DE19725692A1 - Surface for roads, paths, industrial and commercial areas, etc. - Google Patents

Abstract

The free intermediate spaces within the ground structures, particularly between the grains of the bulk bottom material (13,16) of the superstructure, are used as availability spaces for receiving, intermediate storage and diversion of fluids. They work in collaboration with the barrier layer (18) and a fluid inlet or diversion conduit to form a fluid receiving, storage or diversion ground surface (10). Top soil or its protective covering, a lawn surface, compacted bulk material, asphalt, concrete or paving stones (12) are used as a visible upper layer. Fluid coming onto the visible upper layer of the ground surface is fed by a conducting formation of the upper layer itself to the more deeply lying superstructure.

Description

Leakage warning system for pools, containers or other containers for receiving, storing and dispensing liquid media, which the tightness of the outwardly sealing barrier layer monitors and in the event of a leak this damage event at a Control or automatically displays or reports and at the subsequent leak location the leak is localized.

From the aforementioned main patent application is a system for Soil and water protection known that from a barrier layer there is arranged substructure and flooring in which Liquid absorbed and controlled by a liquid preparation system can be fed.

Among the embodiments covered in the main patent is already in claims 12 and 13 of a leakage monitoring the surface or barrier layer mentioned in the main patent  however only as looped pneumatic, hydraulic or hydraulic Line is shown.

This inventive aspect of leakage monitoring from Containers, or surfaces in this application followed more intensively than in the main patent.

From the company PROGEO GmbH from Berlin is a system for Leakage monitoring and location known that on a measuring system is based on the insulation resistance of the plastic sealing membrane controlled. For this purpose, above and below the barrier layer in the A distance of a few meters arranged over electrode strips their entire length are electrically conductive and so over the existing one An electric field is moist on both sides of the barrier layer form, which touch at leaks and thus the leak and report their location.

Leakage monitoring is from ABG GmbH in Munich known for basic seals made of plastic geomembranes that consists of a looped, perforated pipeline, which is below the plastic sealing membrane is arranged. About one Gas samplers are sucked the air out of the pipe and up Contaminant content checked.

Leakage warnings come from the tank protection for double-walled oil tanks known systems that monitor the tightness of the tank in the way that one at the space between the double-walled tank connected pipe in a container filled with liquid ends in which a float switch is arranged. in case of an If there is a leak in one of the two tank shells, the liquid level drops the connected container until the float switch Alarm triggers.

The additional invention is based on the object Leakage monitoring for open and closed containers  create the largely independent of the monitored Edging (barrier layer) over the measured level Leaks and in connection with a corresponding Barrier design also suggests the location of the leak.

A basic statement about the tightness of a container to meet it is usually enough to check whether at rest The stored volume remains unchanged.

This can reduce the stored volume for liquids evaporation, leaky valves or a leak in the Container wall (barrier layer).

The rate of evaporation is usually negligible, so that as primary leakage sources are the shut-off devices or the container wall remain.

Following this principle, it is therefore a level control possible, in addition to the amount of the stored volume also one Make a statement about the tightness of the container.

The leakage monitoring according to the invention is therefore based on a Level indicator or control depending on the classification of the Hazard class of the stored medium more or less quickly react to an unintentional drop in the level should.

This task involves many different level testing and Level measuring systems fair. These start at simple, relative mechanical float switches that react inaccurately Monitoring of a possible filling or emptying and ends in laser-based distance measuring devices the thousandth React millimeter range to level changes in the level.

Especially with those who work very precisely Level measuring systems are clear statements about the tightness of a Realizable container.

This can e.g. B. happen in the way that a laser directly or with appropriate tools the surface of the liquid level in  missing at a certain time and determined Changes in level of the level that are not due to planned filling or Evacuation activities have been responded to.

It is important to always take measurements at rest To carry out container operation, so in a certain period enables an unadulterated result through several measurements becomes.

But even during operation, a tightness control z. B. in be realized in such a way that during a filling or Switch off the emptying process at certain intervals the pumps are interrupted by the test interval of at least to enable two measurements at intervals.

Will be staggered between these at least two Measurements level differences found is a leak as very likely to assume.

