EP1005624A2 - Procede et dispositif pour refrigerer, en particulier congeler, un materiau - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour refrigerer, en particulier congeler, un materiau

Info

Publication number
EP1005624A2
EP1005624A2 EP98949922A EP98949922A EP1005624A2 EP 1005624 A2 EP1005624 A2 EP 1005624A2 EP 98949922 A EP98949922 A EP 98949922A EP 98949922 A EP98949922 A EP 98949922A EP 1005624 A2 EP1005624 A2 EP 1005624A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
goods
refrigerated goods
holder
cooled
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98949922A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1005624B1 (fr
Inventor
Ingo Heschel
Günter Prof. Dr. Rau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1005624A2 publication Critical patent/EP1005624A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1005624B1 publication Critical patent/EP1005624B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D31/00—Other cooling or freezing apparatus
    • F25D31/001—Plate freezers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air

Definitions

  • Method and device for cooling in particular freezing a product to be cooled
  • the invention relates to a method and a device for cooling, in particular freezing, a product to be cooled, in particular biological material.
  • the blood components are provided with anti-freeze additives such as hydroxyethyl starch (HES) or glycerin, which are necessary to achieve a sufficiently high cell survival rate after the freeze-thaw process.
  • HES hydroxyethyl starch
  • glycerin glycerin
  • the blood components in a foil pouch are placed in a container, which is then cooled by immersion in, for example, liquid nitrogen.
  • DE 31 42 521 C2 and DE A 44 37 091 have proposed that the bag be held between two plates arranged in parallel to one another and the bag together cool the holder in the nitrogen fluid.
  • a similar holder is also known from WO 90/09184.
  • the known holders have the advantage that a high surface volume ratio is achieved on the bag. However, it is disadvantageous that the heat transfer from the cooling fluid to the biological material is hindered by the holder.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method and a device of the generic type with which the cooling of a product to be cooled can be accelerated.
  • This object is achieved procedurally in that the refrigerated goods and a pre-cooled body with high heat capacity are pressed together.
  • the pre-cooled body with a high heat capacity has the advantage that the body does not have to be re-cooled during the absorption of heat from the refrigerated goods, at least for an initial period, and the high heat capacity of the body is chosen so that the body ideally releases all of the heat released from the refrigerated goods can absorb without significantly warming up. As a result, heat transfer from the refrigerated goods over the body to the cooling fluid is not necessary during the rapid cooling process.
  • the heat capacity of the pre-cooled body can be chosen so large that a chilled item tempered above the solidification temperature is cooled to at least -18 ° Celsius, preferably to at least -30 ° Celsius, without after-cooling.
  • the method can be carried out in such a way that such refrigerated goods are cooled to below the solidification temperature, even if, strictly speaking, the solidification temperature covers a certain solidification temperature interval.
  • the heat capacity of the pre-cooled body can also be chosen to be large enough to cool a refrigerated item above the solidification temperature without after-cooling to below the glass transition temperature.
  • the cooling process takes place in a particularly suitable manner, in particular also for vitrification.
  • the cooled body and the goods to be cooled are pressed together according to the invention.
  • the pressures generated in the range of 0.01 bar - 4 bar, (0.1 bar - 0.4 bar overpressure are advantageous) improve the heat transfer from the pre-cooled body to the refrigerated goods. Even if the refrigerated goods are in a foil pouch, the high pressure improves the heat transfer from the cooled body to the foil pouch and from the foil pouch to the refrigerated goods.
  • the body has a surface that is adapted to the shape of the refrigerated goods.
  • the body can either be adapted to the shape of the bag or can press the bag into a specific shape.
  • a liquid or deformable refrigerated goods can be formed into plates, for example, in order to reduce the path length of the heat transfer in the refrigerated goods. By deforming the surface into a wave, for example, the heat transfer surface can be increased in order to achieve better heat transfer.
  • a further increase in the heat transfer between the cooled body and the refrigerated goods is achieved in that the surface is polished.
