EP1048545A1 - Procédé de mesure de la vitesse d'un véhicule sur rails et installation destinée à cet effet - Google Patents

Procédé de mesure de la vitesse d'un véhicule sur rails et installation destinée à cet effet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1048545A1
EP1048545A1 EP99870079A EP99870079A EP1048545A1 EP 1048545 A1 EP1048545 A1 EP 1048545A1 EP 99870079 A EP99870079 A EP 99870079A EP 99870079 A EP99870079 A EP 99870079A EP 1048545 A1 EP1048545 A1 EP 1048545A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block
chord
current
voltage
track
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99870079A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Eric Lechevin
Jean-Pierre Franckart
Daniele G. Galardini
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom Belgium SA
Original Assignee
Alstom Belgium SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Belgium SA filed Critical Alstom Belgium SA
Priority to EP99870079A priority Critical patent/EP1048545A1/fr
Priority to CA2371588A priority patent/CA2371588C/fr
Priority to BR0011224-0A priority patent/BR0011224A/pt
Priority to EP00920294A priority patent/EP1175325B1/fr
Priority to PCT/BE2000/000043 priority patent/WO2000066412A1/fr
Priority to IL14596400A priority patent/IL145964A0/xx
Priority to MXPA01011013A priority patent/MXPA01011013A/es
Priority to EA200101003A priority patent/EA200101003A1/ru
Priority to DZ003153A priority patent/DZ3153A1/xx
Priority to US10/031,274 priority patent/US7938370B1/en
Priority to JP2000615265A priority patent/JP4176311B2/ja
Priority to CZ20013687A priority patent/CZ297573B6/cs
Priority to DE60003670T priority patent/DE60003670D1/de
Priority to AU40950/00A priority patent/AU761240B2/en
Priority to APAP/P/2001/002311A priority patent/AP2001002311A0/en
Priority to HU0200820A priority patent/HUP0200820A2/hu
Priority to CNB008069654A priority patent/CN1162291C/zh
Priority to TR2001/03024T priority patent/TR200103024T2/xx
Priority to PL00351926A priority patent/PL195187B1/pl
Priority to SK1471-2001A priority patent/SK286883B6/sk
Priority to OA1200100286A priority patent/OA11934A/fr
Priority to UA2001107365A priority patent/UA57179C2/uk
Priority to AT00920294T priority patent/ATE244174T1/de
Priority to KR1020017013245A priority patent/KR100684465B1/ko
Publication of EP1048545A1 publication Critical patent/EP1048545A1/fr
Priority to IS6099A priority patent/IS6099A/is
Priority to ZA200108635A priority patent/ZA200108635B/en
Priority to MA26387A priority patent/MA25456A1/fr
Priority to BG106052A priority patent/BG106052A/xx
Priority to HR20010801A priority patent/HRP20010801A2/hr
Priority to NO20015319A priority patent/NO20015319D0/no
Priority to HK02107048.5A priority patent/HK1045482B/zh
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61LGUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L3/00Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal
    • B61L3/02Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control
    • B61L3/08Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically
    • B61L3/12Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61LGUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L25/00Recording or indicating positions or identities of vehicles or trains or setting of track apparatus
    • B61L25/02Indicating or recording positions or identities of vehicles or trains
    • B61L25/021Measuring and recording of train speed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61LGUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L3/00Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal
    • B61L3/02Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control
    • B61L3/08Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically
    • B61L3/12Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves
    • B61L3/121Devices along the route for controlling devices on the vehicle or train, e.g. to release brake or to operate a warning signal at selected places along the route, e.g. intermittent control simultaneous mechanical and electrical control controlling electrically using magnetic or electrostatic induction; using radio waves using magnetic induction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method intended for measuring the speed of a vehicle running on a railway type track.
  • the present invention also relates to the installation intended for the implementation of this process.
  • beacons along railroad tracks in order to perform a measurement of the speed of the vehicle traveling on these tracks.
  • beacons which are arranged at known and fixed distances emit a signal.
  • the vehicle passing near this tag detects using an antenna the passage above the first tag and performs a time measurement until the passage of the second beacon.
  • the tags are placed at relatively large distances, and it essentially to measure average speeds over the distance travelled.
  • An electrical joint is consisting of two chord blocks used for coupling energy of the sections of track adjacent to each block okay and the short track distance between these two chord blocks (15 to 30 meters).
  • first chord block serves as a transmitter at a frequency given while the second chord block serves as a receiver at another frequency.
  • the functions of the electrical seal are on the one hand to prevent the propagation of the signal of a track circuit to the adjacent track circuit and other part of coupling the transmitter and the receiver with the way.
  • the present invention aims to provide a solution that can offer the maximum guarantees of safety in the railway sense of the term to the extent of speed of a vehicle moving on a type track rail.
