EP0940835B1 - Fusible en particulier pour véhicule automobile - Google Patents

Fusible en particulier pour véhicule automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0940835B1
EP0940835B1 EP19990102310 EP99102310A EP0940835B1 EP 0940835 B1 EP0940835 B1 EP 0940835B1 EP 19990102310 EP19990102310 EP 19990102310 EP 99102310 A EP99102310 A EP 99102310A EP 0940835 B1 EP0940835 B1 EP 0940835B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuse
contact elements
current
heating
fuse element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19990102310
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0940835A3 (fr
EP0940835A2 (fr
Inventor
Uwe Schön
Dieter Bornhorst
Joachim Korherr
Joachim Jüngst
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BCS Automotive Interface Solutions GmbH
Original Assignee
BCS Automotive Interface Solutions GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BCS Automotive Interface Solutions GmbH filed Critical BCS Automotive Interface Solutions GmbH
Publication of EP0940835A2 publication Critical patent/EP0940835A2/fr
Publication of EP0940835A3 publication Critical patent/EP0940835A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0940835B1 publication Critical patent/EP0940835B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/04—Fuses, i.e. expendable parts of the protective device, e.g. cartridges
    • H01H85/05—Component parts thereof
    • H01H85/143—Electrical contacts; Fastening fusible members to such contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/46—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the protective device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/0241—Structural association of a fuse and another component or apparatus
    • H01H2085/0266—Structural association with a measurement device, e.g. a shunt
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/46—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the protective device
    • H01H2085/466—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the protective device with remote controlled forced fusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/36—Means for applying mechanical tension to fusible member

