Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
  • E05B65/00—Locks or fastenings for special use
  • E05B65/10—Locks or fastenings for special use for panic or emergency doors
  • E05B65/104—Locks or fastenings for special use for panic or emergency doors actuated in response to heat, e.g. with fusible element, bimetal, memory shape or swelling material
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
  • E05F3/00—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
  • E05F3/22—Additional arrangements for closers, e.g. for holding the wing in opened or other position
  • E05F3/227—Additional arrangements for closers, e.g. for holding the wing in opened or other position mounted at the top of wings, e.g. details related to closer housings, covers, end caps or rails therefor
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
  • E05F3/00—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
  • E05F3/22—Additional arrangements for closers, e.g. for holding the wing in opened or other position
  • E05F2003/228—Arrangements where the end of the closer arm is sliding in a track
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
  • E05Y2800/00—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
  • E05Y2800/40—Protection
  • E05Y2800/414—Protection against high or low temperatures
  • E05Y2800/416—Protection against high or low temperatures against fire
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
  • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
  • E05Y2900/10—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
  • E05Y2900/13—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof characterised by the type of wing
  • E05Y2900/132—Doors
  • E05Y2900/134—Fire doors

Definitions

• the invention relates to a door drive with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
• Door drives with a closer spring as an energy store and a hydraulically damped closing movement are known, in which the closer spring interacts with a hydraulic piston-cylinder unit.
• the piston-cylinder unit and the closer spring are arranged in a housing and interact via a toothed rack and a pinion or via a cam mechanism with a closer shaft rotatably mounted in the housing, which is connected directly to the door or via a force-transmitting linkage.
• the leaf is opened manually, the energy store is charged and then discharged when the door is closed automatically. With each opening and closing movement of the door, hydraulic fluid is exchanged between the two piston working spaces by actuating the piston.
• a manual door closer constructed in this way is known, for example, from DE 36 38 353 A1.
• electro-hydraulic door drives are also known, which are constructed similarly to the door closers just described, but which additionally have an electric hydraulic pump for motorized opening, e.g. described in DE 40 02 747 A1.
• scissor linkages or sliding arm linkages are used as force-transmitting linkages in drives constructed in this way.
• versions that are mounted on the door leaf or on the frame.
• Flammable media can e.g. B. in gears, clutches, damping devices.
• This flammable medium can be hydraulic oil of a hydraulic damping device, a hydraulic transmission or a hydraulic clutch, as well as other flammable media that are suitable for use in such devices.
• the use of the highly thermally conductive fastening element ensures that the fuse will melt in the event of a corresponding heat and that the drive housing can detach itself from the door leaf or the door frame, e.g. falls off.
• Plastic is preferably used to carry out the fuse.
• low melting metal can also be used, e.g. with melting temperature less than 300 ° C.
• the fastening member which is made of highly thermally conductive material that does not melt or only melts at high temperature above 300 ° C., in particular above 500 ° C., can be made of metal, in particular copper, steel.
• the high thermal conductivity of the fastener ensures that the fastener in the event of fire, the heat transfer from the hot door to the fuse is high, ie a lot of heat is quickly transported to melt the fuse quickly and safely.
• the fuse ensures a non-positive connection between the drive housing and the door leaf or the door frame.
• the plastic begins to melt at temperatures above 300 ° C. This also loosens the attachment of the drive housing.
• the desired melting temperature can be selected in a suitable manner by choosing the appropriate plastic or by varying its composition.
• the drive housing and / or a mounting plate of the drive housing is made of weakly heat-conducting material, e.g. made of plastic, asbestos or substitutes, ceramics, glass or composite materials made of these substances to ensure that the medium in the drive housing, e.g. Oil, little and slowly warmed up in the event of fire. Heating of the oil and bursting of the drive housing is at least delayed, preferably prevented, as long as the drive housing is mounted on the door which is hot in the event of a fire.
• the fastening device of the slide or pivot bearing in which the force-transmitting linkage is supported on the door frame or door leaf, should advantageously be released in the event of a fire. This is done e.g. by automatically unhooking the connection to the drive housing as soon as the drive housing detaches from the door leaf or door frame or preferably by means of its own fuse for the slide or pivot bearing. In the event of a fire, the drive housing and linkage fall to the ground early and together before the door closer or door closer housing and the oil are heated. Without direct contact with the hot surface of the door, there is no longer any risk of hydraulic oil igniting.
• the fastening screws of the fastening device with which the drive housing and the slide or pivot bearing are mounted on the door leaf or the door frame are made of metal.
• the fuse has sleeves made of plastic, which are received in fastening bores of the drive housing or of the rotary or sliding bearing.