  • the present invention aims more particularly to propose a process which allows a estimate of average speed independently causes of errors due for example to skating and the axle clutch, and which is based on the detection the passage of a train of joints separating the different track circuits.
  • the present invention aims to provide a system that can get rid of tag placement on along the tracks.
  • the present invention aims to use already present equipment which allow the location of the train and which are made up by track circuits with electrical seals.
  • the present invention relates to a method of measuring the speed of a vehicle equipped with a antenna and traveling on a track with two rails in the form of sections of track called "cantonments" separated by electrical seals, each electrical joint consisting of two tuning blocks and the predetermined section of track located between them, each of the tuning blocks allowing energy coupling for the adjacent section of track serving as a block, characterized in that at least two are detected current or voltage discontinuities of the signal seen by an antenna present in the vehicle traveling on the track near the regions of the first and second chord blocks of the same electrical joint, in order to measure the speed of the vehicle traveling on the track.
  • the first discontinuity is obtained during passage of the axle to the right of the first block of agreement for the frequency of this first chord block.
  • the second discontinuity is obtained in exerting an electrical action at the frequency of the first chord block.
  • This second discontinuity is obtained by creating an electric or magnetic field in the region of second chord block.
  • This electric or magnetic field is generated by a current proportional to the current emitted by the voltage injected at the first chord block. This field is generated directly by the current emitted by said voltage.
  • the action electric is a voltage injected in series with the voltage at the second frequency of the second chord block. This voltage injected in series is proportional to that which is injected into the first chord block.
  • the action electric is the injection of a current into a generator of voltage present in the second chord block, this current traversing a loop arranged between the rails, said current being proportional to the current emitted by the voltage injected into the first chord block.
  • the signal detected by the antenna located on board the vehicle traveling on the track is filtered at the frequency of the voltage injected at the first tuning block.
  • the present invention also relates to an installation for implementing the process such as previously described, in which the path is organized in the form of cantonments separated by joints electrical, each electrical joint consisting of at least minus two chord blocks and the short track section located between them.
  • This installation includes means to generate at least two discontinuities in current or in voltage in the signal seen by the antenna present in the vehicle traveling on the track near the regions of first and second chord blocks of the same joint electric.
  • An electrical seal as shown in Figure 1 consists of a first TU.F1 chord block located a first side (left), which will serve as a transmitter in view to generate a voltage in the channel at the frequency F1 and allows the energy coupling of this first side (left) of the lane adjacent to the chord block.
  • a second block agree TU.F3, placed at a distance of 15 to 30 meters, allows the energy coupling of the other part of the track (right) adjacent to this chord block.
  • This second block agree serves as a receiver for a frequency F3. he could possibly also be a transmitter which would generate a voltage at frequency F3.
  • Figure 2 shows a track circuit comprising several sections of track organized in cantonments and separated by electrical seals each consisting of two chord blocks coupled two to of them.
  • F1 the two tuning blocks TU.F1 and TU.F1 'are equivalent to a capacity which achieves track section agreement (block 1) included between these two blocks, while the two chord blocks TU.F3 and TU.F3 'are equivalent to short circuits to this same frequency (F1).
  • block 1 the two tuning blocks TU.F1 and TU.F1 'are equivalent to a capacity which achieves track section agreement (block 1) included between these two blocks, while the two chord blocks TU.F3 and TU.F3 'are equivalent to short circuits to this same frequency (F1).
  • F3 the function of the chord blocks is then reversed.
  • the passing axle 3 creates a shunt or short circuit between rails 1 and 2. More precisely, the behavior of the current I generated at frequency F1 and present in the rail 1 in front of axle 3 is modified.
  • the present invention consists in creating a second 8U discontinuity near the second block agree TU.F3 and use these two discontinuities occurring at a known distance in order to be able to calculate the average train speed between the two positions where produce said discontinuities.
  • a loop 4 between rails 1 and 2 near the TU.F3 block receiver component and equivalent to a short circuit to the frequency F3.
  • This loop 4 is supplied by a current at the frequency F1 which is preferably proportional to the current of block TU.F1. It is preferably connected in series with this block.
  • the field magnetic generated by loop 4 creates the second discontinuity 8 necessary for the implementation of the process according to the present invention.
  • the TU.F3 block is equivalent to a short circuit for the frequency F1.
  • the generator 5 is preferably supplied from the power supply of the TU.F1 block.
  • a current generator 6 is connected in parallel to the terminals of the TU.F3 block.
  • the flow thus generated traverses the loop 9 arranged between the two rails 1 and 2, thereby creating a detectable magnetic field at this place.