  • a surface that is as smooth as possible prevents air from being trapped between the refrigerated goods and the cooled body, which would hinder the heat transfer.
  • the refrigerated goods be pressed between at least two bodies with a high heat capacity. This allows the refrigerated goods to be cooled from several sides in order to achieve rapid cooling within the refrigerated goods.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that opposed, cooled bodies with corresponding surfaces are pressed onto the items to be refrigerated in such a way that the items to be refrigerated lie in a narrow, for example undulating, gap.
  • the body or bodies enclose the refrigerated goods. This has the further advantage that the refrigerated goods are not deformed in an uncontrolled manner by the forces exerted on the refrigerated goods and bags filled with liquid do not burst.
  • a cooling fluid be carried in the body.
  • the body can be post-cooled during the absorption of heat, and it is also possible to cool the body again after the cold has been given off by the cooling fluid carried in it.
  • the body itself can also be in the cooling fluid so that the cooling fluid flows around it.
  • the object on which the invention is based is also achieved by a device for cooling, in particular freezing, a product to be cooled, in particular biological material, in which at least one pre-cooled body delimits a cooling space for the goods to be cooled, in that the mass of the pre-cooled body in g (grams ) is at least two and a half (2.5) times the volume of the refrigerator in ml (milliliters).
  • cooling space is to be understood as the space which is taken up by the refrigerated goods during cooling or which is delimited by the precooled body.
  • the above ratio is at least five (5).
  • a device results which guarantees particularly high cooling rates.
  • the devices described above are particularly suitable for refrigerated goods from 1 mg mass upwards. They are particularly suitable for refrigerated goods above 1g or for macroscopic refrigerated goods, such as canned goods.
  • the object on which the invention is based is also achieved with a device which has a holder which essentially keeps the goods to be cooled undeformable during the cooling process and enables direct contact between the cooling fluid and the goods to be cooled.
  • the object of the invention also solves a method for cooling, in particular freezing, refrigerated goods, in particular biological material, in which the refrigerated goods are kept essentially deformable during cooling and are brought into direct contact with a cooling fluid in at least one room.
  • the space preferably runs at least a certain distance along the refrigerated goods.
  • the holder according to the invention is designed such that it holds, in particular, liquid blood components filled in bags in a form which is favorable for cooling and nevertheless enables direct contact between the cooling fluid and the goods to be cooled.
  • the refrigerated goods are kept optimally on the one hand, and those known from the prior art on the other Problems of heat transfer from the refrigerated goods through the holder to the cooling fluid avoided.
  • the contact area between the holder and the items to be cooled is smaller than the contact area between the cooling fluid and the items to be cooled.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the device provides that the holder has guide channels for guiding the cooling fluid. This allows free convection or a pumping of the cooling medium through the channels, especially with boiling cooling media.
  • This chimney effect is so strong that it is proposed to arrange flow-restricting, adjustable devices at the inlet and / or outlet. This makes it easy to control or regulate the cooling fluid flow.
  • the flow-limiting adjustable devices should advantageously also be adjustable during the cooling process, as a result of which the differences in the cooling rates from the edge to the center of the sample can be corrected, which could otherwise lead to locally different survival rates.
  • a simple structure of the device is achieved in that the holder holds the refrigerated goods in the form of a plate. Good cooling rates can be achieved in particular by cooling the plate-shaped frozen goods on both sides.
  • the refrigerated goods can also be held in the form of a cylinder, and a holder which holds the refrigerated goods in the form of a hollow cylinder is particularly advantageous, since the refrigerated goods thereby enclose a cavity which can serve as a guide channel for the cooling fluid.
  • a chamber is proposed into which the holder can be inserted and which is preferably heatable.
  • the heatability of the chamber allows the evaporation rate of the cooling fluid and thus the convection to be set precisely.
  • the holder itself can also be designed to be heatable.
