EP0961902A1 - Optisch teiltransparente vorrichtung zur lichtumlenkung mittels totalreflexion - Google Patents
Optisch teiltransparente vorrichtung zur lichtumlenkung mittels totalreflexionInfo
- Publication number
- EP0961902A1 EP0961902A1 EP97953629A EP97953629A EP0961902A1 EP 0961902 A1 EP0961902 A1 EP 0961902A1 EP 97953629 A EP97953629 A EP 97953629A EP 97953629 A EP97953629 A EP 97953629A EP 0961902 A1 EP0961902 A1 EP 0961902A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- light
- light deflection
- refractive index
- hollow cylinder
- stacked
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0147—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on thermo-optic effects
Definitions
- Optically partially transparent device for redirecting light by means of total reflection
- the invention relates to a device for deflecting light by means of total reflection, using stacked light deflecting bodies made of light-transparent material.
- the device preferably serves as sun protection devices.
- thermal components such as solar collectors and house facades with transparent thermal insulation (TWD).
- TWD transparent thermal insulation
- special devices are required for times of high irradiation in order to avert high temperatures and possible damage to the thermal components themselves.
- shading systems that are intended to prevent the interior from overheating are necessary.
- US Pat. No. 4,848,879 describes an optically transparent component whose transmissivity can be determined by the temperature-dependent refractive index behavior of a liquid which is introduced between a layer system consisting of optically transparent layers.
- a heating device is provided for the targeted setting of the desired transmittance, by means of which the liquid can be heated.
- the invention has for its object to further develop a light deflecting device which reflects the light incident on the device within a certain predetermined angular range by means of total reflection in such a way that the totally reflecting angular range is enlarged and moreover can be set within wide limits.
- the light incident on the device outside this angular range should penetrate the device almost unhindered.
- the device is intended in particular to protect against overheating and to have directionally selective reflection properties in a self-regulating manner depending on the position of the sun.
- the light deflecting device provides a plurality of light deflecting elements arranged parallel and side by side, each of which consists of a body made of transparent material, which has the shape of a hollow cylinder halved along its longitudinal axis, the intersecting surfaces of which are tion cutting plane are facing the incident light, the inner and outer radius of the hollow cylinder and the refractive index (n 2 ) of the transparent material compared to the refractive index (n- ⁇ ) of the material surrounding the transparent material are selected so that at one Halving cut surface into the body light is deflected by multiple total reflection on the inner and outer surface of the halved hollow cylinder to the other halving cut surface.
- the direct sunlight can be reflected back all year round without readjusting the mirror arrangement, provided the installation is suitable.
- each half hollow-cylindrical deflection body face the incidence of light.
- the individual deflecting bodies are made of material that is transparent to sunlight, they are transparent to incident light that does not strike the light deflecting device within the totally reflecting aperture.
- a negative structure is provided on the side opposite the light entry surface of the light deflecting element, which fills the spaces between the convex rear sides of the shaped bodies and forms a flat surface oriented parallel to the upper side.
- the individual half hollow-cylindrical deflecting bodies are spaced apart from one another via an interface layer, each of which has a lower refractive index than the material from which the deflecting body itself consists.
- a corresponding boundary layer must be provided at the interface between the outer half hollow-cylindrical contour and the adjoining negative binding structure.
- Such a boundary layer is can be produced, for example, by trapping air between two deflecting bodies lying one on top of the other or by means of suitable, transparent adhesive materials.
- the deflecting bodies designed according to the invention which can be formed, for example, in the manner of a film to form a planar light deflecting unit, this can be glued to the outer pane of double glazing, in particular in the case of inclined windows.
- the thermal contact to the outer pane and the low absorption lead to a minimum of heat input within the film.
- the flat-shaped light deflection unit is comparable in terms of its heat protection effect to external shading devices, without the need for complex external installation.
- a film formed in this way can of course be deformed and shaped in a largely arbitrary form. It is thus possible, for example, to form a film of such a flexible design into a hollow cylinder, the inner surface of which forms the totally reflecting surface of the light deflection unit according to the invention. If a light source is introduced into this hollow cylinder formed by the film, the light emitted by the light source is reflected back to the inside of the hollow cylinder largely without loss due to the above-described total reflection in the direction of the light source. The light can only emerge from the light source to the outside at both hollow cylinder openings. Of course, such openings can be made in a targeted manner in the film arrangement. With the help of such an arrangement, it is fundamentally possible to produce lighting reflectors with which a directed, intensive light emission from a light source is possible.
- An essential aspect of the design of the light deflecting element according to the invention using half hollow-cylindrical deflecting bodies is the largely individual adaptation of the aperture area in which total reflection takes place. Through appropriate selection of material and geometry sizes of the arrangement it is possible to enlarge the total reflecting area by up to 50 °.
- the aperture setting options in connection with the figures are described in detail below.
