EP1034330A1 - Document de securite comportant des particules magnetiques - Google Patents
Document de securite comportant des particules magnetiquesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1034330A1 EP1034330A1 EP98955705A EP98955705A EP1034330A1 EP 1034330 A1 EP1034330 A1 EP 1034330A1 EP 98955705 A EP98955705 A EP 98955705A EP 98955705 A EP98955705 A EP 98955705A EP 1034330 A1 EP1034330 A1 EP 1034330A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- security
- magnetic particles
- document according
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
- D21H21/44—Latent security elements, i.e. detectable or becoming apparent only by use of special verification or tampering devices or methods
- D21H21/48—Elements suited for physical verification, e.g. by irradiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/004—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using digital security elements, e.g. information coded on a magnetic thread or strip
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
- G07D7/04—Testing magnetic properties of the materials thereof, e.g. by detection of magnetic imprint
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
- G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
- G07F7/086—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means by passive credit-cards adapted therefor, e.g. constructive particularities to avoid counterfeiting, e.g. by inclusion of a physical or chemical security-layer
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/02—Metal coatings
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
- D21H21/42—Ribbons or strips
Definitions
- the present invention relates to security documents comprising a substrate consisting of a sheet of paper and comprising magnetic particles peimisant magnetic recording and storage of information
- the present invention also relates to the uses and a method of manufacturing a document of secunte according to the invention and a method for reading information recorded and stored magnetically
- the recording of the information, including the magnetization of the security document is done using inductive heads, but the reading of the information, including the magnetic presence detection is done by reading machines equipped with magneto-resistive sensors as will be explained below
- security document any document comprising magnetic particles according to the invention and possibly an additional security element, that is to say a means of authentication and / or peimisant to detect counterfeiting and / or rendering counterfeiting difficult to read, in particular by photocopy E
- official documents such as passports, identity cards or driving license, or means of payment such as banknotes, checks or papers fiduciaries, tickets or payment vouchers but also any paper that we want to be able to authenticate, such as entrance tickets to sporting or cultural events, transport tickets, contracts, deeds or certificates, labels or packaging
- paper is understood to mean any sheet of paper or cardboard obtained by the wet method using a suspension of natural cellulose fibers and / or synthetic fibers and which may contain various mineral and various fillers. additives, such as binders commonly used in papermaking
- the security strips may be coated with a layer of continuous magnetic particles capable of receiving information coded by magnetic recording or may be covered only intermittently with studs comprising magnetic particles which are imp ⁇ mes and magnetized so as to create a code. (WO 90/08 367)
- the magnetic information is read mainly using inductive heads
- inductive heads measure the magnetic flux variations
- the magnetism layer must be sufficiently concentrated in particles and thick to generate sufficient flux and allow a good reading
- the thickness of the magnetic layers is of the order of 10 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the magnetic layers given their high concentration of magnetic particles, appear very dark, even black.
- a masking layer is deposited, either white. either metallic composed of reflective particles like 1.
- the superimposition of the layers necessary for the production of these strips - the thickness of the strip itself (approximately 12 ⁇ m) being added has the thickness of the magnetic layer (approximately 12 ⁇ m), to that of the masking layer (approximately 3 ⁇ m) and to that of a heat-sealing varnish (approximately 2 ⁇ m) applied to the front and back of the strip for its adhesion to the paper - lead to a total strip thickness of approximately 30 ⁇ m or more, which causes great difficulties of incorporation in the paper and difficulties of stacking of the paper due to the extra thicknesses created by the strips of secu ⁇ te incorporated in the paper
- a safety element was produced coated with pure iron particles of very low coercivity (less than 100 Oe) because it is of a light silvery color and therefore less visible than usual magnetic pigments. of higher coercitivite in particular superior to 2000 Oe, of dark or black color
- the element is a safety wire or boards introduced at least partly in the paper in order to attenuate the color g ⁇ se by the paper
- the quantities in magnetic particles has to use are not indicated but moreover it is nevertheless envisaged to mask the zones comprising the particles
- the safety element is very specific and does not give the possibility of recording magnetically data because the soft magnetic materials dec ⁇ ts in this document, do not allow to store magnetic information because of their sensitivity to the magnetic environment
- An object of the present invention is to confer on a security document comprising a substrate consisting of a sheet of paper, the ability to be magnetized, recorded, detected and read by machine by virtue of its magnetic properties, without it being necessary to mask the magnetic zones to make them invisible
- an object of the present invention is to be able to introduce magnetic particles in a homogeneous manner and without aggregates over an area extended on the surface or in the mass of a substrate consisting of a sheet of paper.
- Another object of the present invention is to be able to encode magnetic information in an increased quantity compared to the previous embodiments of document comprising a substrate consisting of a sheet of paper.
- the present invention provides a security document comprising a substrate consisting of a sheet of paper and at least one area comprising magnetic particles allowing magnetic recording and storage of information, characterized in that a) said magnetic particles are comp ⁇ ses in the mass of the substrate or in a coating on the surface of the substrate, b) said magnetic particles do not affect the appearance characteristics of said zone, and c) said magnetic particles are distributed uniformly in said zone.
- the magnetic particles can be directly comp ⁇ ses, ie as such in the mass or in a coating on the surface of the substrate, or indirectly, ie by means of a safety element In the latter case, said magnetic particles may be comp ⁇ ses in the mass of said security element or in a coating applied to the surface of said security element, said security element itself being fully or partially comp ⁇ s in the mass of the substrate or applied to the surface thereof ci
- security element is meant any element associated with the substrate, in particular with paper and contributing to the authentication of the document or making its counterfeiting difficult.