  • the chamber has an inlet with a cooling fluid pump. This enables a forced flow of the cooling fluid through the chamber and between the items to be cooled and the holder, which improves the heat transfer from the items to be cooled to the cooling fluid.
  • a preferred embodiment provides that the chamber has an overflow and a separator for liquid cooling fluid. While the liquid cooling fluid is used for further cooling, the gaseous portion of the cooling fluid is either discarded or in a connected device again liquefied.
  • a preferred use of the described method or the described device lies in the freezing of bags filled with a liquid, in particular blood components. These bags are flexible in shape and must be cooled down as quickly as possible. Although anti-freeze additives limit the damage to the blood components, particularly high cooling rates should be achieved. This can be achieved in a simple manner using the described method or the described device.
  • the volume of the refrigerated goods and in aqueous systems additionally changes due to the crystallization and it is therefore proposed that the described body or the described holder be pressed onto the refrigerated goods essentially with a constant pressure become.
  • This can be achieved, for example, by means of a preloaded spring with a flat spring characteristic, with pneumatic or hydraulic devices.
  • a hydraulic or pneumatic device with appropriate control makes it possible to keep the pressure on the refrigerated goods essentially constant.
  • the increase in volume during crystallization can in principle be compensated for by regulating the pressure, it is also advantageous not to fill the foil pouch completely, but to leave a gas cushion above the frozen food so that the volume expansion does not place excessive stress on the pouch weld seams.
  • a microporous surface is provided in the body or the holder on the side of the cooling fluid.
  • the surface may be roughened itself or it can be an adhesive layer having a microporous surface ⁇ such as Leukosilk R, are applied to the surface. It is particularly advantageous if this microporous layer is attached directly to the bag.
  • the body or the holder can have a temperature below the solidification temperature of the cooled goods before cooling the cooled goods.
  • the body or the holder can have a temperature above the solidification temperature of the goods to be cooled before the goods to be cooled are cooled.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a device for pressing cooled bodies onto a product to be cooled
  • FIG. 2 shows the principle of horizontal supply of refrigerated goods
  • FIG. 3 the principle of the vertical supply of refrigerated goods
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a side view of a device with a holder with cooling fins
  • FIG. 5 shows a section through the device according to FIG. 4,
  • Figure 6 is a schematic representation of a device for free
  • Figure 7 shows an alternative embodiment of a device for free convection with heating.
  • the device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is used to cool a cooling bag 2 which is filled with a cooling good and is held between two plates 3 and 4.
  • These plates 3 and 4 in a cold room 10 are made of metal, such as steel or preferably copper, and have a high heat capacity.
  • a pneumatic cylinder 5 is connected to the plate 3 via a piston rod 6, so that the plate 3 can be pressed in parallel against the cooling bag 2 with great force.
  • the cooling bag 2 is clamped between the plates 3 and 4.
  • the guidance of the plates 3 and 4 can also be realized by a cable pull system or by a gear, joint or chain gear.
  • the plate movement can take place by a drive arranged outside the cryogenic region, such as by a pneumatic cylinder.
  • the plates 3 and 4 can either be cooled by overflowing with liquid nitrogen or liquid nitrogen is passed through the pipes 7 through the plates in order to cool the plates.
  • the inner surfaces of the pipes are covered with a microporous layer 8.
  • the use of the device 1 is shown schematically in FIG. 2.
  • First At least one plate is cooled down to the desired temperature with liquid nitrogen 9 and then a cooling bag 2 is placed on the lower plate 4 by means of a special template. Existing circular punched-outs on the edge of the cooling bag can be used to fix the cooling bag within the cooling container, for example by means of mandrels.
  • the plate 3 is pressed onto the cooling bag 2 by means of the pneumatic device 5, so that the heat is transferred from the bag 2 to the plates 3 and 4. After the cooling bag 2 has cooled, the plate 3 is raised by means of the pneumatic device 5 and the cooling bag 2 is removed from the device 1 in accordance with the actuating arrow 10.