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuse, in particular for motor vehicle technology.
  • fuses are currently mainly found Use the power supply when the rated current is exceeded to one or more downstream consumers by melting interrupt a melting range.
  • a safety device in which the Current through a conventional fuse using a separate current sensor is detected, when a predetermined value is exceeded Threshold for the current strength of a thyristor connected downstream of the fuse ignited and a current is conducted to ground via the thyristor is higher than the nominal current for the fuse. This will be destroyed.
  • a similar fuse with one or more small explosive charges is known from US-A-4,677,412.
  • the explosive charge can be caused by the backup current themselves or a heater.
  • a similar thermal fuse element is known from DE-A-32 34 826, in which two spring wires under tension are soldered at one end are. There is a heating resistor near the solder joint to shorten the response time intended.
  • a controllable fuse is known from US-A-5 084 691, at the provided on a flat support plate two electrically conductive surfaces are bridged by means of an electrically conductive element.
  • the electric conductive element can only be made of a solder or with the suffered surfaces are soldered element, which under the bias a feather.
  • an electrically conductive heating surface made of a suitable material, which the current flow generates heat required to blow the fuse. If exceeded a temperature that is above the softening point of the solder, the soldered Element is removed or the electrical connection is interrupted, that the solder mass due to the surface tension of at least withdraws one of the conductive surfaces. A trip of the fuse without active heating is not provided.
  • the present invention is based on this prior art Task based on a backup, especially for automotive technology, to create, in which practically no oversizing of the downstream Cable is required and in which a disturbing arc in the Interruption of the electricity is avoided.
  • the fuse is designed according to the invention such that the resistance value between the fuse contacts, which is essentially is determined by the securing element and / or the contact elements as Shunt to capture the current to one or more downstream Can be used by consumers. This requires these elements and the connections have the desired resistance value.
  • connection between the fuse element and the contact elements made by soldering.
  • solder melts, which is exemplary at temperatures of approx. 180 °
  • an interruption of the Current by releasing the fuse element from the contact elements reached.
  • the risk of arcing, which is known in the case of Fuses are promoted by the occurrence of high melting temperatures is practically not given.
  • the actual securing element is so acted upon by the force of a resilient element that independent the position of the fuse when the connection melts or softens the securing element between the securing element and the contact elements is lifted off the contact elements.
  • the fuse can be used to achieve the current flow to the consumer an additional heater.
  • the heating takes place in particular so that the immediate vicinity of the connections between the Fuse element and the contact elements is heated.
  • the heating is preferably carried out by generating an additional one Current over the fuse element or one or more contact elements. This electricity used for heating is connected to the downstream Electricity supplied to consumers is superimposed.
  • the consumer can be dimensioned in this way to generate this additional current that there is a direct connection to the battery via the Theoretically, fuse would result in an impermissibly high current.
  • the "excess" Current can then be dissipated through a resistor, which with a connection contact or the fuse element is connected. The purging is preferably against ground.
  • the value of the resistance over which the additional heating current flows determines the temperature of the connections between the fuse element and the contact elements in normal operation. As a result, the nominal current of the fuse can be determined by this resistance be determined.
  • the heating can also be done in such a way that the temperature of the connections or the contact elements or the securing element is detected and is kept constant in a closed control loop: instead the ambient temperature can also be recorded and in the sense of a control the heating can be carried out depending on the ambient temperature. This results in an independent of the ambient temperature Fuse rated current.
  • the voltage drop can then occur in an overall system for protecting the consumers recorded, from this the current flowing to the consumer is determined and when a threshold current is exceeded, an active interrupt element for Interruption of the current to the consumer can be controlled.
  • the fuse can be designed such that a controllable switch, for example a relay or the like, with a contact element or the Security element is connected and in the event of detection of an exceeding of the threshold current are controlled so that the current becomes essential Partly or completely, preferably against mass, is removed.
  • a controllable switch for example a relay or the like
  • controllable electrical trigger heater a self-triggering one can also be used or controllable heating element of another type can be used.
  • This can e.g. a heating element based on an exothermic chemical reaction be either by means of e.g. electrical signal can be activated or triggers the exothermic reaction from a predetermined temperature.
  • the heating element can be in the immediate vicinity of the connections between the contact elements and the securing element are provided, so that when the fuse's rated current is exceeded, resulting in increased temperature leads, the threshold temperature of the release heating element exceeded and heating is triggered. This allows you to be ready for a relatively small overshoot of the rated current has triggered the fuse very quickly become.
  • the fuse 1 shown in Fig. 1 consists essentially of an electrical non-conductive carrier 3 on which two electrical contact elements 5 are arranged.
  • the electrical contact elements 5 are via a fuse element 7 connected.
