EP0938615A1 - Ground surface integrated water sorage, water conducting and water treatment system with integrateable ground and water protection - Google Patents

Abstract

A ground surface (10, 77, 142) especially for transport surfaces, pathways, industrial and trade areas, horticultural and agricultural surfaces, whose surface (10, 77, 142) superstructure (13-16, 55-60, 99-102) contains at leat one barrier layer (18, 54, 85) and a drainage system (17, 60, 99) diverting liquid that penetrates the ground surface. Said surface is designed in such a way that the unoccupied intermediate gaps in the ground structure, especially between the grains of the bottomings (13-16, 58, 60, 74, 99, 100) of the superstructure (13-16, 55-60, 142), are to be used as available spaces for the intake, intermediary storage and deviation of liquids, and a liquid intake, storing and/or discharging ground surface (10, 77, 142) is formed by interaction with the barrier layer (18, 54, 85) and a liquid feed and/or discharge device.

Description

 Bodeπflαcheniπteqπertes water storage, water management and treatment system with iπteqnerbαrcm soil and geese protection

Technical field

The invention relates to a multilayer floor surface for, in particular, traffic, road, commercial, industrial, horticultural and agricultural areas, the surface structure of which has at least one barrier layer and a drainage system arranged above the barrier layer, which drains off the liquid which has fallen on the surface

State of the art

From European patent application EP 0 704 573 A2, a floor area contaminated with pollutants and paved with water-permeable paving stones is known, in which paving stones and their superstructure are arranged above a film. Pollutants accumulating on the surface are covered with the rain by the paving and the superstructure The liquid is taken up by drainage pipes and discharged from the surface into a container. Depending on the task, the container can be equipped with a treatment system for the liquids so that it can be discharged from there via a condensation or a sewer connection

From the German utility model G 93 16 175 1, an arrangement for sealing and draining refueling surfaces is known, in which a paving surface is arranged in addition to the superstructure in a welding track trough. The welding track is provided with knobs and a fleece arranged on top of it, so far as the superstructure keep at a distance so that liquid that has sunk down to the welding path can be led to one or more drains in the space formed between the welding path and the fleece

From the German utility model G 93 06 131 5 a seal of filling and transshipment sites is known, which essentially corresponds in function and structure to the aforementioned utility model G 93 16 175 1

From the German utility model G 88 04 832 2, a pipe for draining leachate from the bottom of landfills is known, in which connection sleeves are provided on the outer wall for connecting plastic sheets that firmly connect the pipe and plastic sheet to one another

From the Canadian patent 1, 302.145 a system for preventing the entry of ground gas into basement rooms is known, in which, among other things, the surface water accumulating on the foundations is taken up by a drainage pipe and discharged via a pipe to a drainage shaft. In addition, the drainage shaft can be operated with a lifting pump for the pumping out the accumulated amounts of water

From the European patent application 0 456035 A2 a road surface for traffic areas is known, a mineral sealing layer of debris of different grain sizes being formed directly below the paving stones

From the German Offenlegungsschπft DE 29 39 007 AI a refueling system is known in which a multi-layer fuel-containing film is provided below the carriageway, which is connected to a collecting container to absorb the liquid pollutants

From the French patent application 2 282 020 a drainage system for sports facilities is known, in which the rainwater is discharged via a drainage pipe side to several collecting containers, from where the excess water is diverted via a level control

From the German Offenlegungsschπft DE 39 41 367 AI a device for collecting 01 is known, in which a large number of collecting trays forming a surface accommodate the falling 01 on plates arranged in the collecting trays, and forward them to a central collection point

A seal of paved floor surfaces is known from European patent application 0 265 822 A2. This seal is achieved by pouring a permanently elastic plastic into the joints of the paved surface

A system for leakage monitoring and location is known from the company PROGEO GmbH in Berlin, which is based on a measuring system that controls the insulation resistance of the plastic sealing membrane. For this purpose, electrode strips are arranged above and below the barrier layer at intervals of a few meters, which extend over their entire length are electrically conductive and thus form an electrical field over the existing moisture on both sides of the barrier layer, which touch at leaks and thus report the leak and its location A leakage monitoring system for basic seals made of plastic sealing membranes is known from the company ABG GmbH in Munich.It consists of a looped, perforated pipe that is arranged below the plastic sealing membrane. The gas is drawn out of the tube via a gas sampler and checked for pollutant contents Oil tanks leak detection systems are known that monitor the tightness of the tank in such a way that a pipe connected to the intermediate space of the double-walled tank ends in a liquid-filled container in which a float switch is arranged. In the event of a leak in one of the two tank shells, the sinks Liquid level in the connected container until the float switch triggers an alarm

Presentation of the invention

The apron of the soil and groundwater is becoming increasingly important, especially since soil pollution from industry, commerce, transport and agriculture often leads to considerable pollution of drinking water or food as a result of its often neglected cause, many years or decades after it was caused. and treatment costs for contaminated soil for our subsequent generations result in a multiple of the preventive expenses available today as an alternative

The invention has for its object to design a surface structure so that a generally applicable, combinable system for water storage, or water management and treatment up to soil and water protection within the area is created, the natural processes of rainwater being modeled as far as possible and Resources should be conserved

In order to achieve this, the surface structure consists of a barrier layer arranged in the ground below the base or wear layer, which prevents the rainwater, rainwater / pollutant mixture or other liquid that has fallen or introduced on the surface from seeping away and the water above the barrier layer in the hollow or spaces between the fillings of the base or wear layers, temporarily stored and specifically derived in the required or required amount for the intended purpose

The interstices of the gravel base layers of the superstructure of roads and paths as well as the traffic areas in trade and industry serve as the actual liquid storage, but also the topsoil or other useful soil in the area of agriculture and horticulture offer themselves as water storage

In order to make this possible, a surface with at least one barrier layer is provided as the basis of a protection system that is as safe and soil-saving as possible, which is designed as a collecting trough, basin or layer, corresponding to the surface curvature in or on any floor covering, plus the usually multi-layer superstructure for paving stones, concrete or concrete slabs, asphalt coverings as well as compacted gravel or similar, and should fulfill the task of a retention or collecting basin from the structural point of view

In this way, areas are created that can hold very large amounts of liquid in their superstructure, in order to be able to do without the otherwise natural-intensive reservoirs, retention basins, cisterns or dam sections

In order to ensure rapid, unhindered drainage of liquid from the surface into the liquid-absorbing and conductive superstructure formed from e.g. topsoil, sand and / or crushed stone and / or plaster mix and / or glass ash and / or gravel or similar bulk materials or granules If it is not itself liquid-permeable, provide openings or at least one gutter or gutter system, which ensures that the liquid is drained away quickly into the superstructure

Such a planting area, which may also be fixed with paving stones or concrete, is particularly important for water-intensive horticulture, since liquids enriched with fertilizers or pesticides are retained in the area by the barrier layer from seeping away and damage to groundwater and, if necessary, several times until they are finally absorbed the plants can be used in a cycle

When reusing contaminated industrial wastes, the soil system according to the invention also has many possible uses.For example, it can be used to cover already contaminated soil, to prevent rainwater from accessing the contaminated soil and thus to prevent the pollutants from washing out and entering the groundwater can be collected according to the invention within the area and throttled next to the pollutant source over the busy soil zone in clean underground The contaminated soil lying below the floor surface can also be cleaned by in-situ measures and returned to the unstressed original state, regardless of the use taking place on the surface or disruptive influences, if required or by official order. Most barrier layer materials can absorb high pressure forces not only possible to create heavy-duty traffic areas on it, but also to erect building projects up to multi-storey high-rise buildings