- It can be, in particular, a particular coating on the surface of the substrate, or of an element comp ⁇ s in the mass or applied to the surface of the substrate, such as a plastic strip included, in whole or in part, in the mass of the subst rat, or boards or a hologram applied to the surface of the substrate, or to another safety element
- coating on the surface of the substrate or of the safety element is meant that it is a coating which is not, at least in part, covered by a masking layer, said coating possibly being present on the external surface of the substrate or be located below or between other layers which themselves do not directly mask said coating, at least in part Similarly by the characteristic b) according to which "the magnetic particles do not affect the characteristics of appearance of said area "means that it is not necessary to hide said area to make them invisible More specifically, the characteristic b) according to which,” magnetic particles do not affect the appearance characteristics of the zone ”means that when they are contained in the mass of the substrate, or when they are inside a safety element, which itself is wholly or partly contained in the mass of the substrate, or even when they are i ncluded in a coating on the surface of the substrate, or of said safety element, the particles as such are not distinguished and the appearance, in particular the luminosity (L *) and / or the colo ⁇ met ⁇ ques coordinates (L *, a * , b *) in
- the luminosity L * is greater than 70 and preferably more than 80. More particularly still, when the substrate or coating comprising said magnetic particles is colored clear to white, its ISO whiteness according to ISO 2471 (reflectance at 457 nm) is greater than or equal to 60% and / or its EEC whiteness according to the CTEL formula & is greater than or equal to 20%, under illuminant D65 without UN and under an observation angle of 10 °
- Fillers providing whiteness known in the paper industry such as for example titanium dioxide or calcium carbonate, can be added to improve whiteness, in particular at rates between 2 and 10%
- the substrate, the security element or the coating on the surface of the substrate or the security element are transparent or translucent their opacity is not substantially modified so that the transparency is preserved.
- the invention makes it possible to associate in the same area of magnetic properties with a safety element such as in particular an identification element with visual effect, in particular an element comprising inscriptions intended to be seen, without the presence of magnetic particles occulting the visual effect research with said security element, in particular said identification element with visual effect
- the magnetic particles can therefore be associated with all the security elements existing in security documents, in particular security papers, and / or over large areas of said security documents, which was not the case previously They may also e, make it possible to record and store much greater amounts of information than previously, in particular in the form of magnetic codes and, to make the area where the magnetic information has been recorded and stored invisible to the naked eye and invisible to the magnetic magnifier
- the reading of the information or the detection of magnetic presence is done by sorting or reading machines provided with magneto-resistive sensors which have a much higher sensitivity to the inductive heads used previously, one can therefore read the magnetic information coded or simply characterize the saturation or remanent magnetization of the pigments with very low magnetic particle concentrations, in particular, lower than the concentrations allowing detection by inductive sensors and making the presence of said particles invisible
- the magnetic particles do not form agglomerates or inhomogeneous aggregates. It is therefore necessary that magnetic particles are well individualized and uniformly dispersed and distributed in their substrate.
- uniform distribution of magnetic particles is therefore understood to mean that the particle density in said zone, that is to say in the mass of the substrate or of said security element or in the coating on the surface of said substrate or of said security element. security in said zone, and therefore the saturation or remanent magnetic magnetization in said zone are substantially constant so that there is little or no background noise. This characteristic is necessary to enable a coded message recorded in said zone to be read reliably. To do this, advantageously according to the present invention is carried out a dispersion of the magnetic particles in which a good individualization of the particles is obtained, which makes it possible to prevent re-agglomeration of said particles.
- the particles are in the form of pigments which can be coated with a layer, even a discrete (that is to say non-continuous) layer coming from the dispersion medium.
- this dispersion of particles is incorporated into the manufacturing medium of said substrate or of said security element or of said coating on the surface of the substrate or of said security element, which must contain them, the particles are preserved in individualized form without re-agglomeration and they are distributed homogeneously in said substrate or said security element or said coating, even by introducing said particles at very low rates.
- the dispersion comprises a wetting and dispersing surfactant to allow the individualization of the particles and the redispersion of this dispersion in the final incoiporation medium.
- the particles are stabilized against sedimentation by advantageously incorporating a rheology control agent if necessary.
- This way of incorporating the dispersion is particularly advantageous when the dispersion is incorporated into a liquid medium and at very high dilution rates and, moreover, with vigorous stirring since one might fear re-agglomeration by "leaching" of the particles, c that is to say by destruction of the protective and stabilizing layer which has formed around the individualized particles.
- This is therefore advantageous when the dispersion of magnetic particles is incorporated into a suspension of cellulose fibers for the manufacture of a substrate consisting of a sheet of paper which is always done in a diluted medium.
- the shape and size of the magnetic particles is chosen as will be explained below.
- the magnetic particles can therefore advantageously be incorporated into the mass of the paper by mixing an aqueous dispersion of the said particles with the mixture of fibers, in particular of cellulose or cotton and conventional papermaking adjuvants for producing the paper sheet.
- Said area comprising said particles may cover the whole of the substrate or only a part thereof.
- the direct incorporation of magnetic particles into the mass of the substrate, or into a coating on the surface of the substrate in an area covering the entire substrate makes it possible to considerably extend the possibilities of use of the present invention.
- the magnetic particles when included directly in the mass of the substrate, or in a coating on the surface of the substrate, they can be in a localized area, in particular in the form of a strip, in particular of width from 1 to 5 cm by methods known to those skilled in the art, said area not necessarily covering the entire substrate.
- the present invention is particularly advantageous when the substrate comprising said magnetic particles is a light colored paper substrate, in particular white, cream or pale yellow. In this case, as mentioned above, the brightness L * of the system
- CDELAB is greater than 70 and preferably 80.
