EP1034330B1 - Document de securite comportant des particules magnetiques - Google Patents
Document de securite comportant des particules magnetiques Download PDFInfo
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- EP1034330B1 EP1034330B1 EP98955705A EP98955705A EP1034330B1 EP 1034330 B1 EP1034330 B1 EP 1034330B1 EP 98955705 A EP98955705 A EP 98955705A EP 98955705 A EP98955705 A EP 98955705A EP 1034330 B1 EP1034330 B1 EP 1034330B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- security
- magnetic particles
- coating
- magnetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
- D21H21/44—Latent security elements, i.e. detectable or becoming apparent only by use of special verification or tampering devices or methods
- D21H21/48—Elements suited for physical verification, e.g. by irradiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/004—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using digital security elements, e.g. information coded on a magnetic thread or strip
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/04—Testing magnetic properties of the materials thereof, e.g. by detection of magnetic imprint
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
- G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
- G07F7/086—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means by passive credit-cards adapted therefor, e.g. constructive particularities to avoid counterfeiting, e.g. by inclusion of a physical or chemical security-layer
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/02—Metal coatings
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
- D21H21/42—Ribbons or strips
Definitions
- the present invention relates to security documents comprising a substrate consisting of a sheet of paper and comprising magnetic particles allowing magnetic recording and storage of information according to claim 1 and a strip of Security according to claim 35 .
- the present invention relates also the uses and a method of manufacturing a security document according to the invention as well as a method of reading information recorded and stored magnetically.
- the recording of information, including the magnetization of the security document is done using inductive heads, but reading the information including magnetic presence detection is done by reading machines equipped with sensors magneto-resistive as will be explained below.
- “Security document” means any document containing particles magnetic according to the invention and possibly an additional security element, i.e. a means of authentication and / or making it possible to detect counterfeiting and / or rendering the counterfeiting difficult to carry out, in particular by photocopying.
- These may in particular be documents official, such as passports, identity cards or driver's licenses, or means of payment such as banknotes, checks or fiduciary papers, tickets or vouchers payment but also any paper that we want to be able to authenticate, such as tickets entry to sporting or cultural events, transport tickets, contracts, deeds or certificates, labels or packaging.
- paper means any sheet of paper or cardboard obtained by wet process using a suspension of natural cellulose fibers and / or fibers synthetic and may contain various mineral fillers and various additives, such as binders commonly used in stationery.
- the magnetic particles have been applied essentially on the surface of security strips incorporated in these said notes.
- security band or thread often made of a transparent polyester covered with a layer of metal vacuum deposited or printed.
- the narrow security strip can be incorporated into the bulk of the paper in whole or in part according to methods well known to those skilled in the art.
- These narrow bands may be incorporated into the paper only partially, that is to say, the band appears on the surface of the document in certain places called “windows", and this, on at least one side of the document.
- the main function of these security tapes is to constitute a technical difficulty difficult to counterfeit, visually detectable by the public by observation in transmitted and / or reflected light, and to allow detection or reading by a machine.
- Safety wires comprising a magnetic coating have been known for a long time (EP 310 707).
- the magnetism applied to the safety tapes has established itself as the most secure more reliable for reading on sorting machine.
- Safety tapes can be coated with a layer of magnetic particles continuous likely to receive information encoded by magnetic recording or not be only intermittently covered with studs comprising magnetic particles which are printed and magnetized so as to create a code (WO 90/08 367).
- Magnetic information is read mainly using inductive heads. These heads so-called “inductive heads” reading devices measure variations in magnetic flux.
- the layer of magnetism must be sufficiently concentrated in particles and thick to generate enough flow and allow good reading.
- the thickness of the magnetic layers is in the range of 10 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the magnetic layers, given their concentration high in magnetic particles appear very dark, even black. When you introduce a too dark band in the paper, it becomes very difficult to make it invisible in observation in reflected light and can then be reproduced by photocopy.
- a layer of masking either white or metallic composed of reflective particles like silver or aluminum which hides the black of the magnetic pigments but increases the manufacturing cost of the bandaged.
- the superimposition of the layers necessary for the realization of these bands - the thickness of the strip itself (approximately 12 ⁇ m) added to the thickness of the magnetic layer (about 12 ⁇ m), that of the masking layer (about 3 ⁇ m) and that of a varnish heat sealer (about 2 ⁇ m) applied to the front and back of the strip for its adhesion in the paper - lead to a total strip thickness of around 30 ⁇ m or more, which causes great difficulties of incorporation in the paper and difficulties of stacking of the paper due to the extra thicknesses created by the security strips incorporated in the paper.
- a safety element coated with particles of pure iron with very low coercivity because it is a light gray color silver and therefore less visible than usual magnetic pigments with higher coercivity in particular greater than 2000 Oe, dark or black in color.
- the item is a security thread or boards introduced at least partially into the paper in order to reduce the gray color by the paper.
- the quantities of magnetic particles to be used are not indicated, but moreover it is still considered to mask the areas containing the particles.
- the security element is very specific and does not give the possibility to record data magnetically because the soft magnetic materials described in this document, do not allow to store magnetic information because of their sensitivity to the external magnetic environment.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a security document comprising a substrate consisting of a sheet of paper, the ability to be magnetized, recorded, detected and read by machine thanks to its magnetic properties, without the need to mask areas magnetic to make them invisible.
- an object of the present invention is to be able to introduce particles homogeneously and without aggregates over a large area on the surface or in the mass of a substrate consisting of a sheet of paper.
- Another object of the present invention is to be able to encode magnetic information in increased quantity compared to the previous embodiments of document comprising a substrate consisting of a sheet of paper.
- Magnetic particles can be understood directly, i.e. as they are in the mass or in a coating on the surface of the substrate, or indirectly, i.e. by through a security element. In the latter case, said magnetic particles may be included in the mass of said security element or in a coating applied in surface of said security element, said security element itself being included in whole or in part in the mass of the substrate or applied to the surface thereof.
- security element means any element associated with the substrate, in particular the paper and helping to authenticate the document or making counterfeiting difficult. he can be, in particular, a particular coating on the surface of the substrate, or an element included in the mass or applied to the surface of the substrate, such as a plastic strip included, entirely or in part, in the mass of the substrate, or of the boards or a hologram applied to the surface of the substrate, or on another security element.
- coating on the surface of the substrate or of the security element is meant that a coating which is not, at least in part, covered by a masking layer, said layer coating that may be present on the external surface of the substrate or be located below or between other layers which themselves do not directly mask said coating, at least in part.
- the characteristic according to which “magnetic particles do not affect the appearance characteristics of said area "means that it is not necessary to mask said area to make them invisible Specifically, the characteristic that "particles do not affect the appearance characteristics of the area "means that when they are included in the mass of the substrate, or included inside a security element, itself included, in whole or in part, in the mass of the substrate, or even when they are included in a coating on the surface of the substrate, or of said security element, particles as such and appearance, including brightness (L *) and / or coordinates colorimetric (L *, a *, b *) in the CIELAB system, and / or the opacity of the substrate, and / or the element little or no change in security.
- the Delta E * color difference in the CIELAB formula between a control substrate without magnetic particles and the same substrate distinguished only by the presence of magnetic particles according to the present invention is less than 10 Plus generally, the Delta E * color difference in the CIELAB formula between a said zone comprising said magnetic particles and an area distinguished by the absence of magnetic particles, is less than 10.
- the brightness L * is greater than 70 and preferably 80.
- the substrate or the coating comprising said magnetic particles is clear to white, its ISO whiteness according to ISO 2471 (reflectance at 457 nm) is greater than or equal to 60% and / or its CIE whiteness according to the formula CIELAB is greater than or equal to 20%, under illuminant D65 without UV and at an angle 10 ° observation.
- Fillers bringing whiteness known in the paper industry as for for example titanium dioxide or calcium carbonate, can be added to improve the whiteness, in particular at rates between 2 and 10%.
- the substrate, security element or coating on the surface of the substrate or the security element are transparent or translucent their opacity is not substantially changed so that transparency is retained.
- the invention makes it possible to associate in the same zone magnetic properties with a security element such as in particular an identification element with a visual effect, in particular a element with inscriptions intended to be seen, without the presence of particles magnetic does not obscure the visual effect sought with said security element, in particular said identification element with visual effect.
- the magnetic particles can therefore be associated with all the security elements existing in security documents, in particular security papers, and / or over large areas of said security documents, which was not the case previously. They can also make it possible to record and store quantities of information, many more important than before, in particular in the form of magnetic codes and, making the area where magnetic information was recorded and stored invisible to the naked eye and invisible to the magnetic magnifier.