So that the area remains ready for use even in winter and is not affected by frequent frost-thaw changes, in such cases, the area should be emptied as quickly as possible.If this is not possible, the superstructure should be designed in such a way that the size of the resulting liquid is collected in the frost-free depth of the superstructure and temporarily stored, so that any liquid residues remaining in the frost-prone superstructure can freely expand into the existing cavities of the fillings when freezing without causing frost damage

In order to ensure the operational safety of the system even on sloping surfaces (e.g. paths and streets), the superstructure should preferably be laid out in the form of a terrace to prevent the surface from slipping. All other suitable construction types can also be used

If the system is used outdoors, a drama of the surface can only be avoided in the cases when the surfaces are covered or otherwise protected against rain. Otherwise, a drainage system is almost always necessary, which, due to the large amounts of water that may occur in the exterior, preferably from drainage pipes Creating drainage pipes also has the advantage over other drainage systems that they can be made accessible so that they can be serviced.Other drainage options with bubble wrap with or without fleece, gravel or filter layers or combinations of the drainage systems can of course also be used

When laying out the drainage surface, it must be ensured in some configurations of the subsoil according to the invention that the soil has a slope towards at least one side (for example with drainage pipes) or radially to at least one outflow (for example with knobbed film and gravel) and at the end thereof at least one drain pipe is provided which ends in at least one sump or connecting shaft arranged in the surface or elsewhere

The water accumulated on the surfaces or the water / pollutant mixture or the unmixed pollutant, after penetrating the surface and the superstructure, is led by the drainage system either to at least one sump or connecting shaft arranged inside or outside the surface

If it is a swamp, for example the full degree of the area can be determined or liquid samples can be taken or the liquid can be suctioned off. A sump appears to be sufficient, in particular, for areas that come into contact with rainwater only slightly

The invention is also based on the object that the liquid is not to be derived from the storage area as a surge, but rather throttled or at intervals

This is used, for example, for rainwater or water / pollutant mixture accumulated during a rain shower to settle over a longer period of time and then to allow it to flow away or be treated in a controlled manner.Through the flow restriction, the drainage times are extended and the drainage volume is usually reduced in one The amount of water occurring and adapted to be controlled and steered according to the rain event can now be collected in the area according to the invention and can be drained off during the rain event and afterwards with a considerable delay in a correspondingly reduced discharge amount

The flow rate can be precisely specified using a preset flow meter that automatically actuates a corresponding throttle valve or similar element

However, manual presetting of the flow rate to be throttled via, for example, a narrowed drain diameter or the gap-wide opening of a valve is of course also conceivable. The design of the throttle is freely selectable. The market offers a large number of different systems, of which the various combinations of throttles the shut-off valve will probably be the most useful

Where the throttle valve is integrated within the overall system is of secondary importance in the systems downstream of the surface, since it can fulfill its task both at the outlet from the surface or between the cleaning stages that may have been created or at the outlet after cleaning

However, the water treatment systems that may be used can also be used for throttling, since, due to the system, these form resistances within the outflow stream, which also exert a throttling or interval-like influence Corresponding to the discharge delays factor, all upstream or downstream discharge components or water treatment components can also be provided in a smaller dimension

For example, a coalescence separator of a petrol station | e can, depending on the customer's preconditions, be made 10 to 200 times smaller than with conventional concepts, in which the rainwater coming down must be drained off and processed directly in a surge

This has, among other things, the aspect which is pleasant for the environment that even very expensive water treatment systems such as, for example, ultrafiltration systems, reverse osmosis systems, emulsion splitting systems and the like are now affordable, even for small areas, in a considerably reduced size

But also all other systems can be designed accordingly smaller.For example, compared to today's technology, very small direct-discharge systems such as seepage troughs, trickle lines, trenches and seepage shafts are possible, since the water temporarily stored in the surface is nebulized over a much longer period The same applies to the dimensioning of sewers and drainage reserves

Retention basins, cisterns or barrages are no longer required

The invention is based on a further embodiment of the task of creating an ecological floor area for the agricultural sector, which has a large water-saving effect, which prevents soil formation and supports growth, when used in horticulture, agriculture and plantations, in particular in dry areas or with strong fertilizers and / or Pesticide addiction enables

As already explained above, the soil structure according to the invention forms a water reservoir. With retained, stored or supplied water, this can also be used excellently for watering plants arranged in the floor area

In order to achieve agricultural use in this way, especially in dry climates, a few additional things, such as heavy infiltration losses, a high degree of evaporation and evaporation of salinization or karstification of the soil, must also be taken into account. The infiltration losses are completely counteracted with the barrier layer, which consists of e.g. B Bentonite, agricultural film, clay, clay or PEHD plastic sheeting prevents the liquid from seeping away

Evaporation losses can also be countered very well, since the maximum internal water level of the floor area is usually somewhat below the top edge of the surface and is therefore not exposed to direct sunlight or the resulting heating of the upper floor layers

Even these measures can be sufficient in hot climates to prevent an otherwise threatening salinization of the soil

As a further option for minimizing evaporation, a mineral protective layer adapted to the maximum temperatures and made of sand and stones above the topsoil, for example, can limit the evaporation rate of the water in the surface of the soil. However, if one wants to minimize evaporation losses as much as possible additional measures are taken

The agricultural films or climate fibers available today offer a very good opportunity for this.These materials are able to condense or bind water vapor rising on the side facing the topsoil and return them to the soil because the topsoil, which is completely encased, can thus be kept permanently slightly damp it is not possible to remove bound salts by the evaporation process

In order to also be able to use the occasionally falling rain and thus limit the use of wells by wells, which is usually heavy in dry areas, a perforated agricultural film or climate fiber can be used, in which the falling rainwater is fed through the holes to the topsoil, but also above the growth layer ( Topsoil) applied thin, perforated clay or clay layer can be used to fill the purpose

Even if only a trickle to prevent the trickling of material from one layer of soil into the other is required to prevent soil mixing or silting up, the aforementioned materials as well as the geotextiles usually used for this purpose can all be used

For individual care of possibly diseased or thirsty plants, the necessary liquids can be supplied through a separate line in the immediate vicinity of the crops This is advantageously laid, for example, as a drainage line with a small cross-section around the individual plant, or in groups of waxes as a line snake, in which either one end of the line or both protrude from the surface as a pipe socket to serve to fill the liquid.Not all plants thrive on pent-up root irrigation to the optimum extent, so that it is certainly advisable to carry out irrigation from above the root, depending on individual cultural needs. This also corresponds more to the natural waterways, since the liquid introduced from above moves towards the drainage layer or water drainage (in nature, the Groundwater) moves past the roots and does not remain almost unchanged in the soil for some time as with ponding water. Since plant roots usually search for the way to the water, the drainage layer may need to be protected from excessive rooting on which a root protection from liquid-permeable, suitably equipped fabric promises the best success

In addition, the planting soil layer can be equipped with capillary materials from the irrigation and drainage layer to support the water rise, which support an even distribution of liquid in the planting layer

In order to be able to use the water or liquid mixture of water, fertilizer and / or pesticides in the soil area for plant growth, an orderly water supply and housekeeping are generally required, since the individual soil areas according to the invention are sensibly mostly formed in narrow and long rows of plants due to the planting or irrigation requirements are, several of the rows of plants should be grouped together to form groups of areas, which can then be supplied not by a single irrigation system.This can be made up of individual branch lines or ring lines, to which | e plant row should be connected at least one water inlet and outlet line Um To provide the water or liquid mixture in a quantitatively advantageous manner to the surface of the soil and the crops planted therein are devices such as, for example, actuators for controlled opening and closing of the lines or throttling off the river flow or screwed up higher lying inlets and outlets

In particular, a crooked water inlet or outlet (culvert) can contribute to a uniform moisture content of the topsoil, which requires plant growth, since the water inlet and outlet, which is slightly above the irrigation and drainage pipe level, completely empties the