  • the generator 6 at the frequency F1 is advantageously arranged in series with the TU.F1 block and creates thus the second discontinuity sought 8.
  • FIG. 9 shows the current I in depending on the distance traveled on the rails in positioning the block TU.F1 creating the first discontinuity at -18 m and the TU.F3 block creating the second discontinuity at point 0.
  • the cost of installing the device additional is relatively reduced and thus allows obtain a relatively precise measurement of the speed of the train running on a track. Furthermore, the measurement of this speed remains independent of a precise positioning of tags, for example, whose displacement could intervene in the event of track maintenance interventions, climatic phenomena, wheel engagement, etc.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Automobile Manufacture Line, Endless Track Vehicle, Trailer (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
EP99870079A 1999-04-30 1999-04-30 Procédé de mesure de la vitesse d'un véhicule sur rails et installation destinée à cet effet Withdrawn EP1048545A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (31)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99870079A EP1048545A1 (fr) 1999-04-30 1999-04-30 Procédé de mesure de la vitesse d'un véhicule sur rails et installation destinée à cet effet
HU0200820A HUP0200820A2 (en) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 Method for measuring the speed of a rail vehicle and equipment for carrying out the method
KR1020017013245A KR100684465B1 (ko) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 철도 차량의 속도 측정 방법 및 그 장치
EP00920294A EP1175325B1 (fr) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 Procede de mesure de la vitesse d'un vehicule sur rails et installation destinee a cet effet
PCT/BE2000/000043 WO2000066412A1 (fr) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 Procede de mesure de la vitesse d'un vehicule sur rails et installation destinee a cet effet
IL14596400A IL145964A0 (en) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 Method for measuring the speed of a rail vehicle and installation therefor
MXPA01011013A MXPA01011013A (es) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 Procedimiento de medicion de la velocidad de un vehiculo sobre railes e instalacion destinada a este fin.
TR2001/03024T TR200103024T2 (tr) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 Ray üzerindeki bir aracın hızını ölçme yöntemi ve bu amaca yönelik tertibat.
DZ003153A DZ3153A1 (fr) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 Procédé de mesure de la vitesse d'un véhicule sur rails et installation destinée à cet effet.
US10/031,274 US7938370B1 (en) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 Method for measuring the speed of a rail vehicle and installation therefor
JP2000615265A JP4176311B2 (ja) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 レール走行車両の速度測定法およびそのための装置
CZ20013687A CZ297573B6 (cs) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 Zpusob merení rychlosti kolejového vozidla a zarízení pro jeho provádení
DE60003670T DE60003670D1 (de) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 Geschwindigkeitsmessverfahren für ein schienenfahrzeug und einrichtung dazu
AU40950/00A AU761240B2 (en) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 Method for measuring the speed of a rail vehicle and installation therefor
APAP/P/2001/002311A AP2001002311A0 (en) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 Method for measuring the speed of a rail vehicle and installation therefor.
CA2371588A CA2371588C (fr) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 Procede de mesure de la vitesse d'un vehicule sur rails et installation destinee a cet effet
CNB008069654A CN1162291C (zh) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 铁路车辆的速度的测量方法及其设备
EA200101003A EA200101003A1 (ru) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 Способ измерения скорости рельсового транспортного средства и устройство для реализации способа
PL00351926A PL195187B1 (pl) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 Sposób i instalacja do pomiaru prędkości pojazdu szynowego
SK1471-2001A SK286883B6 (sk) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 Spôsob merania rýchlosti koľajového vozidla a zariadenie na vykonávanie tohto spôsobu
OA1200100286A OA11934A (en) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 Procédé de mesure de la vitesse d'un véhicule sur rails et installation destinée à cet effet.
UA2001107365A UA57179C2 (uk) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 Спосіб виміру швидкості рейкового транспортного засобу і пристрій для реалізації способу
AT00920294T ATE244174T1 (de) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 Geschwindigkeitsmessverfahren für ein schienenfahrzeug und einrichtung dazu
BR0011224-0A BR0011224A (pt) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 Processo de medição da velocidade de um veìculo sobre, carris e, instalação destinada a tal efeito
IS6099A IS6099A (is) 1999-04-30 2001-10-03 Aðferð til að mæla hraða á járnbrautarfarartæki og uppsetning fyrir það
ZA200108635A ZA200108635B (en) 1999-04-30 2001-10-19 Method for measuring the speed of a rail vehicle and installation therefor.
MA26387A MA25456A1 (fr) 1999-04-30 2001-10-26 Procede de mesure de la vitesse d'un vehicule sur rails et installation destinee a cet effet.
BG106052A BG106052A (en) 1999-04-30 2001-10-26 Method for measuring the speed of a rail vehicle and installation therefor
HR20010801A HRP20010801A2 (en) 1999-04-30 2001-10-29 Method for measuring the speed of a rail vehicle and installation therefor
NO20015319A NO20015319D0 (no) 1999-04-30 2001-10-30 Fremgangsmåte for måling av et kjöretöys hastighet og anlegg til dette
HK02107048.5A HK1045482B (zh) 1999-04-30 2002-09-26 鐵路車輛的速度的測量方法及其設備