  • FIG. 3 An alternative device variant is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the cooling bag 2' is placed between two vertically arranged plates 3 'and 4' and the cooled plates 3 'and 4' are pressed onto the bag 2 'by means of the pneumatic device 5' .
  • the bag 2 ' After the bag 2 'has been cooled, it is removed from the device 1' in the vertical direction in accordance with the actuating arrow 10 '.
  • FIG. 4 A further device 11 for freezing or cooling a cooling bag 12 is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the bag is clamped between two L-shaped plates 13 and 14, which completely enclose the bag 12.
  • the plates 13 and 14 are pressed together via pneumatic cylinders 15, 16 so that the cooling bag 12 is held between the plates.
  • the plates 13 and 14 have a comb-like structure on the side facing the bag 12, which can be seen in FIG. This will form at Placing the plates 13, 14 on the cooling bag 12 channels 17, in which cooling fluid can rise along the arrows 18 between the plates and the cooling bag 12.
  • the plates 13, 14 and the cooling bag 12 are arranged in a chamber 19 which is closed with a cover 20.
  • the plates are spaced from the chamber bottom to allow the plate to flow under.
  • Liquid nitrogen is passed into this chamber via line 21 and pump 22.
  • This liquid nitrogen initially collects at the bottom of the chamber 19 and then rises in the channels 17, where it heats up and changes into the vapor phase.
  • the channels 17 cause a chimney effect, which leads to a particularly strong flow within the channels.
  • 17 flaps 23, 24 are provided at the entrance to the channels.
  • the nitrogen emerging at the upper end of the channels 17 flows to a separator 25, which separates liquid from gaseous nitrogen.
  • the separator 25 comprises a steam outlet opening through which the gaseous nitrogen is discharged.
  • a microporous layer 26, 27 is provided which improves the heat transfer from the cooling fluid to the plate and thus the heat transfer to the cooling bag.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic arrangement of a device according to FIG. 4 with heating elements 28 and 29 which are arranged on the sides of the plates 31 and 32 opposite the cooling bag 30.
  • heating elements 28 and 29 which are arranged on the sides of the plates 31 and 32 opposite the cooling bag 30.
  • a further heating device 36 is provided in the bottom area of the device in order to likewise amplify and regulate the flow of the cooling fluid.
  • the liquid portion of the cooling fluid escaping upwards is collected in a device (not shown).
  • FIG. 7 shows a further alternative embodiment of the device according to FIG. 4 with two heating devices 37, 38 for the holders 43, 44.
  • the refrigerant migrates downward in the outer region of a container 39 and is directed via a funnel 40 to the channels 41 and 42 in the plates 43 and 44.
  • a cover 47 with a gas outlet 48 is provided above the diverter plates 45, 46.
  • the liquid level 49 of the refrigerant is kept just above the cooling bag and below the baffle plates 45, 46. This can reduce the consumption of liquid nitrogen.
  • the lower entrance of the channels can be regulated by means of flaps.
  • the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 4, 5, 6 and 7 can be operated on the one hand in such a way that the refrigerated goods and the container or the plates are initially kept above the solidification temperature of the refrigerated goods.
  • the container or the plates can already be pre-cooled and only the refrigerated goods can be kept above the solidification temperature before it is given to the device.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Pour améliorer le transfert de chaleur lors de processus de congélation, il est proposé de presser l'un contre l'autre le matériau à réfrigérer (12) et un corps préréfigéré (3, 4) présentant une capacité thermique élevée. On obtient un transfert de chaleur amélioré également à l'aide d'un dispositif (11) qui présente un support au moyen duquel le matériau à refroidir (22) est maintenu de façon qu'il ne se déforme pratiquement pas pendant le processus de réfrigération et qui permet un contact direct entre le fluide réfrigérant et le matériau à refroidir (12). De préférence, des canaux (17) s'étendant verticalement, dans lesquels s'écoule le fluide réfrigérant, sont placés entre le support et le matériau à refroidir (12).
EP98949922A 1997-08-21 1998-08-20 Procede et dispositif pour refrigerer, en particulier congeler, un materiau Expired - Lifetime EP1005624B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19736372A DE19736372A1 (de) 1997-08-21 1997-08-21 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kühlen, insbesondere Gefrieren eines Kühlgutes
DE19736372 1997-08-21
PCT/DE1998/002427 WO1999010693A2 (fr) 1997-08-21 1998-08-20 Procede et dispositif pour refrigerer, en particulier congeler, un materiau