- reading information or detecting presence magnetic is done by sorting or reading machines equipped with magneto-resistive sensors which have a much higher sensitivity than the inductive heads previously used; we can therefore read the encoded magnetic information or simply characterize the magnetization at saturation or remanence of pigments with very high magnetic particle concentrations low, in particular, lower than the concentrations allowing detection by sensors inductive and making the presence of said particles invisible
- a characteristic of the invention linked to the sensitivity of the magneto-resistive heads, it is necessary that the magnetic particles do not form agglomerates or inhomogeneous aggregates. It is therefore necessary that magnetic particles are well individualized and uniformly dispersed and distributed in their substrate.
- a dispersion of the magnetic particles in which a good individualization of the particles is obtained which prevents re-agglomeration of said particles.
- the particles are in the form of pigments which can be coated with a layer, even a discrete (i.e. non-continuous) layer coming from the dispersion medium.
- this dispersion of particles is incorporated into the manufacturing medium said substrate or said security element or said coating on the surface of the substrate or said security element, which must contain them, the particles are stored in individualized form without re-agglomeration and they are distributed homogeneously in said substrate or said element of security or said coating even by introducing said particles at very low rates.
- the dispersion comprises a wetting and dispersing surfactant to allow the individualization of the particles and the redispersion of this dispersion in the final incorporation medium.
- the particles are stabilized against sedimentation by advantageously incorporating a rheology control agent if necessary. This way of incorporating the dispersion is particularly advantageous when the dispersion is incorporated into a liquid medium and at very high dilution rates and, moreover, with vigorous stirring because one might fear re-agglomeration by "leaching" of the particles, c that is to say by destruction of the protective and stabilizing layer which has formed around the individualized particles.
- the magnetic particles can therefore be advantageously incorporated into the mass. paper by mixing an aqueous dispersion of said particles with the mixture of fibers. in particular cellulose or cotton and conventional papermaking adjuvants for carrying out the sheet of paper.
- Said area comprising said particles may cover the entire substrate or a part only.
- magnetic particles into the mass of the substrate, or into a coating on the surface of the substrate in an area covering the entire substrate, allows to considerably expand the possibilities of using the present invention.
- the magnetic particles when included directly in the mass of the substrate, or in a coating on the surface of the substrate, they can be in a localized area, especially under form of a strip, in particular of width from 1 to 5 cm by methods known to those skilled in the art art, said area not necessarily covering the entire substrate.
- the present invention is particularly advantageous when the substrate comprising said magnetic particles is a light-colored, especially white, paper substrate, cream or pale yellow.
- the brightness L * of the system CIELAB is greater than 70 and preferably 80.
- the ISO whiteness according to ISO 2471 is preferably greater than or equal to 60% and the CIE whiteness according to the CIELAB formula is preferably greater than or equal to 20%, measured under D65 illuminant without UV at an angle 10 ° observation.
- this coating may consist of an ink or a varnish or a coating or sizing composition, which can be applied respectively by printing or stationery coating.
- the coating composition may include in particular, in addition to said magnetic particles, a binder of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) type. starch or polymer in aqueous dispersion (latex), coating fillers, water and additives.
- the varnish may especially include, in addition to said magnetic particles, a binder polymer, solvent and additives.
- the coating composition can be applied by means known to those skilled in the art with coating facilities, such as press-glue machine, metal blade coater, air knife coater, CHAMPION type rotary bar coater, film transfer coater pre-dosed.
- coating facilities such as press-glue machine, metal blade coater, air knife coater, CHAMPION type rotary bar coater, film transfer coater pre-dosed.
- inks or varnishes particular mention is made of printing inks or varnishes which can be applied by gravure printing, intaglio printing, offset printing or screen printing over a thickness of 1 to 5 ⁇ m.
- printing varnishes mention may be made of soluble varnishes in aqueous medium or in organic solvent which are dried by evaporation, and fixed varnishes by UV or electronic radiation ("electron beam").
- the surface coating comprising magnetic particles may also consist of an adhesive composition applied to the surface of the substrate, in particular paper or said security element, in particular a heat-sealing varnish facilitating the holding of said security element in the mass of the substrate. especially paper.
- the coating on the surface of the substrate, in particular paper can also be made by a plastic film in the mass of which the magnetic particles are incorporated. especially a film with a thickness of 10 to 500 ⁇ m.
- said coating can advantageously be transparent or translucent.
- the particles are included in the mass of said security element, they are considered to be included in the mass of said substrate and the concentrations of particles magnetic are those indicated above when the particles are included in the mass of said substrate.
- said security element is optionally consisting of a safety strip of plastic material included, in whole or in part, in the mass of the substrate, in particular of paper, said particles being included in the mass or in a surface coating of said strip.
- the present invention it is possible to apply to a security strip, transparent magnetic layers with a thickness of 1 to 5 ⁇ m, allowing recording and detection of encoded magnetic information. Given the appearance characteristics of said magnetic layer, applied on the security strip, it is not necessary to coat the layer magnetic of a metallic masking layer.
- the thickness of the wires or security strips, according to the present invention is therefore considerably reduced compared to the embodiments safety tapes.
- the present invention therefore also relates to security bands as defined above and more particularly bands 10 to 50 ⁇ m thick and 0.5 mm to 5 cm wide, preferably 1 to 5 mm.
- the particles can be incorporated into the safety strip by depositing a layer specific magnetic or simply by mixing with existing layers, such as the protective varnish used during demetallization, the layer of heat-sealing varnish. the inks printing or incorporated in the mass of the plastic wire, itself
- security holograms are sometimes transparent holograms, i.e. no metallized or partially demetallized holograms.
- the presence of a magnetic layer dark is on the one hand incompatible with the transparency properties of the hologram and on the other hand hand, resists the partial demetallization treatment of the hologram, making it impossible to creation of an inscription with “Cleartext” type recesses
- the present invention makes it possible to associate magnetic particles with holograms of advantageously. To do this, simply mix the magnetic particles with the layers component of the hologram, such as the adhesive layer, the embossing lacquer, the protection or in the hologram adhesion primer.
- primer is meant here a layer which makes it possible to prepare the surface of the support on which the hologram is applied in improving the flatness of the support.
- the hologram constitutes a security strip, it can also be incorporated. magnetic particles in the mass of a polyester substrate of said strip or in the varnish heat-sealing, allowing the adhesion of said strip in the mass of the paper.
- the present invention provides in particular transparent or partially demetallized holograms, comprising magnetic particles.
- An additional advantage of holographic tapes is to obtain a hologram at magnetic property without affecting traditional manufacturing processes and without increasing its excessively thick.
- the present invention provides security tapes comprising magnetic particles and positive or negative inscriptions in the form of recesses. These types of threads are called usually "Cleartext Magnetic".
- Cleartext Magnetic In the prior art, a main distinction is made three embodiments. In a first embodiment, it is carried out with an ink magnetic, the inscriptions in negative The quantity of magnetic pigments and therefore the density of the residual magnetic flux is variable depending on the form of the inscriptions. Additionally, in some cases, the areas with magnetic particles are very small, so the density of the magnetic flux is insufficient to be detected, thereby destroying part of the coded message.
- a magnetic strip is applied adjacent and parallel to an area with negative inscriptions
- alternating the inscriptions in negative and the zones magnetic which requires having inscriptions on a short length or small in size width.
- the dispersion of the magnetic particles carried out before incorporation into the mass of the strip or into a thin transparent layer makes it possible to distribute them uniformly over the entire surface of the security strip.
- the magnetic particles can be superimposed on said negative inscriptions, which overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks.
- the present invention for a strip of 3 mm in width, it is possible to create signs of 2.7 mm in height, which on the one hand, increases the visibility of the inscriptions by a factor of 3 to 4 and of in addition, simplifies the process of making negative inscriptions and reduces the cost.
- the magnetic particles are included in a movie.
- This variant makes it possible to produce plastic security strips with particles in the mass, said strips being cut from said plastic film incorporating said particles.
- the protective film is a complex of a plastic film transparent, security inks (fluorescent, iridescent, etc.) and an adhesive.
- the inks of security can be transferable or non-transferable inks giving rise respectively to transferable patterns and non-transferable patterns to enhance resistance to forgery by film removal. Indeed, when attempting to remove the film, the transferable patterns remain on the document while the non-transferable patterns are removed with the film.
- the magnetic particles are included in the protective film adhesive.
- the adhesive constitutes a support malleable and hot ductile recording relatively more fragile than a film. So if the adhesive consists of the adhesive protecting the passport, any attempt to lift the film alter the adhesive and destroy the recorded magnetic information, which constitutes security additional.
- the magnetic particles are included in security inks, transferable or not, of the protective film.
- the advantages of this variant are the same as for the adhesive.