In addition, the difference in measurement results and the Time period between the measurements a reliable statement on the leakage volume flow.

The previously described fill level test and fill level together with a signal transmitter, measuring devices form the Level monitoring, which is signaled in acoustic (horn, Siren, etc.) and / or visual (rotating light, flashing light, etc.) and / or in written form to a monitoring agency passes on.

The systems do not necessarily have to be directly in the pool or Containers can be arranged, but the liquid level also about a tube communicating with the container in some Distance to check or measure.

In the case of large pools or flat tubs, this loses Test method with increasing size of the basin or the tub in meaningfulness, since z. B. with a footprint of one hundred Square meters the drop in the liquid level by one hundredths of a millimeter corresponds to a leakage loss of one liter. With a container footprint of one thousand square meters, Finding the same leakage volume is already a measurement accuracy  of a thousandth of a millimeter required, which is true with the Laser technology is feasible, but possibly by other parameters such as rise or fall in liquid temperature during the Test period falsified the measurement result.

To counter this circumstance it is advisable depending on Hazard potential of the stored liquid and from it resulting tolerance leakage amount, the total area in several Subdivide test areas, either in the interval by a alternately used measuring device or together by several Check measuring devices for leaks.

In addition to the basic determination of whether a container If there is a leak at all, the situation is determined Leak for the short-term removal of damage from large Meaning.

The position determination or location of the leak takes place according to the invention in such a way that the barrier layer in at least one or a plurality inclined individual areas and the liquid only for as long can leak out of the container until the bottom edge of the leak is achieved.

Thereupon becomes the level of the level which does not drop any further in the container, with the geography of the Related to the barrier layer is the location of the leak along one Line (level at the lower edge of the leak) on the inclined Barrier area definable.

Was the barrier layer surface also in an additional, the line is inclined transversely to the first direction on which the leakage location is further shortened and thus the location of the leak location further specified.

Depending on the size of the Partial junction area and the leakage line determined thereon thus a relatively rough to very precise localization of the Leakage possible.

If a drainage device is provided in the container, the required junction partial surface inclinations in a sensible manner also be carried out so that the drainage lines are always in  deepest vertex (valley) of two junction sub-areas are arranged.

In this embodiment, several valleys are next to each other the valleys are arranged through the top vertices of the adjacent partial junction areas delimited.

In this way, a partial area that can be individually checked for leaks educated.

In addition, because of the required drainage line Partial junction areas in two directions, one to the drainage line towards and from the beginning of the drainage line to the drain there are only two relatively short ones within this valley Leakage lines.

The subdivision into partial junction areas can also be done by additional retracted partitions in the form of concrete, metal or plastic be carried out up to the top of the maximum Level of the container can range.

Such a subdivision into at least two partial areas should be next to the better, or parceled, leak detection even with strong pollution-prone containers with surface structure basically be provided because this arrangement is a allows additional pendulum flushing of the built-in components.

For pendulum rinsing, the liquid from one part of the surface is over Drainage lines sucked off and sent through a solid filter and then into the drainage line of the second partial area with a maximum permissible pressure is pumped up to the fill level limit.

Do this several times, alternating from area one to area two and Conversely, water pumped with pressure guarantees very good Cleaning services of the liquid-storing substructure.

This mutual filling and emptying can also take place in the Excellent connection with biological in situ cleaning be used.

In the area of the drainage pipe drain, it makes sense Connection possibility for a level measuring device to provide to be able to check this junction subarea separately.

There is already a small one with the partial fill level communicating tube sufficient that z. B. with the  communicating tubes of other parts to a central Surveillance site can be managed.

If only a very slight leakage has been determined, find it the leakage location by increasing the hydrostatic pressure the barrier layer makes sense to determine the leakage line. As this can not be done by additional amounts of liquid, is the Pressure increase via exposure to the liquid surface with Compressed air is a practical alternative. This can e.g. B. about that Drainage system, flooding system or lances take place because the Container wall or the pavement of a paving are largely sealed to the environment.

In addition to the single-shell tightness described above monitoring system are still more controllable barrier layers in Usually two-shell design possible.