- the ISO whiteness according to ISO 2471 is preferably greater than or equal to 60%> and the CIE whiteness according to the CEELAB formula is preferably greater than or equal to 20% o, measured under illuminating D65 without UN at an observation angle of 10 °.
- this coating can be constituted by an ink or a varnish or else a coating or sizing composition, which can be applied (e) respectively by printing or papermaking.
- the coating composition may especially comprise, in addition to said magnetic particles, a binder of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), starch or polymer in aqueous dispersion (latex) type, coating fillers, water and additives.
- the varnish may especially include, in addition to said magnetic particles, a polymeric binder, a solvent and additives.
- the coating composition can be applied by means known to those skilled in the art with coating installations, such as press-glue machine, metal blade coater, air knife coater, CHAMPION type rotary bar coater, pre-dosed film transfer coater.
- inks or varnishes mention is more particularly made of printing inks or varnishes which can be applied by gravure printing, intaglio printing, offset printing or screen printing over a thickness of 1 to 5 ⁇ m.
- printing varnishes mention may be made of varnishes soluble in an aqueous medium or in an organic solvent which are dried by evaporation, and varnishes fixed by UN or electronic radiation (“electron beam”).
- the surface coating comprising magnetic particles may also consist of an adhesive composition applied to the surface of the substrate, in particular paper or of said security element, in particular, a heat-sealing varnish facilitating the holding of said security element in the mass of the substrate, in particular of paper
- the coating on the surface of the substrate, in particular paper can also be constituted by a plastic film in the mass of which the magnetic particles are incorporated in particular a film with a thickness of 10 to 500 ⁇ m
- said coating can advantageously be transparent or translucent
- concentration and size characteristics weighed separately or in combination a) when the particles are compacted in the mass of said substrate, their concentration is less than or equal to 1%, preferably at 0J0%>, preferably from 0.001% to 0J0% , more preferably from 0.02% to 0.07% by dry weight relative to the weight of said substrate in said zone, b) when said particles are compressed in a coating applied to the surface of said substrate, or of a said safety element, the quantity of magnetic particles deposited in said zone is less than or equal to 250 mg / m 2 , more particularly from 1 to 100 mg / m 2 and more preferably from
- the particles When the particles are compacted in the mass of said safety element, they are considered to be comp ⁇ ses in the mass of said substrate and the concentrations of magnetic particles are those indicated above when the particles are comp ⁇ ses in the mass of said substrate
- said security element is possibly constituted by a security strip of plastic material, wholly or partly, in the mass of the substrate, in particular paper, said particles being composed in the mass or in a surface coating of said strip
- the present invention it is possible to apply to a security strip, transparent magnetic layers with a thickness of 1 to 5 ⁇ m, allowing the recording and detection of encoded magnetic information. Given the appearance characteristics of said magnetic layer, applied to the safety strip, it is not necessary to coat the magnetic layer with a metallic masking layer.
- the thickness of the safety wires or strips, according to the present invention is therefore considerably
- the present invention therefore also relates to security strips as defined above, and more particularly strips of thickness 10 to 50 ⁇ m and with a width of 0.5 mm. 5 cm, preferably 1 to 5 mm
- the particles can be incorporated into the security strip by depositing a specific magnetic layer or simply by mixing with the existing layers, such as the layer of protective varnish used during demetallization, the layer of varnish heat sealing the printing inks. or incorporated into the mass of the plastic wire, itself
- the security documents in particular the security papers or the security bands included in said documents, comprising a hologram, are sought because they are difficult to counterfeit, while being aesthetic, and more easily authenticated by the general public
- these bands in the previous embodiments could not be easily associated with magnetic properties for the following razors
- the holograms or holograplastic secu ⁇ te bands are, themselves, made up of multilayer complexes, namely
- the security holograms are sometimes transparent holograms, that is to say no metallized or partially demetallized holograms.
- the presence of a dark magnetic layer is incompatible with the share of the hologram transparency properties and also resists the treatment of partial hologram demetallization, making it impossible to achieve registration with recesses of the so-called “Cleartext” type
- the present invention makes it possible to associate magnetic particles with holograms in an advantageous manner.
- the magnetic particles with the layers making up the hologram, such as the adhesive layer, the embossing lacquer, the protective varnish or in the adhesion primer of the hologram.
- primer a layer which makes it possible to prepare the surface of the support on which the hologram is applied by improving the flatness of the support
- the hologram constitutes a security strip
- the present invention provides in particular transparent or partially demetallized holograms, comprising magnetic particles
- An additional advantage of holograplic bands is to obtain a hologram with magnetic property without affecting traditional manufacturing processes and without excessively increasing its thickness.
- the present invention provides security tapes, comprising magnetic particles and positive or negative inscriptions in the form of recesses. These types of threads are usually called “Magnetic Cleartext”.
- Magnetic Cleartext In the prior art, there are mainly three embodiments. In a first embodiment, the inscriptions are made in magnetic ink in negative.
- the quantity of magnetic pigments and therefore the density of the remanent magnetic flux is variable according to the form of the inscriptions
- the zones with the magnetic particles are very small, then the density of the magnetic flux is insufficient to be detected, thus destroying part of the coded message
- a magnetic strip is applied adjacent and parallel to an area bearing negative inscriptions This requires that the inscriptions be very small, while looking for security strips bearing the widest inscriptions possible that can be easily checked visually E n in particular for a wire 3 mm wide, it is difficult to create inscriptions with signs of more than 1 mm in height in such a strip.
- the inscriptions in negative are alternated with the magnetic zones, which requires having inscriptions on a short length or small size in width.