  • the connection of the contact elements 5 with the securing element 7 can preferably be done by soldering in contact areas 9.
  • the Solder for establishing the electrical connection between the contact elements 5 and the securing elements 7 in the contact areas 9 can be dependent of the materials for the contact elements 5 and the securing element 7 in be chosen appropriately.
  • the solder can be selected so that the softening or melting point is reached at a predetermined temperature becomes.
  • a temperature of the contact elements or of the securing element of approximately 80 ° results in normal operation.
  • the softening or melting temperature is approx. 180 °. If the current I a supplied to the consumer via the fuse 1 is greater than a predetermined value, the temperature finally rises to the temperature of the softening or melting point, as a result of which the contact between the fuse element 7 and the contact elements 5 and thus the current flow the consumer is interrupted.
  • the securing element 7 on its side facing the contact elements 5 by a resilient element 11, for example, a coil spring, which deals with the supports the other end against the side of the carrier 3 facing it.
  • a resilient element 11 for example, a coil spring
  • the securing element 7 is lifted safely and permanently from the contact elements 5.
  • the fuse 1 comprise a housing, not shown, so that the fuse element 7 after triggering the fuse against one Inner wall of the housing can be pressed and fixed in this position.
  • connection can of course also be selected, which depend the temperature of the elements or the connection when exceeded guarantee a release of the connection of a threshold value.
  • Fig. 2 shows the fuse in Fig. 1, which is additionally heated.
  • Any heating source can of course be used for heating, for example an external resistance heater or one on an exothermic one chemical reaction based heater can be used.
  • a resistor 13 is connected to the output-side contact element 5, which dissipates a certain current I h against dimensions.
  • This additional heating current I h which is additionally conducted to the consumer current I a via fuse 1, causes additional heating of contact elements 5 or fuse element 7 and contact areas 9.
  • the value of resistor 13 is selected such that the The voltage of the battery, not shown in more detail, which is applied to the input-side contact element 5, is not influenced or is influenced only to an insignificant extent, so that the open-circuit voltage of the battery is practically available on the output side of the fuse without load from a consumer.
  • the value of the resistor 13 is selected such that a heating current I h results which, in normal operation, leads to a predetermined temperature of the contact elements 5 or of the fuse element 7 and thus of the contact areas 9. The closer this temperature is to the softening or melting point of the solder or the connecting means, the lower the nominal current of the fuse 1. In this way, it is possible to select different nominal currents with one and the same fuse simply by choosing the resistor 13 realize. In addition, there is the possibility of making the resistance changeable or controllable, so that the nominal current of the fuse 1 can be changed depending on certain circumstances.
  • the resistor 13 is the Series connection of a controllable switch 15 and a resistor 17 in parallel connected.
  • the resistor 17 may also be omitted if the electrical connections between the relevant contact element 5 and the dimensions or the structure of the controllable switch 15 a short-circuit current or the controllable switch already has a corresponding internal resistance having.
  • the controllable switch 15 can be controlled by an evaluation and control unit 19.
  • the evaluation and control unit 19 is connected to corresponding inputs with the contact elements 5, so that the voltage drop across the fuse 1 can be determined in this way. If the fuse is designed in such a way that it has a suitable resistance value for a shunt due to a suitable choice of the materials and geometry of the contact elements 5 of the fuse element 7 and of the connections in the regions 9, then the voltage drop to the consumer which is detected via the fuse 1 can flowing current I a can be determined. In this context, it should be noted that the current I a at the output of the fuse 1 is practically not falsified by the voltage measurement.
  • the evaluation and control unit 19 is designed such that it continuously or at predetermined time intervals determines the current I a flowing to the consumer and controls the controllable switch 15 in the closed state when a predetermined threshold is exceeded. Immediately after the switch 15 is closed, the current I a , which is deducted to be impermissibly high , is drastically reduced, at least to a value below the threshold value.
  • FIG. 2 the possibility of use shown in FIG. 2 can be used of a controllable switch can also be implemented when no additional Heating of the fuse is provided in normal operation via a resistor 13 is.
  • a controllable switch can also be located in the current path to the consumer be provided, the current after detecting an impermissibly high Value interrupts. This may turn out to be necessary, for example, if the consumer has a very low impedance, so that at closing the switch to generate the tripping heating current to the consumer is not reduced to a permissible (minimum) value.
  • controllable switch on the current path to the consumer offers also in cases where an external heater for disconnecting the fuse element of the contact elements after a detection of an inadmissible high current to the consumer is activated.
  • Tripping heating elements 21 are provided in recesses in the contact elements 5 in the immediate vicinity of the contact or connection areas 9. These can be controlled by the evaluation and control unit 19, in particular if the evaluation and control unit 19 detects an impermissibly high current I a via the fuse. A rapid tripping of the fuse can thus be ensured, even if the contact resistance of the contact areas 9 and thus the thermal power loss which is supplied thereby is relatively low.
  • the trigger heating elements 21 can also be designed to be self-triggering his. For example, fabrics can be used that are exceeded a predetermined trigger temperature an exothermic reaction in progress set, which quickly provides the amount of heat required to trip the fuse 1 is supplied.

