioxide
  • about sixty percent by weight of aluminum oxide and forty percent by weight of titanium dioxide with an admixture of five to ten percent by weight of aluminum fluoride (AlF 3 ) are applied as a homogeneous mixture in a plasma spraying process as a thermal spraying process.
  • AlF 3 aluminum fluoride
  • aluminum fluoride is not mandatory; other non-stick materials can also be used. However, it is important to ensure compatibility with the aluminum oxide-titanium dioxide mixture.
  • the material used must also remain under the thermal conditions of plasma spraying. In plasma spraying, diamond crystals are added, which have a diameter between 0.5 ⁇ m and 10 pm.
  • the aluminum oxide-titanium dioxide-aluminum fluoride mixture with embedded diamond crystals is sprayed onto the surface 5 as a hard layer 7 up to a layer thickness of 50 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m. The applied hard layer 7 appears black.
  • the diamond crystals must be mixed in such a way that they have no temperature exposed to temperatures above 900 ° C. At 900 ° C, diamond can transform into graphite or burn when exposed to oxygen. Of these 900 ° C should a sufficient temperature distance should be kept.
  • the aluminum oxide as a relatively inexpensive material, gives the layer 7 the necessary hardness, while titanium dioxide gives this layer 7 the ductility and the dark or black color. Due to the ductility of the titanium dioxide, the coating is resistant to large temperature fluctuations, such as occur in frying pans.
  • a further layer 9 made of fluorosilane, likewise with embedded diamond crystals with a diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, can be applied to the hard layer 7 as a suspension.
  • a pigment is preferably added to the suspension, with which the shade of the hard layer 7 is adjusted.
  • the article is then heated in an oven in several stages (100 ° C, 250 ° C, 400 ° C) to 400 ° C to 430 ° C and held at the final temperature for about ten to fifteen minutes. It is not essential to apply this layer 9 .
  • the non-stick effect of the coating is also given without this layer 9 ; however, it is still improved by this.
  • a carbon black pigment is used as the pigment.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the coating 1 described here is very well non-stick to food to be heated (roasted) lying on it and also resistant to scratching with good "heat distribution" over the pan bottom. Should the top PTFE layer 11 nevertheless be scratched, this scratching is not visible due to the color adaptation of the layer 9 to the color of the hard layer 7 . The anti-adhesive property is hardly affected by this, since the layer 9 is also “anti-adhesive”.
  • surfaces of irons, pots, surfaces of machine parts such as bearing shells, ... can be coated with the coating 1 described above.
  • the diamonds can also be deposited using a reactive coating process in the presence of methane.
  • this method is currently more expensive than directly inserting the diamond crystals.
  • Group IVb includes titanium (Ti), zircon (Zr) and hafnium (Hf).
  • Group Vb includes vanadium (V), niobium (Nb) and tantalum (Ta).
  • the Vlb group includes chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W).
  • the mixture described above has proven to be particularly advantageous.
  • the layer 9 can also be applied and, after it has dried, the layer 11 immediately, both of which, as described above, then gradually or gradually increasing be heated.
  • a PFA layer (P he f luor a lcyd) and a FEP-layer (F luor e Thylen p ropylene) as well as allied materials are used instead of a layer of PTFE.
  • a hard layer on the object with embedded diamond crystals it is also possible to use another, for example Teflon-like, layer with embedded diamond crystals, which is not necessarily to be referred to as a hard layer.
  • the item out of aluminum or an aluminum alloy it can also be made of stainless steel or iron.
  • Aluminum or however, its alloys have the advantage of good thermal conductivity. Objects too copper can be coated accordingly; however, it is here make sure that no oxidation of the copper surface occurs.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Frying-Pans Or Fryers (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
EP20000810336 1999-04-29 2000-04-18 Procédé pour appliquer un revêtement dur sur un substrat et substrat revêtu Expired - Lifetime EP1048751B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH79099 1999-04-29
CH79099 1999-04-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1048751A1 true EP1048751A1 (fr) 2000-11-02
EP1048751B1 EP1048751B1 (fr) 2004-10-27