- the present invention therefore makes it possible to produce a security document consisting of a official document such as a passport, identity card or driver's license sheet or a substrate for the manufacture of such an official document, in which said particles magnetic are applied in the mass of said substrate or on a protective plastic film transparency of the said passport, identity card or driving license sheet or else in an adhesive allowing the adhesion of said film on said sheet or even in inks of security of said protective film.
- a security document consisting of a official document such as a passport, identity card or driver's license sheet or a substrate for the manufacture of such an official document, in which said particles magnetic are applied in the mass of said substrate or on a protective plastic film transparency of the said passport, identity card or driving license sheet or else in an adhesive allowing the adhesion of said film on said sheet or even in inks of security of said protective film.
- the present invention also makes it possible to produce a security document consisting of a packaging sheet or a sheet of paper intended for the manufacture of a packaging sheet, said magnetic particles being incorporated into the mass of the substrate constituting said sheet or in a coating applied to the surface of said substrate.
- the present invention also makes it possible to produce paper security labels. particularly advantageous.
- Magnetic particles can be incorporated into the mass of the substrate or in a coating applied to the surface of the substrate on the front of the label, in particular in a coating of the transparent varnish type, or on the back, in particular in a adhesive applied to the surface of said substrate on its back.
- the magnetic information recorded is never visible even on the back through a transparent support on which the label is applied like a bottle, in particular, when it is a label of a bottle of wine or perfume bottle.
- the magnetic information can be presented according to various embodiments.
- the support comprises zones discontinuous with magnetic particles and the recording of magnetic bits is done under form of studs, in particular by printing studs with magnetic ink on a support.
- the support comprises a succession of regions covered with magnetic ink and regions not covered with magnetic ink.
- it is not necessary to use particles with strong coercitivities because one does not detect a value of magnetization in the regions covered but only the presence or absence of magnetic magnetization. Even if said magnetic zones (pads) were magnetized and then demagnetized during the use of the support, just re-magnetize the zones (pads) by bringing them to magnetic saturation before perform the detection.
- the support comprises magnetic particles in at least one continuous zone and the recording of logical bits is done by magnetization with fields whose direction of magnetization is reversed in localized regions. More precisely, we bring certain regions of the support to saturation in one direction or another, said regions then corresponding to bits "0" or respectively "1" of the coded information. We analyzes the data signal at each clock pulse communicated on another track.
- the support comprises magnetic particles in at least one continuous zone and the recording is done according to an F / 2F type encoding as described in ISO standards 7811-3 and 7811-6. Clock and bit tracks are merged. If the bit is a "1" there is a flow transition that takes place between two pulses clock, if the bit is a "0", there are no flow transitions between two pulses clock.
- coercivity particles of 15.5 ⁇ 10 3 to 800 ⁇ 10 3 A / m (approximately 200 to 10,000 Oe) are used in particular.
- the so-called low coercivity materials have a coercivity of 15.5 x 10 3 to 32 x 10 3 A / m (about 200 to 400 Oe) and are generally iron oxides.
- the so-called medium coercivity materials have a coercivity between 32.10 3 and 135.10 3 A / m (about 400 to 1700 Oe) and are generally iron oxides doped with cobalt or chromium dioxides.
- the so-called high coercivity materials have a coercivity of 135.10 3 to 800.10 3 A / m (about 1700 to 10 000 Oe), such as barium or strontium ferrites in particular respectively BaFe 12 O 19 or SrFe 12 O 19 are commonly used.
- the present invention makes it possible to identify a product and better still follow in the industrial and commercial circuit. She allows to fight fraud and improve quality control, while enabling management from production to stock keeping.
- Another example is related to acts of counterfeiting carried out for the imitation of products major brands or drugs or products with serious consequences for the safety of people or property.
- Another example is linked to the diversionary acts authentic products in distribution circuits parallel to distribution networks selective or exclusive. Similarly, when products prove to be defective in use, it is imperative to be able to find them to withdraw, exchange or revise them.
- Traceability is a legal obligation in the case of certain products as for automobiles and their spare parts, for products subject to approval, the medicines subject to marketing authorization or certain food products.
- traceability The ability to find the history, use or location of an entity by means of registered identifications ”.
- Traceability applies to the monitoring of a group of same items, bearing the same lot number as a reference, called statistical identification, or to identified objects individually, then called registration, or to a sequential identification of identified operations or operators.
- the linear bar codes (1D) in particular the bar code says logistics which translates the EAN 128 standardized coding, the densest in information currently used for logistical monitoring of a product. It symbolizes both the information concerning the compulsory main identifier (date of manufacture and / or number of lot) and additional information relating to the logistics unit (information concerning manufacturing, transport and customer), to ensure product traceability from its one downside to this type of barcode is that it requires tolerances for direct printing that are difficult to obtain with any medium. Through example, if the print media is a porous cardboard, it will absorb too much of the print ink and will not allow printing of well-defined small sizes, otherwise the code will be difficult to read. Another disadvantage is that the amount of information it can contain is limited.
- the two-dimensional (2D) bar codes which are formed by a stack of several codes linear bars that appear in the form of a checkerboard and, more recently, have appeared matrix codes that are no longer in the form of bars, but of points or squares light and dark. They require specific decoding software which does not allow very fast data processing.
- One of the disadvantages of these various barcodes is their visibility. recognizable optically and are therefore violable.
- Another disadvantage is to be a information medium with permanent memory and therefore not with evolving memory. In Indeed, part of the information can be fixed such as the date and place of manufacture, the raw materials used in manufacturing, batch number, while another party may vary and be individualized, that is to say dynamic, during the circulation circuit of the product.
- Another disadvantage is the important place they take on the object because of their cut ; it is therefore difficult to apply them to an object of small dimensions.
- Another drawback is their lack of aesthetics, which can be particularly annoying when worn on luxury packaging or on containers (flasks, bottles, etc.), with desired shapes and / or patterns.
- microchip Another way to record the traceability of a developing product is the microchip.
- This chip is incorporated into a label or directly into the product. Although it has the possibility of storing permanent and evolving information at the same time, it has the disadvantage of being too large (around 2 mm 2 ) to be discreetly incorporated into a label or packaging or the product itself; it is all the thicker when it is activated, that is to say when it is implemented with an induction winding which supplies it with the operating energy and taken up in resin. Its lack of flexibility limits its incorporation into rigid supports. Furthermore, its cost price is high.
- the chip can be located easily, by visual identification or by touch. It is not truly inviolable, it can be removed and replaced by another.
- a document according to the present invention can therefore provide an information medium magnetic identification and traceability of an invisible product and / or process and with a large and scalable memory which allows to record and store a large amount of information, some being permanent and others evolving.
- this support is compatible with anti-theft systems such as devices electromagnetic circuits remotely detectable by radio frequency or devices magnetoacoustics, i.e. it must not disturb the detection, activation and deactivation of these various devices.
- a document according to the invention makes it possible to put in evidence an attempt to alter a product; for example, when replacing a product donated by another in a bottle, bottle or box.
- the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a document of security according to the invention, characterized in that said magnetic particles are incorporated into the mass of the substrate or in a said coating on the surface of said substrate or said security element in said area.
- Said particles have a size and a concentration such that they do not affect not the appearance characteristics of said area and allow a uniform distribution of particles in said area as previously mentioned.
- a dispersion of magnetic particles is mixed with the material of the substrate or a coating applied to the surface of the substrate.
- Different types of coatings that can be applied to the substrate surface have been described above.
- an aqueous dispersion of magnetic particles is mixed according to the invention with the paper pulp to be used for the manufacture of said substrate consisting of a sheet of paper or cardboard.
- said particles are incorporated in a coating applied to the surface of the security element, and incorporating said security element into the mass of said substrate or applying said security element security on the surface of said substrate.
- a coating applied to the surface of the security element and incorporating said security element into the mass of said substrate or applying said security element security on the surface of said substrate.
- This dispersion is then incorporated into the mass of the substrate, or in a said coating on the surface of the substrate of said security element according to a homogeneous distribution in said zone by mixing the dispersion of magnetic particles with the manufacturing medium of said substrate or said element security or of said coating, said dispersion being optionally previously diluted in a medium compatible with said manufacturing medium, so as to obtain a desired level of particles.
- FIGS. 1 to 6 represent the signals obtained with the papers of examples 1 to 6 for encoding of type 2F and in FIG. 7 which represents the signal obtained with the paper of Example 5 for an F / 2F type encoding.
- the dilution rate of the mixture is 3.6 g / l where, for example for 0.06% of particles introduced by dry weight, the dilution rate magnetic particles is approximately 2 mg / l (therefore of the order of ppm).
- the magnetic particles are particles of iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) and have a coercivity of 23.87 x 10 3 A / m (300 Oe); the largest particle size is less than about 1 ⁇ m.
- An aqueous dispersion of magnetic particles was obtained as follows.
