EP0943702B1 - Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Herstellung von Amalgam aus Metallsalz - Google Patents
Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Herstellung von Amalgam aus Metallsalz Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0943702B1 EP0943702B1 EP19990106017 EP99106017A EP0943702B1 EP 0943702 B1 EP0943702 B1 EP 0943702B1 EP 19990106017 EP19990106017 EP 19990106017 EP 99106017 A EP99106017 A EP 99106017A EP 0943702 B1 EP0943702 B1 EP 0943702B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- amalgam
- metal
- metal salt
- anion exchange
- exchange membrane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/02—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of light metals
- C25C1/04—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of light metals in mercury cathode cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the electrolytic production of Metal salt amalgam.
- Amalgams are alloys of mercury with alkali, alkaline earth or Transition metals. They are widely used in industry. highlight is the use of alkali amalgams as reducing agents in the chemical industry, e.g. B. for the production of alkali alcoholates. Sodium amalgam is an important intermediate in chlor-alkali electrolysis. The Amalgam used on an industrial scale for the formation of alcoholates are usually obtained from this process.
- aqueous sodium chloride solution is decomposed by electrical energy to form sodium amalgam and chlorine.
- the chlorine anode product is separated from the amalgam cathode product.
- the amalgam flows in the circuit via a downstream so-called decomposer and is further electrolytically decomposed there into aqueous sodium hydroxide solution with simultaneous evolution of hydrogen.
- Mercury is used as the cathode and activated one is usually used as the anode Titanium anode.
- This object is achieved by a method in which electrolytic manufacture of the amalgam an anion exchange membrane is used.
- the electrode reaction is similar to the above procedure. If sodium sulfate is used as the metal salt, it can be described by the following equation: 2Na 2 SO 4 + 2H 2 O + 4xHg ⁇ 4NaHg x + 2H 2 SO 4 + O 2
- amalgam is formed on the cathode and pure on the anode side Sulfuric acid and oxygen.
- electrolysis is carried out as follows:
- the anion exchange membrane divides the electrolytic cells into a cathode and Anode chamber. Initially there is a dilute acid solution in the anode compartment. It may be advantageous if this acid solution has a concentration of 0.01 to 0.2 M has.
- the aqueous concentrated metal salt solution is in the cathode compartment pumped.
- the concentrated metal salt solution preferably has a concentration from 0.5 M to 5.0 M, particularly preferably from 0.5 M to 2 M. at Current passage through this electrolyte solution leads to decomposition of the Metal salt.
- the metal ions migrate to the mercury cathode and the desired amalgam is formed during the electrode reaction.
- the anions (SO 4 2- ) pass through the anion exchange membrane and thus reach the anode compartment.
- the water is split at the anode and thus the protonation of the acid anions with simultaneous development of oxygen.
- the metal salt in aqueous solution, also called catholyte, and the anolyte are circulated and fed back to the electrolytic cell.
- Amalgams can be made with alkali, alkaline earth and precious metals, zinc, cadmium, tin, Lead and copper are made. Are preferred for the invention Process alkali metals used for amalgamation. Is particularly preferred used as alkali metal sodium or potassium for amalgam production.
- anionic component residual acid ions
- Sulfates are particularly preferred as an anionic component.
- the cathode used for the method according to the invention is used initially pure mercury.
- the preferred anode is with precious metal or Precious metal oxide (e.g. platinum) activated titanium is used. That way obtained anode is characterized by a low overvoltage for the Oxygen separation.
- the use of titanium has changed due to its good chemical resistance as anode material.
- the anode material however, is not limited to this version, and other materials with Adequate chemical stability can be used if they show sufficiently low overvoltages.
- Anion exchange membranes are used to carry out the method according to the invention used.
- the anion exchange membrane used for the process according to the invention contains a polymer, which preferably amino groups than for the selective Anion transport responsible components.
- the one in the polymer Amino groups contained are preferably terminal, positively charged Ammonium groups.
- the freely moving counterions contained in the polymer can be exchanged for other anions and are therefore for the selective Charge transport responsible.
- Anion exchange membranes of the type are preferred as the membrane Neosepta® used. These are commercially available. Particularly preferred membranes of the Neosepta® types AMX, AHA-2 and ACLE-5 P are used.
- the anion exchange membrane is preferably a thin film with sufficient Strength and chemical resistance. Even under the influence of a Potential difference is only permeable to anions.
- the inventive method for the electrolytic production of amalgam with An anion exchange membrane is generally carried out as follows.
- the current density at the cathode is set to 1.5 to 3.5 kA m 2 .
- a current density of 2.0 to 3.0 kA m 2 is preferred.
- the temperature during the electrolysis is 30 to 90 ° C.
- a temperature of 50 to 70 ° C. is preferred.
- the electrolysis time is 5 to 8 hours.
- Amalgam is obtained with a current efficiency of over 95% and up to 99%.
- the Process can be continuous or discontinuous, preferably continuous, expire.
- An electrolysis of sodium sulfate is carried out at 60 ° C. in an electro-lysis cell divided by an anion exchange membrane (Neosepta® ACLE 5 P). Pure mercury initially serves as the cathode. The current density at the cathode is set to 2.6 kA m -2 . The catholyte (1.3 M Na 2 SO 4 ) and anolyte (0.12 MH 2 SO 4 ) are circulated. After 5.5 hours, sodium amalgam was formed cathodically with a current efficiency of 98%. Corresponding amounts of sulfuric acid and oxygen are formed anodically
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Description
Claims (5)
- Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Herstellung von Amalgam aus Metallsalz,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Metallsalz ein Metallnitrat, -sulfat, -phosphat, -phosphit oder -carbonat ist und eine Anionenaustauschermembran verwendet wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Metallsalz Natrium- und/oder Kaliumsulfat ist. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anode aus edelmetallaktiviertem oder edelmetalloxidaktiviertem Titan besteht. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anionenaustauschermembran ein Polymer mit Aminogruppen enthält. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anionenaustauschermembran ein Polymer mit Ammoniumgruppen enthält.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19812105 | 1998-03-19 | ||
DE19812105 | 1998-03-19 | ||
DE19905672A DE19905672C2 (de) | 1998-03-19 | 1999-02-11 | Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Herstellung von Amalgam aus Metallsalz |
DE19905672 | 1999-02-11 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0943702A1 EP0943702A1 (de) | 1999-09-22 |
EP0943702B1 true EP0943702B1 (de) | 2002-09-04 |
Family
ID=26044767
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19990106017 Expired - Lifetime EP0943702B1 (de) | 1998-03-19 | 1999-03-19 | Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Herstellung von Amalgam aus Metallsalz |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0943702B1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2016207B2 (de) * | 1970-04-04 | 1972-04-06 | Verwendung einer alkalilauge als elektrolyt und vorrichtung zur herstellung von alkaliamalgam | |
US4004987A (en) * | 1974-10-15 | 1977-01-25 | Institute Of Nuclear Energy Research | Method for the preparation of rare and precious metals by electrolytical amalgamation using ion exchange membrane |
-
1999
- 1999-03-19 EP EP19990106017 patent/EP0943702B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0943702A1 (de) | 1999-09-22 |
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