- the dispersion of the magnetic particles carried out before incorporation into the mass of the strip or in a transparent layer of thin thickness makes it possible to distribute them uniformly over the entire surface of the safety strip. magnetic particles can be superimposed on said negative insc ⁇ ptions, which overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks
- the magnetic particles are included in a film.
- This variant makes it possible to produce plastic safety strips with particles in the mass, said strips being cut from said plastic film incorporating said particles.
- This va ⁇ ante is also particularly suitable for producing passports or identity cards or other documents which are covered with a protective film.
- security inks fluorescent, low, summer
- an adhesive Security inks can be transferable or non-transferable inks giving respectively to transferable patterns and non-transferable patterns to enhance the resistance to forgery by removal of the film Indeed, when attempting to remove the film, the transferable patterns remain on the document while the non-transferable patterns are removed with the film
- the advantages of this solution are at least double there is no longer a problem of space limitation, since the entire page can be used as a medium to save the information standardized, and the location where the information is recorded is not visible.
- the magnetic particles are included in the adhesive of the protective film.
- the adhesive constitutes a malleable and hot ductile recording medium relatively more fragile than a film.
- the adhesive consists of the adhesive of the passport protective film, any attempt to lift the film alters the adhesive and destroys the magnetic information recorded, which constitutes additional security.
- the magnetic particles are included in security inks, transferable or not, of the protective film.
- the advantages of this variant are the same as for the adhesive.
- the present invention therefore makes it possible to produce a security document consisting of an official document such as a passport, identity card or driving license sheet or a substrate intended for the manufacture of such an official document, in which said magnetic particles are applied in the mass of said substrate or on a transparent protective plastic film of said passport, identity card or driver's license sheet or in an adhesive peimitant adhesion of said film on said sheet or much more in security inks of said protective film.
- an official document such as a passport, identity card or driving license sheet or a substrate intended for the manufacture of such an official document
- said magnetic particles are applied in the mass of said substrate or on a transparent protective plastic film of said passport, identity card or driver's license sheet or in an adhesive peimitant adhesion of said film on said sheet or much more in security inks of said protective film.
- the present invention also makes it possible to produce a security document consisting of a packaging sheet or a sheet of paper intended for the manufacture of a packaging sheet, said magnetic particles being incorporated in the mass of the substrate constituting said sheet or in a coating applied to the surface of said substrate.
- the present invention also makes it possible to produce particularly advantageous paper security labels.
- the magnetic particles can be incorporated into the mass of the substrate or into a coating applied to the surface of the substrate on the front of the label, in particular in a coating of the transparent varnish type, or on the back, in particular in an adhesive applied to the surface of said substrate on its back.
- the recorded magnetic information is never visible, even on the back through a transparent support on which the label is applied like a bottle, in particular, when it is a label. 'a bottle of wine or a bottle of perfume.
- the magnetic information can be presented according to various embodiments.
- the support comprises discontinuous zones with magnetic particles and the recording of magnetic bits is done in the form of pads, in particular by printing pads with a magnetic ink on a support.
- the support comprises a succession of regions covered with magnetic ink and regions not covered with magnetic ink.
- the support comprises magnetic particles in at least one continuous zone and the recording of logic bits is done by magnetization with fields whose direction of magnetization is reversed in localized regions. More precisely, certain regions of the medium are saturated in one direction or another, said regions then corresponding to bits "0" or respectively "1" of the coded information.
- the data signal is analyzed at each clock pulse communicated on another track.
- the support comprises magnetic particles in at least one continuous zone and the recording is done according to an F / 2F type encoding as described in the standards ISO 781 1-3 and 7811-6. Clock and bit tracks are merged. If the bit is a "1" there is a flow transition that takes place between two clock pulses, if the bit is a "0", there are no flow transitions between two clock pulses .
- it is not acceptable that the bits can be demagnetized because it is no longer possible to restore the information before detection and reading. It is therefore preferable in this second embodiment, to use magnetic particles of medium to high coercivity, which are not likely to be demagnetized by simple use. In each of the embodiments, one can also play along the length of the magnetized zones so as to create a bar code.
- coercivity particles from 15.5.1C to 800.10 3 A / m (approximately 200 to 10,000 Oe) are used in particular.
- the so-called low coercivity materials have a coercivity of 15.5 x 10 d to 32 x 10 d A / m (about 200 to 400 Oe) and are generally iron oxides.
- the so-called medium coercivity materials have a coercivity between 32.10 " 'and 135 J 0 d .
- a / m (about 400 to 1700 Oe) and are generally iron oxides doped with cobalt or chromium dioxides.
- of high coercivity have a coercivity of 135J0 3 to 800.10 3
- a / m (about 1700 at 10,000 Oe)
- barium or strontium ferrites in particular respectively BaFe ⁇ O 19 or SrFe J2 O ⁇ 9 are commonly used
- the present invention makes it possible to identify a product and better still follow its trace in the industrial and commercial circuit. It makes it possible to fight against fraud and improve quality control, while allowing management from the production while keeping stocks.
- Traceability is a legal obligation in the case of certain products such as for cars and their spare parts, for products subject to approval, medicines subject to marketing authorization or certain food products
- traceability is defined as "the ability to find the history, use or location of a entity by means of registered identifications"
- Traceability applies to the monitoring of a group of same items, bearing the same batch number as a reference, called statistical identification, or to individually identified objects, then called registration, or to a sequential identification of identified operations or operators.