This is particularly the case in the strongly inclined edge area of pools or tubs make sense because of the double layer of the barrier layer an independent leak test from the Allows rest of the junction area.

Due to the double-shell structure, a special Geography of the barrier layer, what is currently in the Edge area allows easier processing.

To check the double barrier layer for leaks several options available.

For one, there can be a spacer between the two layers free air space can be created, in the event of a leak the penetrating liquid to a correspondingly reacting sensor or another type of control can be conducted.

A statement is also made by sporadically extracting the intermediate air possible for the presence of a leak.

As a further possibility, this space between the Barrier layers should be filled with a control liquid, which in the case of a leak to the environment.

The drop in liquid level can be determined and can lead to Triggering of a corresponding message or signal used will.  

Both of the above double-shell monitoring systems are can also be subdivided into partial areas and thus also for the determination a leakage line can be used.

In the drawings are several embodiments of the invention shown. they show

Fig. 1 is a perspective cross-sectional view of a paved ground surface,

Fig. 2 shows a detail as enlargement of the left portion A of the paved floor surface corresponding to FIG. 1,

Fig. 3 shows a detail as enlargement of the right portion B of the paved floor surface corresponding to FIG. 1,

Fig. 4 shows a perspective cross section of a concrete floor surface,

Fig. 5 shows a detail as enlargement of the left portion A of the concrete floor surface as shown in Fig. 4,

Fig. 6 as a section enlargement of the right area B of the concrete floor surface as shown in Fig. 4,

Fig. 7 is a plan view of the barrier layer geography of the paved floor surface corresponding to FIG. 1,

Fig. 8 is a plan view of the barrier layer geography of the concrete floor surface as shown in Fig. 4,

Fig. 9 is a laser-assisted, decentralized level measurement system.

The surface shown in Fig. 1 with a surface covering ( 32 ) made of asphalt conducts the rainwater with the pollutants absorbed by the surface covering ( 32 ) via a depression ( 33 ) and drain pipe ( 69 ) to a mud and suspended matter separator located outside the surface. From there, the pre-cleaned water / pollutant mixture is discharged via a water inlet line ( 34 ) leading back to the surface to a distributor pipe ( 35 ), from where the liquid is evenly distributed to several infiltration pipes ( 36 ) connected to it. When flowing through the substructure ( 30 ), further pollutants are filtered out of the liquid and the pollutants are fed to the bacteria located in the substructure ( 30 ) and the drainage layer ( 29 ), so that a considerable reduction in pollutants is achieved within the area. The treated water is conducted via the drainage lines ( 28 ) to the double T-pieces ( 23 ) and from there via the collecting pipe ( 17 , 68 ). In order to retain the water / pollutant mixture, a barrier layer ( 15 ) made of PEHD plastic sealing sheets is arranged on the compensating layer, on which the drainage system ( 28 , 23 ) is housed within a glass ash fill ( 29 ). The double T-pieces ( 23 ) with the inspection shaft ( 25 ) attached to the drainage and drainage system allow direct access to the liquid level, with the resulting possibility of leakage control of one barrier layer partial area to be emptied and thereby delimited by the drainage pipe ( 28 ) . The concrete collar ( 24 ) attached to the lower edge of the inspection shaft ( 25 ) is able to transfer a load of 60 mg acting on the inspection shaft cover ( 56 ) to the substructure ( 30 ). The lower barrier layer (15) is double-T-piece provided with an inclination from the beginning of drainage pipes (28) uniformly sloping up to the (23) and a second inclination of the barrier layer ridge line (27) to the lower edge of the drainage pipes (28). The entire drainage system ( 23 , 28 , 29 ) in turn drops evenly in the direction of the surface runoff ( 68 ). Curbs ( 13 ) and curbs ( 13 ) to which the upper edge of the barrier layer ( 15 ) is connected with the aid of a flange ( 41 ) are shown as a circumferential border of the barrier layer ( 15 ). In accordance with the building regulations, the border ( 13 , 41 ) is based on a strip foundation ( 12 ) that was subsequently filled with soil ( 14 ) from the side facing away from the surface. From the upper Sperrschichtabkantung down to the drainage layer (29), the barrier layer for leakage control double-walled (15, 16) carried out on the one hand in the partial area A through a deepest point of the double barrier layer (15, 16) connected tube (18) for deriving Leakage liquid or to detect a leak in subarea B by the drop in a connected liquid level.