- a coarse iron oxide powder is added with stirring to an aqueous solution of a surfactant, both wetting and dispersing, such as an ammonium salt of poly (acrylic acid) and optionally a resin of grinding such as PVA which has good compatibility with the medium to which it will be incorporated subsequently, namely the fibrous suspension.
- a paste with a high particle content is obtained, called grinding paste, which is then ground in a horizontal type ball mill to destroy the agglomerates and individualize the particles so as to obtain particles of size less than 1 ⁇ .
- individualized magnetizable particles is then rediluted and stabilized against sedimentation by adding a rheology-modifying agent, such as, for example, an aqueous gel of bentonites or pyrogenic silicas.
- a rheology-modifying agent such as, for example, an aqueous gel of bentonites or pyrogenic silicas.
- the dispersion obtained contains 10% of magnetic particles by dry weight.
- the sheets of paper obtained have an average grammage of 93 g / m 2 .
- the surface of the paper obtained is treated in a size press with a solution of starch and a starch insolubilizer, a melamine-formaldehyde resin, in order to improve their printability.
- the finished samples have a grammage of 95 g / m 2 and an average thickness of 122 ⁇ m.
- magnetic papers having a Delta E * in color deviation strictly less than 10 are suitable. Indeed, the papers corresponding to 0.10% by weight of magnetic particles introduced into the paper pulp which have a Delta E * of 9.8 are suitable; this rate corresponds to about 0.076% by dry weight of ferric oxide particles retained in the mass of the paper according to a calculation based on the determination of the iron level.
- a good recording and good reading of the magnetic data is obtained by a magnetoresistive head on all the samples corresponding to at least 0.04% of magnetic particles introduced during their manufacture (0.02% calculated). This confirms good retention of the particles and their homogeneous distribution without reagglomeration in the substrate. Good reading is understood here to mean a sufficiently large difference in amplitude of the signal relative to the background noise and good reproducibility of the recorded signal.
- Figures 1 to 6 represent the signals obtained by a 2F type encoding with the papers of Examples 1 to 6 respectively.
- FIG. 7 represents the signal obtained for an F / 2F type encoding with the paper of Example 5.
- magnetic paper can be produced which may be suitable as paper to make a banknote as follows:
- the aqueous dispersion of magnetic particles used in the preceding examples is added, at a rate of 0.05% by dry weight and also 6% is added.
- dry weight of titanium dioxide pigments as mineral fillers providing whiteness and opacity.
- a wet strength agent 3% by dry weight, of a melamine-formaldehyde resin
- a cationic retention agent [0.5% by dry weight of a polyacrylamide]; the percentages are expressed in dry weight relative to cotton fibers.
- the dilution rate of the magnetic particles is of the order of ppm. We form the sheet. We press the sheet.
- the paper is impregnated with a solution of polyvinyl alcohol and possibly an antibacterial agent to improve the printability of the paper and provide the resistance necessary for the circulation of the banknote.
- the finished samples have a grammage of 87 g / m 2 and an average thickness of 120 ⁇ m.
- the samples are intaglio printed in order to see the influence of the relief of the printing on the reading of the encoded signal.
- the intaglio samples are also used to carry out the circulation resistance tests usually required for banknotes. These tests are tests of resistance to creasing in a humid environment, to dry conditions and of resistance to washing with a detergent.
- the brightness L * is 90.9, a * is 4.61 and b * is 9.53.
- a magnetic paper which may be suitable as paper for making a banknote in the following manner: To a suspension of cotton fibers dispersed in water, the aqueous dispersion of magnetic particles described below is added, at a rate of 0.05% by dry weight and also 6%, by dry weight, of titanium dioxide pigments as mineral fillers providing whiteness and opacity. We refine this suspension. Then adding a wet strength agent (3% by dry weight of a melamine-formaldehyde resin) and a cationic retention agent [0.5% by dry weight of a polyacrylamide], the percentages being expressed relative to the cotton fibers. We redilute in the machine headbox.
- the dilution rate of the magnetic particles is of the order of ppm.
- the paper is impregnated with a solution of polyvinyl alcohol, and optionally an antibacterial agent, to improve the printability of the paper and provide the resistance necessary for the circulation of the banknote.
- the sheet is dried at around 100 ° C.
- the finished samples have a grammage of 90 g / m 2 and an average thickness of 120 ⁇ m.
- the magnetic particles are barium ferrites and have a coercivity of 218.84 x 10 3 A / m (2750 Oe); the largest particle size is less than about 1 ⁇ m.
- the aqueous dispersion of magnetic particles was obtained as follows. A barium ferrite powder is added with stirring to an aqueous solution of a surfactant, both wetting and dispersing such as an ammonium salt of poly (acrylic acid) and optionally a grinding resin such as PVA which has good compatibility with the fibrous suspension to which it will be incorporated later.
- a surfactant both wetting and dispersing such as an ammonium salt of poly (acrylic acid) and optionally a grinding resin such as PVA which has good compatibility with the fibrous suspension to which it will be incorporated later.
- the paste obtained, called grinding paste is then ground in a horizontal type ball mill to destroy the agglomerates and individualize the particles so as to obtain particles of size less than 1 ⁇ .
- the concentrate of individualized magnetic particles is then rediluted and stabilized against the sedimentation of the particles by adding a rheology-modifying agent, such as for example an aqueous gel of bentonites or of pyrogenic silicas.
- a rheology-modifying agent such as for example an aqueous gel of bentonites or of pyrogenic silicas.
- the dispersion contains, by dry weight, 10 percent of magnetic particles.
- the luminosity L * is 89.12, a * of 1.1 and b * of 4.5.
- a control without magnetic particles was produced which had L * of 94.0, a * of - 0.9 and b * of 4.6.
- the color difference Delta E * is 5.33.
- the ticket is encoded in F / 2F and the reading of the magnetic data on the sample comprising magnetic particles is easily read again. This confirms good retention of the particles and their homogeneous distribution without reagglomeration in the substrate.
- the brightness L * is more than 80 and the recording and playback results are satisfactory
- the magnetic layer is deposited by rotogravure coating at a rate of 3 g / m 2 and contains 0.5 part of magnetic particles by dry weight per 100 parts by dry weight of the varnish without the particles; it is 3 ⁇ m thick. There are therefore approximately 15 mg / m 2 of particles.
- the heat-sealable varnish alone is deposited on the other side of the wire in order to hold the wire securely in the sheet of paper.
- the total thickness of the film is 30 ⁇ m.
- the film is cut into wires (strips) 3 mm wide.
- the wire is introduced into a banknote paper so as to make the wire appear in windows according to the method described in European patent EP 59056.
- Magnetic data is recorded and read according to the conditions described below.
- An advantage of this wire is that it is magnetically detectable and that significant characters are observed on the wire; it allows writing of magnetic data and / or significant characters visible over the entire width of the wire (the magnetic layer being transparent). Compared to the prior art, it does not require a layer for masking the magnetic zones to make them invisible and non-photocopiable and reduces the excess thicknesses linked to its introduction into a sheet of paper (because it is approximately 5 ⁇ m thick in thickness). compared to a thread of the prior art having the same information data).
- An acrylic adhesive in solvent medium (mixture of ethyl acetate and heptane) which contains the magnetic particles is applied to a substrate of white sheet of paper, for label, by scraper coating.
- 0.1 parts of the magnetic particles were introduced in the form of the magnetic dispersion of Example 9 without grinding resin and in a solvent medium of ethyl acetate such as that of the acrylic adhesive per 100 parts of the adhesive in dry weight.
- the quantity of magnetic adhesive deposited is 25 g / m 2 on a dry basis, which corresponds to approximately 25 mg / m 2 of magnetic particles.
- the support film has a thickness of 23 ⁇ m before depositing the adhesive.
- This label is applied to a plastic bottle or clear glass.
- a recording is made by an F / 2F type encoding. We read the recording without difficulty through the paper.
- a pencil-type recording system with an inductive head, by a type F / 2F encoding, permanent identification data corresponding to the product to be identified on a zone 1 according to a fictitious track located for example at the top of the label.
- a fictitious track located for example at the top of the label.
- Magnetic data is read on a pencil-type reader equipped with a head magnetoresistive. We can thus easily record the information allowing the traceability of the product.
- the magnetic data is read on a pencil-type reader equipped with a magnetoresistive head. Reading the information correctly confirms the homogeneous distribution of magnetic particles and without re-agglomeration.
- a coated paper jet is produced as follows: In water, cellulose fibers, white mineral fillers, a binder and possibly other usual additives are suspended. in stationery especially for making paper for playing cards. The sheet is dried.
- a pigmented printing-writing layer comprising the magnetic particles.