Claims (12)

  1. Coupe-circuit, en particulier pour la technique automobile
    a) avec un élément de coupe-circuit (7) qui est relié avec au moins deux éléments de contact (5),
    b) la liaison étant conçue de façon à ce qu'en cas de dépassement d'une température prédéterminée, le contact électrique entre l'élément de coupe-circuit (7) et les au moins deux éléments de contact (5) soit interrompu.
    caractérisé en ce,
    c) qu'en ce qui concerne la valeur de la résistance, l'élément de coupe-circuit (7) et/ou les éléments de contact (5) sont conçus de telle manière qu'ils soient simultanément utilisables comme shunt pouvant conduire le courant s'écoulant vers un ou plusieurs consommateurs situés en aval.
  2. Coupe-circuit selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la liaison est conçue de manière à présenter une résistance électrique de passage prédéterminée, qui conduit à un réchauffement de la liaison en fonction la valeur du courant passant par le coupe-circuit.
  3. Coupe-circuit selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la liaison est réalisée par brasage de l'élément de coupe-circuit (7) sur les éléments de contact (5).
  4. Coupe-circuit selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce sur l'élément de coupe-circuit (7) est appliquée la force d'un élément électrique élastique (11) et en ce que la force agit dans une direction selon laquelle les éléments de contact (5) et l'élément de coupe-circuit (7) se séparent.
  5. Coupe-circuit selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de contact (5) et/ou l'élément de coupe-circuit (7) peuvent faire l'objet d'un chauffage supplémentaire, de préférence à proximité immédiate des zones de liaison (9).
  6. Coupe-circuit selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le chauffage supplémentaire a lieu par le passage d'un courant additionnel (Ih) dans l'élément de coupe-circuit (7) et/ou dans les éléments de contact (5).
  7. Coupe-circuit selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'un ou plusieurs des au moins deux éléments de contact (5) ou l'élément de coupe-circuit (7) est(sont) relié(s) à une résistance (13), à travers laquelle s'écoule le courant de chauffage supplémentaire (Ih), de préférence vers la masse.
  8. Coupe-circuit selon l'une des revendications 4 à 7, caractérisé en ce que pour la réalisation de coupe-circuit à courant nominal prédéterminé, le chauffage supplémentaire a lieu de telle manière que les liaisons entre les éléments de contact (5) et l'élément de coupe-circuit (7) soient soumises à une température correspondante prédéterminée.
  9. Coupe-circuit selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le chauffage supplémentaire pour atteindre entre les éléments de contact (5) et l'élément de coupe-circuit (7) une température des liaisons indépendante de la température ambiante a lieu de manière pilotée ou régulée.
  10. Coupe-circuit selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un ou plusieurs commutateurs pouvant être pilotés (15) sont prévus qui, lorsque la commande a eu lieu, réduisent ou interrompent le courant (Ia) circulant à travers le coupe-circuit (1) vers le consommateur, et ceci avant une interruption thermique de la liaison entre les éléments de contact (5) et l'élément de coupe-circuit (7).
  11. Coupe-circuit selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un élément de chauffage déclencheur à déclenchement automatique ou pouvant être commandé est prévu qui, après un déclenchement ou une commande, réchauffe suffisamment les liaisons entre l'élément de coupe-circuit (7) et les éléments de contact (5) pour que celles-ci soient séparées.
  12. Coupe-circuit selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de chauffage déclencheur est prévu comme élément pouvant faire l'objet d'un chauffage électrique ou comme élément pouvant être chauffé au moyen d'une réaction chimique exothermique.
EP19990102310 1998-03-04 1999-02-05 Fusible en particulier pour véhicule automobile Expired - Lifetime EP0940835B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19809149 1998-03-04
DE1998109149 DE19809149C2 (de) 1998-03-04 1998-03-04 Sicherung, insbesondere für die Kraftfahrzeugtechnik

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0940835A2 EP0940835A2 (fr) 1999-09-08
EP0940835A3 EP0940835A3 (fr) 1999-11-03
EP0940835B1 true EP0940835B1 (fr) 2002-05-22

Family

ID=7859629

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19990102310 Expired - Lifetime EP0940835B1 (fr) 1998-03-04 1999-02-05 Fusible en particulier pour véhicule automobile

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6445276B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP0940835B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11317144A (fr)
KR (1) KR19990077580A (fr)
CN (1) CN1151525C (fr)
BR (1) BR9900841A (fr)
CZ (1) CZ292433B6 (fr)
DE (2) DE19809149C2 (fr)

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DE19527997C2 (de) * 1995-07-31 1998-02-05 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Sicherungsvorrichtung für einen Stromkreis in Fahrzeugen
US5793274A (en) * 1996-11-01 1998-08-11 Bourns, Inc. Surface mount fusing device
GB2320984A (en) * 1997-01-04 1998-07-08 Rover Group Electrical fuses

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6445276B2 (en) 2002-09-03
KR19990077580A (ko) 1999-10-25
CZ74999A3 (cs) 1999-09-15
BR9900841A (pt) 1999-12-21
EP0940835A3 (fr) 1999-11-03
DE19809149C2 (de) 2001-09-27
CN1151525C (zh) 2004-05-26
JPH11317144A (ja) 1999-11-16
DE59901479D1 (de) 2002-06-27
US20010020888A1 (en) 2001-09-13
CZ292433B6 (cs) 2003-09-17
DE19809149A1 (de) 1999-09-09
CN1228604A (zh) 1999-09-15
EP0940835A2 (fr) 1999-09-08

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