Flat is prevented and is also very easy to implement

It is a sporadic filling of the main water pipes and the associated filling of the floor areas sufficient to the

Compensate evaporation losses of the plants

The water that may have run into the surface during the irrigation phase will flow into the main line after the liquid level in the main line has dropped to the bottom edge of the inlet and outlet from the surface and temporarily stored for reuse

The intermediate storage should also be sensible not in open basins but in floor areas according to the invention in order to counteract high evaporation rates and contamination

However, these are somewhat different - as follows, similar to the design of traffic areas

In dry climates, such water retention can be easily achieved in natural or excavated hollows by lining the hollow with a water barrier layer made of e.g. bentonite, pond liner or local clay or clay. The hollow, which is lined in this way, can then be roughly covered up to the upper edge of the barrier layer tank if Any rock that may be available locally is filled up. The water that is dammed up to a few centimeters below the upper edge of the rock filling is largely protected from evaporation losses by the shadow cast by the rock and from contamination by animals and humans due to the inaccessibility of the coarse rock

In order to achieve a more extensive protection of the water from flying sand and the like, it makes sense to arrange a trickle protection, e.g. a geotextile, local foliage or the like, under the upper layer of rock

This trickle protection also enables a further surface build-up, which can lead to a paved, walkable, accessible or buildable floor surface, as has already been described in advance

The necessary agricultural areas cannot be created in flat terrain everywhere. To enable agriculture in the mountains, too, terraced cultivated areas have been known for many centuries The floor areas according to the invention can also be installed in a comparable manner on slopes, by combining the different designs with one another, individually adapted to the respective environmental conditions, on terraces at different heights in the ground, so that a slope can be used for agriculture as a whole

Of course, many interesting exemplary embodiments can also be presented for industrial or commercial use, which, if required, can include additional soil protection in addition to rainwater management, which can be monitored with simple means when handling water-polluting substances If small areas of the surface according to the invention are heavily contaminated, it is advisable to use a surface according to the invention only in these areas plus safety distances, or to form a surface in the surface.If two surfaces according to the invention are formed one inside the other, they can be provided with different control and processing systems To prevent a possibly heavy load of the entire water accumulating in advance, since the bulk of the pollutants is collected in the stored area. This area in the area could, for example, be a firmly assigned, clearly marked envelope plaster for aggressive substances. Furthermore, it is also possible to create a sealed, pollutant-free planting island or the like in an otherwise critical environment with a flat in the flat

If short-term high levels of pollutants are to be expected on a possibly very small area (e.g. burst tank on a filling station), this area can be adapted to this maximum expected volume of hazardous substances by pulling up the barrier layer beyond the top edge of the area To be able to retract and retract without damaging the raised edge of the barrier layer, it is usually advisable to use slightly inclined entry and exit ramps

A further addition to the area for accident prevention are in the area or separate drains or drainage channels arranged on at least one side, which drain the excess of the liquid into at least one attached collection container or basin in the event of an unusually high volume of liquid

In many applications, the barrier layer is preferably created from elastic welding tracks (e.g. PE HD), which is available in many designs such as nubbed or structured differently and is available on the market in a fiber-reinforced manner, but also many other materials to be selected according to the relevant task, among others Foil, also nubbed or differently structured or fiber-reinforced, concrete (cast or sprayed), bitumen (in sheets, applied in liquid or sprayed) or plastics (applied in liquid or sprayed), sheet metal or mineral sealing layers made of compacted bulk material or bentonite are conceivable

The barrier layers are not necessarily to be designed as a trough, but can also be used as a largely horizontal layer, if it is ensured that only small amounts of pollutants are generated which, with their maximum distribution in the superstructure, do not reach the outer area of the surface or the water that accumulates. / Pollutant mixtures can be drained into a treatment plant before reaching the outside areas

In order to be able to monitor the barrier layer, particularly in sensitive areas, it can be equipped with leakage warning devices that visually or acoustically indicate damage to the layer. For this purpose, a looped-through Sttom or pneumatic or hydraulic tube pressure lines appear sensible on a possibly self-adhesive carrier film or similar, which are connected at their two ends in a control box to a corresponding warning device Tears one of the thin power lines, or one of the

Pipe lines were leaking, the control area affected by this loop is shown as damaged

Localization of the leakage area is given directly. If the control line is above the barrier layer, a warning is possible before the barrier layer leaks. If the control line is below the barrier layer, this may only indicate a real leak and not report the beginning of an impending leak.If there is a leak warning a warning system arranged above the barrier layer has also occurred

Error messages are easier to control than an underlying system because the barrier layer does not have to be penetrated

Barrier layer as well as the warning system are usually arranged as the first layers in the subsurface, they are protected in the long term against weather-related and mechanical damage

Furthermore, a more meaningful and simpler type of leakage monitoring for the containers according to the invention is to be created, which is largely independent of the border (barrier layer) to be monitored in the alternative test methods, the measured level in the floor area for leaks and in connection with a corresponding barrier layer design the position of the leak should be closed In order to make a basic statement about the tightness of a container, it is usually sufficient to check whether the stored volume remains unchanged when it is at rest

In the case of liquids, this reduces the volume stored due to evaporation, leaky valves or a leak in the container wall (barrier layer) The evaporation rate is usually vemαchlαssigbαr, so that the shut-off devices or the container wall remain as the primary sources of leakage

Following this principle, it is therefore possible via a fullness control to make a statement about the t of the container in addition to the amount of the stored volume

The leakage monitoring according to the invention is therefore based on a level indicator or control, which, after classification of the hazard class of the stored medium, should react more or less quickly to an unintentional drop in the level

This task is met by many different full-level test and full-level measuring systems.These begin with simple, relatively imprecise mechanical float switches for monitoring possible filling or emptying and end with laser-based distance measuring rates that react in the thousandth of a millimeter range to level changes in the level

In particular, with the very precisely working level measuring systems, clear statements about the tightness of a container can be realized. This can be done, for example, in such a way that a laser directly or with appropriate aids (eg floating reflectors) covers the surface of the

Liquid levels are missing at a certain time and on determined changes in the level that are not due to planned filling or

Evacuation activities are verifiable

It is important to carry out the measurements only when the container is at rest so that an unadulterated result is made possible by several measurements within a certain period of time.But also during operation, a tightness control can be implemented e.g. in the way that during a filling or emptying process this is interrupted at certain intervals by switching off the pumps by the test interval of at least two at intervals

Enable measurements

If there are differences in level between these at least two staggered measurements, a leak can be assumed to be very likely

In addition, the difference in measurement results and the time span between measurements can be used to make a reliable statement about the leakage volume flow

The full-level call and full-level measuring devices described above, together with a signal transmitter, form the full level monitoring, which transmits its message in acoustic (horn, siren, etc.) and / or visual (rotating beacon, flashing light, etc.) and / or also in writing to a monitoring station

The systems do not necessarily have to be arranged directly in the basin or container, but can also check or measure the liquid level at a certain distance using pipes that communicate with the container

In the case of large basins or flat tubs, this test method loses its significance as the size of the basin or tub increases, for example, for a base area of one hundred square meters, the decrease in the liquid level by one hundredth of a millimeter corresponds to a leakage loss of one liter with a container base area of one thousand square meters A measurement accuracy of a thousandth of a millimeter is already required to determine the same leakage volume, which can be achieved with laser technology, but may falsify the measurement result due to other parameters such as an increase or decrease in the liquid temperature during the test period

In order to counter this, it is advisable to divide the total area into several partial test areas according to the hazard potential of the stored liquid and the resulting tolerance leakage quantity, which are to be checked for leaks either in intervals by an alternating measuring device or together by several measuring devices

In addition to the basic determination of whether a container has a leak at all, the position determination of a detected leak is of great importance for the short-term elimination of the damage