- This layer is produced by dispersing in water: 100 parts of white mineral fillers (75 parts of calcium carbonate and 25 parts of kaolin), 0.15 part of magnetic particles of the same dispersion of Example 9 (of coercivity of 218.84 x 10 3 A / m.), 10 parts of a styrene-butadiene carboxylated polymer binder in aqueous dispersion, 1 part of a viscosity regulating agent (Carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part of an optical brightener and 0.5 parts of a calcium stearate. The parts are expressed in dry weight.
- the magnetic coated paper obtained is dried and calendered. Its grammage is 142.5 g / m 2 and its thickness is approximately 143 ⁇ m.
- the quantity of glue deposited is 15 g / m 2 .
- the finished samples have a basis weight of 300 g / m 2 and an average thickness of 300 ⁇ m.
- the visual appearance of the print-write layer is not significantly altered by compared to that of a layer without magnetic particles.
- Magnetic presence of data is detected with a magnetoresistive head reader after having carried out the magnetization of the samples by inductive head. We can therefore detect a false card by absence of magnetism.
Description
En effet, il est connu, pour authentifier les papiers, notamment les billets de banque, d'y incorporer une bande étroite en plastique, dite « bande ou fil de sécurité », souvent constituée d'un polyester transparent recouvert d'une couche de métal déposée sous vide ou imprimée. La bande étroite de sécurité peut être incorporée dans la masse du papier en totalité ou en partie selon des méthodes bien connues de l'homme de l'art. Ces bandes étroites peuvent n'être incorporées dans le papier que partiellement, c'est à dire, que la bande apparaít à la surface du document en certains endroits appelés « fenêtres », et ce, sur au moins une face du document. Ces bandes de sécurité ont principalement pour fonction de constituer une difficulté technique difficile à contrefaire, détectable visuellement par le public par observation en lumière transmise et/ou réfléchie, et de permettre une détection ou lecture par une machine.
lesdites particules magnétiques sont comprises dans la masse du substrat ou dans un revêtement à la surface du substrat, lesdites particules magnétiques n'affectant pas les caractéristiques d'aspect de ladite zone et lesdites particules magnétiques étant réparties de manière uniforme dans ladite zone et que lesdites particules vérifient les caractéristiques de concentrations suivantes, prises séparément ou en combinaison:
Cette façon d'incorporer la dispersion est particulièrement avantageuse lorsque l'on incorpore la dispersion à un milieu liquide et à des taux de dilution très élevés et de surcroít sous forte agitation car on pourrait craindre une réagglomérisation par un "lessivage" des particules, c'est-à-dire par destruction de la couche protectrice et stabilisante qui s'est formée autour des particules individualisées. Ceci est donc avantageux lorsque l'on incorpore la dispersion de particules magnétiques à une suspension de fibres de cellulose pour la fabrication d' un substrat consistant en une feuille de papier laquelle se fait toujours en milieu dilué. De plus, on choisit la forme et la taille des particules magnétiques comme il sera explicité ci-après.
Selon la présente invention, pour une bande de 3 mm de largeur, il est possible de créer des signes de 2,7 mm de hauteur, ce qui d'une part, accroít la visibilité des inscriptions d'un facteur 3 à 4 et de surcroít, simplifie le procédé de réalisation des inscriptions en négatif et en réduit le coût.
Les matériaux dits de moyenne coercitivité ont une coercitivité comprise entre 32.103 et 135.103 A/m ( environ 400 à 1700 Oe) et sont en général des oxydes de fer dopes au cobalt ou des dioxydes de chrome.
Les matériaux dits de haute coercitivité ont une coercitivité de 135.103 à 800.103 A/m (environ 1700 à 10 000 Oe), tels que les ferrites de baryum ou de strontium en particulier respectivement BaFe12 O19 ou SrFe12 O19 sont couramment utilisées.
La dispersion obtenue contient 10 % de particules magnétiques en poids sec.
Les feuilles de papier obtenues ont un grammage moyen de 93 g/m2.
On traite, comme usuellement, la surface du papier obtenu en presse encolleuse par une solution d'amidon et d'un insolubilisant de l'amidon, une résine mélamine-formaldéhyde, dans le but d'améliorer leur imprimabilité.
Les échantillons finis ont un grammage de 95 g/m2 et une épaisseur moyenne de 122 µm.
On obtient un bon enregistrement et une bonne lecture des données magnétiques par une tête magnétorésistive sur tous les échantillons correspondant à au moins 0,04% de particules magnétiques introduites lors de leur fabrication (0,02 % calculé). Ceci confirme une bonne rétention des particules et leur répartition homogène et sans réagglomération dans le substrat. On entend ici part bonne lecture une différence d'amplitude du signal suffisamment grande par rapport au bruit de fond et une bonne reproductibilité du signal enregistré.
On forme la feuille. On presse la feuille.
On imprègne le papier par une solution d'alcool polyvinylique et éventuellement d'un antibactéricide pour améliorer l'imprimabilité du papier et apporter la résistance nécessaire à la circulation du billet.
Les échantillons finis ont un grammage de 87 g/m2 et une épaisseur moyenne de 120 µm.
On imprime les échantillons en taille-douce afin de voir l'influence du relief de l'impression sur la lecture du signal encodé.
On réalise également sur les échantillons imprimés en taille douce, des tests de résistance à la circulation requis habituellement pour les billets de banque. Ces tests sont des tests de résistance au froissage en milieu humide, à sec et de résistance au lavage avec une lessive. La luminosité L* est de 90,9, a* est de 4,61 et b* est de 9,53.
Les résultats d'enregistrement et de lecture faits sur les échantillons avant l'impression en taille-douce et après cette impression puis soumis aux tests sont donnés dans le Tableau 3.
On obtient un bon enregistrement et une bonne lecture des données magnétiques sur l'échantillon comportant des particules magnétiques. Ceci confirme une bonne rétention des particules et leur répartition homogène et sans réagglomération dans le substrat.
L'encodage et la lecture ne sont que très peu affectés par les froissages et le lavage à la lessive.
A une suspension de fibres de coton dispersées dans de l'eau, on ajoute la dispersion aqueuse de particules magnétiques décrite ci-dessous, à un taux de 0,05 % en poids sec et on ajoute aussi 6%, en poids sec, de pigments de dioxyde de titane comme charges minérales apportant de la blancheur et de l'opacité. On raffine cette suspension. Puis on ajoute un agent de résistance humide ( 3 % en poids sec, d'une résine mélamine-formaldéhyde) et un agent de rétention cationique [0,5 % en poids sec d'un polyacrylamide], les pourcentages étant exprimés par rapport aux fibres de coton. On redilue en caisse de tête de la machine. Le taux de dilution des particules magnétiques est de l'ordre du ppm.
On forme la feuille. On presse la feuille.
En presse encolleuse, on imprègne le papier par une solution d'alcool polyvinylique, et éventuellement d'un antibactéricide, pour améliorer l'imprimabilité du papier et apporter la résistance nécessaire à la circulation du billet. On calandre la feuille. On sèche la feuille vers 100 °C.
Les échantillons finis ont un grammage de 90 g/m2 et une épaisseur moyenne de 120 µm.
La dispersion comporte, en poids sec, 10 pour cent de particules magnétiques.
On encode le billet en F/2F et on relit sans difficulté l'enregistrement des données magnétiques sur l'échantillon comportant des particules magnétiques. Ceci confirme une bonne rétention des particules et leur répartition homogène et sans réagglomération dans le substrat. La luminosité L* est supérieure à 80 et les résultats d'enregistrement et de lecture sont satisfaisants
Sur un film de polyester transparent d'environ 19 µm d'épaisseur, on réalise une impression de façon à ce que les caractères significatifs soient constitués par des évidements transparents entourés entièrement d'une zone opaque, ces caractères ont une hauteur de 2,7 mm.
Sur cette impression, on dépose une couche de particules magnétiques en mélange dans un vernis thermoscellable à base de polyester en milieu solvant organique. Les particules magnétiques ont été utilisées sous forme d'une pâte de broyage à 10 % en poids de particules réalisée comme à l'exemple 9 mais en utilisant une résine de broyage consistant en une résine polyester dans le même solvant organique (méthyle, éthyle, cétone) que le vernis thermoscellable.
La couche magnétique est déposée par couchage héliogravure à raison de 3 g/m2 et contient 0,5 part de particules magnétiques en poids sec pour 100 parts en poids sec du vernis sans les particules ; elle fait 3 µm d'épaisseur. Il y a donc environ 15 mg/m2 de particules.
Le vernis thermoscellable seul est déposé sur l'autre face du fil afin de bien faire tenir le fil dans la feuille de papier.
L'épaisseur totale du film est de 30 µm.
On obtient un film qui a conservé sa transparence et on observe bien les caractères significatifs. On découpe le film en fils (bandelettes) de 3 mm de largeur.