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1005624A2 true EP1005624A2 (fr) 2000-06-07
EP1005624B1 EP1005624B1 (fr) 2002-05-08

Family

ID=7839714

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98949922A Expired - Lifetime EP1005624B1 (fr) 1997-08-21 1998-08-20 Procede et dispositif pour refrigerer, en particulier congeler, un materiau

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6393860B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1005624B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU9620298A (fr)
DE (3) DE19736372A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999010693A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109387028A (zh) * 2017-08-09 2019-02-26 嘉烁有限公司 冷冻设施

Families Citing this family (10)

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US6698213B2 (en) 2001-05-22 2004-03-02 Integrated Biosystems, Inc. Systems and methods for freezing and storing biopharmaceutical material
US6945056B2 (en) * 2001-11-01 2005-09-20 Integrated Biosystems, Inc. Systems and methods for freezing, mixing and thawing biopharmaceutical material
US7104074B2 (en) * 2001-11-01 2006-09-12 Integrated Biosystems, Inc. Systems and methods for freezing, storing, transporting and thawing biopharmaceutical material
AU2003275139A1 (en) * 2002-09-23 2004-04-08 Sartorius Stedim Freeze Thaw Inc. Systems and methods for freezing, storing, transporting and thawing biopharmaceutical material
EP1570217A1 (fr) * 2002-12-13 2005-09-07 Integrated Biosystems Inc. Systeme de congelation/decongelation miniature pour produits biopharmaceutiques et biologiques
US8028532B2 (en) * 2006-03-06 2011-10-04 Sartorius Stedim North America Inc. Systems and methods for freezing, storing and thawing biopharmaceutical materials
US20090094995A1 (en) * 2006-06-15 2009-04-16 Air Liquide Industrial U.S. Lp System and method for processing food products with fluid recirculation and chilling
US8894894B2 (en) * 2006-06-15 2014-11-25 Air Liquide Industrial U.S. Lp Fluid recirculation system for localized temperature control and chilling of compressed articles
EP2710347B1 (fr) 2011-05-18 2020-08-26 Biocision, LLC Dispositif de congélation de cellule passive assisté par ventilation
US11116206B2 (en) 2018-10-01 2021-09-14 Cook Medical Technologies Llc Cryocontainer

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US4018911A (en) * 1975-11-10 1977-04-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method for large volume freezing and thawing of packed erythrocytes
US4251995A (en) * 1979-04-25 1981-02-24 Hedbergska Stiftelsen Method of freezing human blood platelets in glycerol-glucose using a statically controlled cooling rate device
DE3142521A1 (de) * 1981-10-27 1983-07-21 Forschungsgesellschaft für Biomedizinische Technik, 5100 Aachen "verfahren und vorrichtung zum definierten abkuehlen plattenfoermiger koerper durch waermeabgabe an siedende kaeltemittel"
JPS6056B2 (ja) * 1983-01-14 1985-01-05 株式会社 ほくさん 受精卵、精子等の凍結装置
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FR2632391A1 (fr) * 1988-06-07 1989-12-08 Trapani Sauveur Dispositif de congelation rapide de poches de plasma et produits sanguins analogues
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109387028A (zh) * 2017-08-09 2019-02-26 嘉烁有限公司 冷冻设施
CN109387028B (zh) * 2017-08-09 2021-12-31 嘉烁有限公司 冷冻设施

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1999010693A2 (fr) 1999-03-04
EP1005624B1 (fr) 2002-05-08
AU9620298A (en) 1999-03-16
DE59804073D1 (de) 2002-06-13
US6393860B1 (en) 2002-05-28
DE19881222D2 (de) 2000-10-26
DE19736372A1 (de) 1999-02-25
WO1999010693A3 (fr) 1999-05-27

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