• the outer diameter of the sleeves is larger than the diameter of the screw head of the respective fastening screw, so that the holes in the drive housing or in the rotary or slide bearing let the screw heads pass as soon as the sleeves melt in the event of a fire.
• the drive housing or rotary or slide bearing are mounted on mounting plates made of highly heat-insulating and / or low-melting material, e.g. Plastic attached.
• the mounting plates are in turn attached to the door leaf or door frame.
• the mounting screws of the drive housing or rotary or sliding bearing which are preferably made of highly heat-conducting material, only engage in the mounting plate, but not in the door frame or door leaf. If the mounting plates melt in the area of the highly heat-conducting screws in the event of a fire, the drive housing or pivot or slide bearing lose their hold and fall to the ground.
• the drive housing and / or the force-transmitting linkage and / or the rotary or slide bearing can be made entirely or partially of highly heat-insulating and / or low-melting material, e.g. Be made of plastic.
• highly heat-insulating and / or low-melting material e.g. Be made of plastic.
• further heat-insulating and / or low-melting mounting plates or the like can be dispensed with.
• plastic for the housing and linkage results in good thermal insulation to the door, which is hot in the event of a fire, so that the medium in the drive housing is heated very slowly at best.
• the housing of the drive can be made of heat-insulating material, but also, especially if a mounting plate made of heat-insulating material is used, of metal.
• the invention is explained in more detail in the figures. It shows:
• Figure 1 is a schematic front view of a swing door with a slide arm door closer mounted on top;
• Figure 2 shows a section along line II - II in Figure 1 with a fastening of the door closer via plastic screws;
• FIG. 3 shows a section along line II - II in FIG. 1 with securing the fastening of the door closer via plastic sleeves;
• Figure 4 shows a section along line II - II in Figure 1 with an assembly of the door closer on mounting plates made of plastic;
• FIG. 5 shows a section along line II - II in FIG. 1 of a door closer with a plastic housing and a plastic slide rail.
• Figure 1 shows a schematic front view of a swing door.
• the door has a door leaf 1 which is pivotally mounted on a vertical edge in bands 11 on the stationary door frame 2.
• the door leaf 1 is equipped with a sliding arm door closer 3 mounted on top.
• the sliding arm door closer 3 consists of a door closer housing 31 in which a closer shaft 4 is rotatably mounted.
• a sliding arm 5 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the closer shaft 4 and has at its free end a slider 6 which is displaceably and rotatably guided in a sliding rail 7.
• a closer spring (not shown in the figures) and a damping device which cooperate with the closer shaft 4 are arranged in the door closer housing 31.
• the sliding arm door closer 3 can be a conventionally constructed door closer 3, e.g. B. a hydraulic door closer 3, as described in DE 36 38 353 A1.
• Such a door closer 3 works in such a way that when the door leaf 1 is opened manually by the resulting forced movement of the linkage and the closer shaft 4, the closer spring is excited. The closing process then takes place automatically under the action of the closer spring. Hydraulic medium is exchanged between the two piston working spaces of the piston-cylinder system via hydraulic channels and valves.
• the door closer housing 31 is mounted on the door leaf 1.
• the slide rail 7 is mounted on the frame 2.
• the door closer housing 31 is mounted on the frame 2 and the slide rail 7 on the door leaf 1. The assembly can be carried out both on the hinge side, as shown in FIG. 1, and on the opposite hinge side.
• a scissor arm linkage can also be used instead of a slide arm linkage.
• the invention can also be used on double-leaf doors, which can additionally be equipped with a closing sequence control.
• the invention can be used on electrohydraulic door drives which additionally have a hydraulic pump, preferably also arranged in the drive housing, for motorized opening or motor-assisted opening of door leaf 1.
• door closers or door drives 3 for use on fire and fire protection doors had to be constructed in such a way that no hydraulic medium escapes even when the door closer or door drive 3 heats up excessively.
• the door areas which serve to mount the door drive 3, namely the door frame 2 and wing edges act as thermal bridges when the door is closed. Even on the side facing away from the fire, the surface temperature of the door can reach 300 ° to 400 ° C at these points. Hydraulic oil escaping through a leak would ignite immediately and promote the spread of the fire.
• ignition of the hydraulic medium is now prevented by the door closer 3 or door drive 3 completely detaching from the “hot” door in the event of a fire.
• the fastening device of the drive housing 31 and the fastening device of the linkage 5, 6, 7 act for this purpose in each case together with a fuse which ensures a stable fastening of the door closer or door drive 3 at room temperature, but melts and releases the fastening at temperatures of approximately 300 ° C. Since the drive housing 31 continues to the hot door solely by the force of the linkage four alternative embodiments of the invention are shown below, and FIGS. 2 to 5 each show a section along line II-II in FIG.
• FIG. 2 shows a cross section in the area of the fastening device of a hydraulic door closer 3.
• the output shaft 4 of the door closer 3 is guided via a sliding arm linkage 5 with a sliding body 6 in a sliding rail 7 fastened to the frame.
• the slide rail 7 is screwed to the frame 2 at its axial ends with fastening screws 33.
• the drive housing 31 mounted on the door leaf is equipped with a mounting foot 32 on each of its two ends.
• Each of the two mounting feet 32 has two bores for receiving fastening screws 33, which are used to fasten the drive housing 31 on the door leaf 1.