In FIG. 2, in particular the subarea A shown in FIG. 1 is discussed in more detail. Therein it can be seen that the laid in leak-monitored edge region (from the lower, largely horizontally extending barrier layer (15) up to the connecting flange (41)) on the balancing layer (11) barrier layer (15) from the entire surface installed in the tub barrier layer (15 ) itself, with a dimpled sheet ( 16 ) resting thereon and a protective fleece pad ( 37 ). The dimpled sheet ( 16 ), made of the same material as the barrier layer ( 15 ) laid over the entire surface, is subdivided into partial areas to be checked for leaks. The covering protective fleece ( 37 ) protects the dimpled sheet ( 16 ) against damage from the coarse-grained substructure material ( 30 ). Above the substructure ( 30 ) a bituminous base layer ( 31 ) with a final, asphalt surface covering ( 32 ) is shown, which extends to the connecting flange ( 41 ) of the barrier layer ( 15 ). At the lower end of the dimpled sheet ( 16 ), the collecting tube ( 18 ) can be seen that leakage liquid possibly penetrating into the space between the barrier layer ( 15 ) and dimpled sheet ( 16 ) leads into a central collecting container, from which a signal is emitted when liquid flows in . The barrier layer valley ( 57 ) can be seen below the double T-piece ( 23 ). From there, following the barrier layer ( 15 ) to the right, it soon rises vertically after an upturn and is folded again just a few centimeters above the barrier layer crest level ( 27 ) and then returned downwards and then back in again at the level of the lower drain pipe connection edge ( 42 ) to return the horizontal laying. This upstand ( 22 ) serves to separate two leakage test areas. Firstly, the partial area in which the double T-pieces ( 23 ) with the connecting pipes ( 17 ) draining the partial area are located and the partial areas that are drained through the connected drainage pipes ( 28 ). In the event of a leak detection, it must be ensured that the liquid level is always just below the separating upstands ( 22 ) or that the upper limit of the test level ( 27 ) (corresponds to the barrier combs ( 60 )) is not exceeded in order to carry out an accurate, partial-area leak test and location can.

Fig. 3 shows the right portion B of Fig. 1 and differs in the structure of the edge area only in the way that for leakage monitoring the space between the barrier layer ( 15 ) and dimpled sheet ( 16 ) is filled with a liquid, the expansion tank via a communicating tube ( 20 ) is connected to the gap. In the event of a leak, part of the control liquid would leak out of the intermediate space and if the liquid ran on from the expansion tank, a switch and signaling unit arranged therein would send out a corresponding signal.

FIG. 4 shows a surface comparable to FIG. 1 with a concrete lane ( 32 ). In order to be able to dispense with the dimpled lane ( 16 ) and its complex processing, in this example the separating barrier layer upstand ( 22 ) was underneath the concrete layer ( 32 ) led.

In Fig. 5, the portion A in detail is illustrated, it being appreciated that a protective nonwoven (37) is required only in the region of the coarse-grained substructure material (30). If leak detection is to take place in the edge area, the entire edge partial area up to below the concrete ( 32 ) must be filled with water in order to be able to precisely determine the leakage line during the subsequent, leakage-related lowering of the liquid level. Therefore, the marginal partial areas should be kept as small as possible.

In order to be able to check in the edge area with little water, the barrier layer upstand ( 15 , 37 , 38 ) was installed inclined in FIG. 6. This creates a gap between the upstand ( 15 , 37 , 38 ) and the edge barrier layer ( 15 , 37 ) which is comparable to the gap formed by a barrier layer ( 15 ) and a dimpled membrane ( 16 ) and also considerably less water for leakage testing or location required as required according to subarea A of FIG. 5. This partial area is also provided with a separate drainage pipe, so that this partial area can also be checked separately.

