Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
  • C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
  • C06B47/145—Water in oil emulsion type explosives in which a carbonaceous fuel forms the continuous phase

Definitions

• the present invention is in the field general industrial explosives for civil use.
• In-line explosive emulsions of the water-in-oil type are well known to those skilled in the art.
• the emulsions explosives mentioned above have a safety of use and significantly improved manufacturing. In counterpart, they are clearly less powerful and release less explosion energy.
• sensitizing molecules such as nitrate hydrazine and organic nitrates, including amine nitrates such as methylamine nitrate, or well again reaction catalysts such as the copper chloride, or else very oxidizers reagents such as chlorates or perchlorates.
• Patent application EP 598 115 describes for example explosive energy emulsions based on nitrate ammonium containing amine nitrate and / or nitrate hydrazine as a sensitizer.
• No. 4,371,408 discloses ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate explosive emulsions sensitized with an amine nitrate and containing CuCl 2 as a detonation catalyst.
• the present invention therefore aims to new explosive emulsions encapsulated type water-in-oil sensitized by a gaseous phase dispersed and comprising ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, water, a fuel hydrocarbon, an emulsifier and aluminum.
• weight contents are expressed by compared to the sensitized explosive emulsion and must be understood limits included.
• the new explosive emulsions mentioned above according to the invention are in particular free of chlorates and perchlorates, for example those of ammonium, metals alkaline or alkaline earth metals, lacking molecules sensitizers of the organic nitrate type, by example of nitrates of alkylamines and nitrates alkanolamines, or nitrates of hydrazines, by example of hydrazine nitrate and nitrate methylhydrazine, free of metal catalysts reaction such as copper chloride.
• chlorates and perchlorates for example those of ammonium, metals alkaline or alkaline earth metals, lacking molecules sensitizers of the organic nitrate type, by example of nitrates of alkylamines and nitrates alkanolamines, or nitrates of hydrazines, by example of hydrazine nitrate and nitrate methylhydrazine, free of metal catalysts reaction
• the hydrocarbon fuel can be a mixture of several hydrocarbon fuels and the emulsifier a mixture of several emulsifiers.
• the hydrocarbon fuel can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, saturated or unsaturated.
• the hydrocarbon fuel is selected from the group consisting of oils, waxes, paraffins and mixtures thereof.
• the emulsifier can be any well-known emulsifier of the skilled person promoting physical stability water-in-oil emulsions by lowering the interfacial tension between the two phases of the emulsion.
• the emulsifier is preferably chosen from group consisting of polymeric emulsifiers that simultaneously contain hydrophilic chains and hydrophobic chains, such as polyisobutylene and succinic anhydride, the amines, especially those having from 12 to 24 carbon atoms carbon, esters of fatty acids such as monooleate of sorbitan, sorbitan laurate, palmitate sorbitan and sorbitan stearate, alkylaryl sulfonates, and mixtures thereof.
• polymeric emulsifiers that simultaneously contain hydrophilic chains and hydrophobic chains, such as polyisobutylene and succinic anhydride, the amines, especially those having from 12 to 24 carbon atoms carbon, esters of fatty acids such as monooleate of sorbitan, sorbitan laurate, palmitate sorbitan and sorbitan stearate, alkylaryl sulfonates, and mixtures thereof.
• Aluminum used in the context of this invention is finely divided, preferably powder.
• Its particle size is generally between 0.1 ⁇ m and 250 ⁇ m, more preferably between 0.5 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m.
• the explosive emulsions according to the invention are sensitized by a dispersed gas phase, according to a method well known to those skilled in the art.
• the gaseous release in situ by means of chemical agents, including the use of nitrites, such as nitrite sodium, which, by reaction with the ammonium ions of the ammonium nitrate, cause in situ formation nitrogen.
• nitrites such as nitrite sodium
• This reaction can be accelerated by raising of the temperature and / or by a catalyst of urea, thiourea or thiocyanate type.
• the emulsions explosives according to the invention contain between 13% and 17% by volume of dispersed gas phase, better still between 14% and 16% by volume.
• the sum of the ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate is between 73% and 77%, better still between 74% and 76%.
• the content weight in ammonium nitrate is between 61% and 67%, better still between 62% and 65%.