According to the invention, the position or location of the leak is such that the barrier layer is divided into at least one or a plurality of inclined individual surfaces and the liquid can only escape from the container until the lower edge of the leak is reached

Thereupon the level of the level in the container, which does not drop any further, with the geography of the in the planning stage

Relative to the barrier layer, the position of the leak can be defined along a line (fill level at the lower edge of the leak) on the inclined barrier layer surface

If the barrier layer surface was also inclined in an additional direction running transversely to the first direction, the line on which the leakage location is located is further shortened and the location of the leakage location is thus further specified

Depending on the size of the barrier layer partial surface that arises due to the inclinations and the leakage gel chemistry determined thereon, a relatively rough to very precise localization of the leakage location is possible If a drainage device is provided in the container, the required inclination of the partial layer of the barrier layer can also be carried out in a sensible manner in such a way that the drama lines are always arranged in the deepest vertex (valley) of two partial layers of the blocking layer The apex line of the adjacent junction partial areas is delimited in this way, a partial area that can be individually checked for leaks is formed

Since, due to the required drainage line, the partial layers of the barrier layer are inclined in two directions, first to the drainage line hm and from the beginning of the drainage line to the drain, there are only two relatively short leakage gel areas within this valley

The subdivision into partial barrier layer areas can also be carried out by additional partition walls in the form of concrete, metal or plastic, which can reach up to the upper edge of the maximum fill level of the container

Such a subdivision into at least two partial areas should in principle be provided in addition to the better or parceled leakage detection even in containers with a flat structure which are at risk of contamination, since this arrangement provides an additional pendulum coil

Partial surface structures made possible

For pendulum coils, the liquid is drawn off from one part of the area via drainage lines and passed through a solid matter filter and then pumped into the drainage line of the second area with maximum permissible pressure up to the fullness limit

This several times, alternating from partial area one to partial area two and vice versa, the intermediate filtered water pumped with pressure guarantees very good

Cleaning services of the liquid storage superstructure

This mutual filling and emptying can also be used excellently in connection with biological in-situ cleaning. In the area of the drainage pipe drain, it is sensible to provide a connection for a full-level measuring device in order to be able to check this part of the barrier layer separately

A small pipe that communicates with the partial surface level is sufficient for this, e.g. that the communicating pipes of other partial surfaces can be taken to a central monitoring location.If only a very slight leak has been found, the location of the leak can be found by increasing the hydrostatic pressure on the barrier layer useful to determine the leakage gel chemistry Since this cannot be done with additional amounts of liquid, increasing the pressure by applying compressed air to the surface of the liquid is a practical alternative.This can be done, for example, via the drainage system, flooding system or lances, since the wall of the container or the pavement of a surface installation is largely is tight to the environment In addition to the switch-on tightness monitoring system described above, further controllable barrier layers are usually possible in a typically double-shell design, as is the case with oil above ground find tanks application

This makes sense especially in the strongly inclined edge area of basins or tubs, since the double-layered nature of the barrier layer enables independent leakage testing of the rest of the barrier layer area, even when the container is empty allows easier processing

There are several options available to check the double barrier layer for leaks

On the one hand, a free air space can be created between the two layers by means of spacers, via which, in the event of a leak, the penetrating liquid can be directed to a correspondingly reacting sensor or another type of control option. Sporadic suction of the intermediate air also makes it possible to state the presence of a leak

As a further possibility, this intermediate space between the barrier layers could be filled with a control liquid which is drained off to the surroundings in the event of a leak. The liquid level that falls can be determined and can be used to trigger a corresponding message or signal

Both of the above-mentioned double-shell monitoring systems can also be subdivided into partial areas and can therefore also be used for the detection of a leakage gel medium

In many cases, especially with contaminated water, it is essential to connect additional system components to the barrier layer

A connection shaft offers the possibility to control and process the liquid retained in the surface, an individual, if necessary, also automated analysis and / or sensor-guided monitoring systems and / or downstream mobile (such as the DORA system from Zeppelin) or stationary processing systems for the liquid, or water to use a pollutant mixture To monitor and, as far as possible, forward the normally occurring liquid mixture, in addition to manual liquid management, there are also many, optionally solar-powered, sensor-based systems available on the market that, for example, automatically open and close the shut-off valves of the area and, for example, unloaded Guide water directly over the busy soil zone for trickling or first send water recognized as contaminated by a treatment These systems have to be designed according to their task

All, regardless of the type of analysis and / or sensor units, should be able to automatically close the throttle valves whenever possible in the event of an environmental accident. Manual operation of the throttle valve, after an alternative possible visual and / or acoustic signal, should always be the second best solution

The preparation of the liquid mixture can be done on a mobile or stationary basis.For example, separators, clarification systems or even exchangeable filter cartridges can be used as stationary systems. In principle, the treatment system should be selected according to the liquid mixture and the desired or prescribed degree of purification, with the market offering a wide range of other products additional preparation options than the examples mentioned above

Depending on the amount of liquid to be expected, it may be useful to clear the liquids accumulating from several surfaces in only one central processing plant, or depending on the type of contamination, to feed the liquids accumulating on one or more surfaces to a specially designed multi-substance processing plant, in the case of several Flat central processing plant with several multi-substance processing plants is also conceivable

Furthermore, a plumbing or drainage system for the unpolluted or treated water can be connected to the connecting shaft or the downstream treatment plant. In the case of trickling, it is economically and ecologically sensible to sprinkle the water via a septic tank or already cleaned water directly below the barrier layer, on the one hand only limited or no access to additional areas is required and on the other hand the natural path of the rainwater that has fallen on the area can be maintained after the treatment that may be necessary.This is also an important step in flood prevention, since the Reduction of the outflowing water also in the rivers ensures a lower water volume and reduced outflow dynamics

The primary goal of the efforts should always be to equip the surfaces to such an extent that the post-treated water has a direct conductor quality

The long-known further possibility of water infiltration via a seepage shaft is also given. However, according to the latest knowledge, this is only recommended for really clean water, since the natural cleaning mechanisms of the floor are only used to a limited extent due to the rapid sinking of the water into deeper layers of the soil and thus residual contamination of the groundwater cannot be excluded

Irrespective of the good abilities of trickling or infiltration, there is still the ecologically questionable possibility of discharging unpolluted or only very slightly polluted water into flowing water, retention basins or rainwater canals. However, this prevents the very important groundwater recharge and contributes to flooding

If the treated water is still to be regarded as critical, only the temporary storage of the critical liquid quantities in the area itself or separate collection basins or containers or, if still permissible, the discharge into the sewage canal can also be arranged above ground To transport liquid there, the connection shaft can be equipped with a liquid lifting device, for example, which can be operated both manually and automatically in a controlled manner

In this way, one arrives at a floor area of the type mentioned in the introduction, which, with very little additional effort, completely fulfills the above-mentioned tasks to a known, unsealed area. In addition, for paving, for example, the paving stones themselves are environmentally friendly and building materials forming the barrier layer are recyclable So that there is no particular disposal difficulty when changing such a surface or when removing or removing it.In addition to the above-mentioned disposal advantages, there is a further advantage with the surfaces according to the invention that the superstructure and floor covering of the surface, which may be heavily contaminated with pollutants during use the removal can be treated with cleaning technology. This is possible, for example, by adding or adding to the surface, after a corresponding previous analysis, a biological or chemical neutralizing agent or the mixture of pollutants e bacteria decompose the pollutants, or the like All known cleaning methods are additionally supported in the inventive surface by the fact that the entire surface structure is porous, that is water and air permeable, so that the cleaning agents used can penetrate the entire surface structure In the case of agricultural land, the blowing or suctioning of gases or circulating air into or out of the area is provided, since in the topsoil a variety of microorganisms are active, which can be supported in this way in their activity and / or multiplication Gas or circulating air treatment can also be used against harmful influences