. 1 2 of FIG, 3, the increases starting in the edge region on the collecting drainage tube (17) from the lowest point 0 'on the level 1' to 2 '- in Figure 7, the barrier layer geography is (66 57).. The parallel barrier layer 0, 1, 2 ( 58 ) is arranged laterally and somewhat higher. From this valley, the three connected drainage lines ( 28 ) shown rise from 0 to 1 , 1 to 2 and 2 to 3 . The barrier layer valleys ( 58 , 59 , 70 ) follow this course. The barrier layers ( 15 ) between the drainage pipes all meet at level 4 ( 60 ) that is defined as a barrier layer crest ( 60 ) or test level upper limit ( 27 ). From the individual heights 0 'to 4 , the barrier layer ( 15 ) is pulled up to the upper edge 5 of the surface covering ( 32 ) in the edge region.

. 6, the surface of Figure 4, 5, again - Figure 8 shows the barrier layer are geography (66 57).. In the horizontal, central section, the design is identical to that of FIGS. 1, 2, 3. Only the edge area is constructed differently in parts, since the barrier layer valley ( 65 ) (increasing from 6 to 7 ) requires this due to the additionally required drainage pipe. The drainage pipe running there has a revision shaft ( 40 ) and a coupling as a double angle piece ( 71 ) to allow connection to a further drainage pipe ( 28 ).

The leakage test and location is carried out e.g. B. on the laser measuring system shown in Fig. 9 ( 45 - 55 ). To check individual partial areas, the measuring tube ( 50 ) is inserted through the inspection shaft ( 25 , 26 , 40 ) into the drainage pipe connection ( 42 ) and anchored there by inflating the sealing hose ( 46 ). The water in the partial area to be tested is conveyed into the measuring tube ( 50 ) either by itself or by brief suction. There is immediately a level in the partial surface and the measuring tube ( 50 ) identical due to the communicating tube ( 45 ). The reflecting float ( 53 ) floating on the water level in the measuring tube ( 50 ) can now be illuminated by the laser beam as a reference surface. A change in the fill level within the measuring tube ( 50 ) and thus also in the communicating partial area can be traced by temporally offset measurements.

Reference list

10th

grown ground

11

Leveling layer

12th

Strip foundation

13

Curbs / curb

14

Fill

15

PEHD barrier

16

PEHD membrane

17th

Manifold

18th

Leakage line

19th

Manifold

20th

communicating tube

21

Barrier layer upstand

22

Partition separation

23

Double-T connection

24th

Support collar

25th

Inspection shaft

26

Revision shafts

27

Test level upper limit

28

Drainage pipe

29

Drainage layer

30th

storable substructure

31

Base course

32

Surface covering

33

Sink

34

Water inlet

35

Manifold

36

Percolation pipe

37

Protective fleece

38

Support tube

39

Drainage pipe

40

Inspection shaft

41

Connecting flange

42

Drain pipe connection

43

Shaft connection

44

Shaft opening

45

communicating pipe

46

Sealing hose

47

Air intake

48

Air pipe

49

Air valve

50

Measuring tube

51

tripod

52

Laser measuring head

53

swimmer

54

Power supply

55

Output of measured values

56

cover

57

Barrier valley course

58

Barrier valley course

59

Barrier valley course

60

Barrier ridge course

61

Barrier bend

62

Barrier bend

63

Barrier bend

64

Barrier bend

65

Barrier valley course

66

Barrier bend

67

Surface gradient

68

Runoff

69

Sink drain

70

Barrier valley course

71

Double elbow

Claims (22)