On introduit le fil dans un papier pour billet de banque de façon à faire apparaitre le fil dans des fenêtres selon le procédé décrit dans le brevet européen EP 59056.
On enregistre des données magnétiques et les lit selon les conditions décrites ci-dessous.
Un avantage de ce fil est qu'il est détectable magnétiquement et que l'on observe bien les caractères significatifs sur le fil ; il permet une écriture des données magnétiques et/ou des caractères significatifs visibles sur toute la largeur du fil (la couche magnétique étant transparente).
Par rapport à l'art antérieur il ne nécessite pas de couche de masquage des zones magnétiques pour les rendre invisibles et non photocopiables et diminue les surépaisseurs liées à son introduction dans une feuille de papier (car il fait environ 5 µm d'épaisseur en moins par rapport à un fil de l'art antérieur ayant les mêmes données d'informations).
- on réalise un papier de type billet de banque, comme à l'exemple 8 mais sans particules magnétiques,
- on applique sur le papier, suivant une bande le long du papier, par couchage sérigraphique, un primer d'adhérence qui contient les particules magnétiques. Ce primer est à base d'un polymère styrène-acrylique en milieu aqueux. On a introduit 0,15 part de particules magnétiques sous forme de la dispersion aqueuse pigmentaire de l'exemple 9 pour 100 parts du primer en poids sec. On dépose 10 g/m2 en sec du primer contenant les particules, ce qui correspond à environ 15 mg/m2.
- On applique une bande holographique transparente d'une épaisseur de 6 µm et qui comporte un adhésif thermoscellable, par la méthode connue du transfert à chaud et sous pression, sur le primer magnétique du papier.
On réalise un enregistrement par un encodage du type F/2F du document obtenu au niveau de l'hologramme.
On relit l'enregistrement sans être gêné par la présence de la bande holographique.
- on réalise un papier de type billet de banque comme à l'exemple 8 mais sans particules magnétiques,
- on applique sur le papier par couchage héliogravure, une composition comprenant :
- 100 parts en poids sec de pigments iridescents (IRIODINE 237 de Merck),
- 100 parts en poids sec d'un liant polyuréthane introduit sous forme d'une dispersion aqueuse stabilisée (latex),
- 0,35 part en poids sec de particules magnétiques introduites sous forme de la dispersion aqueuse de l'exemple 9.
On réalise un enregistrement par un encodage du type F/2F du document.
On relit l'enregistrement de façon satisfaisante et de plus le phénomène d'iridescence n'est pas affecté.
La lecture des données magnétiques se fait sur un lecteur de type crayon équipé d'une tête magnétorésistive.
La bonne lecture des informations confirme la répartition homogène des particules magnétiques et sans réagglomération.
Sur une machine à papier à table plate, on réalise un jet de papier couché de la façon suivante : Dans de l'eau, on met en suspension des fibres de cellulose, des charges minérales blanches, un liant et éventuellement d'autres additifs usuels en papeterie notamment pour fabriquer un papier pour cartes à jouer. On sèche la feuille.
Les échantillons finis ont un grammage de 300 g/m2 et une épaisseur moyenne de 300 µm.
Tous les échantillons ont été testés selon les conditions décrites ci-après.
- Le grammage est mesuré selon la norme ISO 536 après conditionnement selon la norme ISO 187.
- Tests colorimétriques les mesures des caractéristiques colorimétriques et de blancheur pour définir l'aspect du papier ont été réalisées sur un spectrocolorimetre ELREPHO 2000 dans le système CIE sous illuminant D65 (lumière du jour et sans UV) et sous un angle d'observation de 10 degrés, les feuilles étant superposées en nombre suffisant pour avoir une épaisseur donnant l'opacité requise.
- Delta E* = racine carrée [(L*0-L*i)2 + (a*0-a*i)2 + (b*0-b*i)2]
- L*0, a*0, b*0 étant les coordonées CIELAB du témoin ,
- L*i, a*i, b*i étant les coordonées CIELAB de l'échantillon i.
On détermine aussi la blancheur ISO selon la norme ISO 2471 (réflectance à 457 nm).
Cet enregistrement est fait à l'aide d'une tête d'enregistrement inductive classique ayant un entrefer d'écriture de 100 µm. La largeur d'écriture est de 6,5 mm et la vitesse d'enregistrement est de 200 mm/s. Le courant d'écriture a été sélectionné à 250 mA afin d'obtenir un signal optimum.
Les forces de pression exercées entre la tête d'enregistrement et les échantillons de papier et la distance tête-échantillon ont été sélectionnées de façon à avoir le meilleur enregistrement possible et une amplitude maximale du signal lors de la lecture.
Lecture des données magnétiques : la lecture de l'enregistrement magnétique des échantillons est réalisée avec une tête de lecture magnétorésistive.
Cette tête de lecture magnétorésistive a une sensibilité de l'ordre de 10 mV par Gauss et la résolution du capteur est 27µG. La largeur de la tête magnétorésistive est de 3 mm. La distance tête-échantillon est inférieure à 200 µm. L'intensité du courant dans la magnétoresistance est réglée à 10 mA.
Grâce à une unité d'exploitation, on lit un signal de sortie en millivolts (différence de tension résultant de la variation de la résistivité de la tête lors du passage de l'échantillon) qui traduit, en valeur absolue, les transitions de flux magnétique enregistrées.
- Le dosage du fer total est déterminé selon la norme NF-T-12.025 (équivalente à la norme
internationale ISO 779) et est exprimé en pourcentage en poids de l'échantillon.
Le taux de Fe2O3 est calculé à partir de ce taux de fer, après déduction du taux de fer du témoin. - Le test de résistance au froissage à sec est réalisé selon la méthode décrite dans Carson, Frederick T., & Shaw, Merle B., « Wearing Quality of Experimental Currency-Type Papers », Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, vol. 36, mars 1946, pp 249-257 et le test de résistance au froissage en milieu humide est réalisé selon cette méthode, l'échantillon testé étant humidifié entre les froissages.
- Le test de résistance au lavage avec une lessive est réalisé comme suit : une éprouvette de
papier découpée au format 6,7 cm x 6,7cm, est placée dans une pochette de tissu blanc
fermée par des agrafes. Six pochettes sont placées dans un bocal contenant 750 g d'eau
bouillie et 37,5 g de lessive (de la marque ARIEL®). Le bocal est placé sur un dispositif
d'agitation (appareil TURBULA) à 60 tours/minute et pendant une heure, la température
étant de 95°C ± 2. Les papiers sont ensuite sortis des pochettes et rincés à l'eau courant en
les frottant légèrement à la main.
papier noir papier gris souris Piste magnétique d'un billet d'avion zone blanche du billet d'avion L* 22,5 67,7 28,6 93,9 a* 0,022 -1,393 8,3 -0,5 b* 0,230 -4,662 16,7 2,7 Delta E* - - 67,3 - Exemple 8 après fabrication Encodage après impression taille-douce après froissage en humide après froissage à sec après test de résistance au lavage Amplitude du signal F/2F (mV) 12,9 12,5 9,8 10,0 9,75
Claims (54)
- Document de sécurité comprenant un substrat consistant en une feuille de papier permettant l'enregistrement et le stockage magnétiques d'informations, et au moins une zone comportant des particules magnétiques, caractérisé en ce que:lesdites particules magnétiques sont comprises dans la masse du substrat ou dans un revêtement à la surface du substrat, lesdites particules magnétiques n'affectant pas les caractéristiques d'aspect de ladite zone et lesdites particules magnétiques étant réparties de manière uniforme dans ladite zone et que lesdites particules vérifient les caractéristiques de concentrations suivantes, prises séparément ou en combinaison :a) lesdites particules magnétiques sont comprises dans la masse dudit substrat ou dans ledit revêtement appliqué en surface du substrat, à une concentration inférieure ou égale à 1 % en poids sec dudit substrat dans ladite zone,b) lesdites particules sont comprises dans un revêtement appliqué en surface dudit substrat ou en surface d'un élément de sécurité et la quantité de particules magnétiques dans ledit revêtement, dans ladite zone, est inférieure ou égale à 250 mg/m2.
- Document de sécurité selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdites particules magnétiques sont comprises directement dans la masse du substrat ou dans un revêtement à la surface du substrat.
- Document de sécurité selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdites particules magnétiques sont comprises dans un élément de sécurité ou un revêtement appliqué en surface d'un élément de sécurité, ledit élément de sécurité étant compris dans la masse ou appliqué en surface dudit substrat.
- Document de sécurité selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément de sécurité est constitué par une bande de sécurité de matériau plastique comprise en totalité ou en partie dans la masse du substrat.