Description of the drawings

In the drawings, several exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown

1 shows a schematic, perspective cross section through a paved floor area,

(Best way to implement the traffic area structure with, for example, water-permeable pavement) g 2 is a schematic, perspective cross section through a paved floor area in accordance with FIG

Flat arranged swamp, g 3 a schematic, perspective cross section through a paved floor area according to FIG. 1 with an additional one

Sprinkling, g 4 is a schematic, perspective cross section through a paved floor area according to FIG 1 with a

Connection shaft outside the floor area, g 5 a vertical section through a street, g 6 a perspective cross section through a πnπenformigen floor area for agriculture,

(Best way to implement the agricultural land structure) g 7 a view in arrow A from FIG. 6 without the water distributor, g 8 a cross section through a field-like ground surface with additional irrigation pipes above the root system, g 9 a perspective cross section through an asphalted ground surface, g 10 9 shows a section as an enlargement of the left area A of the asphalted floor area corresponding to FIG. 9, g 11 a section as an enlargement of the right area B of the asphalted floor area according to FIG. 9, a perspective cross section through a concrete floor area, Area A of the concreted floor area according to FIG. 12, g 14 shows a detail as an enlargement of the right area B of the concrete floor area according to FIG. 12, g 15 shows a top view of the barrier layer geography of the asphalted floor area according to FIG. 9, FIG. 16 shows a top view of the barrier layer geo graph of the concrete floor surface according to Fig 12, ig 17 a laser-assisted, decentralized full level measuring system

The floor area (10) shown in FIG. 1 represents a largely customary pavement area (12) that ends at the same height as the grown soil (11), as has been used for many years. This standardized structure (12, 13, 14, 15 ) consists at the top of a layer of water-permeable paving stones (21) under which there is a leveling layer (13) made of water-permeable plaster mix (14) and a compacted, water-storing gravel layer (15), the thickness of which is adapted to the required load capacity of the surface (10) In order to expand this area (10) in its application, a water-permeable granulate layer (16) with embedded drainage pipes (17) is arranged below the ballast layer (15), followed by a liquid-impermeable and pressure-resistant barrier layer (18) made of welded PE-HD sheets , which is raised in the edge area (19) up to the uppermost edge (20) of the paving stones (21) by a tight Barrier trough (22) too

So that the sunken liquid can flow as completely as possible into the drama tube (17), a second, lower compensation layer (23) is arranged below the barrier layer (18), which is formed to the drainage pipes (17) h and thus for the required Oblique position of the PE-HD sheets (18) to the drainage pipes (17) hm ensures Furthermore, it can be seen from FIG. 1 that the drama tubes (17) embedded in the granulate (16) and arranged parallel to one another and resting on the barrier layer (18) via T-pieces (24) in a 90 ° angle to the drainage pipes (17 ) offset collecting pipe (25), which in turn leads the liquid via a T-piece (26) to the manually operated shut-off valve (27), from where the retained liquid can be discharged, for example, to a central clearing system

The floor surface (10) shown in FIG. 2 offers a similar design for use in critical areas of industry. The structure of the surface (10) is very similar to the structure of the surface (10) from FIG. 1, the difference is that the lowered paving star layer (21) with circumferential curb edge (28), behind which the barrier layer (18) made of acid-resistant PE HD welding sheet (18) is drawn up to the upper edge (20) of the soil (11) or curbs (28) In this way, in the event of a bursting tank, an additional safety threshold (28) is created for the acid which may spill to the edge of the surface (10). In order to secure the surface (10) against unintentional opening, a sump (29) is provided instead of the shut-off valve , in which the collecting pipes (25) end and from which the liquid retained in the surface (10) can be drawn off. To control the leakage of the barrier layer (18), this is with an inside the flat (10) on the barrier layer (18) attached leakage warning system (30)

FIG. 3 is a floor surface (10) which corresponds to that of FIG. 1, a spray system (31) being arranged below the lower compensating layer (23). The spray system (31) fueled the rainwater coming from the clearing system and cleaned of contaminants directly underneath the surface (10) on which it previously fell as rain. The trickle (31) works according to the known system of parallel piping (32) arranged in its own gravel beds (33).

FIG. 4 shows the bottom surface (10) corresponding to the surface (10) from FIG. 3, but in a manner rotated 90 ° to the right with an additional connecting shaft (34). Because of the additional connecting shaft (34), the shut-off valve (27) Advantageously arranged in this and provided with an additional connection coupling (35) for a suction, drain, or bottom coil line. Below the shut-off valve (27), two outflows (36) to the encircling lines (32) can be seen. to connect the floor surface (10) to a mobile treatment system (eg DORA from Zeppelin), the treated water for draining simply being drained into the connection shaft (34) and from there penetrating into the connection system (31), for example in this connection shaft (34) additionally conceivable liquid filter or separator is not shown

FIG. 5 shows a road structure (37) which is formed at the top from a feminine layer (38) and below it from a rough asphalt layer (39), under which the usual gravel layer (15) can be seen. The right and left of the road surface (40) are from Gutter stones (41) formed rainwater gutters (42) are provided, which drain the water to the bilaterally available drains (43). From there, water flows through sprinkler / drainage pipes (44) into the water-permeable or water-storing gravel layer (15) heavy rainfalls for some time between the sprinkler / drama pipes (44) are connected to a drain line (45) that can be shut off via a shut-off valve (27), which leads the water to a cleaning shaft (46) in which an exchangeable suspended matter filter (47) with a downstream one Liquid filter (48) is embedded In order not to exceed the filter capacity, a throttle plate (49) is located above the drain line (45) attached, which releases the water stored in the area (10) as far as possible evenly to the filter (47, 48) underneath. The cleaned water is then released via a trickle line (32) to a gravel bed (33) in order to from there ms soil ( 11) to seep away and continue the path to the groundwater, which has only been briefly interrupted, as purified, harmless rainwater

The floor area (77) shown in FIG. 6 represents a section of a parallel, multi-row plantation arrangement for orange trees (69) .All trees (69) have been planted at fixed intervals in the gutter-shaped floor area (77) In the rocky subsurface (51), a trench (72) was excavated, which was brought into the required shape (76) of the floor surface (77) with locally available sand (52). The barrier layer (57) made of bentom mats was then laid in this groove an irrigation and drainage pipe (65) was laid in the lower area of the barrier layer (57), which was embedded in a heap of spatially broken star split (74) for better, later water distribution to the topsoil (58). An appropriately treated, water-permeable geotextile (59) was to be limited between the gestural split (74) and the subsequently piled up mu tterboden (58) inserted After the orange trees (69) had been planted in the topsoil (58), the entire floor area (77) was covered with a climatic fiber web (71) to fix the web (71) and to protect the apron from damage, more directly The climatic fiber web (71) was covered with stones (55) and sand (52) from the sun and heat. For water or liquid supply, the floor surfaces (77) lie between two main lines (62, 67), one of the ends of one of the distributors (66). Irrigation drainage line (65) through distributor is introduced into the bottom surface (77). On the opposite side of the distributor (66) there are in turn irrigation drain lines (65) which also supply bottom surfaces (77) with liquid coherent agricultural areas can be realized Since the plantation is located in the lowlands, all the floor areas (77) and distributors (66) have been aligned to the same height level n a liquid level for optimal irrigation is permanently maintained in the floor areas (77) and the distributors (66) Full in the floor surface (77), according to the principle of the communicating pipes, on which the evaporation barrier (63) made of wood floating on the water level in the distributor (66) can be monitored