1.Leakage warning system for basins, containers or other storage rooms for liquid media, which monitors the tightness of the barrier layer ( 15 ) sealing against the outside and, in the event of a leak, indicates or reports this damage automatically or automatically and subsequently locates the leak when the leak is located , characterized in that the permanent or sporadic tightness control of the barrier layer ( 15 ) is carried out via a liquid level measuring device which, in the event of an unforeseen drop in the liquid level, emits an acoustic, and / or visual, and / or written or other type of signal or message. 2. Leakage warning system according to claim 1, characterized in that the Flüssigkeitsniveaumeßgerät as a float-controlled, mechanical and / or inductive and / or hydrostatic apparatus, or as an electronic, (45 - 55) for filling out on reflected radiation based measuring system is carried out. 3. Leakage warning system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the level control is carried out either directly via the fill level within the basin, container or collecting space and / or through the fill level in at least one communicating tube ( 20 , 45 ) leading to the outside. 4. Leakage warning system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the entire container surface to be checked ( 15 ) is divided into several sub-control surfaces. 5. Leakage warning system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the position of the reported leak on the geography of the barrier layer ( 15 ), in cooperation with the, from the lower edge of the leak not further decreasing level, - that is, the height of the Level and the position of the upper liquid edge on the inclined barrier layer surface ( 15 ) which can be determined therefrom. 6. Leakage warning system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the geography of the barrier layer ( 15 ) allows it to be divided into several, arbitrarily outlined, independently testable for leakage partial areas. 7. Leakage warning system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of the partial barrier layer surfaces ( 15 ) to be monitored is provided with at least one separate, usable for leakage monitoring process and / or communicating tube ( 20 , 45 ). 8. Leakage warning system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drain ( 68 ) or the drains ( 23 , 42 ) or the communicating tube or tubes are to be used for connecting a liquid storage layer cleaning system. 9. Leakage warning system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the processes ( 23 , 42 ) or communicating tubes for each partial area fill and empty the partial areas and the associated filtering and / or emptying of the partial areas in a divided area in at least two partial areas Clean the liquid during pump transfer. 10. Leakage warning system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydrostatic pressure on the barrier layer ( 15 ) by compressed air, which presses on the liquid level lying on the barrier layer ( 15 ), is to be increased for higher-quality junction testing or better leak detection. 11. Leakage warning system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air required to increase the hydrostatic pressure on the barrier layer ( 15 ) is pumped in via a liquid-draining drainage system ( 23 , 42 , 28 ). 12. Leakage warning system or at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air required to increase the hydrostatic pressure on the barrier layer ( 15 ) is pumped in via at least one valve into the basin, the container or any other type of storage space. 13. Leakage warning system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a barrier layer ( 15 ) with or without barrier geography supporting leakage location, as a double-walled barrier layer ( 15 , 16 ) without leakage monitoring, is to be used as the entire barrier layer ( 15 ) or partial barrier region or regions. 14. Leakage warning system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a barrier layer ( 15 ) with or without leakage location-supporting barrier layer geography as a double-walled barrier layer ( 15 , 16 ) with leakage monitoring is to be used as the entire barrier layer ( 15 ) or barrier layer subarea or regions. 15. Leakage warning system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two barrier layers ( 15 , 16 ) of a double-walled barrier layer ( 15 , 16 ) or at least one portion of the barrier layer are arranged with an air-creating or liquid-absorbing distance from one another. 16. Leakage warning system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that double-walled barrier layers ( 15 , 16 ) or barrier layer partial areas by sucking off and checking the air present between the two barrier layers ( 15 , 16 ) or in the event of a leakage of penetrated liquid Leak must be checked. 17. Leakage warning system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that double-walled barrier layers ( 15 , 16 ) or barrier layer areas are to be checked for a leak by a liquid interstice filling and the filling level thereof which must not change. 18. Leakage warning system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the case of obliquely arranged double-walled barrier layers ( 15 , 16 ) or partial barrier layer regions with liquid-filled interspaces, the height of the leak in the slope is to be determined by at least one of the many aforementioned level measuring systems. 19. Leakage warning system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the barrier layer materials ( 15 ) made of concrete, metal and their alloys, plastic or minerals or their combinations. 20. Leakage warning system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drainage system ( 23 , 28 , 42 , 71 ) from at least one drainage pipe ( 28 ), or a knobbed film ( 16 ) with or without fleece or a flowable granulate layer ( 29 ) or a combination ( 28 , 29 ) of the aforementioned drainage or sprinkling options is formed. 21. Leakage warning system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the barrier layer trough ( 15 ) to be monitored is filled with a multilayer surface structure ( 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ). 22. Leakage warning system according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the multilayer surface structure ( 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ) is walkable, drivable and / or buildable.