- the effect of the light deflection can also be achieved according to the invention with a light deflection device which consists of a plurality of layers stacked one on top of the other, each consisting of a plurality of light deflection elements arranged parallel to one another, each of which is made of a body made of transparent material and the shape of which is halved along its longitudinal axis Has hollow cylinder, the cutting surfaces with the bisection plane facing the incident light, the layers being stacked one above the other so that a medium is introduced between the stacked hollow cylinder bodies of the different layers, which has a temperature-dependent refractive index that is below a predetermined Temperature approximately corresponds to the refractive index of the material of the hollow cylinder body, so that the light deflection device is transparent below the predetermined temperature, while it is exceeded when the predetermined The temperature changes in such a way that a totally reflecting boundary layer forms between the stacked moldings, so that the light falling on the deflection device is reflected back by total reflection above the predetermined temperature.
- the medium is preferably a fluid which has a refractive index in the flowable phase which largely corresponds to that of the optically transparent elements and, after exceeding its boiling point temperature in the vapor or.
- Gas phase has a refractive index that differs from the refractive index of the optically transparent light deflecting elements and is preferably close to 1.
- the material for the transparent light deflection elements is preferably rigid, sunlight-transparent plastics such as acrylic glass, polycarbonate or so-called organic glasses, which are produced by conventional production processes in the context of Extrusion or injection molding processes can be produced.
- Such planar elements have micro-rough surfaces, so that two light deflection elements of the same material lying on top of each other do not come into direct optical contact. Due to the existing surface roughness, a gap is formed between the light deflection elements lying on top of one another, which encloses an air layer that forms an interface and leads to reflections on the material surface and also has a total reflection for certain rays.
- the optically transparent light deflecting elements preferably consist of a dielectric.
- the surface roughness described above creates a micro-gap between the complementary profiles.
- the gap is filled with a fluid which, below a switching temperature T s , which largely corresponds to the boiling point of the fluid, has a refractive index which corresponds as closely as possible to the refractive index of the dielectric. If the switching temperature Ts or the boiling point is exceeded, the liquid evaporates partially or completely.
- the gap fills with steam, which leads to an increase in volume when evaporating and increases the gap to a multiple of its original width.
- the change in the reflection behavior of the optically partially transparent device is based primarily on the geometric spacing of the two interfaces, which results in total reflection conditions.
- a fluid is introduced into surface elements, which only changes the refractive index when a certain switching temperature is exceeded and which does not necessarily change from the liquid to the gas phase.
- Such fluids or media are known for example from DE 44 33 090 A1 and relate to thermo-optical variable polymer materials.
- FIG. 1 half a hollow-cylindrical deflection body
- FIG. 2 shows a flat, foil-like arrangement of a plurality of such deflection bodies, according to a first embodiment of the invention
- 4a, b show a device made of two flat, superimposed transparent elements with a temperature-dependent intermediate layer, which illustrates the principle of a second embodiment of the invention
- Figure 5a, b a film-like arrangement with a plurality of half, hollow-cylindrical body with temperature-dependent intermediate layer according to a second embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 6 shows an individual component representation for producing a film from a multiplicity of half, hollow-cylindrical shells
- FIG. 1 shows a basic body of a half hollow-cylindrical deflection body 1, which consists of a material that is transparent to sunlight and has a refractive index n 2 .
- the deflecting body 1 has an outer cylinder radius R and an inner cylinder radius r. Light strikes the light through the cut surfaces S1 and S2 Deflection body 1 and penetrates into the interior of the deflection body 1.
- n- ⁇ refractive index of the medium, which on the curved walls 2, 3 of the
- Deflecting body 1 borders, n 2 : refractive index of the medium from which the deflecting body is made n 3 : refractive index of the medium that borders on the flat cut surfaces S1 and S2 of the deflecting body.
- the deflecting body 1 shown in FIG. 1 shows, as described above, for light incidence angles ⁇ e in total reflection properties.
- the light that strikes one of the two cut surfaces S1 and S2 completely leaves the deflection body on the other cut surface, provided that extinction in the material and in the reflections can be disregarded.
- the above-described formula connection applies to light rays that lie in the plane perpendicular to the cylinder axis. For rays that are not in the plane mentioned, the critical angle projected in this plane for total reflection increases even further.
- the total reflecting aperture range can be set individually by appropriately selecting the refractive indices used in the formula context and the radius ratio v.
- a negative structure 5 is provided on the side of the deflecting body opposite the light, according to FIG Foil strikes after the penetration of the foil arrangement in the transmitted light beam is restored.
- a film arrangement shown in FIG. 3 can be particularly advantageously glued to the outer pane of double glazing in the case of inclined windows and in this way serves as a shading device without complex external installation.
- FIG. 4a shows an optically partially transparent device for deflecting light by means of total reflection, consisting of two flat optically transparent elements. elements 6 and 7 are shown, which lie on one another over their complementary surfaces. A medium 8 with a temperature-dependent refractive index is introduced in the intermediate gap between the two elements 6 and 7. The temperature-dependent medium in its refractive behavior has a refractive behavior in a temperature range below a switching temperature Ts that corresponds to the material of the surface elements 6 and 7. As can be seen from FIG. 4a, light penetrates the surface element arrangement almost undisturbed.