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99870079A EP1048545A1 (fr) 1999-04-30 1999-04-30 Procédé de mesure de la vitesse d'un véhicule sur rails et installation destinée à cet effet

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1048545A1 true EP1048545A1 (fr) 2000-11-02

Family

ID=8243821

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99870079A Withdrawn EP1048545A1 (fr) 1999-04-30 1999-04-30 Procédé de mesure de la vitesse d'un véhicule sur rails et installation destinée à cet effet
EP00920294A Expired - Lifetime EP1175325B1 (fr) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 Procede de mesure de la vitesse d'un vehicule sur rails et installation destinee a cet effet

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00920294A Expired - Lifetime EP1175325B1 (fr) 1999-04-30 2000-04-20 Procede de mesure de la vitesse d'un vehicule sur rails et installation destinee a cet effet

Country Status (30)

Country Link
US (1) US7938370B1 (pt)
EP (2) EP1048545A1 (pt)
JP (1) JP4176311B2 (pt)
KR (1) KR100684465B1 (pt)
CN (1) CN1162291C (pt)
AP (1) AP2001002311A0 (pt)
AT (1) ATE244174T1 (pt)
AU (1) AU761240B2 (pt)
BG (1) BG106052A (pt)
BR (1) BR0011224A (pt)
CA (1) CA2371588C (pt)
CZ (1) CZ297573B6 (pt)
DE (1) DE60003670D1 (pt)
DZ (1) DZ3153A1 (pt)
EA (1) EA200101003A1 (pt)
HK (1) HK1045482B (pt)
HR (1) HRP20010801A2 (pt)
HU (1) HUP0200820A2 (pt)
IL (1) IL145964A0 (pt)
IS (1) IS6099A (pt)
MA (1) MA25456A1 (pt)
MX (1) MXPA01011013A (pt)
NO (1) NO20015319D0 (pt)
OA (1) OA11934A (pt)
PL (1) PL195187B1 (pt)
SK (1) SK286883B6 (pt)
TR (1) TR200103024T2 (pt)
UA (1) UA57179C2 (pt)
WO (1) WO2000066412A1 (pt)
ZA (1) ZA200108635B (pt)