- linear bar codes (1D) in particular the bar code called logistics which translates the standardized coding E.AN 128, the most dense in information currently used for logistical monitoring of a product. It is used to symbolize both the information concerning the compulsory main identifier (date of manufacture and / or batch number) and additional information relating to the logistics unit (information concerning production, transport and the customer), in order to to ensure the traceability of the product from its manufacture to its point of sale.
- a disadvantage of this type of barcode is that it requires tolerances for direct printing which are difficult to obtain with any medium. For example, if the print medium is a porous cardboard, it will absorb too much of the printing ink and will not allow prints of well defined small sizes to be made, otherwise the code will be difficult to read. Another disadvantage is that the amount of information it can contain is limited.
- two-dimensional (2D) bar codes then appeared, which are formed by a stack of several linear bar codes which appears in the form of a checkerboard and, more recently, matrix codes have appeared which are no longer in the form of bars, but of light and dark dots or squares. They require specific decoding software which does not allow very fast data processing.
- microchip Another way to record the traceability of a developing product is the microchip.
- This chip is incorporated into a label or directly into the product. Although it has the possibility of storing permanent and evolving information at the same time, it has the disadvantage of being too large (around 2 mm 2 ) to be discreetly incorporated into a label or packaging or the product itself; it is all the thicker when it is activated, that is to say when it is implemented with an induction coil which provides it with the operating energy and is taken up in resin. Its lack of flexibility limits its inco ⁇ oration in ⁇ gide supports In addition, its cost price is high
- the chip can be located easily, by visual identification or by touch It is not easily tampered with, it can be removed and replaced by another
- a document according to the present invention can therefore provide a magnetic information carrier for identification and traceability of a product and / or process invisible and having a large and evolving memory which makes it possible to record and store a large amount of information. , some being permanent and others evolving
- this support is compatible with anti-theft systems such as electromagnetic devices, circuits detectable remotely by radio frequency or magnetoacoustic devices, that is to say that it must not disturb detection, l activation and deactivation of these various devices
- a document according to the invention makes it possible to highlight an attempt to alter a product, for example, when replacing a given product with another in a bottle, a bottle or a box
- the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a security document according to the invention, characterized in that said magnetic particles are incorporated into the mass of the substrate or of said security element or into a said coating on the surface of said substrate or said safety element in said zone
- Said particles have a size and a concentration such that they do not affect the appearance characteristics of said zone and allow a uniform distribution of the particles in said zone as mentioned above.
- a dispersion of magnetic particles is mixed with the base material of the substrate or of a coating applied to the surface of the substrate.
- a coating which can be applied to the surface of the substrate have been described above.
- an aqueous dispersion of magnetic particles according to the invention is mixed with the paper pulp to be used for the manufacture of said substrate consisting of a sheet of paper or of cardboard
- said particles are inco ⁇ ored in the mass of a security element or in a coating applied to the surface of the security element, and said security element is inco laored in the mass of said substrate or one applies said security element on the surface of said substrate
- Different types of coating that can be applied to the surface of said security element have been described above
- This dispersion is then mco ⁇ oree in the mass of the substrate, including, where appropriate, in the mass of said security element, or in a said coating on the surface of the substrate of said security element according to a homogeneous distribution in said zone by mixing. of the dispersion of magnetic particles with the manufacturing medium of said substrate or of said safety element or of said coating, said dispersion being optionally previously diluted in a medium compatible with said manufacturing medium, so as to obtain a desired level of particles
- a stabilized dispersion of magnetic particles is obtained by performing the following steps
- the magnetic particles are mixed with a solution of a surfactant both wetting and dispersing and optionally a grinding resin in a medium compatible with the manufacturing medium with which the dispersion will be mixed later, so as to obtain a grinding paste with a high content of magnetic particles,
- Said grinding paste obtained in step 1) is ground, in particular so as to obtain individualized particles of size less than 2 ⁇ , preferably less than 1 ⁇ ,
- the ground pulp from step 2) is diluted in a solution so as to obtain a dispersion the content of magnetic particles of which is appropriate as a function of the manufacturing medium with which it will be mixed.
- the content of particles in said drspersron is from 1 to 40% in particles, particularly from 5 to 15% of magnetic particles, by dry weight
- said solution contains a rheology-modifying agent so as to prevent sedimentation of the particles during storage
- FIGS. 1 to 6 represent the signals obtained with the papers of Examples 1 to 6 for encoding of type 2F and a FIG. 7 which represents the signal obtained with the paper of example 5 for an F / 2F type encoding
- the dilution rate of the mixture is 3.6g / ld or, for example for 0.06% of particles introduced by dry weight, the dilution rate of magnetic particles is around 2mg / l ( therefore of the order of ppm)
- Magnetic particles are iron oxide particles (Fe 2 O ⁇ ) and have a coercivity of 23.87 x 10 J A m (300 Oe), the largest particle size is less than about 1 ⁇ m
- An aqueous dispersion of magnetic particles was obtained in the following manner.
- a coarse iron oxide powder is added with stirring to an aqueous solution of both a wetting and dispersing surfactant, such as a salt.
- ammonium poly (acrylic acid) and possibly a grinding resin such as PVA which has good compatibility with the medium to which it will be incorporated later, namely the fibrous suspension
- a paste with a high particle content is obtained, called grinding paste , which is then ground in a horizontal ball mill to destroy the agglomerates and individualize the particles so as to obtain particles of size less than 1 ⁇
- the concentrate of mdividualized magnetizable particles is then rediluted and stabilized against sedimentation by adding d a rheology-modifying agent, for example an aqueous gel of bentomtes or pyrogenic silicas
- the dispersion obtained contains ient 10% of magnetic particles by dry weight
- the sheets of paper obtained have an average grammage of 93 g / m 2
- the surface of the paper obtained in a size press is treated with a solution of starch and a starch insolubilizer, a melamine-formaldehyde resin, in order to improve their impermeability.