FIG. 7 shows a view in the direction of the arrow A of the floor area (77) according to FIG. 6. It can clearly be seen how agricultural use of rock (51) and sand (52) is realized in dry, life-like conditions. The broken rock (51) Pit (72) is filled with sand (76) in accordance with the shape of the barrier layer (57). The irrigation drainage pipe (65) is arranged at the bottom of the barrier layer trough (57). There is a liquid-carrying layer (60) made of split dies (74), which from a root barrier (59) is covered. Above it, close to the surface, is the growth layer (58) made of topsoil, in which an orange tree (69) is planted. To maintain moisture in the top layers of topsoil (58), this is also covered with a fabric (71 ) made of climate fiber (e.g. Sympatex, Gore Tex, or the like) and covered with a protective layer (70) made of stones (55) and sand (52)

FIG. 8 shows the combination of several rows of plants in a floor area (77), the floor structures similar to those from FIGS. 6 and 7. In addition, below the trickle protection (79) made of geotextile | each row of plants, an additional irrigation line (78) was provided around the plants (69 ) can also be supplied with water, fertilizer and pesticides from above. Furthermore, the irrigation nozzle (53) can be seen, which extends through the geotextile (79) to the root system (75) of the plants and enables individual plant care

The industrial storage area shown in FIG. 9 with a flat surface (102) made of asphalt conducts the rainwater with the pollutants absorbed by the flat surface (102) via a depression (103) and drain pipe (139) to a sludge and suspended matter separator Von located outside the surface there, the pre-cleaned water / pollutant mixture is discharged via a water inlet pipe (104) leading back into the surface to a distributor pipe (105), from where the liquid is evenly distributed to several infiltration pipes (106) connected to it when flowing through the superstructure (100) Further pollutants are filtered out of the liquid and the pollutants are fed to the bacteria located in the superstructure (100) and the drainage layer (99), so that a considerable reduction in pollutants is achieved within the area. The treated water is fed to the double via the drainage lines (98) -T pieces (93) directed and from there Derived from the surface via the collector pipe (87, 138) In order to retain the water / pollutant mixture, a barrier layer (85) made of PEHD plastic sealing membranes is arranged on the compensation layer, on which the drainage system (98, 93) is housed within a glass ash chute (99) Double T-pieces (93) belonging to the drainage and drainage system with an attached inspection shaft (95) allow direct access to the liquid level, with the resulting possibility of leakage control of one area of the barrier layer to be emptied and thereby delimited by the drainage pipe (98) Concrete collar (94) attached to the lower edge of the inspection shaft (95) is able to transfer a load of 60 mg acting on the inspection shaft cover (126) to the superstructure (100). The lower barrier layer (85) is inclined from the beginning of the drama pipes (98) falling evenly up to the double T-piece (93) and a second slope of d he barrier layer comb (97) to the lower edge of the drainage lines (98). The entire drainage system (93,98,99) in turn drops evenly in the direction of the surface drain (138). The surrounding border of the barrier layer (85) is curbs (83) or curbs (83), to which the upper edge of the barrier layer (85) is connected with the aid of a flange (141). In accordance with the building regulations, the edge surround (83, 141) is based on a strip foundation (82) that follows from the side facing away from the flat Soil (84) has been filled From the upper barrier layer down to the drainage layer (99), the barrier layer for leakage control is double-walled (85.86), on the one hand in section A via a pipe connected to the lowest point of the double barrier layer (85.86) (88) a leakage to derive leakage liquid or in sub-area B via the drop in a connected liquid level to be able to determine

In FIG. 10, in particular on the subarea A shown in FIG. 9, the intestine can be seen that the leakage-monitored edge region (from the lower, largely horizontal barrier layer (85) to the connecting flange (111)) on the compensating layer (81) The barrier layer (85) consists of the barrier layer (85) itself, which is laid across the entire surface of the tub, with the dimpled sheet (86) and a protective fleece covering (107) on it. The dimpled sheet (86) consists of the same material as the all-over barrier layer (85). , is divided into partial areas to be checked for leaks. The covering protective fleece (107) protects the dimpled sheet (86) against damage from the coarse-grained surface material (100). Above the surface structure (100) is a bituminous base layer (101) with a final, asphalted surface covering ( 102), which extends up to the connecting flange (111) of the barrier layer (85) at the lower end of the dimpled sheet (8 6), the collecting pipe (88) can be seen that any leakage liquid that penetrates into the space between the barrier layer (85) and the dimpled sheet (86) leads into a central collecting container, from which a signal is emitted when liquid flows in. Below the double T Stuckes (93) the barrier layer valley (127) can be seen.From there to the right, following the barrier layer (85), it soon rises vertically after being folded up and is folded again just a few centimeters above the barrier layer ridge level (97) and returned back down in order to then return to the horizontal laying at the level of the lower edge of the drama tube connection (112). This upturn (92) serves to separate two leakage test areas. On the one hand, the partial area in which the double-T pieces (93) meet with the Dramatic section, connecting pipes (87) and the sections that are drained by the connected drama pipes (98) at eme i Leak detection must ensure that the liquid level is always just below the separating upstands (92) or the Test upper limit (97) (corresponds to the barrier layer combs (130)) is not exceeded in order to be able to carry out an exact, partial area-related leak inspection and location

Figure 11 shows the right part B of Figure 9 and differs in the structure of the edge area only in the way that for leakage monitoring the space between the barrier layer (85) and dimpled sheet (86) is filled with a liquid, the surge tank via a communicating pipe (90) is connected to the intermediate space. In the event of a leak, part of the control fluid would leak out of the intermediate space and, after the liquid had run out of the expansion tank, a switch with a avoidance unit would then emit a corresponding signal

FIG. 12 shows an industrial area comparable to FIG. 9 with a roadway made of concrete (102). In order to be able to dispense with the dimpled sheet (86) and its complex processing, in this example the separating barrier layer upstand (92) was led up to the concrete layer (102) In FIG. 13, partial area A of FIG. 12 is shown in detail, whereby it can be seen that a protective fleece (107) is only required in the area of the coarse-grained surface construction material (100) (102) to be filled with water in order to be able to precisely determine the leakage medium in the subsequent, leakage-related lowering process of the liquid level. Therefore, the marginal area should be kept as small as possible

In order to be able to check in the edge area with little water, the barrier layer upstand (85,107,108) was installed at an angle in Figure 14 (subarea B from Figure 12) .This creates a gap between the upstand (85,107,108) and the edge barrier layer (85,107) that with a barrier layer ( 85) and a dimpled sheet (86) formed intermediate space and, in addition, considerably less water is required for checking or locating the leakage than is required in accordance with subarea A in FIG. 13

FIG. 15 shows the barrier layer geography (127-136) of FIGS. 9, 10, 11, which rises in the edge region on the collecting drain pipe (87), starting from the lowest point 0 'through height 1' to 2 ', and is laterally and somewhat higher Parallel junction layer 0.1.2 (128) arranged From this valley, the three connected connected drama lines (98) rise from 0 to 1, 1 to 2 and 2 to 3. The junction valleyers (128, 129, 140) follow this course The junction layers (85 ) between the drainage pipes all meet at level 4 (130) that is defined as a barrier layer crest (130) or test level upper limit (97). From the individual heights 0 'to 4, the barrier layer (85) up to the upper edge 5 is in the edge area of the flat covering (102) pulled up

FIG. 16 shows the junction geography (127 136) of the area from FIG. 12, 13, 14. In the horizontal, central partial area, the design is identical to that of FIGS. 9, 10, 11 ) (increasing from 6 to 7) due to the additionally required drainage pipe. The drainage pipe running there has an inspection shaft (110) and a double angle piece (141) as a coupling to enable connection to a further drainage pipe (98)