- Document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que lesdites particules sont comprises dans un dit revêtement à la surface du substrat, ledit revêtement consistant en une composition de couchage ou d'encollage
- Document selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que lesdites particules sont comprises dans un dit revêtement à la surface dudit substrat ou d'un dit élément de sécurité, ledit revêtement consistant en un vernis ou une encre pouvant être appliqué(e) par les techniques d'impression telles que l'héliogravure, l'impression offset ou la sérigraphie.
- Document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que lesdites particules magnétiques sont comprises dans ledit revêtement à la surface du substrat ou dudit élément de sécurité, ledit revêtement consistant en un adhésif.
- Document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que lesdites particules magnétiques sont comprises dans ledit revêtement à la surface dudit substrat, ledit revêtement consistant en un film plastique dans la masse duquel lesdites particules sont incorporées.
- Document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les particules magnétiques sont comprises dans un revêtement appliqué sur un hologramme ou dans une couche constitutive d'un hologramme.
- Document selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que ledit hologramme est un hologramme transparent ou hologramme partiellement démétallisé.
- Document de sécurité selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que ledit hologramme est appliqué sur une bande de sécurité comprise en partie dans ledit substrat, ledit hologramme étant visible dans les parties apparaissant en surface du document.
- Document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 4 à 11, caractérisé en ce que les particules magnétiques sont comprises dans un revêtement appliqué sur une zone comportant des inscriptions en positif ou négatif, sur une bande de sécurité comprise, en totalité ou en partie, dans ledit substrat.
- Document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 4 à 12, caractérisé en ce que lesdites particules magnétiques sont comprises dans un vernis thermoscellant appliqué à la surface de ladite bande de sécurité ou comprises dans la masse de ladite bande en plastique.
- Document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit document de sécurité est un billet de banque ou une feuille en papier destinée à l'impression d'un billet de banque.
- Document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que ledit document comprend un substrat consistant en une feuille de papier destinée à la fabrication d'une étiquette et lesdites particules magnétiques sont comprises dans la masse dudit substrat, ou dans un revêtement appliqué à la surface dudit substrat sur son recto, ou dans un adhésif appliqué à la surface dudit substrat à son verso.
- Document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que ledit document est un document officiel comme un passeport, une carte d'identité ou un permis de conduire ou un substrat consistant dans une feuille de papier destiné à la fabrication de ce dit document officiel et lesdites particules magnétiques sont appliquées dans la masse dudit substrat, ou sur un film en plastique de protection transparent de ladite feuille de papier, ou encore dans un adhésif permettant l'adhésion dudit film sur ladite feuille de papier, ou encore dans des encres de sécurité transférables et non transférables dudit film.
- Document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que ledit document est une feuille d'emballage ou une feuille de papier destinée à la fabrication d'une feuille d'emballage.
- Document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 1 à 17, caractérisé en ce que ladite zone recouvre la totalité du substrat.
- Document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 1 à 18, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une succession de dites zones comportant des particules magnétiques comprises dans un revêtement à la surface dudit substrat ou dudit élément de sécurité, ces dites zones étant séparées par des régions dépourvues de particules magnétiques, cette succession de dites zones constituant un codage magnétique.
- Document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 1 à 19, caractérisé en ce que ladite zone comprend des particules de coercitivité supérieure à 32 x 103 A/m, de préférence à 135 x 103 A/m, ladite zone étant suffisamment étendue pour servir de support à l'enregistrement magnétique d'un code.
- Document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdites particules magnétiques sont comprises dans la masse dudit substrat ou dans ledit revêtement appliqué en surface du substrat, à une concentration inférieure ou égale à 0,1 % en poids sec dudit substrat dans ladite zone.
- Document de sécurité selon la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce que la concentration en particules magnétiques est de 0,001 % à 0,1 %, de préférence 0,02 % à 0,07 %.
- Document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdites particules sont comprises dans un revêtement appliqué en surface dudit substrat ou dudit élément de sécurité et la quantité de particules magnétiques dans ledit revêtement, dans ladite zone, est de 1 à 100 mg/m2.
- Document de sécurité selon la revendication 23, caractérisé en ce que la quantité en particules magnétiques dans ledit revêtement dans ladite zone est de 5 mg/m2 à 50 mg/m2.
- Document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la taille des particules magnétiques est inférieure à 2 µm, de préférence inférieure à 1 µm.
- Document de sécurité selon la revendication 25, caractérisé en ce que la taille des particules magnétiques est de 0,1 à 1 µm, de préférence 0,1 à 0,5 µm.
- Document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le substrat est en papier et a une couleur claire, notamment blanche, crème ou jaune pâle.
- Document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la zone dudit substrat ou d'un dit revêtement comportant lesdites particules, a une luminosité L* selon le système CIELAB supérieure à 70 et de préférence à 80.
- Document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 27 ou 28, caractérisé en ce que la zone dudit substrat ou d'un dit revêtement comportant lesdites particules, a une blancheur ISO selon la norme ISO 2471 supérieure ou égale à 60% sous illuminant D65 sans UV sous un angle d'observation de 10°.
- Document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 27 à 29 caractérisé en ce que la zone du substrat comportant lesdites particules a une blancheur CIE selon la formule CIELAB supérieure ou égale à 20% sous illuminant D65 sans UV sous un angle d'observation de 10°.
- Document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit revêtement à la surface du substrat ou dudit élément de sécurité est transparent ou translucide.
- Utilisation d'un document selon l'une des revendications 1 à 31 comme support permettant l'enregistrement et le stockage magnétiques d'informations.
- Utilisation d'un document selon la revendication 32, caractérisé en ce que les informations magnétiques correspondent à des informations d'identification et de traçabilité.
- Méthode de lecture des informations enregistrées et stockées dans un document selon l'une des revendications 1 à 31 caractérisé en ce qu'on réalise la lecture à l'aide d'un lecteur doté de capteurs magnétorésistifs.
- Bande de sécurité, destinée à être incorporée dans un document selon l'une des revendications précédentes, permettant l'enregistrement et le stockage magnétiques d'informations, comprenant au moins une zone comportant des particules magnétiques, caractérisé en ce que lesdites particules magnétiques sont comprises dans un revêtement appliqué en surface de ladite bande de sécurité, lesdites particules magnétiques n'affectent pas les caractéristiques d'aspect de ladite zone et lesdites particules magnétiques sont réparties de manière uniforme dans ladite zone et la quantité de particules magnétiques dans ledit revêtement, dans ladite zone, est inférieure ou égale à 250 mg/m2.
- Bande de sécurité selon la revendication 35, caractérisée en ce que la quantité de particules magnétiques dans ledit revêtement, dans ladite zone, est de 1 à 100 mg/m2.
- Bande de sécurité selon la revendication 36, caractérisée en ce que la quantité de particules magnétiques dans ledit revêtement, dans ladite zone, est de 5 mg/m2 à 50 mg/m2.
- Bande de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 35 à 37, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est en matériau plastique.
- Bande de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 35 à 38, caractérisée en ce ce que la taille desdites particules magnétiques est inférieure à 2 µm, de préférence inférieure à 1 µm.
- Bande de sécurité selon la revendication 39, caractérisée en ce que la taille desdites particules magnétiques est de 0,1 à 1 µm, de préférence 0,1 à 0,5 µm.
- Bande de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 35 à 40, caractérisée en ce ledit revêtement est transparent ou translucide.
- Bande de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 35 à 41, caractérisée en ce que ledit revêtement consiste en un vernis ou une encre pouvant être appliqué(e) par les techniques d'impression telles que l'héliogravure, l'impression offset ou la sérigraphie .
- Bande de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 35 à 42, caractérisée en ce que ledit revêtement consiste en un adhésif.
- Bande de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 35 à 43, caractérisée en ce que lesdites particules magnétiques sont comprises dans un revêtement appliqué sur un hologramme ou dans une couche constitutive d'un hologramme, ledit hologramme étant appliqué sur ladite bande.
- Bande de sécurité selon la revendication 44, caractérisée en ce que ledit hologramme est un hologramme transparent ou un hologramme partiellement démétallisé.
- Bande de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 35 à 45, caractérisée en ce que les particules magnétiques sont comprises dans ledit revêtement appliqué sur une zone comportant des inscriptions en positif ou négatif.
- Bande de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 35 à 46, caractérisée en ce que lesdites particules magnétiques sont comprises dans un vernis thermoscellant.
- Bande de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 35 à 47, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une succession desdites zones comportant lesdites particules magnétiques, ces dites zones étant séparées par des régions dépourvues de particules magnétiques, cette succession de dites zones constituant un codage magnétique.
- Bande de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 35 à 48, caractérisée en ce que ladite zone comprend des particules de coercitivité supérieure à 32 x 103 A/m, de préférence à 135 x 103 A/m, ladite zone étant suffisamment étendue pour servir de support à l'enregistrement magnétique d'un code.