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Family Applications (1)

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EP20000810336 Expired - Lifetime EP1048751B1 (fr) 1999-04-29 2000-04-18 Procédé pour appliquer un revêtement dur sur un substrat et substrat revêtu

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1048751B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE280850T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE50008380D1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005037338A1 (de) * 2005-08-04 2007-02-08 Starnberger Beschichtungen Gmbh Antihaftbeschichtung, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und antihaftbeschichtete Substratmaterialien
EP2332661A1 (fr) 2005-12-14 2011-06-15 Dupont-Mitsui Fluorochemicals Company, Ltd. Composition de revêtement non collante comportant des particules de diamant et substrat disposant de la composition appliquée
EP2586892A2 (fr) 2011-10-25 2013-05-01 Stefan Hort Appareil de cuisson
EP2592174A1 (fr) * 2011-11-14 2013-05-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système de couche doté d'une surface de substrat structurée et son procédé de fabrication
JP2014091833A (ja) * 2012-10-31 2014-05-19 Seb Sa 引っかき抵抗性および熱伝導特性が改善されたセラミックコーティング
CN106435564A (zh) * 2016-11-14 2017-02-22 北京联合涂层技术有限公司 高性能锅具电磁涂层及其制造方法
CN109930103A (zh) * 2017-12-15 2019-06-25 佛山市顺德区美的电热电器制造有限公司 一种加热器具及其制备方法
DE202023102922U1 (de) 2023-05-26 2023-07-17 SurFunction GmbH Garvorrichtung zum Garen von Gargut

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5021904B2 (ja) 2005-04-19 2012-09-12 三井・デュポンフロロケミカル株式会社 フッ素樹脂塗膜

Citations (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1095564A (fr) * 1900-01-01
JPS59166670A (ja) * 1983-03-11 1984-09-20 Mitsubishi Metal Corp 耐摩耗性のすぐれた表面被覆工具部材
US4735925A (en) * 1985-06-14 1988-04-05 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Low-temperature sinterable ceramic composition
EP0331155A2 (fr) * 1988-03-02 1989-09-06 Scholl, Harald Procédé de revêtement d'ustensiles de ménage et un tel ustensile
EP0373377A1 (fr) * 1988-11-17 1990-06-20 Knut Dr. Dipl.-Phys. Enke Objet courant résistant à l'abrasion et procédé pour sa fabrication
US5260141A (en) * 1991-11-29 1993-11-09 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Diamond coated products
JPH0767784A (ja) * 1993-08-31 1995-03-14 Toshiba Home Technol Corp 調理器の調理プレート
JPH0884899A (ja) * 1994-09-19 1996-04-02 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd アイロン
JPH08173321A (ja) * 1994-12-27 1996-07-09 Toshiba Tungaloy Co Ltd 調理器具
US5545255A (en) * 1992-05-27 1996-08-13 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Finishing agent and method of using the same
JPH08309100A (ja) * 1995-05-18 1996-11-26 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd アイロンおよびその製造方法
US5633086A (en) * 1995-05-31 1997-05-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce Friction and wear resistant coating for titanium and its alloys

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CH692481A5 (de) * 1988-10-21 2002-07-15 Hort Revetements S A Verfahren zum Aufbringen einer Fluorpolymer-Schicht auf eine Oberfläche eines Gegenstands und Gegenstand beschichtet nach dem Verfahren.
DE4113211A1 (de) * 1991-04-23 1992-10-29 Winfried Heinzel Verfahren zum beschichten von haus- und kuechengeraetschaften