• the content weight in water is between 4.5% and 6.5%, better still between 5% and 6%.
• the content weight in aluminum is between 13% and 17%, better still between 13.5% and 16.5%, better still between 14% and 16%.
• the content weight of emulsifier is between 1.5% and 4%, better still between 2% and 3.5%.
• the content weight of hydrocarbon fuel is between 0.7% and 4%, better still between 0.8% and 3%, better still between 1% and 2%.
• the density of explosive emulsions according to the invention is preferably between 1.26 and 1.40, better still between 1.28 and 1.37, their speed of detonation measured in diameter 80 mm confined is between 5500 m / s and 6300 m / s, better still between 5750 m / s and 6300 m / s, and their actual total energy, determined under water, is between 1100 cal / g and 1400 cal / g, more preferably between 1200 cal / g and 1400 cal / g.
• the explosive emulsions according to the invention can be obtained by analogy with any known process for obtaining explosive emulsions of water-in-oil type sensitized by a dispersed gas phase and comprising ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, water, a hydrocarbon fuel, an emulsifier and aluminum.
• the emulsifier may also not be incorporated into this stage with hydrocarbon fuel.
• the emulsion can be obtained using a turbine and simultaneously homogenized for example using a clover blade.
• the two phases, and the emulsifier if it is not incorporated in the phase fat are pumped by means of metering pumps into feed ducts of an emulsifier.
• aluminum, microspheres and / or the chemical gas generator are preferably incorporated into the emulsion by kneading, in the mixer used to produce the emulsion, or in a planetary agitator mixer.
• the adjuvants are preferably incorporated continuously, for example using endless screw, in a mixer in which also discharges the water-in-oil emulsion from the emulsifier.
• the sensitized explosive emulsion thus prepared is then sintered, possibly after a first cooling, manually or automatic, in ducts for example of paper or plastic material, using an installation encartouchage well known to those skilled in the art.
• the cartridges obtained are then generally cooled, for example by cold water or air depending on the nature of the sheath, so as to stabilize the final emulsion obtained.
• the aqueous phase (a) and the fatty phase (b) are then introduced into a mixer, then realized the emulsion using a turbine while homogenizing simultaneously mixing with a clover blade.
• the temperature self-maintains between 105 ° C and 110 ° C in the mixer.
• the mass of explosive emulsion that we introduce in each sheath is evidently deduced from the volume the desired cartridge, the density of the emulsion explosive that is measured before the encartouchage and the addition of sodium nitrite, and the volume ratio gas phase (about 15%).
• the desired gas phase volume is achieved and we then stop the formation chemical reaction nitrogen by suddenly lowering the temperature of the emulsion, which is easily achieved by spraying cold water on the cartridges.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
• Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
• Air Bags (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
• Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
• General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
• Cosmetics (AREA)
• Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
• Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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• 1998
  • 1998-07-03 FR FR9808498A patent/FR2780726B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1999
  • 1999-06-17 DK DK99401491T patent/DK0968985T3/da active
  • 1999-06-17 SI SI9930259T patent/SI0968985T1/xx unknown
  • 1999-06-17 PT PT99401491T patent/PT968985E/pt unknown
  • 1999-06-17 EP EP99401491A patent/EP0968985B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-06-17 ES ES99401491T patent/ES2196739T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-06-17 DE DE69906626T patent/DE69906626T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-06-17 AT AT99401491T patent/ATE236863T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-07-01 BG BG103547A patent/BG64046B1/bg unknown
  • 1999-07-01 RU RU99113834/02A patent/RU2222519C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-07-01 PL PL99334147A patent/PL189609B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-07-01 NO NO19993278A patent/NO311670B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-07-02 HU HU9902263A patent/HU224307B1/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-07-02 UA UA99073778A patent/UA58528C2/ru unknown
  • 1999-07-02 SK SK909-99A patent/SK285047B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-07-02 CZ CZ19992408A patent/CZ294205B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-07-02 OA OA9900151A patent/OA11073A/fr unknown

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