Leakage testing and location is carried out, for example, using the laser measuring system (115-125) shown in Figure 17. To check individual partial areas, the measuring tube (120) is inserted through the inspection shaft (95,96,110) into the drain pipe connection (112) and inflated there of the sealing hose (116) anchored in it Either by itself or by briefly sucking up, the water in the partial area to be tested is requested ms measuring tube (120) There, due to the communicating tubes (115), there is an immediate setting in the partial area and the measuring tube (120) identical fill level The reflecting float (123) floating on the water level in the measuring tube (120) can now be illuminated by the laser beam as a reference surface.Thanks to temporally staggered measurements, a change in the filling level inside the measuring tube (120) and thus also the communicating partial surface can be traced Reference symbol list

Soil surface 55 stones 100 storable superstructure soil 56 climatic fiber fabric 101 base layer plaster surface 57 barrier layer 102 flat covering upper leveling layer 58 topsoil 103 valley plaster mix 59 root protection fabric 104 water inlet gravel layer 60 irrigation and drainage layer 105 distributor pipe granulate layer 61 throttle / shut-off valve drain line 107 drainage pipe main pipe 63 drainage pipe 108 support pipe edge area 64 throttle / shut-off valve 109 drain pipe upper edge 65 irrigation pipe 110 inspection shaft paving stones 66 distributor 111 connection flange barrier layer trough 67 main supply pipe 112 drain pipe connection lower compensation layer 68 handwheel 113 shaft connection T-piece 69 cultivated plant 114 shaft opening collecting pipe 70 protective layer 115 communicating pipe T-Stewebe 71 Klimaf 116 sealing hose shut-off and / or throttle valve 72 pit 117 air inlet curb 73 what Serab- and -inlet 118 air pipe sump 74 stem split 119 air valve leakage warning system 75 root system 120 measuring pipe spraying system 76 compensation layer 121 tripod encircling line 77 multi-layer floor surface 122 laser measuring head gravel bed 78 irrigation pipe 123 float connection shaft 79 trickle protection 124 power supply connection coupling 80 grown soil 81 flow metering level cover 126 flow 82 strip foundation 127 barrier layer valley course Femasphaltschicht 83 curbs / curbstone 128 barrier layer valley course Grobasphaltschicht 84 embankment 129 barrier layer valley course road surface 85 barrier layer made of PEHD 130 barrier layer ridge course gutter stones 86 knobbed membrane made of PEHD 131 barrier layer bend rainwater drainage pipe 87 collecting line 132 barrier layer bendage drainage pipe drainage layer drainage pipe drainage pipe drainage layer drainage pipe drainage pipe drainage pipe drainage pipe drainage pipe drainage pipe drainage pipe drainage pipe drainage pipe drainage pipe drainage pipe drainage pipe drainage pipe drainage pipe drainage pipe drainage pipe drainage pipe drainage pipe drainage drainage pipe drainage drain pipe drainage pipe drainage pipe drainage drainage pipe drainage pipe drainage drainage pipe drainage drainage pipe drainage pipe drainage communicating pipes 135 junction valley valley Re cleaning shaft 91 barrier layer edging 136 barrier layer edging suspended matter liter 92 partial surface separation 137 surface gradient liquid filter 93 double T-connection 138 surface drain throttle plate 94 lintel collar 139 drainage drain natural surface 95 inspection shaft 140 barrier layer valley layer 98 layer drainage layer drainage layer layer 99 additional layer 141 double level upper layer drainage layer 99 additional layer drainage layer 99

Claims

 claims

1 floor area (10,77,142) for in particular traffic, road, commercial, industrial, horticultural and agricultural areas, the superstructure (13-16.55 60.99-102) of the area (10.77.142) at least one barrier layer (18, 54, 85) and a drainage system (17, 60, 99) that drains off the liquid that penetrates the floor surface, characterized in that the free spaces within the floor structure, in particular between the grains of the fillings (13-16, 58, 60,74,99,100) of the superstructure (13-16,55-60,142), can be used as grouting rooms for receiving, storing and draining liquids and in interaction with the barrier layer (18,54,85) and a liquid and / or drainage device, a liquid-absorbing, liquid-storing and / or liquid-draining bottom surface (10, 77, 142) is formed

2 floor surface (10,77,1 2) according to claim 1, characterized in that as a visible upper layer (40,70,102) topsoil (58) or its protective cover (70), a lawn surface, a compacted bulk material, asphalt (102) , Concrete (102) or paving stones (12) is used

3 bottom surface (10,77) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the liquid impinging on the visible upper layer (40,70) of the bottom surface (10,77) by a liquid-conducting design of the upper layer (12,52, 55, 71) itself, the lower superstructure (13-16, 58, 60) is supplied with 4 floor areas (10, 142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper layer (40, 102) of the floor area on the visible, non-liquid-permeable surface (10,142) impinging liquid is fed to the superstructure (13-16.99-101) via at least one drainage channel (42,43), a drainage channel grid, at least one yard runout (103) or at least one depression (103) and / or a liquid treatment system 5 Floor area (10,77,142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one shut-off and / or

Throttle valve (27,61,64) regulates the filling and discharge volume of the liquid flowing into and / or out of the area (10,77,142)

6 bottom surface (10,77,142) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shut-off and / or throttle valve (27,61,64) can be adjusted manually

7 floor area (10,77,142) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shut-off and / or throttle valve (27,61,64) can be set automatically

8 bottom surface (10,77,142) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control signals of the shut-off and / or throttle valve (27,61,64) come from a flow meter, pollutant sensor and / or an analysis device

9 floor area (10,77,142) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the installation location of the shut-off and / or throttle valve (27,61,64) between or within the water treatment system or systems located between the outlet of the barrier layer trough (43 , 73, 138) and the outflow into the septic basin, canal, receiving water, infiltration trench, trickle line, percolation shaft, catch basin or the like, is arbitrary

10 bottom surface (10,77,142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the throttle is designed as a cross-sectional opening. 11 bottom surface (10,77,142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inlet (43,73,138 ) and or

Drain (10,73,138) integrated liquid management and / or water treatment systems, or individual components serve as a throttle

12 floor area (10,77,142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual liquid-absorbing, - storing and -directing layers (13-16.58-60.99-101) of the superstructure above the barrier layer (18.57, 85) are formed from sand, crushed stone, ash, gravel, granulate or similar liquid-permeable material or a mixture of such materials

13 floor surface (10,77,142) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the barrier layer (18,57,85,86) either made of plastic sealing sheet, welding sheet or film (nubbed or otherwise structured or fiber-reinforced), concrete (cast or sprayed) , Bitumen (in sheets, applied in liquid or sprayed), or plastics (applied in liquid or sprayed), sheets or mineral sealing layers made of compacted bulk material, bentonite in sheets or loose ms of soil mixed in or multi-layered from the combination of one or more of the aforementioned options is formed 14 Bodenflαche (10,77,142) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the barrier layer (18,57,85) with at least one-sided slope to the drainage system (17,60,99) or drain (43,73,138) or drains h or is laid in a cone-shaped manner around the slope (s) (43,73,138)

15 floor surface (10,77,142) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a slope or compensating layer (23,76,81) is arranged below the barrier layer (18,57,85)

16 floor surface (10,77,142) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the barrier layer (18,57,85) is to be arranged in sloping surfaces terrace or step-shaped

17 floor surface (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one, by structural measures trimmed edge (19) of the barrier layer (18) is used, projecting to any height beyond the visible, upper layer of the surface (10) 18 floor surface (10, 142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that within the surface (10, 1, 2) and / or on the visible layer (12, 102), construction measures independent of the surface are established or carried out

19 floor surface (10, 1, 2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the irrigation and drainage system (17,99) above and / or a spraying system (31) below the barrier layer (18, 85) made of at least one drainage pipe ( 17.98), or a knobbed film with or without fleece or a flowable layer (16.99) or a combination of the aforementioned loading and

Dewatering or Verselesungsmögkeit is formed

20 floor surface (10, 142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spraying system (31) is installed in at least one other surface than the surface (10, 142) according to the invention

21 bottom surface (77) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an irrigation system (78) is arranged in or above the plant roots (75)