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1095564A (fr) * 1900-01-01
JPS59166670A (ja) * 1983-03-11 1984-09-20 Mitsubishi Metal Corp 耐摩耗性のすぐれた表面被覆工具部材
US4735925A (en) * 1985-06-14 1988-04-05 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. Low-temperature sinterable ceramic composition
EP0331155A2 (fr) * 1988-03-02 1989-09-06 Scholl, Harald Procédé de revêtement d'ustensiles de ménage et un tel ustensile
EP0373377A1 (fr) * 1988-11-17 1990-06-20 Knut Dr. Dipl.-Phys. Enke Objet courant résistant à l'abrasion et procédé pour sa fabrication
US5260141A (en) * 1991-11-29 1993-11-09 Regents Of The University Of Minnesota Diamond coated products
US5545255A (en) * 1992-05-27 1996-08-13 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Finishing agent and method of using the same
JPH0767784A (ja) * 1993-08-31 1995-03-14 Toshiba Home Technol Corp 調理器の調理プレート
JPH0884899A (ja) * 1994-09-19 1996-04-02 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd アイロン
JPH08173321A (ja) * 1994-12-27 1996-07-09 Toshiba Tungaloy Co Ltd 調理器具
JPH08309100A (ja) * 1995-05-18 1996-11-26 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd アイロンおよびその製造方法
US5633086A (en) * 1995-05-31 1997-05-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce Friction and wear resistant coating for titanium and its alloys

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 009, no. 017 (C - 262) 24 January 1985 (1985-01-24) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1995, no. 06 31 July 1995 (1995-07-31) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1996, no. 08 30 August 1996 (1996-08-30) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1996, no. 11 29 November 1996 (1996-11-29) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1997, no. 03 31 March 1997 (1997-03-31) *
RAMESHAM R ET AL: "SELECTIVE DIAMOND SEED DEPOSITION USING ELECTROPLATED COPPER", DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS,NL,ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, AMSTERDAM, vol. 1, no. 8, 25 June 1992 (1992-06-25), pages 907 - 910, XP000349652, ISSN: 0925-9635 *

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005037338A1 (de) * 2005-08-04 2007-02-08 Starnberger Beschichtungen Gmbh Antihaftbeschichtung, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und antihaftbeschichtete Substratmaterialien
EP2332661A1 (fr) 2005-12-14 2011-06-15 Dupont-Mitsui Fluorochemicals Company, Ltd. Composition de revêtement non collante comportant des particules de diamant et substrat disposant de la composition appliquée
EP2586892A2 (fr) 2011-10-25 2013-05-01 Stefan Hort Appareil de cuisson
EP2586891A1 (fr) 2011-10-25 2013-05-01 Stefan Hort Appareil de cuisson
EP2586892A3 (fr) * 2011-10-25 2014-05-21 Stefan Hort Appareil de cuisson
US10371004B2 (en) 2011-11-14 2019-08-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Layer system with a structured substrate surface and production process
EP2592174A1 (fr) * 2011-11-14 2013-05-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système de couche doté d'une surface de substrat structurée et son procédé de fabrication
WO2013072092A1 (fr) * 2011-11-14 2013-05-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système stratifié à surface de substrat structurée et procédé de fabrication
JP2014091833A (ja) * 2012-10-31 2014-05-19 Seb Sa 引っかき抵抗性および熱伝導特性が改善されたセラミックコーティング
US9725809B2 (en) 2012-10-31 2017-08-08 Seb S.A. Ceramic coating with scratch resistance and thermal conduction properties
CN106435564A (zh) * 2016-11-14 2017-02-22 北京联合涂层技术有限公司 高性能锅具电磁涂层及其制造方法
CN109930103A (zh) * 2017-12-15 2019-06-25 佛山市顺德区美的电热电器制造有限公司 一种加热器具及其制备方法
CN109930103B (zh) * 2017-12-15 2023-11-14 佛山市顺德区美的电热电器制造有限公司 一种加热器具及其制备方法
DE202023102922U1 (de) 2023-05-26 2023-07-17 SurFunction GmbH Garvorrichtung zum Garen von Gargut

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE280850T1 (de) 2004-11-15
EP1048751B1 (fr) 2004-10-27
DE50008380D1 (de) 2004-12-02

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