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US9733625B2 (en) 2006-03-20 2017-08-15 General Electric Company Trip optimization system and method for a train
US10308265B2 (en) 2006-03-20 2019-06-04 Ge Global Sourcing Llc Vehicle control system and method
US9950722B2 (en) 2003-01-06 2018-04-24 General Electric Company System and method for vehicle control
US9956974B2 (en) 2004-07-23 2018-05-01 General Electric Company Vehicle consist configuration control
US9828010B2 (en) 2006-03-20 2017-11-28 General Electric Company System, method and computer software code for determining a mission plan for a powered system using signal aspect information
US8914171B2 (en) 2012-11-21 2014-12-16 General Electric Company Route examining system and method
KR101685630B1 (ko) 2010-03-02 2016-12-13 삼성전자주식회사 2상 딜레이 라인과 듀티 교정회로를 갖는 지연 동기 루프 및 그의 듀티 교정방법
AU2013299501B2 (en) 2012-08-10 2017-03-09 Ge Global Sourcing Llc Route examining system and method
KR101312076B1 (ko) 2013-06-25 2013-09-25 한국기계연구원 전차속도 측정장치
US9255913B2 (en) 2013-07-31 2016-02-09 General Electric Company System and method for acoustically identifying damaged sections of a route
US10006877B2 (en) 2014-08-20 2018-06-26 General Electric Company Route examining system and method
CN211826092U (zh) 2018-09-11 2020-10-30 贝克顿·迪金森公司 具有自动化位置获悉的用于诊断测试的机器人样品制备系统

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2153571A (en) * 1984-01-30 1985-08-21 Westinghouse Brake & Signal Track circuit
WO1997012796A1 (fr) * 1995-09-29 1997-04-10 Gec Alsthom Acec Transport S.A. Procede destine a permettre le freinage et/ou l'arret d'un vehicule circulant sur une voie ainsi qu'installation destinee a cet effet

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4270716A (en) * 1979-03-30 1981-06-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Transit vehicle speed control apparatus and method
JP2663318B2 (ja) * 1992-03-05 1997-10-15 株式会社京三製作所 速度検出器
JP2898846B2 (ja) * 1993-05-24 1999-06-02 新日本製鐵株式会社 定位置停止制御装置

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2153571A (en) * 1984-01-30 1985-08-21 Westinghouse Brake & Signal Track circuit
WO1997012796A1 (fr) * 1995-09-29 1997-04-10 Gec Alsthom Acec Transport S.A. Procede destine a permettre le freinage et/ou l'arret d'un vehicule circulant sur une voie ainsi qu'installation destinee a cet effet

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TR200103024T2 (tr) 2002-05-21
BG106052A (en) 2002-05-31
HK1045482B (zh) 2005-02-18
ZA200108635B (en) 2003-02-20
BR0011224A (pt) 2002-05-14
CZ20013687A3 (cs) 2002-04-17
MXPA01011013A (es) 2002-05-06
IS6099A (is) 2001-10-03
AP2001002311A0 (en) 2001-12-31
JP4176311B2 (ja) 2008-11-05
AU761240B2 (en) 2003-05-29
OA11934A (en) 2006-04-12
CZ297573B6 (cs) 2007-02-07
NO20015319L (no) 2001-10-30
KR20020000562A (ko) 2002-01-05
US7938370B1 (en) 2011-05-10
SK14712001A3 (sk) 2002-04-04
WO2000066412A1 (fr) 2000-11-09
HUP0200820A2 (en) 2002-07-29
HK1045482A1 (en) 2002-11-29
HRP20010801A2 (en) 2002-12-31
EP1175325A1 (fr) 2002-01-30
CN1162291C (zh) 2004-08-18
MA25456A1 (fr) 2002-07-01
PL351926A1 (en) 2003-07-14
ATE244174T1 (de) 2003-07-15
IL145964A0 (en) 2002-07-25
CN1349462A (zh) 2002-05-15
AU4095000A (en) 2000-11-17
CA2371588A1 (fr) 2000-11-09
JP2002543406A (ja) 2002-12-17
NO20015319D0 (no) 2001-10-30
EP1175325B1 (fr) 2003-07-02
UA57179C2 (uk) 2003-06-16
SK286883B6 (sk) 2009-07-06
EA200101003A1 (ru) 2002-04-25
PL195187B1 (pl) 2007-08-31
DZ3153A1 (fr) 2000-11-09
DE60003670D1 (de) 2003-08-07
CA2371588C (fr) 2010-02-16
KR100684465B1 (ko) 2007-02-22

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