- Bande de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 35 à 49, caractérisée en ce qu'elle a une épaisseur de préférence de 10 à 30 µm et une largeur de 0,5 mm à 5 cm, de préférence 1 à 5 mm.
- Procédé de fabrication d'un document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 1 à 31, caractérisé en ce que l'on incorpore lesdites particules magnétiques dans la masse du substrat ou dans un dit revêtement à la surface du substrat ou dudit élément de sécurité, dans ladite zone.
- Procédé de fabrication d'un document de sécurité selon l'une des revendications 1 à 31, caractérisé en ce que l'on mélange une dispersion desdites particules magnétiques avec le milieu de fabrication dudit substrat ou d'un dit revêtement à la surface du substrat ou dudit élément de sécurité.
- Procédé de fabrication d'un document de sécurité selon la revendication 52, caractérisé en ce que la dispersion de particules magnétiques comporte de 1 à 40 % en poids sec de particules, de préférence de 5 à 15 %.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 51 à 53, caractérisé en ce que l'on mélange une dispersion aqueuse de particules magnétiques avec la pâte à papier devant servir à la fabrication du substrat consistant en une feuille de papier.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9714609A FR2771111B1 (fr) | 1997-11-20 | 1997-11-20 | Document de securite comportant des particules magnetiques |
FR9714609 | 1997-11-20 | ||
PCT/FR1998/002482 WO1999027185A1 (fr) | 1997-11-20 | 1998-11-20 | Papier de securite comportant des particules magnetiques |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1034330A1 EP1034330A1 (fr) | 2000-09-13 |
EP1034330B1 true EP1034330B1 (fr) | 2002-09-25 |
Family
ID=9513625
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98955704A Expired - Lifetime EP1034536B1 (fr) | 1997-11-20 | 1998-11-20 | Support d'informations de securite |
EP98955705A Expired - Lifetime EP1034330B1 (fr) | 1997-11-20 | 1998-11-20 | Document de securite comportant des particules magnetiques |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98955704A Expired - Lifetime EP1034536B1 (fr) | 1997-11-20 | 1998-11-20 | Support d'informations de securite |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP1034536B1 (fr) |
AR (1) | AR013768A1 (fr) |
AT (2) | ATE219598T1 (fr) |
AU (2) | AU1245399A (fr) |
DE (2) | DE69808331T2 (fr) |
ES (2) | ES2178281T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2771111B1 (fr) |
WO (2) | WO1999027185A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA9810576B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6533183B2 (en) | 2000-05-03 | 2003-03-18 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Coding of cartridges for an injection device |
EP1309366B1 (fr) | 2000-08-10 | 2007-02-21 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Dispositif d'administration de medicament avec un support destine a une cartouche |
GB0209564D0 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2002-06-05 | Rue De Int Ltd | Improvements in substrates |
DE10342079B8 (de) * | 2003-09-10 | 2006-07-06 | Spirit Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Druckwerks |
ATE495775T1 (de) | 2005-05-10 | 2011-02-15 | Novo Nordisk As | Injektionsvorrichtung mit optischem sensor |
RU2432549C2 (ru) | 2005-09-22 | 2011-10-27 | Ново Нордиск А/С | Способ и прибор для бесконтактного определения абсолютного положения и устройство, снабженное данным прибором |
CA2642871A1 (fr) * | 2005-12-01 | 2007-06-28 | Arrow Coated Products Ltd. | Procede de fabrication d'un film haute securite et film haute securite ainsi obtenu |
JP2009530001A (ja) | 2006-03-20 | 2009-08-27 | ノボ・ノルデイスク・エー/エス | カートリッジの識別コードの非接触読取り |
US20070221731A1 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2007-09-27 | Prime Technology Llc | Using markers to identify objects for visually-impaired people |
US8994382B2 (en) | 2006-04-12 | 2015-03-31 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Absolute position determination of movably mounted member in medication delivery device |
JP2009534147A (ja) | 2006-04-26 | 2009-09-24 | ノボ・ノルデイスク・エー/エス | 薬剤送達装置における運動エレメントの非接触式の絶対位置測定 |
CN101641127B (zh) | 2007-03-21 | 2012-11-28 | 诺沃-诺迪斯克有限公司 | 具有容器识别的医药输送系统和用于医药输送系统的容器 |
DE102008032781A1 (de) * | 2008-07-11 | 2010-01-21 | Klöckner Pentaplast GmbH & Co. KG | Verpackungsfolie für Produktauthentifizierung, Authentifizierungsverfahren und -system |
CN102316917B (zh) | 2009-02-13 | 2014-09-10 | 诺沃—诺迪斯克有限公司 | 医疗设备和筒 |
KR102656601B1 (ko) * | 2018-06-29 | 2024-04-12 | 비아비 솔루션즈 아이엔씨. | 반사 입자를 포함하는 조성물 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1127043A (en) * | 1967-01-26 | 1968-09-11 | Portals Ltd | Security papers |
GB1514758A (en) * | 1975-07-09 | 1978-06-21 | Kuhns R | Data bearing card having magnetizable colourless transparent coating composition thereon and said coating composition |
FR2471443A1 (fr) * | 1979-12-11 | 1981-06-19 | Arjomari Prioux | Moyen de marquage et papier de securite faisant application de ce moyen |
IT1222851B (it) * | 1987-10-08 | 1990-09-12 | Mantegazza A Arti Grafici | Codice di identificazione rilevabile magneticamente per contrassegnare prodotti,documenti e simili |
IN173621B (fr) * | 1987-12-04 | 1994-06-18 | Portals Ltd | |
DE3843075C2 (de) * | 1988-12-21 | 2003-08-14 | Gao Ges Automation Org | Sicherheitsdokument mit darin eingebettetem elektrisch leitfähigen Sicherheitselement |
IT1263970B (it) * | 1993-02-11 | 1996-09-05 | Mantegazza A Arti Grafici | Dispositivo di sicurezza antifalsificazione per documenti in genere |
JP3360407B2 (ja) * | 1994-04-11 | 2002-12-24 | 東レ株式会社 | ポリエステル組成物からなるフィルム |
US5520954A (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 1996-05-28 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method of making transparent magnetic recording layers |
JP3443475B2 (ja) * | 1995-03-14 | 2003-09-02 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | 熱可塑性ポリマーフィルム |
JPH08267568A (ja) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-15 | Diafoil Co Ltd | 多層塗布フィルムの製造方法 |
IT1275558B (it) * | 1995-07-14 | 1997-08-07 | Mantegazza A Arti Grafici | Foglio di sicurezza in particolare del tipo incorporante un elemento conduttore dell'elettricita' |
IT1296098B1 (it) * | 1997-11-11 | 1999-06-09 | Mantegazza Walter | Filo di sicurezza con informazioni ottiche e magnetiche inseribile in documenti in genere |
-
1997
- 1997-11-20 FR FR9714609A patent/FR2771111B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-11-19 ZA ZA9810576A patent/ZA9810576B/xx unknown
- 1998-11-19 AR ARP980105863A patent/AR013768A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 1998-11-20 AT AT98955704T patent/ATE219598T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-20 WO PCT/FR1998/002482 patent/WO1999027185A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1998-11-20 ES ES98955704T patent/ES2178281T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-20 AU AU12453/99A patent/AU1245399A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-11-20 ES ES98955705T patent/ES2185229T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-20 DE DE69808331T patent/DE69808331T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-20 AU AU12452/99A patent/AU1245299A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-11-20 EP EP98955704A patent/EP1034536B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-20 EP EP98955705A patent/EP1034330B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-20 DE DE69806181T patent/DE69806181T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-20 AT AT98955705T patent/ATE224978T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-20 WO PCT/FR1998/002481 patent/WO1999027531A1/fr active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2771111A1 (fr) | 1999-05-21 |
EP1034536B1 (fr) | 2002-06-19 |
DE69808331D1 (de) | 2002-10-31 |
ATE224978T1 (de) | 2002-10-15 |
DE69806181D1 (de) | 2002-07-25 |
DE69808331T2 (de) | 2003-08-07 |
WO1999027531A1 (fr) | 1999-06-03 |
ES2185229T3 (es) | 2003-04-16 |
FR2771111B1 (fr) | 1999-12-17 |
ATE219598T1 (de) | 2002-07-15 |
AR013768A1 (es) | 2001-01-10 |
AU1245299A (en) | 1999-06-15 |
WO1999027185A1 (fr) | 1999-06-03 |
DE69806181T2 (de) | 2003-02-13 |
ES2178281T3 (es) | 2002-12-16 |
ZA9810576B (en) | 1999-05-20 |
AU1245399A (en) | 1999-06-15 |
EP1034330A1 (fr) | 2000-09-13 |
EP1034536A1 (fr) | 2000-09-13 |
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