- the finished samples have a grammage of 95 g / m 2 and an average thickness of 122 ⁇ m
- the respective quantities of the compounds introduced into the samples are given in Table 1, as well as the colo ⁇ met ⁇ ques results and the average amplitude of an encoded signal of type 2F only
- FIGS. 1 to 6 represent the signals obtained by a 2F type encoding with the papers of Examples 1 to 6 respectively
- FIG. 7 represents the signal obtained for an F / 2F type encoding with the paper of example 5
- EXAMPLE 8 On a pilot paper machine, magnetic paper is produced which may be suitable as paper for making a banknote in the following manner
- the aqueous dispersion of magnetic particles used in the preceding examples is added, at a rate of 0.05%> by dry weight and also 6% is added, by dry weight, of titanium dioxide pigments as mineral fillers providing whiteness and opacity. It is refined. Then a wet resistance agent (3% by dry weight, of a melamine-formaldehyde resin) and a canonical retention agent [0.5% by weight are added. dryness of a polyacrylamide], the percentages are expressed in dry weight compared to cotton fibers We dilute in the machine headbox The dilution rate of the magnetic particles is around ppm
- the paper is impregnated with a solution of polyvinyl alcohol and possibly an antibacte ⁇ cide to improve the printability of the paper and provide the necessary resistance to the circulation of the banknote.
- the finished samples have a grammage of 87 g / m 2 and an average thickness of 120 ⁇ m
- Circulation resistance tests usually required for banknotes are also performed on the intaglio samples. These tests are tests for resistance to creasing in a wet, dry environment and resistance to washing with a detergent.
- L * is 90.9, a * is 4.61 and b * is 9.53
- a magnetic paper which may be suitable as paper for making a banknote in the following manner.
- a suspension of cotton fibers dispersed in water the aqueous dispersion of particles is added.
- magnetrques haircut below at a rate of 0.05% by dry weight and 6%, by dry weight, of titanium dioxide pigments are also added as mineral fillers providing whiteness and opacity
- This suspension is refined
- a wet strength agent 3% by dry weight, of a melamine-formaldehyde resin
- a canonical retention agent [0.5% by dry weight of a polyacrylamide] are added, the percentages being express compared to cotton fibers We dilute in the machine headbox
- the dilution rate of magnetic particles is around pp We form the sheet We press the sheet
- the paper is impregnated with a solution of polyvinyl alcohol, and optionally with an antibacterial agent, to improve the impermeability of the paper and provide the resistance necessary for the circulation of the note.
- the finished samples have a grammage of 90 g / m 2 and an average thickness of 120 ⁇ m
- the magnetic particles are ba ⁇ um ferrites and have a coercivity of 218.84 x 10 J A / m (2750 Oe), the largest particle size is less than about 1 ⁇ m
- the aqueous dispersion of magnetic particles was obtained in the following manner.
- a powder of ba ⁇ um feints is added with stirring to an aqueous solution of a surfactant, both wetting and dispersing such as an ammonium salt.
- a surfactant both wetting and dispersing such as an ammonium salt.
- poly (acrylic acid) and possibly a grinding resin such as PVA which has good compatibility with the fibrous suspension to which it will be inco ⁇ ore ulte ⁇ eurement
- the paste obtained, called grinding paste is then ground in a ball mill type horizontal to destroy the agglomerates and individualize the particles so as to obtain particles of size less than 1 ⁇
- the concentrate of individualized magnetic particles is then rediluted and stabilized against the sedimentation of the particles by adding a rheology-modifying agent, such as for example an aqueous gel of bentonites or pyrogenic silicas
- the dispersion comprises, by dry weight, 10 percent of magnesized particles ticks
- the luminosity L * is 89J2, a * of 1J and b * of 4.5
- a witness without magnetic particles was realized which had L * of 94.0, a * of - 0.9 and b * of 4.6
- the color difference delta E * is 5.33
- a layer of magnetic particles is deposited as a mixture in a heat-sealable varnish based on polyester in an organic solvent medium.
- the magnetic particles were used in the form of a grinding paste at 10% by weight of particles produced as in Example 9 but using a grinding resin consisting of a polyester resin in the same organic solvent (methyl, ethyl, ketone) than heat sealable varnish.
- the magnetic layer is deposited by gravure printing at a rate of 3 g / m 2 and contains
- the heat-sealable varnish alone is deposited on the other side of the wire in order to hold the wire securely in the sheet of paper.
- the total thickness of the film is 30 ⁇ m.
- the film is cut into wires (strips) 3 mm wide.
- the wire is introduced into a banknote paper so as to make the wire appear in windows according to the method described in European patent EP 59056. Magnetic data are recorded and read according to the conditions described below.
- This wire is magnetically detectable and that significant characters are observed on the wire; it allows writing of magnetic data and / or significant characters visible over the entire width of the wire (the magnetic layer being transparent).
- a paper is produced with a transparent holographic strip as follows: a paper of the banknote type is produced, as in Example 8 but without magnetic particles, is applied to the paper, along a strip along the paper, by serigraphic coating, a p ⁇ mer of adhesion which contains the magnetic particles
- This primer is based on a styrene-acrylic polymer in an aqueous medium
- a paper is produced with a magnetic ⁇ descent layer in the following manner a banknote type paper is produced as in Example 8 but without magnetic particles, - a composition comprising 100 parts by weight is applied to the paper by gravure printing.