22 floor surface (77) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the irrigation (78) or irrigation and drainage system (60,65,73) is arranged following the surface course (54)

23 floor area (77) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one irrigation (78) or irrigation and drainage systems (60,65,73) in the area (77) is distributed 24 floor area (77) according to a of the preceding claims, characterized in that the irrigation (78) or loading and

To feed drainage systems (60,65,73) with a liquid mixture of water with fertilizers and / or pesticides

25 soil surface (77) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a root barrier (59) is arranged between the root system (75) of the plant (69) or plants (69) and the irrigation and drainage layer (60, 74)

26 soil surface (77) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that above the root system (75) of the plant (69) or plants (69) a layer (70) is applied to the apron of the growth layer (top soil) (58) 27 soil surface (77) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the growth layer protection (70) made of sand (52) and / or rock (55) and / or plastic or film and / or climate fiber fabric (71) and / or geotextile and / or Clay and / or clay is formed

28 bottom surface (77) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an irrigation hose or nozzle (53) is used for watering individual plants (69)

29 floor area (77) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cultivated, at an irrigation system (61 - 68) connected floor area (77) from at least one narrow floor area provided for a row of plants (77) or at least one field-like floor area (77 ) or from a combination of one or more of the aforementioned floor surface designs 30 Bodenflαche (77) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arrangement of the plants (69) in the bottom surfaces (77) is arbitrary

31 floor area (10,77,142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the floor area (10,77,142) or floor areas (10,77,1 2) is or are connected to a central water or liquid supply (61-68)

32 bottom surface (10,77,142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that materials are arranged within the surface structure (13-16,58- 60,99-101) which support the liquid transport within the surface (10,77,142)

33 floor area (10,77,142) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the case of large differences in grain size between adjacent floor layers (13-16.58-60.99-101) with a trickle protection sheet, mixing of the fine-grained with the coarse-grained layer materials is to be prevented

34 floor surface (10,77,142) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trickle protection is formed from plastic or film and / or climate fiber fabric (71) and / or geotextile and / or clay and / or clay

35 bottom surface (10,77,142) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one, in or outside the surface (10,77,142) arranged shaft is provided as a sump (29,66)

36 ßodenflache (10,77,142) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sump (29,66) or fountain is or are equipped with a liquid lifting device

37 floor surface (10, 142) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rainwater collected from the surface is discharged into the ground or a body of water via a seepage trough, percolation shaft and / or trench

38 floor surface (10, 142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water derived from the surface (10, 142), the sump (29) or the connecting shaft (34, 138) or the liquid purification system flows into a sewer pipe or a body of water approved for it

39 floor surface (10,77,142) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one surface (10,77,142) according to the invention is installed within an existing surface according to the invention or not according to the invention

40 floor area (10,77,142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one area not according to the invention is provided within an already existing area (10,77,142) according to the invention

41 floor surface (10,77,142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one connection shaft (34,66) for supply and / or drain lines and / or external connections is installed inside or outside the surface (10,77,142) 42 Floor surface (10, 142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one collector and / or separator and / or filter of the type up to um is used as the reverse osmosis system as the liquid treatment system used inside or outside the floor surface

43 floor surface (10, 142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a mobile or stationary liquid cleaning system either directly on the surface according to the invention (10, 142) or its sump (29) or its shut-off valve

(27) or drain line (43, 138) or after the connection shaft (34) or its shut-off valve can be connected

44 floor surface (10,77,142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface is equipped with biological or chemical cleaning options for cleaning the introduced pollutant-containing liquid or the surface components themselves

45 floor surface (10,77,142) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the irrigation and drainage system (17,44,73,98,105,106) during the cleaning of the surface makes it possible to rinse the surface (10,77,142) 46 Bodenflαche (10,77,142) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that fumigation of the layers is possible through the irrigation and drainage system (17,44,73,93,98,105,106) during the surface cleaning with bacteria or a gas-active cleaning process

47 floor surface (10,77,142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flat-forming materials (12-16.56-60.99-101) after the in-situ cleaning and subsequent disassembly of the surface (10,77,142) 48 surfaces (10, 142) according to one of the preceding claims are to be recycled in newly created surfaces (10, 77, 142), characterized in that the permanent or sporadic

Leakage control of the barrier layer (18, 85) is carried out via a liquid level measuring device which, in the event of an unforeseen drop in the liquid level, emits an acoustic, and / or visual, and / or written or other type of signal or message

49 floor area (10, 142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the liquid level measuring device is designed as a float-controlled, mechanical and / or inductive and / or hydrostatic device, or as an electronic measuring system based on reflected radiation (115 125) for the fill level hm

50 floor area (10, 142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the level control is carried out either directly via the fill level inside the basin, container or collecting space and / or through the fill level in at least one, communicating pipes (90, 115) leading to the outside

51 floor surface (10, 1 2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the entire container surface (18, 85) to be checked is divided into several partial control surfaces. 52 floor surface (10, 1 2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized, that the location of the reported leak over the

Geography of the barrier layer (18.85), in cooperation with the level of the fullness, which does not decrease further from the lower edge of the leak, i.e. over the level of the level and the position of the upper edge of the liquid on the inclined surface of the barrier layer (18.85), 53 floor area (10, 142) according to one of the preceding claims is to be determined, characterized in that the geography of the barrier layer (18, 85) allows it to be divided into several, arbitrarily encompassed, independently testable leaks

54 floor surface (10, 142) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of the partial barrier layer surfaces (18, 85) to be monitored is provided with at least one drain and / or communicating pipes (90, 115) which can be used for leakage monitoring

55 floor surface (10, 142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlet (138) or the outlets (93, 112) or the communicating pipes or tubes for connecting a liquid storage layer cleaning system are to be used. 56 floor surface (10, 77, 142) according to one of the The preceding claims, characterized in that, in the case of a surface divided into at least two partial areas, the drains (43, 73, 93, 112) or communicating pipes | e partial area fill and empty each other and empty the partial areas and the associated filtering or cleaning of the liquid during the pumping is to be carried out

57 floor area (10, 142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, for high-quality barrier layer testing or better leak detection, the hydrostatic pressure on the barrier layer (18, 85) by compressed air which presses on the liquid level lying on the barrier layer (18, 85), is to be increased

58 floor area (10, 142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air required for increasing the hydrotstatic pressure on the barrier layer (18, 85) is pumped in via an irrigation and drainage system (43, 93, 98, 112)

59 floor surface (10, 142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a barrier layer (18, 85) with or without barrier geography to support leakage location is used as the entire barrier layer (18, 85) or barrier layer partial area or regions, as a double-walled barrier layer (18, 85 + 86 ) to be used without leakage monitoring 60 bottom surface (10, 1, 2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a barrier layer (18, 85) with or without barrier geography to support leakage location as a double-walled barrier layer (18, 85) as the entire barrier layer (18, 85) or partial barrier region or regions +86) with leakage monitoring

61 floor surface (10, 142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two barrier layers (18, 85 + 86) of a double-walled barrier layer (18, 85 + 86) or at least one barrier layer region with an air-creating or liquid-absorbing distance from one another are arranged 62 floor surface (10, 2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that double-walled barrier layers (18, 85 + 86) or partial barrier layer regions are extracted by suction and testing of the air present between the two barrier layers (18, 85 + 86) or, in the event of leakage, of penetrated air Check liquid for a leak

63 floor area (10, 142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that double-walled barrier layers (18, 85 + 86) or barrier layer areas are to be checked for a leak by means of a fluid interstice filling and their filling level hm, which must not change

64 floor surface (10, 142) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the case of obliquely arranged double-walled barrier layers (18, 85 + 86) or barrier layer subareas with fluid-filled interspaces, the height of the leak in the slope is determined by at least one of the many aforementioned full-level measuring systems is