• Both the fastening screws 33 of the drive housing 31 and that of the slide rail 7 are made of plastic and are designed as fuses. At temperatures above 300 ° C, as occurs, for example, in the event of fire on the side of a fire protection door facing away from the fire, the plastic melts and loses its load-bearing capacity. Due to their own weight, the slide rail 7 and the door drive housing 31 including the linkage 5, 6, 7 then detach from the door frame 2 or door leaf 1 and fall to the floor. There is no direct contact to the hot door surface on the side facing away from the fire the door now no danger that any escaping hydraulic oil ignites. On the fire side, on the other hand, it is entirely possible that a door closer 3 lying on the floor is also caught by the fire. However, this does not pose a risk in terms of safety, since in this case the fire cannot spread to the side of door 1 facing away from the fire.
• Figure 3 shows a modification of Figure 2.
• the holes for receiving the fastening screws 33 in the slide rail 7 and in the mounting feet 32 of the drive housing 31 are each provided with plastic sleeves 8.
• the plastic sleeves 8 in turn take the fastening screws 33 and serve as a fuse.
• the sleeve diameter is chosen larger than the diameter of the respective screw head.
• the fastening screws 33 are made of a highly thermally conductive material, e.g. Metal, in particular copper or steel, which in the event of fire conduct sufficient and rapid heat to the plastic sleeves designed as a fuse.
• the plastic sleeves 8 melt in the fastening bores of the slide rail 7 and drive housing 31 in this embodiment and then let the screw heads pass through. As already described in FIG. 2, the slide rail 7 and the door drive housing 31 including the linkage 5, 6, 7 then fall to the ground. If there are metal screws, they remain in the door leaf 1 or in the door frame 2.
• FIG. 4 shows a further alternative embodiment, which is particularly suitable for retrofitting existing door closers 3.
• Both the slide rail 7 and the drive housing 31 are fastened on mounting plates 9 made of highly heat-insulating and low-melting plastic on the door frame 2 or the door leaf 1.
• Slide rail 7 and drive housing 31 are fastened to the mounting plate 9 by means of highly heat-conducting, non-melting metallic mounting screws 34.
• the mounting screws 34 only engage in the respective mounting plate 9, but not in the door frame 2 or the door leaf 1.
• the mounting plates 9 are in turn fastened with supply screws 33 made of metal screwed onto the door frame 2 or door leaf 1. In the event of fire, the mounting plates 9 serve as fuses.
• the mounting screws 34 for fastening the drive housing 31 and the slide rail 7 lose their hold when the mounting plate 9 melts away, and, as already described in FIG. 2, the slide rail 7 and the door drive housing 31 including the linkage 5, 6, 7 then fall to the ground.
• the high thermal conductivity of the screws ensures reliable and complete melting of the locking element.
• both the slide rail 7 and the mounting feet of the door drive housing 31 are made of plastic and are screwed onto the door frame 2 or the door leaf 1 in a conventional manner with metallic fastening screws 33.
• the slide rail 7 or the mounting feet 32 act as a fuse.
• the slide rail 7 and the door drive housing 31 including the linkage 5, 6, 7 fall to the ground as soon as the slide rail 7 and mounting feet 32 melt due to the heat development and the fastening screws 33 thereby lose their hold.
• the highly heat-conducting and non-fusible screws ensure that the fuse in the area of the screws melts reliably and quickly.
• the entire drive housing 31 and not only its mounting feet from plastic. It is not only plastic that can be used as a fuse 8, 9, 33. Other materials that offer sufficient mechanical stability and processability at room temperature and have a low melting point are also suitable for this purpose.
• the fastening device with the fusible link has proven itself to be correspondingly advantageous in all drives which work with an inflammable medium when used on fire and fire protection doors.
• such media can be hydraulic oil, but also other media are conceivable.
• the media can be used to damp the wing movement as described above in a damping device z. B. with piston-cylinder system.
• designs are also possible which have hydraulic clutches or hydraulic gears or clutches or gears with other flammable media.
• the use of strongly heat-insulating materials for the drive housing or for the mounting plate ensures in all embodiments that the heating of the oil in the drive housing is reduced, or at least delayed, in the event of a fire, so that the bursting of the housing and the escape of oil are counteracted.

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (3)

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ID=7833465

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (1)

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• 1997
  • 1997-06-24 DE DE19726741A patent/DE19726741A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1998
  • 1998-06-24 AT AT98942460T patent/ATE292228T1/de active
  • 1998-06-24 AU AU90608/98A patent/AU9060898A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-06-24 WO PCT/DE1998/001727 patent/WO1998059141A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1998-06-24 DE DE59812693T patent/DE59812693D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-06-24 EP EP98942460A patent/EP0991840B2/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-06-24 CN CN98807492A patent/CN1265171A/zh active Pending
  • 1998-06-24 DE DE19880777T patent/DE19880777D2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-06-24 US US09/446,716 patent/US6363575B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1998-06-24 DE DE29880074U patent/DE29880074U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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