- dry pigment ⁇ descent IRIODINE 237 from Merck
- 100 parts by dry weight of a polyurethane binder introduced in the form of a stabilized aqueous dispersion (latex)
- the quantity deposited is 10 g / m 2 by dry weight, which corresponds to approximately 17.5 mg / m 2 of magnetic particles
- a recording is made by an F / 2F type encoding of the document.
- the recording is reread satisfactorily and, moreover, the phenomenon of i ⁇ descence is not affected.
- the magnetic data is read on a pencil-type reader fitted with a magnetoresistive head.
- the correct reading of the information confirms the homogeneous distribution of the magnetic particles and without reagglomeration.
- cellulose fibers, white mineral fillers, a binder and possibly other additives customary in stationery, in particular for suspending paper for playing cards are suspended.
- the sheet is dried On one side of this jet. of paper, 15 g / m 2 is deposited, by dragging coating, of a pigmented printing-writing layer comprising the magnetic particles
- This layer is produced by dispersing in water 100 parts of white mineral fillers (75 parts of calcium carbonate and 25 parts of kaolin), 0J5 part of magnetic particles of the same dispersion of Example 9 (with coercivity of 218.84 x 10 d A / m), 10 parts of a styrene polymer binder- butadiene carboxylated in aqueous dispersion, 1 part of a viscosity regulating agent (Carboxymethylcellulose), 1 part of an optical brightener and 0.5 part of a calcium stearate The parts are expressed in dry weight
- the magnetic coated paper obtained is dried and calendered Its grammage is
- the finished samples have a grammage of 300 gm 2 and an average thickness of 300 ⁇ m
- the visual aspect of the print-write layer is not significantly altered compared to that of a layer without magnetic particles
- the magnetic presence of the data is detected with a reader with a magnetoresistive head after having carried out the magnetization of the samples by inductive head. It is therefore possible to detect a false card by absence of magnetism. Thanks to the invention, it is therefore possible to produce authentic playing cards. and / or containing information recorded by magnetism without altering their aesthetic appearance
- the ISO whiteness is also determined according to the ISO 2471 standard (reflectance at 457 nm)
- the pressure forces exerted between the recording head and the paper samples and the head-sample distance were selected so as to have the best possible recording and a maximum amplitude of the signal during reading.
- Reading of magnetic data the reading of the magnetic recording of the samples is carried out with a magnetoresistive reading head
- This magnetoresistive read head has a sensitivity of about 10 mV per Gauss and the resolution of the sensor is 27 ⁇ G
- the width of the magnetoresistive head is 3 mm
- the distance between the head and the sample is less than 200 ⁇ m
- the intensity of the current in the magnetoresistance is set to 10 mA
- an output signal is read in millivolts (voltage difference resulting from the variation of the resistivity of the head during the passage of the sample) which translates, in absolute value, the magnetic flux transitions saved -
- the dosage of total iron is determined according to standard NF-T-12 025 (equivalent to international standard ISO 779) and is expressed as a percentage by weight of the sample
- the level of Fe 2 0 3 is calculated from this iron level, after deduction of the control iron level
- test of resistance to washing with a detergent is carried out as follows: a test piece of paper cut to the format 6.7 cm x 6.7 cm, is placed in a pocket of white fabric closed by staples Six pockets are placed in a jar containing 750 g of boiled water and 37.5 g of detergent (from the ARIEL® brand) The jar is placed on a stirring device (TURBULA device) at 60 revolutions / minute and for one hour, the temperature being 95 ° C. ⁇ 2 The papers are then taken out of the pockets and rinsed under running water, rubbing them lightly by hand
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Magnetic Record Carriers (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9714609 | 1997-11-20 | ||
FR9714609A FR2771111B1 (fr) | 1997-11-20 | 1997-11-20 | Document de securite comportant des particules magnetiques |
PCT/FR1998/002482 WO1999027185A1 (fr) | 1997-11-20 | 1998-11-20 | Papier de securite comportant des particules magnetiques |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1034330A1 true EP1034330A1 (fr) | 2000-09-13 |
EP1034330B1 EP1034330B1 (fr) | 2002-09-25 |
Family
ID=9513625
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98955704A Expired - Lifetime EP1034536B1 (fr) | 1997-11-20 | 1998-11-20 | Support d'informations de securite |
EP98955705A Expired - Lifetime EP1034330B1 (fr) | 1997-11-20 | 1998-11-20 | Document de securite comportant des particules magnetiques |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98955704A Expired - Lifetime EP1034536B1 (fr) | 1997-11-20 | 1998-11-20 | Support d'informations de securite |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP1034536B1 (fr) |
AR (1) | AR013768A1 (fr) |
AT (2) | ATE224978T1 (fr) |
AU (2) | AU1245299A (fr) |
DE (2) | DE69806181T2 (fr) |
ES (2) | ES2178281T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2771111B1 (fr) |
WO (2) | WO1999027531A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA9810576B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6533183B2 (en) | 2000-05-03 | 2003-03-18 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Coding of cartridges for an injection device |
WO2002011792A1 (fr) | 2000-08-10 | 2002-02-14 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Support destine a une cartouche pour transferer des informations pouvant etre lues electroniquement vers un circuit electronique et utilisation de materiau composite dans un support |