- the surrounding temperature level exceeds the switching temperature Ts, which, for example, corresponds to the boiling point temperature of the material, total reflections occur for the incident light at the interface between the two surface elements 6 and 7, as a result of which the incident light is reflected back (see the arrows in the drawing in Figure 4b).
- the medium 8 introduced into the intermediate layer is a liquid which changes from the liquid into the vapor phase at a certain switching temperature Ts, a volume change associated with the phase change causes a clear spacing of the two flat elements 6 and 7 from one another, as is the case with it is indicated in Figure 4b. Due to the change in the refractive index and the spatial spacing, the originally optical contact is interrupted, as a result of which an interface is required for total reflection.
- FIGS. 5a and 5b show an advantageous embodiment for a film-like arrangement with a plurality of half-hollow, hollow-cylindrical bodies arranged next to one another with an intermediate layer described above.
- the arrangement according to Figure 5a represents the case for which the arrangement is largely transparent, especially since the individual stacked bodies are in direct optical contact, since a medium is introduced between the bodies, which has largely the same refractive index as the material of the body self.
- the arrow indicated in FIG. 5a makes it clear that at temperatures below the switching temperature Ts, the light-transparent arrangement is largely passed through by the light without loss. Only when a switching temperature Ts is exceeded does the intermediate layer experience a change in the refractive index, which is additionally accompanied, for example, by a volume expansion. As a result of this change in state, a totally reflecting boundary layer is formed between two bodies lying on top of one another, as a result of which incident light - as shown by the arrows - is reflected back by total reflection.
- a reflective layer 9 is applied in the central region of the bodies stacked one inside the other.
- FIG. 6 shows the individual components with which a flat, film-like structure can be produced for producing a device for deflecting light.
- the three individual layers 10, 11 and 12 can be produced from profile films by means of extrusion processes and welded to one another using a medium to be introduced into the intermediate layers.
- reflective layers 9 are applied in the central areas of each individual stacked body.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1997100112 DE19700112C2 (de) | 1997-01-03 | 1997-01-03 | Vorrichtung zur Lichtumlenkung mittels Totalreflexion |
DE19700112 | 1997-01-03 | ||
PCT/DE1997/002923 WO1998029684A1 (de) | 1997-01-03 | 1997-12-16 | Optisch teiltransparente vorrichtung zur lichtumlenkung mittels totalreflexion |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0961902A1 true EP0961902A1 (de) | 1999-12-08 |
Family
ID=7816812
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97953629A Withdrawn EP0961902A1 (de) | 1997-01-03 | 1997-12-16 | Optisch teiltransparente vorrichtung zur lichtumlenkung mittels totalreflexion |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0961902A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19700112C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1998029684A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080140724A1 (en) | 2006-12-06 | 2008-06-12 | David Flynn | Apparatus, system, and method for servicing object requests within a storage controller |
JP5778668B2 (ja) | 2009-06-19 | 2015-09-16 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェ | 調節可能な第2位相の傾斜を有する二相細動除去器波形 |
US20140204452A1 (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2014-07-24 | sp3 nanotech LLC | Switchable lens apparatus and method |
EP2887123A1 (de) | 2013-12-18 | 2015-06-24 | Thomson Licensing | Durchsichtige optische Glasanzeigevorrichtung und entsprechendes optisches Element |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR975130A (fr) * | 1942-02-11 | 1951-03-01 | Verreries De Bagneux Et Appert | Réflecteur auto-collimateur |
GB607922A (en) * | 1946-03-28 | 1948-09-07 | Eralite Mfg Company Ltd | Improvements in lighting fittings |
US3610740A (en) * | 1968-10-07 | 1971-10-05 | Luis R Aparicio | Variable light filters |
US4848879A (en) * | 1982-10-09 | 1989-07-18 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Light modulating device |
US5020884A (en) * | 1990-01-16 | 1991-06-04 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Optical cell |
DE4408712C2 (de) * | 1994-03-15 | 1998-01-15 | Dornier Gmbh | Doppelscheibe aus Glas oder Kunststoff mit steuerbarem Reflexionsgrad |
ES2102309B1 (es) * | 1994-06-30 | 1998-01-01 | Puerta Antonio Medina | Optica compleja ultracompacta. |
DE29601308U1 (de) * | 1996-01-26 | 1996-04-11 | Federmann, Helmut, Dr., 51427 Bergisch Gladbach | Vorrichtung zum Versorgen eines Raumes mit blendfreiem, diffusem Sonnenlicht |
-
1997
- 1997-01-03 DE DE1997100112 patent/DE19700112C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-16 EP EP97953629A patent/EP0961902A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-12-16 WO PCT/DE1997/002923 patent/WO1998029684A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9829684A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19700112A1 (de) | 1998-07-16 |
WO1998029684A1 (de) | 1998-07-09 |
DE19700112C2 (de) | 1999-03-04 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19990727 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT CH DE ES FR GB IT LI |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: WITTWER, VOLKER Inventor name: WIRTH, HARRY, DIPL.-PHYS. Inventor name: NITZ, PETER, DIPL.-PHYS. |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20000315 |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN |
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18W | Application withdrawn |
Withdrawal date: 20010310 |