GB0209564D0 (en) * | 2002-04-25 | 2002-06-05 | Rue De Int Ltd | Improvements in substrates |
DE10342079B8 (de) * | 2003-09-10 | 2006-07-06 | Spirit Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Druckwerks |
ATE495775T1 (de) | 2005-05-10 | 2011-02-15 | Novo Nordisk As | Injektionsvorrichtung mit optischem sensor |
EP1929248B1 (fr) | 2005-09-22 | 2015-11-11 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Dispositif et procédé pour une détermination de la position absolue sans contact |
US8187406B2 (en) * | 2005-12-01 | 2012-05-29 | Arrow Coated Products, Ltd. | Method of producing a high security film and high security film produced by said method |
PL1999691T3 (pl) | 2006-03-20 | 2011-02-28 | Novo Nordisk As | Bezkontaktowy odczyt kodów identyfikacyjnych wkładu |
US20070221731A1 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2007-09-27 | Prime Technology Llc | Using markers to identify objects for visually-impaired people |
US8994382B2 (en) | 2006-04-12 | 2015-03-31 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Absolute position determination of movably mounted member in medication delivery device |
JP2009534147A (ja) | 2006-04-26 | 2009-09-24 | ノボ・ノルデイスク・エー/エス | 薬剤送達装置における運動エレメントの非接触式の絶対位置測定 |
EP2125083B1 (fr) | 2007-03-21 | 2013-08-21 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Système d'administration de médicament reconnaissant le conteneur et conteneur à utiliser avec le système d'administration de médicament |
DE102008032781A1 (de) * | 2008-07-11 | 2010-01-21 | Klöckner Pentaplast GmbH & Co. KG | Verpackungsfolie für Produktauthentifizierung, Authentifizierungsverfahren und -system |
JP5896747B2 (ja) | 2009-02-13 | 2016-03-30 | ノボ・ノルデイスク・エー/エス | 医療用デバイス及びカートリッジ |
WO2020006286A1 (fr) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-01-02 | Viavi Solutions Inc. | Composition comprenant des particules réfléchissantes |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1127043A (en) * | 1967-01-26 | 1968-09-11 | Portals Ltd | Security papers |
GB1514758A (en) * | 1975-07-09 | 1978-06-21 | Kuhns R | Data bearing card having magnetizable colourless transparent coating composition thereon and said coating composition |
FR2471443A1 (fr) * | 1979-12-11 | 1981-06-19 | Arjomari Prioux | Moyen de marquage et papier de securite faisant application de ce moyen |
IT1222851B (it) * | 1987-10-08 | 1990-09-12 | Mantegazza A Arti Grafici | Codice di identificazione rilevabile magneticamente per contrassegnare prodotti,documenti e simili |
IN173621B (fr) * | 1987-12-04 | 1994-06-18 | Portals Ltd | |
DE3843075C2 (de) * | 1988-12-21 | 2003-08-14 | Gao Ges Automation Org | Sicherheitsdokument mit darin eingebettetem elektrisch leitfähigen Sicherheitselement |
IT1263970B (it) * | 1993-02-11 | 1996-09-05 | Mantegazza A Arti Grafici | Dispositivo di sicurezza antifalsificazione per documenti in genere |
JP3360407B2 (ja) * | 1994-04-11 | 2002-12-24 | 東レ株式会社 | ポリエステル組成物からなるフィルム |
US5520954A (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 1996-05-28 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method of making transparent magnetic recording layers |
JP3443475B2 (ja) * | 1995-03-14 | 2003-09-02 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | 熱可塑性ポリマーフィルム |
JPH08267568A (ja) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-15 | Diafoil Co Ltd | 多層塗布フィルムの製造方法 |
IT1275558B (it) * | 1995-07-14 | 1997-08-07 | Mantegazza A Arti Grafici | Foglio di sicurezza in particolare del tipo incorporante un elemento conduttore dell'elettricita' |
IT1296098B1 (it) * | 1997-11-11 | 1999-06-09 | Mantegazza Walter | Filo di sicurezza con informazioni ottiche e magnetiche inseribile in documenti in genere |
-
1997
- 1997-11-20 FR FR9714609A patent/FR2771111B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-11-19 AR ARP980105863A patent/AR013768A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 1998-11-19 ZA ZA9810576A patent/ZA9810576B/xx unknown
- 1998-11-20 AU AU12452/99A patent/AU1245299A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-11-20 WO PCT/FR1998/002481 patent/WO1999027531A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1998-11-20 ES ES98955704T patent/ES2178281T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-20 DE DE69806181T patent/DE69806181T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-20 AT AT98955705T patent/ATE224978T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-20 DE DE69808331T patent/DE69808331T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-20 AU AU12453/99A patent/AU1245399A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-11-20 EP EP98955704A patent/EP1034536B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-20 EP EP98955705A patent/EP1034330B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-20 ES ES98955705T patent/ES2185229T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-20 AT AT98955704T patent/ATE219598T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-20 WO PCT/FR1998/002482 patent/WO1999027185A1/fr active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9927185A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AR013768A1 (es) | 2001-01-10 |
EP1034536B1 (fr) | 2002-06-19 |
DE69806181T2 (de) | 2003-02-13 |
FR2771111B1 (fr) | 1999-12-17 |
WO1999027531A1 (fr) | 1999-06-03 |
ATE224978T1 (de) | 2002-10-15 |
DE69808331T2 (de) | 2003-08-07 |
EP1034536A1 (fr) | 2000-09-13 |
ES2178281T3 (es) | 2002-12-16 |
ES2185229T3 (es) | 2003-04-16 |
DE69808331D1 (de) | 2002-10-31 |
ZA9810576B (en) | 1999-05-20 |
ATE219598T1 (de) | 2002-07-15 |
WO1999027185A1 (fr) | 1999-06-03 |
FR2771111A1 (fr) | 1999-05-21 |
DE69806181D1 (de) | 2002-07-25 |
AU1245399A (en) | 1999-06-15 |
EP1034330B1 (fr) | 2002-09-25 |
AU1245299A (en) | 1999-06-15 |
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